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lr`wV H¥$îUamd AO©wZ Ho$iygH$a

g§nmXH$ - amOZ Jdg

àñVmdZm - AdZre nmQ>rb

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Jwéd`© H¥$îUamd AO©wZ Ho$iygH$a

_hmamï´>mMo dmL²>_`_hfu

AÜ`jm§Mo _ZmoJV

‘hmamï´>mMo dmL²>‘¶‘hfu Jwéd¶© Ho$iygH$a

AmO OJâ gJù¶m joÌmVb§ dV©‘mZn¶m©daU PmH$moibob§ AgVmZmOZH$ë¶mUmgmo~V CÎm‘ àemgZmgmR>r Am¶wî¶â Ü¶mg KoVboë¶m N>ÌnVr {edam¶m§MràH$fm©Zo AmR>dU ¶oV Amho. N>ÌnVr {edam¶ OmD$Z VrZeo dfª CbQ>br; VarhrOJâmVrb B{VhmgVÁk, Aä¶mgH$ Ë¶m§À¶m gd© joÌm§Vrb H$m‘m§Mo, CÎm‘àemgZmMo ‘wº$H§$R>mZo àe§gm H$aV Ambo AmhoV. ‘mZdrB{Vhmg hm gaH$marXáaImÝ¶mV, bmoH$g§ñH¥$VrÀ¶m H$Wm-JrVm§V Am{U hOmamo bmoH$m§À¶m {O^m§VyZ‘m¡pIH$ na§naoÀ¶m ê$nmZo CbJS>V OmVmo. ¶mH$[aVm B{VhmgboIH$mg ¶m gd©boIZgmYZm§Mm emoY KoV {df¶m§À¶m ‘wimn¶ªV Omdo bmJVo. XþX£dmZo Amnë¶mH$S>oVQ>ñWnUo B{Vhmg {bhÿZ R>odÊ¶mMr na§nam H$‘r Agë¶mZo ~aoMXm {b{hUmamË¶mÀ¶m gmo¶rà‘mUo {bhÿZ KoUmè¶mMo {hVg§~§Y amIV {bhrV OmVmo. ¶m‘wioMN>ÌnVr {edam¶m§Mo gdmªJnyU© M[aÌ ¶oÊ¶mg Iyn H$mi Omdm bmJbm.

N>ÌnVr {edam¶ ¶m ¶wJnwéfm§Mo ‘amR>rVrb n{hbo M[aÌ {b{hbo Jwéd¶©H¥$îUamd AOw©Zamd Ho$iygH$a ¶m ~hþOZ g‘mOmÀ¶m àkmd§V boIH$mZo. ‘amR>rVrbAmOMo {d»¶mV M[aÌH$ma S>m°. YZ§O¶ H$sa {b{hVmV, ""Ho$iygH$aH¥$V{edM[aÌmEdT>o g‘J« d g{dñVa M[aÌ AmOn¶ªV H$moUrhr {b{hbo Zmhr. N>ÌnVr{edmOr ‘hmamOm§Mo n{hbo ‘moR>o M[aÌ Ogo Jwéd¶mªZr {b{hbo; VgoM Jm¡V‘~wÕAm{U g§V VwH$mam‘ ¶m§Mo n{hbo M[aÌH$mahr Ho$iygH$aM AmhoV.'' ‘amR>rVrb‘moR>o {dMmad§V, {d»¶mV M[aÌH$ma, B{VhmgH$ma, {ddoH$dmXr dÎmo, gm‘m{OH$ ZoVoAm{U H$m‘Jmam§Mo Vo H¡$dmar hmoVo. amOH$s¶ F$fr ‘m‘m na‘mZ§X, Ý¶m¶‘yVu‘mYdamd amZS>o ¶m {dMmad§Vm§Zr Ë¶m§À¶m boIUrMr d {dMmam§Mr àe§gm Ho$br.Ë¶m§Zr bhmZ‘moR>r nñVrg M[aÌ§ {b{hbr. Vo JrVm Am{U ~m¡Õ Y‘m©Mo ^mî¶H$mahmoVo. Y‘©emñÌ, AW©emñÌ, {ejUemñÌ, g‘mOemñÌ, B{Vhmg, VÎdkmZ ¶m

{df¶m§da AZoH$ J«§W {b{hUmao àH$m§S> n§{S>V hmoVo. Joë¶m eVH$mVrb »¶mVZm‘boIH$ àm. ‘mYdamd Xm‘moXa AmiVoH$a åhUmbo, ""am. am. Ho$iygH$a ho OwÝ¶m{nT>rVrb åhUOo AmJaH$a-{Q>iH$m§À¶m {nT>rVbo ‘hÎdmMo boIH$ hmoD$Z Jobo;nU ~hþOZ g‘mOmÀ¶m dmQ>çmbm ¶oUmar ’$a’$Q> Ho$iygH$am§À¶m dmQ>çmbm AmbrAmho.''

2.

¶m àkmd§V boIH$mMr nmaI amOH$s¶ F$fr ‘m‘m na‘mZ§Xm§Zr Ho$br. Jwéd¶©Ho$iygH$a {dëgZ hm¶ñHy$bbm {ejH$ åhUyZ H$m‘ H$ê$ bmJbo. boIH$ ìhm¶Mo¶m {OÔrZo Ë¶m§Zr boIZ-dmMZmMr gmYZm gwê$ Ho$br. ‘hmË‘m ’w$bo ¶m§À¶mgË¶emoYH$ MidirV Vo AmoT>bo OmD$Z {R>H${R>H$mUr ^mfUo H$ê$ bmJbo. Ë¶mMod¥Îmm§V "XrZ~§YyV' ¶oD$ bmJbo. gw~moYn{ÌHo$Vrb EH$ {ZZmdr boI ‘m‘m na‘mZ§X¶m§Zm AmdS>bm. ‘m‘m§Zr Ho$iygH$am§Mm emoY KoVbm. Ë¶m§À¶mVrb boIZJwUAmoiIbo. Ë¶m§Mr ^oQ> KoVbr. ¶m boIH$mV boIZH$m¡eë¶ AmhoV. Ë¶mbmnwñVH$ àH$meZmMr g§Yr {‘imbr nm{hOo, ¶m {dMmam§Zr Vo åhUmbo, ""~S>moÚmMolr‘§V g¶mOramd ‘hmamO ho gm{hË¶H$boMo MmhVo Am{U OmUH$ma AmhoV.‘hmË‘m ’w$bo ¶m§Mo H$m¶©H$V} am‘M§Ð Ym‘UgH$a ‘hmamOm§Mo {XdmU AmhoV.Ë¶m§MoH$S>o ‘r Vw‘Mr {e’$mag H$aVmo''.

‘hmamOm g¶mOramd Jm¶H$dmS> ¶m§Mm ‘w§~B©V ‘w $m‘ AgVmZm ‘m‘m§ZrHo$iygH$am§~Ôb {dZ§Vr Ho$br. ‘hmamOm§Zr Ho$iygH$am§Zm oQ>rg ~mobmdbo. Ho$iygH$amgàíZ {dMmê$Z IS>gyZ narjm KoVbr. Ho$iygH$am§Mo Mm§Jbo dmMZ ~KyZ ‘hmamOm§Mog‘mYmZ hmoD$Z Vo åhUmbo, ""{X ñQ>moar Am°’$ ZoeÝg {garO‘Ü¶o OJ^amVrb ~mamJ«§Wm§Mm ‘amR>rV ^mfm§Va H$aÊ¶mMm Am‘Mm ~oV Amho. ¶mVrb ’«$mÝgMm OwZmB{VhmgmMo ^mfm§Va Vwåhr H$am.''

‘hmamOm§Zr EH$m nwñVH$mMo ^mfm§Va H$aÊ¶mMo H$m‘ ~hþOZmÀ¶m eyÐ‘mUgmbm {Xbo, hr Jmoï> ~S>moÚmVrb {dÛmZm§Zm AmdS>br Zmhr. ¶m g§X^m©VHw$O~wO AZ² Ho$iygH$am§À¶m boIZXOm©~Ôb g§e¶mMr MMm© ‘hmamOm§À¶m H$mZmdaAmbr; nU Vo Amnë¶m {ZU©¶mda I§~ra am{hbo. Vo ~mam J«§W 1883 bm

(Mma)

N>mnyZ Pmbo Am{U Ë¶mdoiÀ¶m X{jUmàmBO H$‘oQ>rMo n{hbo ~jrg "’«$mÝgMmOwZm B{Vhmg' ¶m Ho$iygH$am§À¶m 568 n¥ð>m§À¶m ^mfm§Vamg {‘imbo. ¶mZ§VabmJbrM ‘hmamOm§Zr "goZH$m d E{nŠQ>oQ²g' 650 n¥ð>m§À¶m J«§WmÀ¶m ^mfm§VamMoH$m‘ Ho$iygH$am§Zm {Xbo Am{U Jwéd¶© Ho$iygH$am§À¶m gm{hË¶godoMr gwédmVJm¶H$dmS> gaH$maÀ¶m ‘XVrZo gwê$ Pmbr.

3.

’«$mÝgMm OwZm B{Vhmg (1883), VwH$mam‘~mdm§Mo M[aÌ (1896), goZoH$md E{nŠQ>oQ²gMr ~moYdMZo (1897), Jm¡V‘~wÕmMo M[aÌ (1898), gmV Cn{ZfXm§Mo^mfm§Va (1898) Am{U lr‘X²^JdVJrVm hm 1100 n¥ð>m§Mm J«§W (1902)¶mgmaIo Mm¡’o$a boIZ Ho$boë¶m Ho$iygH$am§Mo ~S>moÚmV ¶oUo-OmUo dmT>bo hmoVo.~S>moÚmMo {XdmU am‘M§Ð {dR>mo~m Ym‘UgH$a ho Ë¶m§Mo Mm§Jbo ñZohr Pmbo hmoVo.{ejH$mMr ZmoH$ar, doJdoJù¶m ‘m{gH$m§Mo g§nmXZ, H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ Am{W©H$ AmoT>mVmU- Ë¶mgmR>r {eH$dÊ¶m KoUo Am{U am{hboë¶m doimV P§PmdmVmgmaIo boIZ H$aVhmoVo. ‘Ü¶oM àH¥$Vr T>mgmibr. AemV Vo ~S>moÚmV Ym‘UgH$am§Zm ^oQ>m¶bmAmbo. Ë¶mdoir Imgoamd OmYd ho H$boŠQ>a hþÔçmdarb A{YH$mar VoWo ~gbobohmoVo. Ym‘UgH$a Imgoamdm§Zm åhUmbo, ""ho Jwéd¶© am. am. H¥$îUamd Ho$iygH$a.Amnë¶m g‘mOmVrb {dÛmZ B{VhmgVÁk AmhoV. Ë¶m§Zr AmVmn¶ªV H$mhr ‘amR>rJ«§W {b{hbo AmhoV. AmVm N>ÌnVr {edmOr ‘hmamOm§da M[aÌ {b{hÊ¶mMm Ë¶m§Mm‘mZg Amho. Ë¶mH$[aVm MMm© H$aÊ¶mgmR>r ‘wÔm‘ Ambo AmhoV.''

VéU Imgoamd åhUmbo, ""J«§W Mm§Jbm {bhm h§ JwéOr; H$maU Amnë¶m‘amR>çmV J«§W {b{hUmao VwåhrM n{hbo AmhmV.'' Imgoamdm§À¶m à{V{H«$¶og Jwéd¶©Ho$iygH$am§Zr hgyZ à{VgmX {Xbm Am{U Ho$iygH$a-Imgoamdm§Mr nwT>o AmoiIdmT>V Jobr. ZwH$VoM AmOmamVyZ CR>boë¶m Jwéd¶© Ho$iygH$am§Zm XmOrgmho~ dam‘M§Ð Xidr ho XmoKo ~§Yyhr {edM[aÌ boIZmMm AmJ«h H$aV hmoVo. ‘amR>màmpìhS§>Q> ’§$S>mV’}$ Vo àH$m{eV ìhmdo, Aer Ë¶m§Mr BÀN>m hmoVr. 1903 gmbrJwéd¶mªZr lr {edmOr ‘hmamOm§g§~§YmMm Aä¶mg gwê$ Ho$bm. CnbãY gm‘J«rdmMyZ {Q>nUo H$mT>br. hmoB©b VodT>o Mm§Jbo Am{U {ZXm}f {edM[aÌ boIZ gwê$Ho$bo. ‘Yë¶m H$mimV nËZrMo AmOmanU, XmoZ ‘wbtMm {ddmh Am{U A{Vl‘mZo

(nmM)

nwÝhm AmOmar nS>bo. dmgwXod qbJmoOr {~O} ho {dÛmZ gË¶emoYH$s ‘mUyg‘XVrbm YmdyZ Ambo. ho lr. {~O} g¶mOramd ‘hmamOm§H$S>o H$mhr H$mi J«§WnmbhmoVo. ¶m§À¶m ‘XVrZo N>ÌnVr {edam¶m§Mo M[aÌboIZ nyU© hmoD$Z {S>g|~a 1906bm J«§W {ZU©¶gmJa N>mnImÝ¶mV Jobm. 1907 gmbr àH$m{eV Pmbm. Jwéd¶©Ho$iygH$am§Zr N>ÌnVr emhÿ ‘hmamOm§Zm hm J«§W An©U Ho$bm. N>ÌnVtZr EH$ hOmaén¶o XoD$Z AmUIr nmMeo àVr KoVë¶m. ‘hmamOm g¶mOramd Am{U ~mnygmho~H$mJbH$am§Zr àË¶oH$s XmoZeo àVr KoD$Z ‘XV Ho$br.

4.

""j{Ì¶Hw$bmdV§g N>ÌnVr {edmOr ‘hmamO ¶m§Mo M[aÌ'' hm 598 n¥ð>m§Mmn{hbm M[aÌJ«§W {b{hVmZm B{VhmgH$mamZo gË¶mMo àH$meZ d g‘W©Z H$amdo,Aer Jwéd¶© Ho$iygH$am§Mr {ddoH$dmXr ^y{‘H$m hmoVr. gË¶ {~ZYmoH$ gm§{JVbonm{hOo. ‘J Ë¶m‘wio H$moUmbm AmZ§X hmoB©b qH$dm dmB©Q> dmQ>ob ¶mMm M[aÌboIH$mZo‘ZmV qH$Vw R>ody Z¶o, Ago Vo åhUV. ¶m‘wioM Jwéd¶© Ho$iygH$a ¶m§Zr n{hbog‘J« Am{U g{dñVa {edM[aÌ {b{hbo, Ago S>m°. YZ§O¶ H$sa ¶m§Zr Jm¡admZo{b{hbo Amho.

{edM[aÌmVrb Eo{Vhm{gH$ gË¶m~Ôb {b{hVmZm Amnë¶m AmË‘H$WoVJwéd¶mªZr {b{hbo Amho, ""{H$Ë¶oH$ bmoH$m§Zm Z AmdS>Umè¶m Jmoï>r ‘r ¶m M[aÌmVAmYma^yV {b{hë¶m AmhoV. N>ÌnVr {edmOr ‘hmamOm§Zm ñdamÁ¶ ñWmnÊ¶mÀ¶mH$m‘r ‘gbV d CnXoe XmXmoOr H$m|S>Xod, ehmOr ‘hmamOm§Mo {H$Ë¶oH$ hñVH$Am{U am‘Xmg ñdm‘r hmoVo, Ago åhUUo ‘r gm’$ ImoSy>Z H$mT>bo Amho. XmXmoOrZoehmOr ‘hmamOm§H$S>o AZoH$ nÌ§ {bhÿZ H$mJmir Ho$br H$s, {ed~m Amnbo EoH$VZmhr.''

am‘Xmg ñdm‘tÀ¶m CnXoemZo d gëë¶mZo {edam¶m§Zr ñdamÁ¶m§Mo VmoaU~m§Ybo, ¶mbmhr {~bHy$b AmYma Zmhr. {edmOr ‘hmamO Am{U am‘Xmg ¶m§Mrn{hbr ^oQ> 1673 bm Pmë¶mMm g~i boIr nwamdmhr Ë¶m§Zr {Xbm Amho.Ë¶m‘wio ¶mnyduMr 1649 Mr ñdm‘r d {edam¶m§Mr ^oQ> Pmbr, ¶mg AmYmaZmhr. Xmg~moYmÀ¶m eodQ>r amOH$s¶ ~m~tMm CëboI Amho; na§Vw Vmo am‘Xmg

(ghm)

ñdm‘tÀ¶m hmVMm ZgyZ Ho$di à{já Amho. ñdm‘r 1682 bm {ZYZ nmdë¶mZ§Va{b{hbm Amho, Ago Ho$iygH$a JwéOr {b{hVmV.

Ý¶m¶‘yVu ‘mYdamd amZS>o ¶m§Zr ‘amR>çm§Mm B{Vhmg {b{hbm. ¶mV VoåhUVmV, {edam¶m§Mm ‘hmamï´>mnwaVo ñdamÁ¶ ñWmnÊ¶mMm CÔoe d à¶ËZ hmoVm.Ý¶m. amZS>o ¶m§Mo ho åhUUo Aà‘mU AgyZ ApIb qhXþñWmZda ñdamÁ¶ ñWmnÊ¶mMo{edam¶m§Mo ñdßZ hmoVo, ho Jwéd¶© Ho$iygH$am§Zr ¶m M[aÌmV {b{hbo Amho. {edmOr‘hmamO AmUIr Xhm dfª OJbo AgVo, Va Ë¶m§Zr ¶m gJù¶m Jmoï>r OJmbmH$ê$Z XmIdë¶m AgË¶m.

XmXmoOr H$mo|S>Xod d am‘Xmg ho {edmOtMo Jwê$ ZmhrV ho ñnï> gm§JUo AZoH$‘§S>itZm AmdS>bo Zmhr. H$mhr ‘§S>itZr Ë¶m§À¶mda Om{VÛofmMmhr Amamon Ho$bm.g‘H$mbrZ d¥ÎmnÌm§Zr hmV amIyZ ¶m {edM[aÌm~Ôb {b{hbo. ‘mÌ àm. Zm. Ho$.~ohaogmaIo {dÛmZ ‘Z‘moH$ionUmZo åhUmbo, ""Ho$iygH$aH¥$V lr N>ÌnVtMo M[aÌhm gw§Xa J§«§W AZoH$ dfmªnmgyZ ‘mÂ¶m {ZË¶nmR>mMm Pmbm Amho.'' {edM[aÌàH$m{eV Pmbo Ë¶mM dfu 1907 gmbr ApIb ^maVr¶ ‘amR>m {ejU n[afXoMrn{hbr n[afX YmadmS> ¶oWo ^a{dÊ¶mV Ambr. H$moëhmnyaMo Zm. ^mñH$aamd OmYd¶m n[afXoMo ñdmJVmÜ¶j hmoVo. g¶mOramd ‘hmamOm§Mo COdo hmV Agbobo ImgoamdOmYd AÜ¶j hmoVo. ho Imgoamd ‘hmamOm§Mo OdiMo ZmVodmB©H$ Am{U H$boŠQ>aMZìhVo, Va H«$m§{VH$maH$m§Zm ‘XV H$aUmao, gË¶emoYH$ MidirMo g{H«$¶ H$m¶©H$V}Am{U ~S>moÚmVrb AZoH$ H$ë¶mUH$mar ¶moOZm§Mo àdV©H$hr hmoVo.

Amnë¶m AÜ¶jr¶ ^mfUmV Jwéd¶mªÀ¶m {edM[aÌm~Ôb Jm¡admZo ~mobVmZmImgoamd åhUmbo, ""Am‘À¶m ‘hmamï>mVrb H$m±J«og^º$ ‘§S>ir lr {edmOr ‘hmamOm§MmCËgd H$[aVo. hm CËgd IamoIa ^{º$nwañga Amho Ago Amåhr g‘OVmo H$m¶?Ë¶m§Mr Oa lr {edmOr ‘hmamOm§À¶m R>m¶r Iar nyÁ¶ ~wÕr AgVr Va Ë¶m§À¶mMd§eOm§g Vo eyÐ åhUÊ¶mg H$m V¶ma Pmbo AgVo? Am‘Mo {‘Ì am. am. Ho$iygH$a¶m§Zr ZwH$VoM lr {edmOr ‘hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ {b{hbo Amho. Vo ’$ma gai Am{U‘ZmodoYH$ ^mfoV n[al‘mZo {b{hbo AgyZ Eo{Vhm{gH$ ‘m{hVrZo ^abobo Amho.nwîH$i Jmoï>r AmOn¶ªV bmoH$m§À¶m ZOaoAmS> hmoË¶m Ë¶m ¶m nwñVH$m‘wio nwT>oAmë¶m AmhoV Am{U Ë¶m ¶moJmZo Amnë¶m bmoH$m§À¶m g§~§YmZo Oo AkmZmMo g‘O

(gmV)

hmoVo Vo Xÿa Pmbo AmhoV. Ago ho EH$ Mm§Jbo nwñVH$ EH$m ‘amR>çmZo {b{hboAgë¶mZo Am‘À¶m ~«m÷U ~§Yyg AmZ§X ìhmd¶mg nm{hOo hmoVm; na§Vw {ZamimMàH$ma ‘mÂ¶m H$mZr Ambm Amho. ~«m÷U bmoH$m§Zr ho nwñVH$ dmMÊ¶mH$[aVm {dH$VKoVbo Zmhr EdT>oM Zmhr, Va ¶m nwñVH$mMr Om{hamVgwÕm Ë¶m§Zr Amnë¶mdV©‘mZnÌmV n¡go KoD$Z à{gÕ H$aÊ¶mMo ZmH$mabo, hm {H$Vr eyÐ {dMma! ¶mdaAmnë¶m ‘§S>itZr ~o{Xb Z hmoVm Ë¶m§À¶mgmaIo bm¶H$ AmhmoV AgoM XmI{dUohm CÎm‘ ‘mJ© Amho. {dZmH$maU hodm, Ûof H$aÊ¶mV AW© Zmhr. ¶mda EH$M Cnm¶Amho - {eH$bo nm{hOo. AmnU EH$m XoemV amhVmo; Amnbo ’$ma H$mimnmgyZMm§Jbo g§~§Y AmhoV. Vo g§~§Y dmT>bo nm{hOo. Ë¶mV XmoKm§Mmhr ’$m¶Xm Amho.{ejU hmM CËH$f© Am{U n[adV©ZmMm EH$‘od ‘mJ© Amho.''

Jwéd¶© Ho$iygH$am§Zr Ë¶m§À¶m N>ÌnVr {edmOr ‘hmamO ¶m§À¶m M[aÌmMoB§J«Or ^mfm§Va àm. ZriH§$R>amd VmH$mImd ¶m§Zr Ho$bo. Vo ^mfm§Va ImgoamdOmYdm§Zr dmMbo. hm CÎm‘ J«§W OJâmVrb B§J«Or dmMH$m§g‘moa Joë¶mZo N>ÌnVr{edam¶m§Mo Abm¡{H$H$ H$m‘ OJmnwT>o ¶oB©b, Ago Ë¶m§Zm dmQy> bmJbo. ImgoamdJwéd¶© Ho$iygH$am§Zm åhUmbo, hm Vw‘Mm J«§W N>mnmd¶mbm bmJUmao Ðì¶ ‘rAdí¶ {‘idyZ XoVmo. ¶m J«§WmÀ¶m àH$meZmgmR>r g¶mOramd ‘hmamOm§H$S>o àW‘eãX Q>mH$mdm, Agm Imgoamdm§Mm {dMma hmoVm; nU Ë¶m H$mimV ~S>moÚmVrbH$m¡Qw>§{~H$-amOH$s¶ AS>MUtMr H$ënZm Imgoamdm§Zm hmoVr. Ë¶m‘wio Ë¶m§Zr ñdV:½dmëhoaÀ¶m lr. Imgoamd ndma Am{U lrg§V gaXma {eVmoio ¶m§À¶mH$S>o Jmoï>H$mT>br. gaXma {eVmoio ¶m§Zr H$Om©D$ gmS>onmM hOma én¶o {Xbo Am{U B§J«Or{edM[aÌ 1921 gmbr N>mnyZ Ambo. J«§WmÀ¶m nmM hOma àVr N>mnë¶m. N>ÌnVramOmam‘ ¶m§Zr XmoZeo àVr KoD$Z ‘XV Ho$br. BVa amOoaOdmS>çm§H$Sy>Z AZ² YZdmZ‘amR>m ‘§S>itH$Sy>Z ¶m J«§Wm§~Ôb H$‘mbrMr CXmgrZVm AZw^dm¶bm {‘imbr.gmS>oMma hOma àVr Jwéd¶© Ho$iygH$am§À¶m A§Jmda nSy>Z am{hë¶m. Vw‘Mo H$O©’o$S>Ê¶mgmR>r ‘r ‘hmamï´>â {’$ê$Z ^rH$ ‘mJoZ Agm eãX Imgoamd OmYdm§Zr{Xbm. N>ÌnVr emhÿ§Zr ‘XVrMm eãX {Xbm; nU WmoS>çm A§VamZo ho XmoÝhr nwéfAH$mbr Jobo. eodQ>r B§XÿaMo ‘hmamO VwH$moOramd hmoiH$am§Zr ‘XV Ho$ë¶mZoJwéOtÀ¶m S>moŠ¶mdaMo H$Om©Mo AmoPo Xÿa Pmbo. VrZ hOma àVr OJâmVrb B§J«Or

(AmR>)

dmMZmb¶m§Zm ñdIMm©Zo ôQ> nmR>{dë¶m. nmMeo àVr hmoiH$a gaH$mam§Zm {Xë¶m.nwT>o XþX£dmZo ¶m ñdm{^‘mZr amOmbm g§ñWmZ gmoSy>Z Omdo bmJbo. ¶mMo Xþ:I Jwéd¶©Ho$iygH$am§Zm Pmbo. hmoiH$am§À¶m ¶m ‘XVr‘wio Ho$iygH$am§Mo gJio XoUo {’$Q>bo.nmM hOma én¶o Ë¶m§À¶mH$S>o {eëbH$ am{hbo. {edM[aÌmMo ^mfm§VaH$ma àm. VmH$mImd¶m§Zm H¥$VkVm åhUyZ nmM hOma én¶mMo e§â Vmoio gmoZo KoD$Z gÝ‘mZmZo ‘mZYZåhUyZ {Xbo. hm Ë¶m H$mimVbm boIH$mMm gdmªV ‘moR>m gÝ‘mZ hmoVm.

5.

‘hmamOm g¶mOramdm§Zr VËH$mbrZ {dÛmZm§Mm {damoY PwJmê$Z Jwéd¶©Ho$iygH$am§Zm J«§WboIZmg àmoËgmhZ {Xbo, Vo J«§W ~S>moXm g§ñWmZZo àH$m{eV Ho$boAm{U ~hþOZ àkmd§Vmg boIH$ åhUyZ Cô amhÊ¶mg ‘moR>r g§Yr {Xbr. hoJwéd¶mªZr H¥$VkVmnyd©H$ Amnë¶m AmË‘H$WoV Z‘yX Ho$bo Amho.

‘. ’ww$bo, amOfu emhÿ Am{U S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$a ¶m H$Ë¶m© ¶wJnwéfm§Zmgdm©Wm©Zo gmhmæ¶ H$aUmao, nmR>~i XoUmao ‘hmamOm g¶mOramd hmoVo, ho AmVmnwamoJm‘r ‘hmamï> g‘OyZ KoV Amho; bmoH$‘mÝ¶ {Q>iH$m§Zr JrVmahñ¶ J«§W {b{hÊ¶mnyduVoam dfª AJmoXa åhUOoM 1902 gmbr 1100 n¥ð>m§Mm lr‘X²^JdX²JrVm J«§W1902 gmbr {b{hbm; nU ~mdrg dfª àH$meH$ Z {‘imë¶mZo Vmo Yyi ImVnSy>Z am{hbm, Aer I§V Ë¶m§Zr Amnë¶m AmË‘H$WoV {b{hbr. nwT>o Vmo gmdimam‘¶§Xo ¶m§Zr àH$m{eV Ho$bm. gmdimam‘ ¶§Xo ¶m§Zm nwñVH$ àH$meZmg g¶mOramdm§Zr‘XV Ho$br. Jwéd¶© Ho$iygH$a ho Jm¡V‘~wÕ, g§V VwH$mam‘ Am{U N>ÌnVr {edmOr¶m ¶wJnwéfm§Mo ‘amR>r ^mfoVrb n{hbo ‘hÎdmMo M[aÌboIH$ AmhoV. ‘m‘mna‘mZ§X, Ý¶m. amZS>o, S>m°. YZ§O¶ H$sa, H«$m§{VH$maH$ Imgoamd OmYd ¶m {dMmad§Vm§ZrHo$iygH$am§À¶m boIUrMr d {dMmam§Mr àe§gm Ho$br.

‘hmË‘m ’w$bo ¶m§Mr gË¶emoYH$ Midi, ‘amR>m EoŠ¶oÀNy> g^m, H$m‘JmaMidi Am{U AZoH$ gm‘m{OH$ g§ñWm§V Ë¶m§Zr Am¶wî¶â H$m‘ Ho$bo. Ë¶m§À¶m‘wioS>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§gmaIo ZoVo g‘mOmg {‘imbo. ZmB©H$ ‘amR>m ‘§S>imMrñWmnZm Jwéd¶© Ho$iygH$am§Zr ã¶mE|er dfmªnydu Ho$br. IoS>çmVrb Jar~ Am{U{eHy$ BpÀN>Umè¶m {dÚmÏ¶mªZm AmOhr ¶m ‘§S>imV’}$ {eî¶d¥Îmr XoÊ¶mV ¶oVo.

(ZD)

OZmV OZmX©Z nmhUmao Jwéd¶© Ho$iygH$am§Zr Am¶wî¶^amV gmV hOma n¥ð>m§hÿZA{YH$ Mm¡’o$a boIZ Ho$bo. nwamoJm‘r ‘hmamï´>mVrb dmMH$m§Zr d Aä¶mgH$m§ZrHo$iygH$am§À¶m EHy$U boIZmMr åhUmdr Ver XIb KoVbrM Zmhr. Ë¶m§Zr Cä¶mAm¶wî¶mV MmirgoH$ ‘moR>o J«§W {b{hbo; nU Jm¡V‘ ~wÕm§Mo M[aÌ Am{U N>ÌnVr{edmOr ‘hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ dJiVm Cä¶m ‘hmamï´>mZo ¶m ~hþOZ g‘mOmÀ¶m‘hfuH$S>o nyU©V: nmR> {’$adbr. Ë¶m§Mo g§V VwH$mam‘~mdm§Mo M[aÌ hm ‘amR>rVrbn{hbm JÚ ñdê$nmVrb {ddoH$dmXr M[aÌJ«§W 1896 gmbr àH$m{eV Pmbm.Joë¶m EH$eo AR>am dfmªV ¶m J«§Wm§Mr Xþgar Amd¥Îmr àH$m{eV H$amdr Ago‘hmamï´>mVrb g§V gm{hË¶mÀ¶m àH$meH$mg, Aä¶mgH$mg Am{U g§V VwH$mam‘mÀ¶mAä¶mgH$m§g emoY ¿¶mdm dmQ>bm Zmhr, hmhr B{Vhmg Amho. Aem ¶mdmL²>‘¶‘hfuMr AmoiI ‘hmamï´>mZo AmO nwÝhm H$ê$Z KoÊ¶mMr JaO Agë¶mZo‘r ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ gm{hË¶ Am{U g§ñH¥$Vr ‘§S>imMm AÜ¶j hmoVmM H$m¶©H$mar‘§S>imÀ¶m n{hë¶m ~¡R>H$sV g‘J« H¥$. A. Ho$iygH$aMo àH$meZ emgZmZo H$amdoAgm {ZU©¶ KoVbm. ¶m dmL²>‘¶rZ O~m~XmarMo H$m‘ Am‘Mo {‘Ì lr. amOZJdg ¶m§À¶mH$S>o gmon{dbo. Ë¶m§Zr hr ‘hÎdmMr O~m~Xmar nma nmSy>Z ¶mdmL²>‘¶rZ ‘hfuMr AmoiI ‘hmamï´>mbm Zì¶mZo H$ê$Z {Xbr Amho, ¶mMm ‘bmIyn AmZ§X Amho.

{X. 28-5-2018

~m~m ^m§S>AÜ¶j

‘. am. gm{hË¶ Am{U g§ñH¥$Vr ‘§S>i, ‘ww§~B©.

(Xhm)

Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§Zr {b{hbobo "N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamO m§Mo M[aÌ'ho _amR>rVrbn{hbo M[aÌ Amho. ho M[aÌ {dœgZr` _mZbo OmVo. Ho$iygH$a JwéOtZr _hmË_m\w$b|À`m g^m bhmZnUrM EoH$ë`m hmoË`m. Ë`m§À`m {dMmamMm Am{U H$m`m©Mm à^mdñdm^m{dH$nUo Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§da nS>bm. `m_wioM Vo Jm¡V_ ~wÕ, g§V VwH$mam_ dN>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamO m§À`m M[aÌboIZmV a__mU Pmbo. \w$b|À`m gË`emoYH$s`{dMmagaUrMm à^md Ë`m§À`m gd©M boIZmda Agë`mMo {XgyZ `oVo. _wimVHo$iygH$am§Mr Zmi hr H¥${fg§ñH¥$Vrer OmoS>bobr hmoVr. VËH$mbrZ eoVH$è`mÀ`mKamV {ejUmH$So> \$maem Jm§^r`m©Zo ~{KVbo OmV ZìhVo. {eH$Uo ho eoVH$è`mMo H$m_ZgyZ Vr \$º$ ~«m÷Um§MrM _ºo$Xmar, Ago g_mO_mZgmV Imobda éObobo hmoVo.Aem H$mimV Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§Mo dS>rb _mÌ {ejUmH$So> S>moignUo nmhUmao J¥hñWhmoVo. Amnë`m _wbm§Zr {eH$bo nm{hOo Agm Ë`m§Mm AÅ>mhmg hmoVm. AOw©ZamdHo$iygH$am§Zr ~oiJmd, _w§~B©, gmd§VdmS>r Aer nmoQ>mnmÊ`mgmR>r ^«_§Vr Ho$br. nUAmoT>mVmUrÀ`m g§gmamV _wbm§Zr {eH$bo nm{hOo `mH$So> Ë`m§Zr H$Q>mjmZo bj {Xbo.Ë`m_wio H¥$îUamd Ho$iygH$a `m§Mo ~mbnU AË §V H$ï>mV Jobo Agbo Var {ejUmMrAmoT> H$m`_ am{hbr. KaÀ`m Xm[aÐçm_wio _mo\$V {ejUmgmR>r àM§S> IQ>nQ> H$amdrbmJbr. Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§Mr Agm_mÝ` ~w{Õ_Îmm nmhÿZ OJÞmW e§H$aeoR> `m§À`m_wbmZo Ë`m§Mr _mo\$V {ejUmgmR>r {e\$mag Ho$br. VËH$mbrZ _moR>o ì`mH$aUH$maH¥$îUemór JmoS>~mobo Ë`m§Zm _w»`mÜ`mnH$ åhUyZ bm^bo. Ë`m§À`m ghdmgmV ì`mH$aU,J{UV, H${dVm `m§Mr Mm§Jbr V`mar hmoV Jobr. H¥$îUemór JmoS>~mobo h o

g§nmXH$s`

~wÕràm_mÊ`dmXr, {ZarœadmXr, g_Vm, Z¡{VH$Vm _mZUmao J¥hñW Agë`m_wio hog§ñH$ma AmnmoAmnM Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§da hmoV Jobo.

1881 gmbr Jwéd © Ho$iygH$a {dëgZ hm`ñHy$b_YyZ _°{Q>H$ Pmbo. Cƒ{ejUKoÊ`mMr AVrd BÀN>m AgyZhr KaÀ`m Jar~r_wio Ë`m§Zm Vo KoVm Ambo Zmhr. dË`m§Zm {ejH$mMr ZmoH$ar nËH$amdr bmJbr. 1881 Vo 1885 n ªV Ë`m§Zr BòmBbremio_Ü o ZmoH$ar Ho$br. Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§Mr kmZbmbgm Am{U àm_m{UH$nUmnmhÿZ emioÀ`m ì`dñWmnZmZo Ë`m§À`mH$So> "Bòm`b'`m gmám{hH$mÀ`m g§nmXZmMrO~m~Xmar gmondbr. Bòm`b gmám{hH$mMo g§nmXZ H$aV AgVmZm Ë`m§Zm boIZm~m~VMmAmË_{dœmg àmá Pmbm. {ejH$ åhUyZ Vo {dÚmWu{à` hmoVoM; nU boIZm_wio Vog_mOmV bmoH${à` Pmbo. 1886 gmbr {dëgZ hm`ñHy$b_Ü o Ë`m§Zr ZmoH$arg gwédmVHo$br. AI§S> {dÚmì`mg§J, {dÚmÏ`mªda {Za{Ve` ào_, gm_mÝ` {dÚmÏ`mª~Ôb g§doXZerbÑ{ï>H$moU `m_wio Vo gd©Ì Jwéd © åhUyZ AmoiIbo OmD$ bmJbo. Jar~ _wbm§À`m~ÔbH$Ud Am{U Vi_i, Ë`m§Zm gd©àH$maMr _XV H$aUmao Ago Vo {ejH$ Agë`m_wiog_mOmV Ë`m§À`m~Ôb AmnmoAmnM lÕm^md dmT>rg bmJbm.

Amnë`mbm Cƒ{ejU KoVm Ambo Zmhr hr gb Ë`m§Zm gVVM AñdñWH$arV hmoVr. Ë`m_wio ñdV: à`ËZ H$ê$Z AmnU Cƒ kmZ {_idÊ`mMr YS>nS>Ë`m§Zr gwê$ Ho$br. ñdV:À`m H$ï>mda d Ü`mgmda Ë`m§Zr Amnbm ì`mg§J gVVMAÚ`mdV R>odbm. KaMr n[apñWVr AmoT>J«ñVVoMr Agë`m_wio emioV ZmoH$ar H$ê$ZË`m§Zm ImOJr {eH$dÊ`m ¿`mì`m bmJV. Cabobm àË oH$ jU Ë`m§Zr Am wî`^admMZ, boIZ ì`mg§JmV Kmbdbm. d¥ÕmnH$mim_wio Ñï>r _§X Pmë`mZ§Va Amnë`mbmdmMVm oV Zmhr hr gb Ë`m§Zm nmoIaV Jobr. VËH$mbrZ AmT>çVmImoa ~«m÷Um§Zr_amR>m Mm§Jbo _amR>r {bhÿM eH$V Zmhr, Aer eoao~mOr Ho$ë`m_wio Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§Zr{MH$mQ>rZo Amnbr ^mfm, eãXg§J«h Am{U e¡br ì`mg§JmÀ`m Omoamda AÚ`mdVHo$br Am{U eoao~mOr H$aUmè`m OmË`m{^_mÝ`m§Mm ^«_ KmbdyZ Q>mH$bm. VÎdkmZ,Zr{Vemó, _mZgemó, AW©emó, B{Vhmg, Y_©emó AmXr emIm§À`m gImobAä`mgmgmR>r OwÝ`m àmMrZ J«§Wm§Mo {MH$mQ>rZo dmMZ Ho$bo. `m~amo~aM Om°Z ñQw>AQ>©{_b, ñnoÝga, Am°JñV H$m°åV, S>m{d©Z, B§Jagm°b BË`mXr nmümÎ` {dMmad§Vm§MmAä`mg H$ê$Z AmnUhr H$mhr H$_r Zmhr ho Ë`m§Zr XmIdyZ {Xbo. `mVyZM Ë`m§Mrì`mg§Jr boIZe¡br {dH${gV Pmbr.

(~mam)

Amnë`m Am wî`mV Amboë`m MT>CVmam_wio Ë`m§Zm nwñVH$m§BVHo$M OJÊ`mZohrg_§Og d g_¥Õ Ho$bo. \$º$ emioV {eH$dUo EdT>o Amnbo H$m_ ZgyZ Amnë`m^modVmbMm g_mO Amnë`mbm ~Xbdm`Mm Amho hr YmaUm _Zmer n¸$s H$ê$ZË`m§Zr gm_m{OH$ H$m`m©g ñdV:bm OmoSy>Z KoVbo. Vo _hmË_m \w$bo `m§À`m gËèmoYH$MidirMo {Zð>mdmZ H$m ©H$V} ~Zbo. "_amR>m Eo³¶oÀNy> gôÀ`m' g§ñWmnH$m§n¡H$s VoEH$ hmoVo. _amR>m àm°pìhS§>Q> \§$S>, aËZm{Jar {OëømVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo Xþ…I{ZdmaUH$aUmar g^m, ZmamÙ _oKmOr bmoI§So> `m§Zr ñWmnZ Ho$boë`m "~m°å~o {_b h°ÝS²gAgmo{gEeZ' BË`mXr g§ñWm§er Vo g§~§{YV hmoVo. Jwéd © Ho$iygH$a CÎm_ g§KQ>H$Am{U _mJ©Xe©H$ Agë`m_wio VËH$mbrZ gm_m{OH$ MidirV Ë`m§Mm dmda A{YH$MdmT>V Jobm. Jmo_§VH$ _amR>m g_mO, Y_m©Or amoH$So> _mo\$V dmMZmb`, Ý`m{`H$_amR>m _§S>i. Zr{VàgmaH$ _§S>i, gmoeb gpìh©g brJ, godmgXZ gmogm`Q>r, ~wÕgmogm`Q>r, _amR>r J«§W g§J«hmb` BË`mXr g§ñWm§er Ë`m§Mm H¥${Verb g§~§Y hmoVm.Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§Zr ghH$mar g§ñWm d nVnoT>çm§À`m ñWmnZoVhr _hÎdmMm gh^mJKoVbm. bmoH$m§_Ü o A§YlÕm, OmXÿQ>moUm, M_ËH$ma, Ym{_©H$ H$_©H$m§So> `m§Mo _mOboboñVmo_ H$_r H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr AZoH$ {R>H$mUr ì`m»`mZo XoD$Z à~moYZmMoH$m_ Ho$bo.

Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§Zr Am wî`â d«VñWnUo boIZ H$ê$Z àM§S> J«§Wg§nXm {Z_m©UH$ê$Z R>odbr. `m_Ü o Jm¡V_ ~wÕmMo M[aÌ, N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamO `m§Mo M[aÌ,g§V VwH$mam_m§Mo M[aÌ Aem AZoH$ M[aÌm§Mo boIZ Ho$bo Amho. m~amo~aM Cn{ZfXm§Mo^mfm§Va, \«$mÝgMm OwZm B{Vhmg, gmW© gQ>rH$ lr_X²^JdX²JrVm, Zr{V~moY_mbm I§S>1 Vo 4 hr Ë`m§Mr _hÎdmMr J«§Wg§nXm Amho.

Ho$iygH$am§À`m gd©M boIZmV EH$ ñdV§Ì d¡Mm[aH$ Ñï>r Agë`mMo àË``mgoVo. {df`{ZdS>rnmgyZ Vo J«§W{Z{_©Vrn ªV Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m y{_Ho$er H$Yrhr VS>OmoS>

Ho$ë`mMo {XgV Zmhr. Amnë`mbm Amnbm g_mO AmYw{ZH$ H$amd`mMm Amho `mMo^mZ Ë`m§À`mVrb boIH$mbm gVV Agë`mMo OmUdVo. m J§ ra d¡Mm[aH$ Ñ{ï>H$moUmVyZMË`m§Zr {edM[aÌmMo boIZ Ho$bo Agë`mMo {XgyZ oVo.

1895 gmbr JmoqdXamd H¥$îUamd Xidr `m§Zr "_amR>m àm°pìhS§>Q> \§$S'> hrg§ñWm gwê$ Ho$br. Jwéd © Ho$iygH$a `m g§ñWoMo _mJ©Xe©H$ d g„mJma hmoVo. Jar~

(Voam)

pñWVrVrb JaOy bmoH$m§Zm AW©ghmæ` H$aÊ`mgmR>r Xa_hm H$mhrVar {e„H$ Q>mH$Ê`mMrgd` bmoH$m§Zm bmJmdr hm `m \§$S> ñWmnZonmR>r_mJMm hoVy hmoVm. _amR>m àm°pìhS§>Q>\§$S> `m g§ñWoZo Jar~ {dÚmÏ`mªZm {ejUmgmR>r _XV H$ê$Z AZoH$m§Mo g§gma C^oHo$bo. `m g§ñWoV gd© OmVrY_m©À`m bmoH$m§Zm _wº$ àdoe hmoVm. `m \§$S>mMo MmbH$JmoqdXamd H¥$îUamd Xidr `m§Zm {edM[aÌ {b{hbo Omdo Ago dmQ>V hmoVo. na§Vw,Ë`m§Zm Aënm wî` bm^ë`m_wio hm g§H$ën {gÕrg OmD$ eH$bm Zmhr. _mÌ \§$S>mÀ`mgd© bmoH$m§Zm \§$S>m_m\©$V {edM[aÌ à{gÕ H$aÊ`mMr Vrd« BÀN>m hmoVr. ho M[aÌJwéd © Ho$iygH$am§{edm` H$moUrhr {bhÿ eH$Uma Zmhr, Agohr Ë`m§Zm dmQ>V hmoVo.1903 gmbr XmOrgmho~ Xidr Am{U am_M§Ð C\©$ Am~mgmho~ Xidr `m§Zr Jwéd ©Ho$iygH$am§Zm {edM[aÌ {b{hÊ`mMm AmJ«h Yabm. Jwéd © Ho$iygH$a Ë`m H$mirgm§gm[aH$ AS>MUt_wio Am{W©H$ AS>MUrVyZ OmV hmoVo. Ë`m§Mm ~amM doi ZmoH$ar{edm`ImOJr {eH$dÊ`m§_Ü o OmV hmoVm. Ë`m_wio ho M[aÌ {gÕ H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm nwaogmdoi d ñdñWVm {_iUo XþamnmñV hmoVo. _amR>m àm°pìhS§>Q> \§$S>mÀ`m g§MmbH$m§Zr `mVyZ_mJ© H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§Zm Xa_hm 20 én`mMr a¸$_ H$Om©D$ XoÊ`mMoR>abo. `mnmR>r_mJMm Ë`m§Mm hoVy Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§Zr ImOJr {eH$dÊ`m ~§X H$ê$ZVmo gd© doi {edM[aÌ boIZmÀ`m H$m_mg Úmdm Agm hmoVm. Ho$iygH$am§Zr Ë`mà_mUoImOJr {eH$dÊ`m ~§X H$ê$Z M[aÌboIZmMo H$m_ gwê$ Ho$bo. KaÀ`m AZ§V AS>MUrAgyZgwÕm Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§Zr M[aÌboIZmMo H$m_ gbJ VrZ df} gd© CnbãYgmYZm§Mm Aä`mg H$ê$Z nyU© Ho$bo Am{U "j{Ì` Hw$bmdV§g N>ÌnVr {edmOr_hmamO `m§Mo M[aÌ' hm J«§W {gÕ Pmbm. _amR>m àm°pìhS§>Q> \§$S>mÀ`m MmbH$m§ZrAmnë`m \§$S>mVrb lr {edmOr d {dÚmàgmaH$ m ImË`m§À`m V\}$ _w§~B©À`m {ZU© gmJaN>mnImÝ`mVyZ ho {edM[aÌ 1907 gmbr àH$m{eV Ho$bo. 597 n¥ð>mÀ`m m nwñVH$mMrqH$_V \$º$ XrS> én`m R>odÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr. Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§Zr hm J«§W H$moëhmnyaMoN>ÌnVr emhÿ _hmamO m§Zm An©U Ho$bobm Amho. N>. emhÿ _hmamOm§Zr Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§ZrHo$boë`m `m Eo{Vhm{gH$ H$m_m~Ôb àe§gm H$ê$Z é. 1000/- Mo ~jrg {Xbo dnwñVH$mÀ`m 500 àVr {dH$V KoVë`m. `m~amo~aM lr_§V ~mnygmho~ H$mJbH$a d_hmamOm g`mOramOo Jm`H$dmS> m§Zr 200 àVr {dH$V KoD$Z m J«§WmdaMo Amnbo ào_ì`º$ Ho$bo. `m J«§WmMr qH$_V AË`ën Agë`m_wio g_mOmVrb gd© ñVam_Ü o hm J«§W

(Mm¡Xm)

ghO nmohmoMmdm Aer gdmªMrM Anojm hmoVr. Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§Zr `m J«§WmMr aMZmH$ê$Z Ho$bobo H$m © _hÎdnyU© Am{U Ë`m§À`m ì`mg§JmMo Xe©Z KS>dUmao Amho.

Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§nydu {edmOr _hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ H$m {b{hbo Jobo Zmhr m~m~V{d{dY VH©$ g§^dVmV. Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§Zr Amnë`m àñVmdZoVhr hm àý CnpñWVHo$bobm Amho. "Á`m àm¡T> àVmn dra_UrZo ñdXoemg ñdmV§Í` {_idyZ XoÊ`mMo gwèg§nm{Xbo Ë`m§Mo g{dñVa M[aÌ {b{hÊ`mMr ñ\y$Vu H$moUmbmhr hmoD$ Z o `mg H$m`åhUmdo?' hm Ho$iygH$am§Mm àý A{YH$ J§^ra d {dMma H$amd`mg bmdUmam Amho.Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§Zr \$º$ àý CnpñWV Ho$bm Zmhr Va àË`j {edM[aÌ boIZmMoH$m © hmVr KoD$Z _hmamï´>mVrb B{VhmgH$mam§À`m d g§emoYZmÀ`m joÌmV ñdV:MmR>gm {Z_m©U Ho$bm. `m M[aÌ boIZmMm CÔoe Ë`m§Zr àñVmdZoV ñnï> Ho$bm Amho. VoåhUVmV, "_hmamï´>mVrb EH$XmoZ {dÛmZ J¥hñW {edmOr _hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ {b{hVAmhoV Ago H$ië`mdê$Z d Ho$gar nÌH$mamH$So> {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m ñ_maH$mgmR>rgZ 1895 nmgyZ O_m hmoV Agboë`m hOmamo én`m§n¡H$s WmoS>çmem aH$_oMm {d{Z`moJ_hmamOm§Mo EImXo M[aÌ {bhdyZ N>mnÊ`mH$So> KoD$Z Vo gd© bmoH$m§g p¼ñVrY_©nwñVH$mà_mUo AJXr Aën qH$_Vrg {dH$V {_iÊ`mMm moJ oB©b Ago dmQ>ë`mdéZ(Ho$iygH$am§Zr) ho H$m_ hmVr KoVbo Zmhr. na§Vw nwT>o 6-7 dfmªn ªV øm {dÛmZm§H$Sy>ZEImXo M[aÌ à{gÕ hmoB©Zm d Ho$garH$mamH$So> O_bobr a¸$_ VerM nSy>Z am{hbrAgo nmhÿZ AmnU Var Amnë`m eº$sà_mUo gm§àV AZwHy$b Agboë`m _m{hVrMmAmYma KoD$Z {edam`m§Mo M[aÌ {b{hÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$amdm d na_{à` {_ÌmMmgXþÔoe {gÕrg Ý`mdm.' `m Ë`m§À`m àñVmdZoVrb {ddoMZmdê$Z Vo M[aÌmH$So> H$godibo `mMr _m{hVr Va {_iVoM nU Ë`m~amo~aM Ho$iygH$am§Mr _m{hVrMm AmYmaKoD$Z {edM[aÌ {b{hÊ`mMr ^y{_H$mhr Amnë`mg_moa oVo. Xþgè`m Amd¥ÎmrÀ`màñVmdZoV Vo {b{hVmV, " {edmOr _hmamOm§g§~§YrMm A{^_mZ MmohmoH$So> OmJ¥VhmoD$Z Ë`m§À`m ZmdmMm gd©Ì OÒ`H$ma hmoD$ bmJbm, Voìhm AmnUhr ñdgm_Ï`m©Zwê$n`m OÒ`H$mamV Aënñdën â Kmbmdr' Aem CÔoemZo àñVwV boIH$mZo hmM[aÌboIZmMm IQ>mQ>mon Ho$bm hmoVm. {edam`m§Zm bKwËd d d¡JwÊ` AmUUmao Ago Oo{H$Ë oH$ {ZamYma d {ZaW©H$ àdmX nwîH$i {Xdgm§nmgyZ àM{bV hmoVo Ë`m§Mr AgË`Vm`mo½` nwamì`m{Zer ñWm{nV H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ë`m§Zr Ho$bm hmoVm. `m {ZdoXZmVyZ

(n§Yam)

Jwéd © Ho$iygH$a AmnU H$arV Agbobm IQ>mQ>mon Aä`mgnyU©arË`m d nwamì`m{ZerH$aV AmhmoV mMr ImÌr XoVmV. m~amo~aM Amnbm boIZ CÔoe g{dñVa gm§JVmZmM[aÌmÀ`m eodQ>r Vo {b{hVmV, "{edmOr _hmamOm§{df`r _hmamï´>mV qH$~hþZm ApIb^aVI§S>mV Omo A{^_mZ gm§àVH$mir OmJ¥V Pmbm Amho Vmo bmoH$m§À`m _ZmV H$m`_amhÿZ Ë`mO{df`rMr `WmW© ~wÕr gd© bmoH$m§À`m _ZmV dgmdr. _hmamOm§Mo gmÚ§VM[aÌ AdbmoH$Z Ho$ë`mdmMyZ hr ~wÕr H$m`_ amhUo eŠ` Zmhr. Ë`m§Mo XohmdgZhmoD$Z AmO 225 df} bmoQ>br AmhoV BVŠ`m AdH$memV Ë`m§Mm M[aÌ_{h_m AZoH$JÚnÚmË_H$ J«§WmV J«§{Wbm Amho. AZoH$ dZr d wamonr` J«§WH$mam§Zr Ë`m§À`m{df`r`Wm~w{Õ C„oI Ho$bo AmhoV; Ë`mà_mUo Vo AmO H$sVuê$nmZo A_a hmoD$Z am{hboAmhoV; na§Vw Ë`m§Mo Vo H$sVuVoO EH$m H|$ÐmV AmUyZ Ë`m§Mm dmñV{dH$ à^md {H$VrAmho d Vo H$b§H${_{lV {H$Vr Amho, Ago Oo {H$Ë oH$m§Mo åhUUo Amho, Ë`mV {H$VrgoVÏ` Amho ho Ë`m§Mo g_J« M[aÌ H$WZ H$ê$Z AmOn ªV H$moUrhr XmIdÊ`mMm à`ËZHo$bm ZìhVm Vmo àH¥$V boIH$mZo Wm_Vr d Wmeº$s Ho$bm Amho.' Jwéd © Ho$iygH$a`m§À`m `m {ZdoXZmVyZ M[aÌ boIZmMo H$m © Ë`m§Zr H$m hmVr KoVbo `mMo ~iH$Q>ñnï>rH$aU Amnë`mg_moa oVo.

Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§Zr {b{hbobo ho {edM[aÌ 32 àH$aUm§_Ü o {d^mJboboAmho. `m àH$aUm§Mr {df`mZwê$n _m§S>Ur Imbrbà_mUo H$aVm oB©b.

1){edam`m§Mr OS>UKS>U

2)_hmamOm§Mr amOH$s` H$maH$sX©

3)_wbH$s d bîH$ar àemgZ ì`dñWm

4){edam`m§Mr amOZrVr d JwU{deof

`m gd© M[aÌJ«§WmV Jwéd © Ho$iygH$a CnbãY _m{hVrMm `Wmgm§J Aä`mgH$ê$Z gË`mÀ`m Odi nmohmoMÊ`mMm Amnë`m narZo à`ËZ H$aVmV. Á`m J«§WH$mamZo{edmOr _hmamOm§À`m OrdZH$m`m©Mm AÝd`mW© bmdVmZm Oo EH$m§Jr {Xem^yb H$aUmaoAmH$bZ _m§S>bo hmoVo, Ë`m~m~V nwamì`m§gh gË` dmMH$m§g_moa R>odUo hm hoVy Jwéd ©Ho$iygH$am§Zr _ZmV ~miJbobm hmoVm. {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m H$V¥©ËdmMo dñVw{Zð>`Wm`mo½` _yë`_mnZ ìhmdo hr Ë`m§Mr _Zñdr BÀN>m hmoVr. Ë`m§Mr ^y{_H$m ñdV§Ì d

(gmoim)

emór` hmoVr ho Ë`m§À`mM {ZdoXZmdê$Z {XgVo. Vo åhUVmV, "B{Vhmg {b{hVmZmgË`mMmM Adb§~ H$amd`mMm AgVmo _J Vmo H$moUmbm {demX H$aUmam Agmo qH$dmAmZ§X H$aUmam Agmo, Ë`mMr {jVr gË`{à` B{VhmgH$mamZo H$Xm{nhr ~miJVmH$m_m Z o, Ë`mZo gË`mMo àH$meZ d g_W©Z {~ZYmoH$nUo Ho$bo nm{hOo.' `m Ë`m§À`m^y{_Ho$bm Vo gVV àm_m{UH$ am{hbobo AmhoV. Ë`m§Zr B{VhmgH$ma qH$Ho$S> `m§Mo _VCX²Y¥V H$ê$Z {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m g§~§YmZo B{VhmgH$mamZo {H$Vr AÝ`m` Ho$bmAmho ho Xe©{dbobo Amho. {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m g§X^m©V CnbãY AgUmè`m {d{dYgmYZm§Mm, _V_Vm§Vam§Mm WmVÏ` {dMma H$ê$Z VQ>ñW, {Z…nj gË` {ZU©` H$aUmamM[aÌH$ma {edmOr _hmamOmg bm^bm Zmhr `m~Ôb Jwéd © Ho$iygH$a I§V ì`º$H$aVmV. AmnU hmVr KoVbobr H$m_{Jar `WmpñWV hmoUo eŠ` Zmhr `mMo H$maUAmnU _hmamï´>r`dmgr AgyZ {edmOr _hmamOm§Mo nyU© A{^_mZr Agë`mZo ho hmoUmaZmhr Aer H$~wbrhr Vo XoVmV.

Ho$iygH$am§Zr {edmOr _hmamOm§Mo ho M[aÌ {b{hV AgVmZm gd© gmYZm§Mrgyú_ {M{H$Ëgm H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mr {dœgZr`Vm, J«mømJ«møVm R>adÊ`mMm à`ËZ Wm_Vr`Wmeº$s Ho$bobm Amho. {edmOr _hmamOm§da d _amR>çm§À`m B{Vhmgmda Xoer{dXoerB{VhmgH$ma, g§emoYH$, boIH$, H$dr AmXtZr {b{hboë`m gd© Eo{Vhm{gH$ gmYZm§MrË`m§Zr gImob nmaI Ho$ë`mMo Ë`m§À`m J«§WmVrb ViQ>rnm§dê$Z Amnë`m àË``mgoVo. {ed{Xp½dO`, _amR>r gm_«mÁ`mMr ~Ia, {MÌJwámMr ~Ia, ehmOramOm§Mr

H¡${\$`V, dZr ~Ia , g^mgXmMr ~Ia, {MQ>{Ugm§Mr ~Ia, _ëhmaamdH¥$V ~Ia,OoYo eH$mdar, eoS>JmdH$am§Mr ~Ia, hZw_§Vñdm_rH¥$V ~Ia, àmo. OXþZmW gaH$mam§MoAm¡a§JOo~ M[aÌ, {edM[aÌ, J«±Q> S>\$Mm _amR>rMm B{Vhmg, _moS>H$ m§Mm A{XbemhrMmB{Vhmg, {_. qH$Ho$S>H¥$V _amR>çm§Mm B{Vhmg, {d. H$m. amOdmSo> {bpIV _amR>çm§À`mB{VhmgmMr gmYZo, Q>m°S>Mm amOñWmZMm B{Vhmg, E_ {dëH$sOH¥$V åh¡gyaMm B{Vhmg,S>m°. {\«$Aa ~{Z©Aa, Am°Zu `m§Mo boIZ, B§J«Or ì`mnmè`m§Mm nÌì`dhma, AÝ`naXoer àdmem§Mo H$mJXnÌ, Amb_Jra Zm_m, _m{ga-B©-Amb_Jra , VmarI-B©-{edmOr, ~gmVrZ-B©-gbmVrZ AmXr J«§W Am{U H$m\$sImZ, am.~.nmagZrg,Jmo.H$m.Mm§XmoaH$a, Jmo.{M.^mQ>o, [a`mgVH$ma XogmB© BË`mXr gmYZm§Mm gImob Aä`mgJwéd © Ho$iygH$am§Zr H$ê$Z Ë`mMm dmna `m {edM[aÌ boIZmV Ho$bobm Amho.

(gVam)

¾ÖÖµÖ 652-2

Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§Zr CnbãY boIZmMr {M{H$Ëgm H$arV AgVmZm gË`m{edmÀÝ` H$emghr PwH$Vo _mn {Xbobo Zmhr. Ë`m§Zr ga OXþZmW gaH$ma, B{VhmgH$ma{d. H$m. amOdmSo> BË`mXtÀ`m boIZmMr {ZûS> {M{H$Ëgm H$ê$Z Z nQ>Umar _Vo dboIZ {ZH$mbmV H$mT>bo Amho. am_Xmgm§Mo M[aÌH$WZ H$aUmè`m hZw_mZñdm_rÀ`m~Iarbm {M{H$ËgoÀ`m EoaUrda R>odyZ gà_mU {ZH$mbmV H$mT>bo Amho. ho H$aVAgVmZm `Wm`mo½` ViQ>rnm {Xë`m AgyZ Ë`m_Üò Vnerb, _V, nwamdo Zm|XdyZË`mVrb `mo½` A`mo½` R>adVmZm B{VhmgboIZmÀ`m emór` nÕVrMm Jm§^r`m©ZoCn`moJ Ho$bm Amho. Xþgè`m Amd¥ÎmrÀ`m àñVmdZoV ga OXþZmW gaH$ma {bpIV{edM[aÌmMm AmnUm§g Iyn Cn`moJ Pmbm Ago gm§JyZ Vo {b{hVmV, "`m gdmª_Üò~§JmbMo gwà{gÕ B{VhmgH$ma àmo. OXþZmW gaH$ma `m§Mo F$U \$maM _moR>o Amho.{edam`m§À`m M[aÌmg§~§YrMr Or _m{hVr AmOn`ªV AZwnbãY hmoVr. Vr `m {dÛmZB{VhmgH$mamÀ`m ñVwË` namH«$_m_wio B§J«Or dmMH$m§g Ë`m§Zr {b{hboë`m {edM[aÌmÀ`mAmYmao CnbãY Pmbr Amho.' àmo. OXþZmW gaH$ma `m§Mo F$U ì`º$ H$ê$Z Ë`m§À`m_`m©Xm Zm|XdÊ`mghr Vo {dgaV ZmhrV. Vo {b{hVmV, "`dZr ~IaH$mam§À`mAmYmamdaM _w»`V: {^ñV R>odë`m_wio Am_À`m Xoer B{Vhmg boIH$m§À`mhr _ZmMrH$er AdñWm hmoVo ho AbrH$So> àmo. OXþZmW gaH$ma `m§Zr Oo {edmOr _hmamOm§MoM[aÌ B§p½be ^mfoV {b{hbo Amho Vo dmMë`mda Ü`mZmV òB©b. Vo qhXr J¥hñWAgyZ nmaer ^mfoV nma§JV AmhoV. Ë`m§Zr OwÝ`m nmaer J«§Wm§Mo AdbmoH$Z H$ê$Z_m|Jbm§À`m B{VhmgmMr d {deofV: Am¡a§JOo~mÀ`m gJù`m H$maH$sXuMr ~arM_m{hVr {_idbr Amho. d Vr Am¡a§JOo~mÀ`m M[aÌmMo Mma ^mJ B§J«OrV {bhÿZà{gÕ Ho$br Amho. {edmOr _hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ Ë`mZo {b{hbo Amho Vo Ho$di _m|Jbr~mXehm§À`m X{jUoVrb MidirMo EH$ CnH$WmZH$ åhUyZ {b{hbo Jobo Amho. VodmMVmZm Ë`m H$miÀ`m H$moUr `dZ J«§WH$mamZo Vo {b{hbo Amho H$m` Agm ^mghmoVmo. àmo. gaH$mam§Zr øm M[aÌboImV OmJmoOmJ `dZr J«§WH$mam§Mm AZwdmX H$ê$Z_hmamOm§À`m g§~§YmZo AZwXmaVoMo d AgË`_` C„oI Ho$bo Amho.' Ho$iygH$am§ZrAem àH$mao {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m M[aÌm{df`r CnbãY Agboë`m gd© boIZmMm`Wm`mo½` Aä`mg H$ê$Z gË` AgUmè`m VnerbmMmM Amnë`m M[aÌboIZmgCn`moJ Ho$bobm Amho. {dn`m©ñVd AZ¡{Vhm{gH$ _m{hVrMm g_mMmahr KoÊ`mg Vo{dgabobo ZmhrV. XmXmoOr H$m|S>Xod m§Zr {edmOr _hmamO m§À`m ñdamÁ` ñWmnZoÀ`m

(AR>am)

à`ËZmg gVV {damoY Ho$bm Am{U {edmOr _hmamO Amnbo EoH$V ZmhrV AerVH«$ma ehmOr_hmamOm§H$So> AZoH$doim Ho$br hmoVr. hohr Ho$iygH$a Zm|XdyZ R>odVmV.g§V am_Xmgm§À`m JwénXm~Ôb Or _m§S>m_m§S> AZoH$ boIH$m§Zr Ho$br Ë`m~m~VhrJwéd`© Ho$iygH$am§Zr Amnbr ^y{_H$m ñnï>nUo _m§S>bobr {XgVo. m~amo~aM "_hmamï´>Y_©' `m g§H$ënZo~m~Vhr Ho$iygH$am§Zr Amnbr _Vo ñnï>nUo _m§S>bobr AmhoV."_hmamï´> Y_©' `m gm_m{gH$ nXmMm AW© _hmamï´>mVrb bmoH$m§Mm Y_© Agm AgmdmAgo Ho$iygH$am§Zm dmQ>Vo. Aem gd©M nwamì`m§~m~V Jwéd`© Ho$iygH$a XjVoZogË`mOdi nmohmoMÊ`mMr gd© I~aXmar Amnë`m J«§WmV KoVmV. naH$s` B{VhmgH$ma,ñdH$s` B{VhmgH$ma `m§À`m boIZmMr `WmW© {M{H$Ëgm H$ê$Z {Z:njnmVrnUo{edmOr _hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ {gÕ H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmV.

{edmOr _hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ {b{hV AgVmZm Ho$iygH$am§Zr CnbãY _m{hVrMrgIm ob {M{H$Ëgm Va H o $br Amh oM. Ë`m~am o~aM `Wm`m o ½` emór`B{VhmgboIZnÕVrMm A§JrH$ma Ho$bobm Amho. Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§Zr ho M[aÌ Á`mH$mbI§S>mV {b{hbo Ë`m H$mbI§S>mV CnbãY AgUmè`m H$mJXnÌm§À`m AmYmaoË`m§Zr hmVr KoVbobo {edM[aÌ {gÕ H$aUo H«$_àmá hmoVo. ZdZdo nwamdo emoYÊ`mBVnVMmAdYr Ë`m§À`mOdi CnbãY hmoVmM Ago Zmhr. Varhr Wmeº$s Ë`m§Zr ho {edM[aÌ{ZXm}f ìhmdo åhUyZ à`ËZ Ho$bobo AmhoV. ho M[aÌ {gÕ H$aUo EH$ AmìhmZ hmoVo,Varhr `m d«VñW g§emoYH$mZo ho AmìhmZ g_W©nUo nobbobo Amho. _hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ{bhrV AgVmZm EH$m§Jr {MÌUmbm Ë`m§Zr \$mQ>m {Xbobm Amho. _hmamOm§Mm Ë`m§Zrì`º$s åhUyZ emoY KoVbm AgyZ Ë`m_Ü o A{Ve`moº$s, ì`{º$_hmËå`, X¡dVrH$aUoUma Zmhr `mMr OmUrdnyd©H$ I~aXmar KoVbr Amho. wº$sdmX H$aVmZm Amnbr

Vm{H©$H$Vm nUmg bmdbr Amho. AË §V gmÜ`m gmoß`m ^mfoV {b{hbobo ho M[aÌ _amR>rM[aÌboIZmÀ`m B{VhmgmV _mZX§S> R>abo Amho. Ago Agbo Var Jwéd © Ho$iygH$a`m§À`m M[aÌmMr Wm`mo½` XIb KoVbr Jobr Ago åhUVm oV Zmhr. AmOda Ë`m§À`mgd©M boIZmMr CnojmM Pmbr. Ë`m§À`m `m CnojoMo g_mOemó emoYUo hr gwÕmAmOÀ`m H$mimMr JaO Amho. EH$ _mÜ`{_H$ {ejH$ Amnë`m Am wî`mVrb EH${hñgm \$º$ M[aÌboIZmg XoVmo Am{U n[al_nyd©H$ {edM[aÌ {gÕ H$aVmo hr Ho$diAbm¡{H$H$ Jmoï> Amho. B{VhmgmV Ë`m§Mr Cnojm Pmbr Agbr Var CÚmÀ`m B{VhmgH$mam§ZmJwéd © Ho$iygH$a `m§Zm dmQ> nwgVM nwT>o Omdo bmJUma Amho.

(EH$moUrg)

N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamO m§Mo M[aÌ _hmamï>mVrb gm_mÝ` OZVogh B{VhmgH$mad gm{hpË`H$m§Zm Zoh_rM AmñWoMo d Hw$VyhbmMo dmQ>V Ambo Amho. `mVyZM AZoH$^maVr` B{VhmgH$ma d gm{hpË`H$m§À`m boIUrVyZ N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamOm§{df`r^maVr` mfm§_Ü`o boIZ hmoV Ambobo Amho. mMdoir nmümÎ` B{Vhmg g§emoYH$m§Zmd _Ü``wJrZ g_mO Aä`mgH$m§Zmhr N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamO `m§Mo H$m`©, H$mi dH$V¥©Ëd `m{df`r AmoT> {Z_m©U Pmbobr Amho. ^maVmVrb Bñbm_r amOdQ>rÀ`m{eaH$mdmnmgyZ B§J«Or gÎmoÀ`m pñWarH$aUmn`ªVMm _Ü``wJrZ ^maVmMm B{Vhmg hm_moR>çm g§Kfm©Mm Am{U namH«$_mMm Amho. _amR>çm§À`m B{VhmgmV N>ÌnVr {edmOr_hmamO m§Mo OrdZ Am{U M[aÌ ho Ho$di namH«$_mMoM Zìho Va Ë`m§À`m OrdZmVrb`moJm`moJ, Ë`m§Mm AVwb namH«$_, Ë`m§À`m OrdZmVrb X¡dr M_ËH$ma, Am{U eÌybmhrAM§{~V H$aUmam Ë`m§À`m ì`{º$_ÎdmMm à^md `m§Zr ^abobo Amho Ago AgboVar; N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m ì`{º$JV OrdZmH$So> nmhVmZm Ë`m§À`m R>m`rAgUmar AÝ`m`mg à{VH$ma H$aÊ`mMr d¥Îmr, Ë`m§Mr Z¡{VH$Vm d Ý`m`~wÕr, àOm,{_Ì Am{U ghH$mè`m§{df`r Ë`m§À`m _ZmVrb AmË_r`Vm, AmB© {OOmD$ d Ë`m§À`m_ZmV AgUmar {ó`m§{df`rMr AmXa~wÕr, Ë`m§À`mVrb _mZdr` JwUm§_wio gmh{OH$MH$moUrhr Ë`m§À`mH$So> AmH${f©V hmoVmo. {_Ì, àOm d ñdY_u` bmoH$m§~amo~aM Ë`m§ZrVËH$mbrZ naY_u` d _wñbr_ bmoH$m§{df`r ~miJbobr g{hîUwVm `m d AemAZoH$ H$maUm§Zr N>ÌnVtMo OrdZ AmOhr bmoH$m§À`m d OZgm_mÝ`m§À`m AmXamgnmÌ Amho.

N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m OrdZmH$So> ào[aV hmoD$Z _amR>r_Ü o {edmOr_hmamOm§Mr AZoH$ M[aÌo {b{hbr Jobr AmhoV. `m_Ü o àm_w»`mZo B{VhmgH$mam§Zr{b{hbobr M[aÌo d gm{hpË`H$m§Zr {b{hbobr M[aÌo Ago XmoZ ^mJ H$aVm oVrb. `mXmoZhr M[aÌ boIZmÀ`m àH$mam_Ü o gË` Am{U H$pënV Aem XmoZ y{_H$m nhmd`mg{_iVmV. mVrb n{hë`m àH$mam_Ü o Eo{Vhm{gH$ gË`, B{VhmgmMr gmYZo, H$m{bH$nwamdo `m§Mr dñVw{Zð>Vm _hÎdmMr AgVo d Ë`mà_mUo `m M[aÌmMo boIZ dmMZAno{jV AgVo. M[aÌ boIZmÀ`m Xþgè`m àH$mam_Ü o Eo{Vhm{gH$ dmñVdmÀ`m AmYmaoH$pënV-dmñVd åhUyZ M[aÌo {b{hbr Jobr AmhoV. Aem M[aÌm§Mr _amR>r gm{hË`mV_moR>r g§»`m AmT>iVo. mV H$mì`mË_H$ M[aÌo, H$mX§~ar_` M[aÌo, ZmQ>ç_` M[aÌo d

(drg)

a§OH$ d bmoH${à` hmoÊ`mgmR>r {b{hbobr M[aÌo _amR>r gm{hË`mV àM§S> AmhoV.Aem M[aÌm§Mm g_mOmgmR>r d àË`j B{VhmgmgmR>r YmoH$m hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm AgVo.Aem M[aÌm§_wio {Z_m©U Pmbobo dmX d {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m ì`{º$JV OrdZm{df`rdmXio {Z_m©U hmoÊ`mMo àH$ma AbrH$So>, _hmamï´>mV Pmë`mMr CXmhaUo AmnUmgkmV AmhoV. _amR>r gm{hË`mV Aem {edM[aÌm§Mo boIZ H$ê$Z à{gÕr d ñQ>§Q>H$aÊ`mMo CÚmoJ AZoH$ boIH$m§Zr H$ê$Z ñdV:g {edemhra, {edg§emoYH$,B{VhmgVÁk dJ¡ao nXì`m§Zr Jm¡a{dbo Amho. n[aUm_V: Aem {edM[aÌm§À`m boIZm_wioIao {edmOr _hmamO d Ë`m§Mm {edH$mb dñVwpñWVrnmgyZ H$mogmo Xÿa Joë`m_wiooUmè`m {nT>rnwT>o {edM[aÌm{df`rÀ`m g§^«_mV dmT> hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm {XgVo Amho.

Aem {edM[aÌm§Mm AmUIr EH$ YmoH$m åhUOo N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamOm§Zm {d{eï>OmVrY_m©Mo ~ZdUo, {d{eï> OmVrY_m©gmR>rM Ë`m§Zr Amnbo OrdZ g_{n©V Ho$bo AgoàMmaH$s boIZ H$aUo hm CÚmoJ gm{hpË`H$ {edM[aÌH$mam§Zr Ho$ë`mMo OmUdVo. Aemgm{hpË`H$ {edM[aÌmÀ`m VwbZoZo Eo{Vhm{gH$ gË`mda AmYmabobr {edM[aÌo AË`ënAgë`mZo d gË`mYm[aV {edM[aÌm§Mm {deof ~mob~mbm Z Pmë`mZo a§OH$ gm{hË`{b{hUmè`m {edM[aÌm§Zr g_mOmV g§ «_ {Z_m©U hmoÊ`mbm IVnmUr KmVbo Amho.

`m gdm©À`m nmœ©^y_rda lr. H¥$îUamd AOw©Z Ho$iygH$am§Zr {b{hbobo ho g§{já{edM[aÌ H$m _hÎdmMo R>aVo `m{df`r H$mhr _Vo _m§S>Vm oVrb. AmOÀ`m Amnë`mEHy$UM amOH$s`, gm_m{OH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ n`m©daUmV {edmOr _hmamO `m§Mo H$m ©H$mb~mø Pmbobo Zmhr; Va Ë`m {dMmam§Mr `WmW©Vm A{YH$M àH$fm©Zo OmUdVoAmho. gm_m{OH$ _yë`m§Mr IwboAm_ hmoV Agbobr nm`_ëbr, gÎmoMm Am{U nXmMmA{VaoH$s hì`mg, EH$ Xoe åhUyZ, EH$ amîQ>´ åhUyZ g_J«VoÀ`m {dMmamMo Xþ{^©ú¶,naamîQ>´ZrVrMm gmdimJm|Yi, gmam g_mO ImOJrH$aU, CXmarH$aU Am{UOmJ{VH$sH$aUmÀ`m ZmdmImbr ^`J«ñV H$aUo, ~mobÊ`mV Am{U H¥$VrV _hX²§VaAgUo, gÎmoÀ`m hì`mgmnmoQ>r OmVr Y_mª_Yrb VoT> dmT>{dUo, OmUrdnyd©H$ g_mOmbmqhgoÀ`m ImB©V bmoQy>Z XoUo, {ó`m§Zm Ho$di EH$ Cn^moJmMr dñVy _mZUo, Ë`m§À`merbmMr Am{U nm{dÍ`mMr {dQ>§~Zm H$aUo, H$moUË`mhr àH$maMm {d{Y{ZfoY Z ~miJVmñdV:À`m ~oO~m~Xma H¥$Ë`mMo d¥Wm g_W©Z H$aUo, {dMmamMr bT>mB© eómZo g§n{dÊ`mMmà`ËZ H$aUo, àg§Jr {dMmad§VmbmM g§n{dUo, OZVobm {Xbobr AmídmgZo gmo rñH$anUo

(EH$drg)

{dgaUo, Iè`m B{VhmgmMo X_Z H$ê$Z ImoQ>m B{Vhmg g_mOmV ÑT> H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZH$aUo hr Aer g§doXZerb _mUgmbm AñdñW H$aUmar `mXr AmOÀ`m dV©_mZdmñVdmV dmT>VoM Amho. mMm n[aUm_ Amnë`m g_mOì`dñWoda AWm©VM A{Ve`KmVH$ hmoD$ bmJë`mMo {MÌ àH$fm©Zo {Xgy bmJbo Amho. _mUgm_mUgm§_Ü o Ambobrg§doXZeyÝ`Vm, g§dmXhrZVm, `J«ñVVm, EH$Q>onUm, nmoaHo$nUm, qMVmJ«ñVVm BË`mXt_wioAmoT>dbobr g_mO{dÝ_wIVm Ago {XemhrZ dmñVdmMo Xe©Z Ho$di XoenmVirdaMZìho; Va OJ^a {Xgy bmJbo Amho. _mUgmÀ`m ì`º$s_Îdmbm n`m©`mZo gmè`mg_mOmbmM mo½` Vr {Xem XoD$ eHo$b Agm _hmnwéf AmnUmg Ho$di B{VhmgmÀ`mnmZm§_Ü oM emoYmdm bmJUma ho dmñVd Amho. Ë`m_wio Aem M[aÌJ«§WmMr COiUrgmVË`mZo H$arV amhUo; hoM Amnë`m AmOÀ`m g_mOmMo ^mJYo` Amho Ago åhQ>boVa Vo dmdJo R>ê$ Z o.

_mZdr ZmVog§~§Y Amnë`m B{VhmgmV H$Yr ZìhVo BVHo$ dV©_mZ dmñVdmVCÜX²dñV hmoD$ KmVbobo AmhoV. `m AZwf§JmZo {edmOramOm§Mo Ë`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb_mUgm§er VgoM Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m g¡Ý`mer, eyadra _mdù`m§er {Z_m©U Ho$bobo ZmVog§~§Ynm{hbo; Va WŠH$ ìhm`bm hmoVo. ào_, _m`m, __Vm, {Oìhmim, H$éUm, nañnam§darbJmT> {dídmg, d¥ÎmrMm {XbXmanUm ho gmao H$mhr {edmOr _hmamOm§Zr {OdmnmS>Onbobo hmoVo. `mMm àË`` `m M[aÌJ§«WmVyZ AmnUmg dma§dma oV amhVmo. AmOMoamOH$maUr AWdm g_mOH$maUr `m§Zr {edmOr _hmamOm§Zr bmI_mobmMr _mUgoH$er emoYbr hmoVr, Ë`m§Mm H$gm gm§^mi Ho$bm hmoVm; ho AmdO©yZ dmMmdo Am{UË`mZwgma dVm©do AgoM ho M[aÌ gm§JVmZm {XgVo. _hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m amîQ´~m§YUrÀ`mH$m_r Oo _mdio g§K{Q>V Ho$bobo hmoVo. Ë`m _mdù`m§À`m {hVmMm {dMma Va Ë`m§ZrHo$bm hmoVmM, nU XoeH$m`mªgmR>r àmUmMr AmhþVr {Xboë`m _mdù`m§À`m Cd©[aVHw$Qw>§~mÀ`m CXa{Zdm©hmMrhr gmo bmdyZ {Xbobr hmoVr. Ë`m§À`m Jar~ Am{U emo{fVm§H$S>onmhÊ`mÀ`m CXma Am{U H$éUmË_H$d¥ÎmrMo AË §V g_n©H$ eãXm§H$Z Ho$iygH$a `m§Zr`m J«§WmV Ho$bo Amho. àOoMo nmbZnmofU H$go H$amdo, {ZgJm©Mo Amnë`m n`m©daUmMoajU H$go H$amdo mMm dñVynmR>M {edmOramOm§Zr Amnë`m H¥$VrCŠVrÀ`mÛmao gm_m{OH$OrdZmV KmbyZ {Xbobm hmoVm. _mUgm§Mr Am{U Amnë`m n`m©daUmMr Ajå`hoigm§S> H$aÊmmè`m g_mOH§$Q>H$m§Zr _hmamÁmm§À`m `m AmMma{dMmam§nmgyZ I{MVM

(~mdrg)

~moY KoÊ`mgmaIm Amho. `mÑîQ>rZohr `m J«§WmMo _mob AmOÀ`m Amnë`m n[ano«ú¶mVI{MVM CëboIZr` Amho, Ago hm M[aÌJ§«W dmMVmZm dmQ>V amhVo.

Ho$iygH$am§Mm hm M[aÌJ§«W dmMVmZm AmUIr EH$ ~m~ gmVË`mZo {dMmamÀ`mH|$ÐñWmZr òV amhVo Am{U Vr åhUOo AmOÀ`m Amnë`m g_mOmbm Vrd«VoZooS>gmdUmao Ym{_©H$ dmñVd. {dkmZ V§ÌkmZmMm àgma OgOgm OJâ hmoD$ bmJbobm

Amho, Am{U `m gmè`m dmñVdmZo EH$àH$maMm IwbonUm, _moH$ionUm, ñdmV§Í`,_mUgmbm bmôb; Aer Anojm PnmQ>çmZo \$mob R>aVo Amho. _. \w$bo, emhÿ_hmamO, S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$a `m Am{U Aem AZoH$ g_mOgwYmaH$m§Zr{Ii{Iiçm Ho$boë`m OmVrY_m©À`m q^Îmr nwÝhm EH$Xm ZH$mo {VVŠ`m g§Hw${MVhmoV AmhoV. Ho$di g§Hw${MVM Zìho; Va _mPmM Y_© loîR> H$gm BVam§Mm Q>mH$mD$H$gm ho g_mO_Zmda gVV q~~dV amhÿZ BVa Y_©{dMmam§Mm Vo H$_mbrMm {VañH$maH$arV AmhoV. `mgmR>r eoH$S>mo {ZanamY bmoH$m§Mo AË`§V Hy«$anUo ~ir KoVbo OmVAmhoV. `m nmíd©^y_rda {edmOr _hmamOm§Mr Y_©ZrVr {Z…g§e` AZwH$aUr` AerMhmoVr. H$maU _hmamOm§Mo ì`pŠV_Îd Xm§{^H$ ZìhVo. ewÕ _Z, gX²dmgZm Am{UgXmMaUmMo g§ñH$ma ~mbnUmnmgyZM Ë`m§À`mda Pmbobo hmoVo. {OOm~mB© `m§ZrhoVyV: ho g§ñH$ma _hmamOm§da Ho$bobo hmoVo. `m g§ñH$mam§Mo nS>gmX Ë`m§À`m g_J«OrdZmda nS>ë`mMo {XgyZ òVmV. {edmOr _hmamOm§Zr Am`wî`â `dZrgÎmo{déÕbT>m {Xbm hmoVm. Ë`m§Mo ^m§S>U Xþï> d Owb_r gÎmoÀ`m {damoYmV hmoVo. Bñbm_Y_m©er ZìhVo, ho AmnU OmUrdnyd©H$ Ü`mZmV KoVbo nm{hOo. `dZm§À`mnyÁ`ñWmZm§g§~§Yrhr {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m _ZmV {VañH$ma AWdm Ûof ZìhVm.`wÕmV gmnS>bobr Hw$amUmMr àV `mo½` Vmo AmXa amIV _wñbr_ g¡{ZH$mH$S>o XoUo,_wñbr_m§À`m n«mW©ZmñWim§Zm BOm Z nmohM{dUo, g¡Ý`mV _maë`m Joboë`m eÌy§À`m{ó`m§Mm `mo½` Vmo _mZ amIUo, eÌy§À`m _¥VXohmMr {dQ>§~Zm Z H$aUo, `Wmgm§JË`m§Mm X\$Z{dYr KS>dyZ AmUUo BVa Y{_©`m§{df`rÀ`m {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m `mH¥$Vr AmOÀ`m Amnë`m VWmH${WV g_mO_mVªS>m§Zr Ym{_©H$ CÀN>mX _m§S>boë`mH$mbI§S>mV Ho$di {dMmaàd¥ÎmM Zìho; Va Ë`mZwgma H¥$Vr H$am`bm ^mJ nmS>Umè`mAmhoV. XodñWmZo d VrW©ñWmZm§Mrhr CÎm_ ì`dñWm Ë`m§Zr bmdyZ {Xbobr hmoVr.{edmOr _hmamOm§Mr Y_©g§~§YmZo CXma~wÕr hmoVr. Y_©doS> Ë`m§À`m R>m`r {~bHw$bZìhVo. hm ~moYhr `m J«§WmÀ`m AZwf§JmZo AmnUmg {ZpíMVM KoVm òVmo.

(Vodrg)

`m M[aÌJ«§WmV {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m amOì`dñWo{df`rMo Ho$iygH$am§Zr {b{hboboàH$aU AmOÀ`m ñd_¾ amÁ`H$Ë`mªZr AmdO©yZ dmMmdo AgoM Amho. AmË_{dídmgJ_mdboë`m, ñdV:Mr Apñ_Vm {dgaboë`m g_mOmg VmR> _mZoZo Cô H$aÊ`mMo ~iXoÊ`mMo bmoH$moÎmaH$m © {edmOr _hmamO `m§Zr Ho$bobo hmoVo. Amnbr amOì`dñWoMr{H$Vr aoIrd KS>r ~g{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ {edmOr _hmamOm§Zr Ho$bobm hmoVm Am{U Ë`mVVo H$go èñdr Pmbobo hmoVo ho nm{hbo H$s WŠH$ ìhm`bm hmoVo. g_mO{hVmMm`pËH¨${MVhr {dMma Z H$aUmè`m AmOÀ`m VWmH${WV nwT>mè`m§À`m S>moù`mV ho gmaoPUPUrV A§OZ KmbUmao Amho. AîQàYmZ _§S>imÀ`m H$m_m§Mo ñdê$n, Xm¡bVrMrZoQ>H$s ì`dñWm, bîH$amMr ì`dñWm, {H$ëë`m§Mm gw`mo½` ~§Xmo~ñV, Vmo\$ImÝ`mMr>ì`dñWm, Ama_mamMr ì`dñWm, Xa~ma adÊ`mg§~§YrMr ì`dñWm, O_rZ_hgwbmMrì`dñWm, JmB©Jwam§À`m Am{U g¡Ý`mVrb hÎmr, KmoS>o, C§Q> BË`mXtÀ`m XmUmd¡aUrMrË`m§À`m Am¡fYnmÊ`mMr ì`dñWm, ZmoH$am§Mo nJma, doVZo d V¡ZmVrMr ì`dñWm,`mgmo~VM nmQ>rb, Hw$iH$Uu, ImoooV, Xoe_wI, XogmB©, Xoenm§S>o, O_rZXma, _moH$mgXma,{_amgXma, OhmJraXma dJ¡ao bmoH$m§À`m VmdS>rVyZ a`Vobm _wŠV H$aUo, H$moUVmhrgaH$mar hþÔm d§ena§naoZo H$moUmÀ`mhr Hw$imV Mmby Z R>odUo, Mmoam§Mo ^` ZîQ> H$aUo,~«m÷Um§Zr Am{U nwOmè`m§Zr XodñWmZm§À`m IMm©Mm {heo~ ZrQ> R>odÊ`mMr I~aXmarKoUo Aer {edmOr _hmamOm§Zr Ho$bobr hr gmar ì`dñWm nm{hbr H$s EH$ H$V©ì`XjamOm H$gm Agmdm `mMm àË §Va Amë`mdmMyZ amhV Zmhr. BVHo$M Zìho Va Jm`H$,dmXH$, ZV©H$ `m§Mm `mo½` Vmo gÝ_mZ H$gm H$amdm, Ë`m§Zm `mo½` Vr {~XmJr H$erÚmdr, JwUrOZm§Mm `mo½` Vmo nam_e© H$gm ¿`mdm `mMmhr àË`` dmMH$m§Zm ho M[aÌdmMVmZm òV amhVmo. Ho$iygH$am§Zr {b{hboë`m "amÁ`ì`dñWm' `m àH$aUmV`mg§X^m©Vrb Vnerb {dñVmamZo Ambo AmhoV.

eoVr Am{U Ë`mda JwOamU H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mo _mob {edmOr _hmamOMm§JboM AmoiIyZ hmoVo. Voìhm mg§X^m©V Ë`m§Zr Ho$boë`m gwYmaUm Am{U H$m ©nÕVrAmOÀ`m Amnë`m eoVr{df`H$ YmoaUm§À`m g§X^m©V {deof CëboI H$aÊ`mOmoJrAmho. "bmJdS>rg Z Amboë`m O{_Zr Zì`m a`Vog Úmd`mÀ`m Pmë`m åhUOo{VÀ`mnmer Jwa§oT>moa| Zgë`mg Vr {Vbm gaH$mam§VyZ Úmdr, {Vbm ~rOmg XmUm Úmdm,d nrH$ hmoB©n ªV {Zdm©hmgmR>r YmÝ` d n¡H$m Úmdm. XmoZMma dfmªZr hm EodO

(Mmodrg)

CJdyZ ¿`mdm. ømà_mUo§ a`Vog H$m¡b H$ê$Z XoD$Z O{_Zr BñVmì`mZo {Xë`m d~hþVoH$ O_rZ bmJdS>r§g AmUbr. CËnÝZmMm AO_mg ~amo~a nmhÿZ a`Voda H$a~gdmdm, Owby_ Agm H$moUmda H$ê§$ Z o, Aer A{YH$mè`m§g gŠV VmH$sX Ago.'BVH$m ì`mnH$ Am{U gd©g_mdoeH$ {dMma Amnbr VWmH${WV amOH$s` ì`dñWmH$aVo H$m? `m àíZmMo CÎma XþX}dmZo ZH$mamWu AgoM {_iVo Amho. eoVH$è`m§MmH$O©~mOmarnUm, Ë`mg§X^m©V emgZ am~{dV Agbobo doJdoJio _mJ©, Ë`m _mJmª_YrbgË`m{ZîRVm, eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË_hË`m, ~mOma^mdmMm AÚm{n Z gwQ>bobm Jw§VmAm{U `m gmè`m§da Xem§Jwio CaUmar g§doXZhrZVm. AmOÀ`m `m gmè`m nmœ©^y_rda{edmOr _hmamO `m§Zr Ho$bobm >eoVr{ZîR dm ^y{_{ZîRm§À`m {hVmMm {dMma AmOhr{dMma H$amd`mg ^mJ nmS>Umam Amho.>>

N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamO m§{df`r _amR>r g_mO, _hmamï´> àm§V d OJ^amVrbB{Vhmg Aä`mgH$m§Zm AmñWm Amho, ho AmOH$mbMo dV©_mZ gË` Amho. hr AmñWm_hmamï´>mV 100 dfmªnyduhr hmoVr. ho àñVwV M[aÌmMr àñVmdZm dmMVmZm bjmVoVo. Ho$iygH$am§Zr {b{hbobo XrK© {edM[aÌ d _hmamï´>mVrb gm_mÝ` OZVm Am{U

VéUm§Zm àoaUmXm`r R>amdo `mgmR>r {b{hbobo g§{já M[aÌ `mM AmñWoZo _amR>mEo³¶oÀNy> g^oÀ`m {dÚ_mZo N>mnbo Jobo Amho. `mn¡H$s n{hbo XrK©M[aÌ 1907 gmbr_amR>m àm°pìhS§>Q> \§$S>mH$Sy>Z lr. am_M§Ðamd Xidr `m§Zr N>mnbo d Xþgao 1927 _Ü oho g§{já M[aÌ "{ÌeVgm§dËg[aH$ {edO §Vr CËgd'À`m {Z{_ÎmmZo {edmOr _hmamOm§MmEH$ ñ_maH$ J«§W åhUyZ N>mnbo Jobo. hr _amR>m Eo³¶oÀNy> g^m 1887 nmgyZ {edO §VrgmOar H$aV hmoVr. AmOMm JUoemoËgd d {edO §VrMm B{Vhmg gm§JUmè`m§Zm hrJmoï> Z_yX H$amdr bmJob. {edO §Vr CËgdmÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo ñ_maH$ J«§Wm§Mm ñVwË`CnH«$_ H$aUo ho Ë`mH$mimVrb _amR>m VéUm§À`m H$m_{JarMo ñ_aU AmOhr g_mOmgmR>rd AmOÀ`m {edO §Vr CËgdmgmR>r {Z{üVM àoaUmXm`r Amho.

`m M[aÌmMr dmL²>_`rZ Cn`mo{JVmhr _hÎdmMr Amho. AmO maVr` g_mOmVrbWmoa ZoVo, B{VhmgmVrb H$V©~Jma ì`º$s `m§À`m H$V¥©ËdmMr {d^mJUr OmV{Zhm`,d§e{Zhm` hmoV Amho. na§Vw B{VhmgmVrb Agmo AWdm dV©_mZmVrb Agmo H$moUVrhrH$V©~Jma ì`º$s gd©g_mdoeH$, g{hîUw, {ZY_u, _wËgÔr, namH«$_r, gXmMmar dÝ`m`ZrVrdmZ Agë`mIoarO Vr g_mOmV AmXe© d AmXamg àmá hmoUma Zmhr.

(n§Mdrg)

N>ÌnVtÀ`m A§Jr ho gd© JwU hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr ñdamÁ`ñWmnZo~amo~aM BWë`m Jar~a`Vogh gd© Y_u` d ór~mbH$ VgoM eÌyÀ`m g¡Ý`mVrb eaU Amboë`m§Zm _mUwgH$sMrdmJUyH$ {Xbr. ghH$mar gaXmam§À`m ~amo~a d ñdamÁ`mÀ`m {dñVmamg hmV^mabmdUmè`m àË oH$ KQ>H$mMm AmXagËH$ma d Ë`m§Mo CÎmaXm{`Ëd ñdrH$maÊ`mgh EH$AmXe© n[anmR> KmbyZ {Xbm. `mMo àË §Va AmnUmg ho M[aÌ dmMVmZm dma§dma oVo.AmO g_mOmMo ZoV¥Ëd H$aUmè`m àË oH$ nwT>mar/åhmoaŠ`mg_moa ho M[aÌ R>odbo nm{hOoAgo Amho. Xþgao Ago H$s {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m H$mimV {ZOm_emhr, A{Xbemhr,Hw$Vy~emhr Am{U naH$s` B§J«O m§À`m~amo~a gVV g§Kf© H$aVmZm m eÌy amÁ`mVrbamOdQ>tMm CÝ_ÎmnUm, Ym{_©H$ Ag{hîUwVm, a`VodaMo d JmoaJar~ OZVodaMo AË`mMma,Ym{_©H$ ñWim§Mr _moS>VmoS> Aem AZoH$ Jmoï>r dma§dma nmhm`bm {_iVmV. `mCbQ>N>ÌnVtZr Amnbo eÌy Agboë`m Bñbm_r amOdQ>tgh gdmªZm gm_mdyZ KoD$Z Ë`m§Zm{Xbobr dmJUyH$, ór ~mbH$m§gh AZoH$ {ó`m§À`m amOdQ>tZm {Xbobo A^` hoN>ÌnVtMo JwU Ë`m H$mimVrbM Zìho Va AmOhr gm_m{OH$Ñïçm AmXe©dV AmhoV.åhUyZ ho M[aÌ g_H$mimVhr Cn wº$ Amho.

j{Ì`Hw$bmdV§g lr N>ÌnVr {edmOr_hmamO `m§Mo g§{já M[aÌ Ho$iygH$am§ZrAä`mgnyU© {b{hbo Amho. mH$[aVm Ë`m§Zr nyd©gyatMr M[aÌo, maVr` B{VhmgH$mam§MrM[aÌo Adbmo{H$br AmhoV. {edM[aÌ d ‘amR>çm§À¶m B{Vhmgmg§~§YrÀ¶m AZoH$Amjonm§Mo Ho$iygH$am§Zr m M[aÌmV I§S>U Ho$bo Amho. AZoH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ H$mJXnÌm§À`mAmYmao N>ÌnVtÀ`m OrdZmVrb KQ>Zm VmaIogh gm§{JVë`m AmhoV. AZoH$H$mJXnÌm§Vrb _OHy$a ñd^mfoV mo½` {R>H$mUr KmVbm Amho. {deofV: Am¡a§JOo~mMrnÌo, VhmMr nÌo, B§J«Or amÁ`H$Ë`mªMr nÌo, d{H$bm§H$Sy>Z nmR>dbobr nÌo d ñdV:_hmamOm§Zr {b{hbobr nÌo Aem nÌm§_wio Eo{Vhm{gH$ gË`VoÀ`m Odi ho M[aÌOmVo. `mMdoir H$mhr {R>H$mUr ~IarVë`m _OHy$amdê$Z {edmOr _hmamOm§À`mOrdZmVrb Abm¡{H$H$ KQ>Zm§Zm m M[aÌmV ñWmZ {Xbo Amho. Aem H$mhr KQ>Zm§_wioho M[aÌ Eo{Vhm{gH$ gË`mnmgyZ Xÿa OmÊ`mMm Xmof `mV oD$ eH$Vmo. na§Vw N>ÌnVr{edmOr _hmamO Amnë`m OrdZmV Á`m Á`m doir Aem H$mhr KQ>Zmàg§Jm§À`mnoMmV AS>H$VmV Voìhm Ë`mVyZ Ë`m§Mr Pmbobr gwQ>H$m hr Ho$di _mZdr nmVirdaAeŠ` hmoVr. gmh{OH$M Aem noM àg§JmVyZ _mJ© H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r Jwéd © Ho$iygH$am§Zmhr

(gìdrg)

X¡dr Am{U Abm¡{H$H$ n`m©`m§Mo ghmæ` ¿`mdo bmJbo Amho. Ago Agbo Var `mM[aÌmÀ`m Eo{Vhm{gH$ gË`mbm \$maer ~mYm oD$ Z XoVm, ho M[aÌ Eo{Vhm{gH$gË`mOdi OmUmao M[aÌ R>aVo. N>ÌnVtÀ`m OrdZmVrb EHy$U Mma KQ>Zm§À`m àg§Jr^dmZr _mVm Ë`m§À`mer g§dmX gmYVo. `m Mmahr {R>H$mUr N>ÌnVtZr gwê$ Ho$boboñdamÁ`mMo H$m © Wm§~Vo H$s H$m` Aer AM§{~V H$aUmar n[apñWVr {Z_m©U hmoVmZm{XgVo. `mn¡H$s A\$ObImZmMm dY hr KQ>Zm Va Ho$di X¡dr gmjmËH$maM åhUmdmbmJob. `mMà_mUo {X„rMr ôQ> d gwQ>H$m Am{U N>ÌnVtMr lre¡b_{„H$mOw©ZÀ`m{R>H$mUr {Z_m©U Pmbobr d¡am½`^mdZm, VwH$mam_ôQ>rMm àg§J d Ë`m {R>H$mUr{Z_m©U Pmbobr {daº$s `mVyZ naV N>ÌnVtZm ñdamÁ` H$m`m©gmR>r ào[aV H$aUo d`m àg§Jr _hmamOm§À`m {Zame _mZ{gH$VoVyZ ~mhoa H$mT>Uo `mgmR>r M[aÌH$mamZo hoàg§J d{U©bo AgmdoV. mM~amo~a M[aÌH$mamda _amR>rVrb ~IatMm à^md AgUohreŠ` Amho. _amR>rVrb ~Ia gm{hË` ho Eo{Vhm{gH$ gË`mbm Yê$Z Zmhr. `m{df`r AZoH$ B{VhmgH$mam§Zr ~IatZm B{VhmgmMo Xþæ`_ gmYZ _mZbo Amho. AgoAgbo Var ~Iar `m gm{hpË`H$Ñïçm gag Agë`mZo Ë`m B{Vhmg dmMZmnojmgm{hpË`H$ dmMZmgmR>r gag R>aVmV. Jwéd`© Ho$iygH$a `m§À`m àñVwV M[aÌmdaEo{Vhm{gH$ dmñVdmMr Oer nH$S> Amho Ë`mMdoir ho M[aÌ dmL²>_`rZ JwUm§Zrhrg_¥Õ Amho. `m M[aÌmda ~IaboIZmMr N>mn Agë`mgmaIo ^mgVo. Vo `mVrbAbm¡{H$H$ d X¡dr KQ>Zm§À`m {bImUm_wio hmo`. Ë`m_wio ho M[aÌ dmñVd dEo{Vhm{gH$ gË`mYm[aV Amho, Ë`mMdoir gm{hpË`H$ JwUdÎmogmR>r H$pënVdmñVdmÀ`m nmVirdahr Amho. M[aÌboIZm_Üò bm{bË` oÊ`mgmR>r Á`m H$pënVdmñVdmMr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo Vo H$pënV dmñVd Jwéd`© Ho$iygH$am§Zr `mVnH$S>bo Amho.

ho M[aÌ dmL²>_`rZ JwUm§Zr g_¥Õ Amho. ho `m M[aÌmVrb KQ>Zm, àg§JdU©Zo,{ZdoXZe¡br, ì`{º$dU©Zo Am{U ñWbdU©Zo `mVyZ àË``mg oVo. ~IarMr J{V_mZAm{U ñn¥hUr` d ñ\y$VuXm`H$ ^mfm hmhr `m M[aÌmMm {deofM åhUmdm bmJob.

M[aÌmVrb KQ>Zm _m{bHo$À`m ê$nmZo Ho$iygH$am§Zr AmoKdË`m e¡brV _m§S>ë`mAmhoV. N>ÌnVtÀ`m OrdZmVrb AZoH$ KQ>Zm `m H«$_~Õ dmQ>mì`mV Aem AmhoV.ñdamÁ`mÀ`m {gÕVonmgyZ _hmamOm§À`m A§VH$mimn`ªVÀ`m KQ>Zm Ho$iygH$am§Zr

(gÎmmdrg)

e¥§Ibm~Õ nÕVrZo _m§S>ë`m AmhoV. EH$m g§H$Q>mVyZ gwIê$n gwQ>mdo d VmËH$miXþgam àg§J C^m amhmdm Aem EImÚm n[aH$WoVë`m amOHw$_mamgmaIr H$Wm ìhmdr dg§H$Q>-gwQ>H$m naV g§H$Q>-gwQ>H$m Aem KQ>Zm§Zr N>ÌnVtMo OrdZ ^mabobo Amho.Aem KQ>Zm§Mr _m{bH$m Ho$iygH$am§Zr `m M[aÌmV hþ~ohÿ~ _m§S>br Amho.

KQ>Zm§~amo~a N>ÌnVtÀ`m OrdZmV Ambobo AZoH$ ~mHo$ àg§Jhr M[aÌH$mam§Zr_m§S>bo AmhoV. Ë`mMdoir N>ÌnVtZr Amnbo H$m¡eë` nUmbm bmdyZ qOH$bobo àg§JhrC^o Ho$bo AmhoV. ehmOramOm§Zm ZOaH¡$XoV R>odyZ q^VrV JmS>Ê`mÀ`m àg§JmnmgyZ,A\$ObImZmMm dY, em{hñVoImZmda Ho$bobm h„m, _moJbm§er d A{Xbehmerdoimodoir Pmboë`m MH$_H$sMo àg§J, àVmnamd JwOamMm namH«$_, ~mOrà y Xoenm§S>|MreyaVm, gwaVoMr byQ>, AZoH$ {ó`m§Zm {Xbobo A^`, VmZmOr _mbwga|Mm àg§J Ago{H$VrVar àg§J hþ~ohÿ~ C o amhmdoV Aer àg§JdU©Zo mV Ambr AmhoV. Ho$iygH$am§ZrVr AË §V {MÌXeu ê$nmZo `m M[aÌmV C^r Ho$br AmhoV.

KQ>Zm àg§JmZ§Va `m M[aÌmVrb ì`{º$dU©Zo d ñWbdU©Zohr dmMZr` PmbrAmhoV. A\$ObImZmMo Am{U _hmamOmMo dU©Z H$aVmZm M[aÌH$ma EH$mM dmŠ`mVåhUVmo, " Ë`mMo YyS> _moR>o {demb hmoVo Am{U _hmamOm§Mm ~m§Ym A_i R>|JUm dgS>nmVi hmoVm.' N>ÌnVtÀ`m ì`{º$_ÎdmMo B§J«O A{YH$mè`mZo Ho$bobo dU©Z Ho$iygH$aAgo H$aVmV. "{edmOrMm Xoh dm wê$n AgyZ Ë`mbm n§I Agmdo Ago Á`mbm Ë`mbmdmQy> bmJbo Amho. H$maU Vmo H$moUË`mdoir H$moR>o àJQ> hmoB©b mMm H$mhrM Zo_ Zmhr,Vmo AmO EHo$ {R>H$mUr Amho Va CÚm H$moR>o àJQ> hmoB©b `mMm Zo_ Zmhr.' AemN>moQ>çm N>moQ>çm dmŠ`m§_Ü o AZoH$ ì`º$sMr dU©Zo `mV Ambr AmhoV. "Am¡a§JOo~A{V~bmT>ç Amho' ho {dYmZ dma§dma oVo. `mVyZ Am¡a§JOo~mMo ì`{º$_Îd bjmVoVo. N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamOm§{df`r M[aÌH$mamg AË §V AmXa Amho. Ë`m§Mm C„oI

H$aVmZm Ë`m§À`m{df`r AZoH$ {deofUo M[aÌH$ma dmnaVmo. "Ë`mV Ë`m§À`m A§JMoem¡ ©, dr ©, Am¡Xm ©, amOH$m ©{ZnwUËd, àOmnmbZnQw>Ëd, w{º$_Îmm, ~w{Õ_Îmm,_mV¥{nV¥^º$s Aem C‚db JwUm§Mo {X½Xe©Z AZoH$ àg§Jr Pmbo Amho.' VwH$mam_~mdm§Mo dU©Z EH$mM dmŠ`mV Ë`m§Mo g§VËd {X½X{e©V H$aVo. VwH$mam_~mdm Ë`m H$miÀ`mH$sV©ZH$mam§V AJ«JÊ` AgyZ namH$mð>oMo m{dH$ d ào_i JdX²^ŠV Agë`mH$maUmZoË`m§Mr ~moYdmUr AË §V àmgm{XH$ d _ZmodoYH$ Ago. m Am{U Aem Aën eãXm§VyZHo$iygH$am§Zr g§{já ì`{º$dU©Zo Ho$br AmhoV.

(AÇmdrg)

M[aÌmVrb {R>H$mUm§Mr dU©Zo Am{U ^m¡Jmo{bH$ àXoem§Mr _m{hVr hmhr EH$ `mM[aÌJ«§WmMm {deof åhUmdm bmJob. {MVmoS>À`m àXoemnmgyZ Vo _hmamï´>mVrb JS>H$moQ>{H$ëë`m§À`m {R>H$mUmn ªV AZoH$ àXoem§Mr _m{hVr `m J«§WmV {_iVo. qgJUmnyaÀ`mnmQ>rbH$snmgyZ gwê$ Pmbobr mogbo KamÊ`mMr amOdQ> _hmamï>, H$Zm©Q>H$, H$moH$UmnmgyZV§Omdan ªV N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamOm§Zr {dñVmabr. `m {dñVrU© àXoemMm gmÚ§VB{Vhmg d ^m¡Jmo{bH$ _m{hVr `mÑï>rZohr `m J«§WmMo Eo{Vhm{gH$ _hÎd Amho. nwT>o{bhÿ nmhUmè`m g§emoYH$m§Zm hm J«§W d `mVrb ^m¡Jmo{bH$ g§X^© _hÎdmMo R>aVrb.N>ÌnVtZr nmXmH«$m§V Ho$bobm àXoe, {d{dY {R>H$mUr Pmboë`m bT>m`m, àmXo{eH$d¡{eïçm§_wio _amR>çm§Zm Ambobo e, mgh N>ÌnVtÀ`m OrdZàdmgm~amo~aM Ë`m§ZrHo$bobm àmXo{eH$ àdmg VËH$mbrZ _hmamï´>mÀ`m d _amR>r gm_«mÁ`mÀ`m {dñVrU©gr_maofm `m J«§WmÀ`m nmZmonmZmV AYmoaopIV hmoVmV. gmh{OH$M J«§W dmMVmZmàXoem{df`rMr CËgwH$Vm dmT>rg bmJVo.

H$moUË`mhr J«§Wm§Mo dmMZr` `e ho Ë`m J«§WmÀ`m {ZdoXZe¡brda d ^mfodaAdb§~yZ AgVo. H¥$îUamd AOw©Z Ho$iygH$a{bpIV m {edM[aÌmMr {ZdoXZe¡br d^mfm doYH$ Amho. `m M[aÌmMm {df` {edmOr _hmamOm§Mo OrdZ d H$m © Agm_Ü`dVu Amho. {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m OrdZ d H$m`m©Mm AmoKdVm B{Vhmg `mM[aÌmV Ambm Amho. hm M[aÌ J«§W Eo{Vhm{gH$ gË`mda AmYmabobm dmñV{dH$ J«§WAgbm Var "M[aÌ' m dmL²>_`àH$mambm gmOoer {ZdoXZmMr mfm m J«§WmV Ambobr{XgVo. ho Eo{Vhm{gH$ M[aÌ Agbo Var mMr aMZm B{VhmgmMr gmYZo, gZmdiçm,nwamdo, XmIbo `mgh Z hmoVm N>ÌnVtÀ`m OrdZmMm AI§S> B{Vhmg bm{bË`nyU©^mfoV {b{hbo Jobm Amho. N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamO `m§Mo g§nyU© OrdZ ho àM§S>J{V_mZ, ApñWa, Ym_Yy_rMo Am{U KmoS>Xm¡S>rMo hmoVo. hr J{V_mZ Ym_Yy_ Am{UKmoS>Xm¡S> `m M[aÌmVrb {ZdoXZmVhr àË``mg oVo. {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m OrdZmMrKmoS>Xm¡S> Ë`m§À`m ~mbnUmnyduM gwê$ Pmbobr Amho. ehmOramOo eÌyÀ`m à~ig¡Ý`mÀ`m nmR>bmJmñVd Xm¡S> H$arV AgVm {OOm~mB© ~amo~a hmoË`m. Ë`m JamoXaAgë`m_wio {Vbm KmoS>çmdê$Z ZoVm oB©Zm. åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr {OOm~mBªZm {edZoar {H$ëë`m§VR>o{dbo. VoWo Vr eHo$ 1549 à^d Zm_ g§dËga, d¡emI ewÕ n§M_r gmo_dma`m{Xder àg¥V Pmë`m. ømà_mUo _amR>r gm_«mÁ`mÀ`m g§ñWmnH$mMm OÝ_ øm Aem

(EH$moUVrg)

Ym_Yw_rÀ`m doir {edZoar {H$ëë`mV Pmbm. OÝ_mnydu gwê$ Pmbobr Xm¡S> d Ym_Yy_eodQ>r Ë`m gaer Ë`m§Zr {ZdS>H$ KmoSo>ñdmam§{Zer {ZKyZ Vr a¸$_ KoD$Z oUmè`mbmoH$m§da AMmZH$ h„m Ho$bm. Vo gJio Ðì` hñVJV H$ê$Z eÌyH$S>rb haH$VoÊ`mnydu Vo am`JS>mda A{VdoJmZo oD$Z nmoMbo. Ë`m Xm¡S>r_wio Ë`m§Zm A{Ve{`V

WH$dm Ambm. Ë`m§À`m N>mVrV XþIy bmJbo. oWn ªV Ë`m§À`m _¥Ë yg_`mn ªV Ë`m§MrKmoS>Xm¡S> d Ë`m§À`m OrdZmVrb Ym_Yy_ H$m`_ hmoVr. hr J{V_mZ KmoS>Xm¡S>rMr{ZdoXZe¡brhr `m M[aÌmV AmnUmg OmUdVo. Ë`m_wio M[aÌ dmMVmZm hr JVrdmMH$mbm dmMZmMr nH$S> KoÊ`mg CÚwº$ H$aVo. Vr nH$S> M[aÌ dmMZmV H$m`_amhmVo. `mV M[aÌH$mamÀ`m {ZdoXZH$m¡eë`mMo ahñ` OmUdVo.

KQ>Zm, àg§J, ì`{º$dU©Zo, ñWbdU©Zo, wÕmMr dU©Zo, `mVrb J{V_mZVmhr_hÎdmMr Amho. `m dU©ZmVrb {MÌ_`Vm d hþ~ohÿ~nUm AmnUmg_moa EH$ {edmOr_hmamOm§À`m OrdZmMm MbV² {MÌnQ> C^m H$aVmo. M[aÌmMo {ZdoXZ V¥Vr`nwéfrAmho. M[aÌH$ma Jwéd © Ho$iygH$a `m§Zr VQ>ñWnUo ho M[aÌ {b{hbo Amho. hm Ë`m§MmVQ>ñWnUm `m {ZdoXZmV gVV OmUdVmo. OUy H$mhr N>ÌnVtÀ`m OrdZmMo gmjrAgë`mgmaIo `m M[aÌmMo {ZdoXZ Pmë`m_wio dmMH$m§À`m g_moahr hm VQ>ñWnUmC^m amhVmo. {ZdoXZmV OrdZH$Wm gm§{JVbr Amho. ho gm§JVmZm Ë`m§Zm AdJVAgbobr _m{hVr gVV Amnë`mg_moa oV AgVo. nU Ë`mMdoir ñdV: M[aÌH$mamg_m{hVr ZgUmè`m EoH$sd Jmoï>r gm§JVmZm M[aÌH$ma {edmOr _hmamOm§Zm Agm ~moYHo$bm H$s, Ago gm§JVmV H$s, "øm A\$OwbImZm{df`rMr EH$ X§VH$Wm Aer AmhoH$s,' Aem dmŠ`mZo Amnbr gmoS>dUyH$ H$ê$Z KoVmo. M[aÌH$mambm {edmOr_hmamOm§MoM[aÌ gm§JÊ`mnojm XmIdyZ XoÊ`mV d g_moa R>odÊ`mV ag dmQ>Vmo. Ë`m_wio AZoH$CVmè`m§Mr gwédmV "ho Ago, ho Ama_ma ømà_mUo, øm _mo{h_oV, `mer, `mdoir, `maUmV, `m bT>mB©V, BH$So>' Aem Xe©H$ gd©Zm_m§Zr, eãXm§Zr AZoH$ CVmè`m§MrgwédmV hmoVmZm {XgVo.

M[aÌmVrb AX²^wV àg§Jm§Mo dU©Z d nm{dÍ`mMo dU©Z AemM eãXm§Zr Ho$boAmho. dma§dma `m§À`m OrdZmVrb H$R>rU àg§Jr Ë`m§À`m A§Jr ^dmZrMm g§Mma hmoVAgVmo. Ë`m§Zr ñZmZ H$ê$Z lr ^dmZrMr gmoËH§$R> hmoD$Z àmW©Zm Ho$br. Voìhm ^dmZrË`m§À`m A§JmV g§Mmê$Z nwT>rbà_mUo ~mobbr, Aem pñWVrV Ë`m§À`m A§JmV Xodr

(Vrg)

g§Mmê$Z oUoà_mUo ~mobbr Aem dmŠ`m§Zr AX²^wV àg§JmMo dU©Z Ë`m§Zr ~IarVrb^mfoMm àË`` `m M[aÌmV {Xbm Amho.

M[aÌmMr ^mfm 19 ì`m eVH$mVrb _amR>r JÚmÀ`m diUmMr Pmbr Amho. hoM[aÌ VËH$mbrZ VéUm§gmR>r d gm_mÝ` bmoH$m§gmR>r {bhmd`mMo Agë`mZo AË §VAmoKdË`m d gmoß`m ^mfoV M[aÌmMr à{MVr oVo. EImÚm amo_m§MH$mar H$mX§~ar_`^mfogmaIr bm{bË`nyU© d Ë`mMdoir AmdoenyU© ^mfmhr àË``mg oVo. {edmOr_hmamOm§Mo OrdZH$WZ Agë`mZo m M[aÌmMr mfm H$pënV dmñVdmMm mg {Z_m©UH$aVo. Ë`m_wio dmMH$m§Zm AI§S>nUo Jw§VdyZ R>odÊ`mMo gm_Ï © AgUmè`m m M[aÌmMr^mfm {ZVm§V a_Ur` hmoVo. Vr CËñ\y$V©, ñn¥hUr` hmoVo. Ë`mMdoir N>ÌnVtÀ`mOrdZmVrb g§H$Q> d Xþ:IX g_`r Vr H$éUm_`r hmoVmZm {XgVo.

dmL>²_`_hfu Jwéd © H¥$îUamd AOw©Z Ho$iygH$am§Mo dmL²>_`mVrb d gm_m{OH$H$m`m©Vrb Agm_mÝ` H$V¥©Ëd OmUyZ KoD$Z _hmamï>´ amÁ` gm{hË` Am{U g§ñH¥$Vr_§S>imMo AÜ`j _m. ~m~m ^m§S> d _§S>imVrb Ë`m§Mo ghH$mar, _§S>imÀ`m g{Md{_Zmjr nmQ>rb `m§Zr øm _hÎdH$m§jr àH$ënmMr O~m~Xmar _hmamï´> emgZmÀ`mdVrZo _mÂ`mda gmondyZ _mÂ`mda Omo {dœmg XmIdbm Ë`m~Ôb Ë`m§À`m F$UmVMAgUo _r ng§V H$aVmo. _hmamï´> emgZmÀ`m CXma d dmL²>_`ào_r Ñ{ï>H$moUmMm _rH¥$Vknyd©H$ C„oI H$aVmo.

hm àH$ën nyU© H$aVmZm AZoH$m§Mo ghH$m © bm^bo. gVre ~S>do, àH$mendma, AdZre nmQ>rb, àdrU ~m§XoH$a, ZrVrZ [a¨T>o, aUYra qeXo, Z§XHw$_ma _moao,AéU qeXo, Zrbm Omoer `m§Zr Jéd © Ho$iygH$am§À`m J«§Wm§Zm Aä`mgnyU© àñVmdZm{bhÿZ {Xë`m. Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr ~aoM n[al_ KoVbo. VgoM a{\$H$ gyaO, emo^m ZmB©H$,gwO` nmQ>rb, A{Zb Jdir, a_oe gmiw§Io, Jmo_Q>oœa nmQ>rb m§Mo _mobmMo ghH$m ©bm^bo. Ë`m§Mo Am^ma _mZUo Ë`m§Zm AmdS>Uma Zmhr. H$maU ho gd© Aä`mgH$d«VñW dmL²>_`godH$ AmhoV. `m J«§WmMo g§H$bZ H$aÊ`mV gmHo$V ~m~m ^m§S> `m§ZrHo$bobr _XV _mobmMr Amho. `m~amo~a ho àH$ën H$m_ nyU© H$aÊ`mg Amßnmgmho~~wS>Ho$, VoOg MìhmU, amOoe nmQ>rb, ZdZmW Jmoao, g§Xrn _w§Jmao, àXrn nmQ>rb,{Zhmb {enwaH$a `m§Mr _XV Pmbr. Ë`m§Mo _Z…nyd©H$ Am^ma. Ë`m ~amo~aM _w§~B©_amR>r J«§Wg§J«hmb`Mo J«§Wnmb, gm.dm.Zm. Zm{eH$, lram_ dmMZ _§{Xa gmd§VdmS>r,

(EH$Vrg)

H$adra ZJa dmMZ _§{Xa H$moëhmnya, ~°. IS>}H$a J«§Wmb`, H$moëhmnya `m ~amo~aM_hmamï´>mVrb AZoH$ J«§Wmb`mÀ`m J«§Wnmbm§Zr {deof _XV Ho$br. Ë`m§Mo _Z…nyd©H$Am^ma. m {edm` m àH$ënmg _XV H$aUmè`m gd© kmV AkmVm§Mo A§V…H$aUnyd©H$Am^ma _mZVmo. øm àH$ënmMo dmMH$ _ZmnmgyZ ñdmJV H$aVrb Aer ImÌr Amho.`m àH$ënmV H$mhr ÌwQ>r am{hbr Agë¶mg Ë¶mMr O~m~Xmar _mPr Agob _mÌMm§Jë`mMo gd© lo` ~m~m ^m§S> Am{U Ë`m§Mo ghH$mar `m§Mo Amho. YÝ`dmX!

- amOZ Jdg

(~Îmrg)

_amR>çm§À`m B{Vhmg boIZmÀ`m Ñï>rZo, {edmOr _hmamOm§Mo OrdZ d H$m © hoZoh_rM EH$ _Ü`dVu gyÌ am{hbobo {XgVo. _amR>çm§Mm n{hbm B{Vhmg J«±Q> S>\$ mZoB. g. 1826 _Ü o B§J«Or ^mfoVyZ {b{hbm Agbm Var {edmOr _hmamOm§H$So>OZ_mZgm§Mo bj doYÊ`mMr H$m_{Jar _hmË_m Omo{Vamd \w$bo `m§Zr Ho$bobr {XgVo.B.g. 1869 _Ü o Ë`m§Zr {edmOr _hmamOm§À`mda gw_mao EH$ hOma Amoir AgbobmàXrK© Agm EH$ nmodmS>m {b{hbm hmoVm. Ë`mM dfu _._mo. Hw§$Q>o `m§Mo amOm {edmOrho _hmH$mì` à{gÕ Pmbo. B.g. 1889 _Ü o amOmam_ emór mJdV `m§Zr {edmOr_hmamOm§Mo N>moQ>oImZr M[aÌ {b{hbo hmoVo. Ý`m`_yVu _hmXod JmoqdX amZSo> `m§ZrB.g. 1892 Vo 1900 `m H$mimV Amnbm à{gÕ _amR>m gÎmoMm CËH$f© hm J«§W{b{hbm. {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m ~Ôb m H$mimV AZoH$m§Zr boIZ Ho$bo Agbo Var,{edmOr _hmamOm§Mo g_J« M[aÌ 19ì`m eVH$mÀ`m A§Vmn ªV à{gÕ Pmbobo ZìhVo.1

_amR>çm§À`m B{Vhmg boIZmVrb hr CUrd Jwê$d © H¥$îUamd Ho$iygH$a `m§ZrB.g. 1906 _Ü o ê$Z H$mT>br. j{Ì`Hw$bmdV§g N>Ìn{V {edmOr _hmamO m§MoM[aÌ øm Ho$iygH$am§À`m {edM[aÌmMr Xþgar Amd¥Îmr B.g. 1920 _Ü o d g§{jáAmd¥Îmr B. g. 1927 _Ü o àH$m{eV Pmbr. 20 ì`m eVH$mÀ`m àma§^rÀ`m H$mimVBVa H$mhr Aä`mgH$m§Zr {edM[aÌ {b{hÊ`mMo CnH«$_ nyU© Ho$bo. øm _Ü o gaOXþZmW gaH$ma, øwJ am°{bÝgZ, {M. {d. d¡Ú (1931) Am{U S>m°. ~miH¥$îU(1932) ho _w»` hmoVo.2

àñVmdZm

¾ÖÖµÖ 652-3

20ì`m eVH$mÀ`m àma§^rÀ`m H$mimVrb {edM[aÌ boIH$ EH$m ~m~VrVdoJio hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m _Ü o "d¡km{ZH$ Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ B{Vhmg {b{hÊ`mMr BÀN>m {Z_m©UPmbobr hmoVr. øm ZdrZ nÕVr_Ü o OmñVrV OmñV _yi H$mJXnÌo (originaldocuments) dmnê$Z ^yVH$mimMm doY KoUo Ano{jV hmoVo.'3 O_©Z B{VhmgH$ma{bAmonmoëS> a±Ho$ d BVa AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZdmXr {dMmad§Vm§Zr Amnë`m B{VhmgboIZnÕVr_Ü o "emgH$s` H$mJXnÌo' d A{^boImJmamVrb {bpIV gmYZm§Zm Iyn _hÎd{Xbo hmoVo. Ë`m§Mr "{dœgZr` gmYZm§Mr' (reliable sources) EH$ {d{eï> g§H$ënZmhmoVr, Á`m_wio Ë`m§À`m d¡km{ZH$ B{Vhmg boIZmÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmV A{^boImJmamVrb{bpIV gmYZm§Zm AZÝ` gmYmaU _hÎd àmá Pmbo hmoVo. {bpIV gmYZm§{edm`B{Vhmg {b{hVm `oV Zmhr (no documents, no history) hm a±Ho$dmXrB{VhmgH$mam§À`m {dœmgmMm A{d^mÁ` ^mJ ~Zbm.

B. g. 1930 À`m XeH$mn ªV {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m OrdZ d H$m`m©da _moR>çmà_mUmV boIZ Pmbo hmoVo. B{VhmgH$ma S>m°. ~miH¥$îU `m§Zr åhQ>ë`mà_mUo {edmOr_hmamO h`mV AgVm§Zm Ë`m§Zm H$mhr à_mUmV XodËd àmá Pmbo hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m H$m ©H$V¥©Ëdm_wio maVr` bmoH$m§_Ü o ñdXoem{^_mZ d amï´>r`Ëd OmJ¥V Pmbo d Vo maVr`ñdamÁ`mMo {XemXe©H$ "Y«wd Vmam' ~Zbo. gmh{OH$M øm _hm_mZdm^modVr AZoH${_WHo$ d X§VH$Wm {Z_m©U Pmë`m. `m~Ôb S>m°. ~miH¥$îU {b{hVmV:

In truth, there is scarcely an event in his brilliant career, theveracity of whose details recorded in the Marathi chronicles cannotbe challenged.

WmoS>Š`mV, _amR>r ~Iat_Ü o {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m g§~§{YV EH$hr KQ>Zm ZmhrÁ`m KQ>ZoÀ¶m gË`Vobm AmìhmZ {Xbo OmD$ eH$V Zmhr. S>m°. ~miH¥$îU `m§ZrAmnë`m "{edmOr X J«oQ>' `m J«§Wmbm {b{hboë`m àñVmdZoV {edmOr _hmamOm§À`mOrdZmVrb Mma {MÎmWamaH$ KQ>Zm§Mo CXmhaU XoD$Z ho XmIdbo Amho H$s, H$emàH$mao doJdoJir dmXJ«ñV _m{hVr doJdoJù`m Eo{Vhm{gH$ gmYZm§VyZ CnbãY hmoVo.~miH¥$îU m§Zr A\$ObImZmMr hË`m, em{hñVoImZmdarb h„m, Am¡a§JOo~-{edmOr_hmamO oQ> d Am½ «mhÿZ gwQ>H$m øm Mma KQ>Zm§_Ü o doJdoJù`m Eo{Vhm{gH$ gmYZm§Zr{Xboë`m nañna{damoYr _m{hVrMo VwbZmË_H$ {dûcofU Ho$bo Amho. S>m°. ~miH¥$îU`m§Zr ømM J«§WmÀ`m EH$m n[a{eï>m§_Ü o B{Vhmg boIZmMo gmYZ åhUyZ "~IatMod¡JwÊ`' XmIdyZ {Xbo Amho.4

(Mm¡Îmrg)

17 ì`m eVH$mV _amR>çm§À`m gÎmoMm nm`m ~iH$Q> Pmë`mZ§Va _amR>çm§À`mB{Vhmgmda AZoH$ ~Iar {b{hë`m Joë`m. `m H$mimV gd© amOH$s` KS>m_moS>r _Ü o{edmOr _hmamO hoM H|$Ðq~Xÿ hmoVo. gmh{OH$M _amR>çm§Mo dM©ñd Agboë`m ñdamÁ`mVOmñVrV OmñV ~Iar `m {edmOr _hmamOm§da {b{hë`m Joë`m. 20ì`m eVH$mÀ`mXþgè`m XeH$mV ZwgË`m _amR>r ~Iat_Yrb _m{hVrda AmYmaboë`m {edM[aÌm§daQ>rH$m Ho$br OmD$ bmJbr. {d. H$m. amOdmSo> `m§Zr _amR>r ~IatZm B{VhmgboIZmMoEH$ _hÎdmMo gmYZ åhUyZ dmnaÊ`mbm OmoaXma {damoY Ho$bm. ~Iar Am{U _yiEo{Vhm{gH$ H$mJXnÌmVrb \$aH$ {dfX H$aVm§Zm amOdmSo> Z_yX H$aVmV H$s, "EH$Añgb {MQ>moao gd© ~IatÀ`m ~hþ_Vmbm hmUyZ nmS>Ê`mg nwaogo Amho'. B{VhmgboIZmMogmYZ åhUyZ ~IarÀ`m Q>rH$mË_H$ {M{H$Ëgo_wio nwT>rb H$mimV {edmOr _hmamOm§MmB{Vhmg {b{hÊ`mgmR>r Añgb XñVmdoO emoYÊ`mÀ`m _mo{h_obm JVr {_imbr.{d. H$m. amOdmSo>, X. ~. nmagZrg Am{U dm. dm. Iao m§Zr _amR>m B{VhmgboIZmbmCn`moJr AgUmar Añgb _amR>r gmYZo emoYUo Am{U Vr àH$m{eV H$aUo ho AmnboOrdZH$m © Ho$bo. amÝHo$À`m {dMmam§Mm à^md AgUmao amOdmSo> Am{U nmagZrg m§Zrnm`nrQ> H$ê$Z d IQ>mQ>mon H$ê$Z Añgb {bpIV H$mJXnÌo àmá Ho$br. nwT>o amOdmS>çm§Zr_amR>m B{VhmgmÀ`m Aä`mgmgmR>r Cn wº$ Ago g§H${bV _yi gmYZm§Mo 22 I§S>Aä`mgH$m§Zm CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbo.

ømM Xaå`mZ maVr` B{VhmgmVrb "_moJb H$mimMo' B{VhmgH$ma åhUyZ à{gÕAgbobo ga OXþZmW gaH$ma `m§Zr XoIrb {edmOr _hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ {b{hÊ`mggwédmV Ho$br. _amR>m B{VhmgmMm Aä`mg H$aVmZm ga OXþZmW gaH$ma `m§Zr _amR>mB{VhmgmMr CnbãY Agbobr OdiOdi gd© gmYZo d¡km{ZH$ B{VhmgboIZmÀ`mÑ{ï>H$moZmVyZ Vnmgbr. CnbãY Agboë`m àË oH$ gmYZmMm {edmOr _hmamOm§MoM[aÌ {b{hÊ`mgmR>r {H$VnV Cn`moJ hmoVmo, `mMr {M{H$Ëgm Ho$br. Ë`m§À`m _VoB{VhmgH$mam§Zr {edmOr _hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ {b{hÊ`mgmR>r _amR>r gmYZm§Mm Cn`moJOnyZM H$am`bm hdm d Amnbm nyU© {dœmg \$magr d B§J«Or gmYZm§da R>odm`bmhdm. ga OXþZmW gaH$mam§Zr naH$s` gmYZm§Zm {Xboë`m PwH$Ë`m _mnm_wio Ë`m§À`mda_hmamï´>mVrb B{VhmgH$mam§Zr OmoaXma Q>rH$m Ho$br hmoVr.

(nñVrg)

Iao Va, {edmOr _hmamOm§Mm B{Vhmg {b{hÊ`mgmR>r CnbãY Agboë`m _amR>rd naH$s` gmYZm§Mm Cn`moJ H$aÊ`mÀ`m g§X^m©V AZoH$ àý AmhoV. B.g. 1682Vo 1707 `m H$mbI§S>mV _wKbm§À`m {déÕ gwê$ Agboë`m _amR>çm§À`m ñdmV§Í`bT>çmV _amR>m amÁ`mMr ~hþVoH$ _yi H$mJXnÌo d BVa gmYZo Zï> Pmbobr hmoVr.{edmOr _hmamOm§~Ôb _m{hVr XoUmè`m ~Iat_Ü o AZoH$ X§VH$Wm d Am»`m{`H$m§Zràdoe Ho$bm hmoVm. Xþgao Ago H$s, \$magr, B§J«Or, S>M, nmoVw©JrO d \«|$M ^mfoVrbgmYZo Oar H$mhr à_mUmV H$mbH«$_ R>adÊ`mgmR>r Cn`moJr Agbr Var Ë`m§À`m_Yrb _m{hVr hr {dIwaboë`m ñdénmV hmoVr. Ë`m_wio B{VhmgH$mambm wamo{n`ZbmoH$m§Zr {b{hboë`m {d{dY H$mJXnÌm§_YyZ _m{hVr doMyZ Vr EH${ÌV H$ê$Z Amnbr_m§S>Ur H$amdr bmJV Ago. Am{U Ago Ho$bo Var øm _m§S>Ur_Ü o AZoH$ H$ƒo XþdoamhÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Ago. ho H$ƒo Xþdo nyU© H$aÊ`mgmR>r _amR>r gmYZm§Mr _XVB{VhmgH$mambm ¿`mdrM bmJVo.

AmUIr EH$ Ago H$s, \$magr d wamo{n`Z ^mfoVrb gmYZo hr {edmOr_hmamOm§À`m AWdm EHy$UM _amR>m amÁ`mÀ`m eÌy§Zr {Z_m©U Ho$br Agë`m_wioAmnë`mbm Ë`m_Ü o _amR>çm§~Ôb Amjonmh© _OHy$a {b{hbobm AmT>iVmo. øm bmoH$m§ZrAmnë`m {bImUmV _amR>çm§Mo dU©Z CKS>nUo Mmoa, JZr_, bwQ>mê$ Aem AneãXm§ZrHo$ë`mMo {XgVo. Aem àH$maÀ`m nwd©J«hXþ{fV gmYZm§Mm B{Vhmg boIZmV dmnaHo$bm Va _J EH$ {dH¥$V B{Vhmg nwT>o oÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm {Z_m©U hmoVo. _amR>çm§Mo»`mVZm_ B{VhmgH$ma S>m°. A. am. Hw$bH$Uu m§Zr Amnë`m {edH$mbrZ _hmamï´> ømJ«§WmV _wKbm§Mo à{gÕ B{VhmgH$ma S>m°. Ba\$mZ h~r~ `m§Zr Amnë`m AJ«oar`Z{gpñQ>_ Am°\$ _wKb B§{S>`m (1963) `m J«§WmV Ho$boë`m AemM EH$m MwH$s_wioB{VhmgmMo Pmbobo {dH¥$VrH$aU XmIdyZ {Xbo Amho.5

_amR>çm§Mm B{Vhmg {b{hUmè`m H$mhr AmYw{ZH$ B{VhmgH$mam§Zr Va naH$s`^mfoVrb nwd©J«hXþ{fV gmYZo dmnê$Z _amR>çm§À`m ~m~V EH$ bwQ>_marMm {gÕm§VM'_m§S>bm! Ë`m§À`m _Vo 18ì`m eVH$m_Ü o _wKb gm_«mÁ`mMr dmVmhV hmoÊ`m_Ü o_amR>çm§À`m bwQ>mê$ H$madm`m O~m~Xma hmoË`m. à{gÕ ~§Jmbr B{VhmgH$ma S>m°.A{ZéÕ ao m§Zr Amnë`m g§emoYZmZo XmIdyZ {Xbo Amho H$s, JwOamV _Yrb I§~m`V(Cambay) àXoem_Ü o B.g. 1725 Vo 1825 `m H$mimVrb _amR>çm§Mr "bwQ>mê$'

(N>Îmrg)

à{V_m hr AË §V MwH$sMr Amho. _amR>çm§Mo {damoYH$ Agboë`m B§J«Om§Zr Amnë`mg_H$mbrZ {bImUmV _amR>çm§À`m~m~V hm {dn`m©g {Z_m©U Ho$bm hmoVm.6 {edM[aÌ{b{hUmè`m A{bH$S>À`m Aä`mgH$mg_moa hr EH$ _hÎdmMr g_ñ`m Amho. _amR>r dg§ñH¥$V mfoVrb gmYZo hr {edmOr _hmamO Am{U Ë`m§À`m nyd©Om§À`m H$m`m©Mo dU©ZH$aVm§Zm A{Ve`moº$s H$aVmV Va ~Iar_Ü o _moR>çm à_mUmV X§VH$Wm d Am»`m{`H$mAmhoV, Á`m_wio Ë`m§Mr Eo{Vhm{gH$ {dœmgmh©Vm H$_r hmoVo. `mCbQ>, \$maer Am{U`wamo{n`Z ^mfoVrb ~hþVoH$ _amR>m B{VhmgmMr gmYZo nwd©J«hXþ{fV Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ{b{hbr Jobr AmhoV. nU KQ>Zm§Mr H$mbH«$_Um R>adÊ`mgmR>r Vr _hÎdmMr R>aVmV._amR>çm§Mm B{Vhmg {b{hÊ`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ Agboë`m gmYZm§Mr pñWVr g§^«_V`ma H$aUmar Agë`m_wioM {edM[aÌ boIH$ d dmMH$ `m§À`mda AVrdO~m~XmarMm ^ma nS>Vmo.

{edM[aÌ dmMH$m§Mr O~m~XmarCnamoº$ MM}dê$Z EH$ Jmoï> ñnï> hmoVo H$s, Xoer ^m{fH$ Am{U naH$s` ^m{fH$

gmYZo {edM[aÌ {b{hÊ`mgmR>r Cn`moJr AmhoV. XmoÝhr àH$maÀ`m gmYZm§_Ü o CnbãYPmbobr _m{hVr BVa g_H$mbrZ {dœgZr` gmYZm§er VmSy>Z nm{hë`mIoarO Vrà_mU^yV _mZUo _yI©nUmMo R>aob. Xþgao Ago H$s, gmYZ Oar g_H$mbrZ Agbo VargmYZ {Z_m©U H$aUmè`m§Zr {Xbobr _m{hVr hr ñdV…À`m {ZarjUmda AWdm ñdmZw dmdaAmYmabobr Amho, `mMr ImÌr H$ê$Z KoUo Amdí`H$ R>aVo. Oa _m{hVr EoH$sdAgob Va Vr BVa {dœmgy gmYZm§_Yrb _m{hVrer VmSy>Z nmhUo H«$_àmá R>aVo. hrPmbr {edM[aÌmgmR>r dmnaÊ`mV Amboë`m gmYZm§À`m g§X^m©Vrb Jmoï>.

AmYw{ZH$ B{VhmgboIZ nÕVr_Ü`o gmYZm§Mr {M{H$Ëgm H$aÊ`m~amo~aB{VhmgH$mambm boIZ H$aVm§Zm "dñVw{Zð>Vm' OmonmgUo Ano{jV AgVo. AmYw{ZH$B{VhmgH$mam§_Ü o àM{bV Agboë`m 'dñVw{Zð>VoÀ`m g§H$ënZo_Ü o EH$ _hÎdmMmg_O A§V^y©V Pmbm Amho H$s, "gË` ho EH$ AgVo, Vo n[aàoú`r` ZgVo. WmoS>Š`mV,Eo{Vhm{gH$ gË` ho EH$M AgVo, Vo B{Vhmg {b{hUmè`m Aä`mgH$mMo n[aàoú`~Xbbo Var Vo ~XbV ZgVo. B{VhmgmVrb KQ>Zm§Mo AmH¥${V~§Y B{VhmgH$ma emoYVAgVmo; Vmo Vo AmH¥${V~§Y V`ma H$aV ZgVmo. B{VhmgH$mamMr àmW{_H$ {Zð>m dCÔoe dñVw{Zð> Eo{Vhm{gH$ gË` emoYyZ H$mT>Ê`mH$So> AgVmV.7

(gXVrg)

WmoSo> ImobmV OmD$Z n{hbo Va, "dñVw{Zð> Eo{Vhm{gH$ gË`' ho gmYZm§Zmà^wËd {Xbo VaM emoYbo OmD$ eH$Vo, Ago B{VhmgH$mam§Zm dmQy> bmJbo. åhUyZMXþæ`_ Eo{Vhm{gH$ gmYZm§da (g_H$mbrZ Zgboë`m) OmñV Adb§~yZ Z amhVm, _yiàmW{_H$ (g_H$mbrZ) gmYZo dmnaUo OmñV C{MV d g§ w{º$H$ g_Obo OmD$bmJbo. `mMm n[aUm_ åhUyZ "_yi gmYZm§Mm dmna H$am' Aem àH$maMr AQ>B{VhmgH$mam§Mr `mo½`Vm R>adÊ`mgmR>r dmnabr OmD$ bmJbr.

B{VhmgmÀ`m dmMH$m§Zr, darb gd© MM}dê$Z Oa H$moUVm YS>m ¿`m`Mm AgobVa Vmo hm H$s, H$moUË`mhr B{VhmgH$mamZo {b{hbobo {edM[aÌ g_OyZ ¿`m`MoAgob Va Ë`mMo dmMZ S>moignUo H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. H$moUVmhr B{VhmgH$magm§JVmo` åhUyZ Ë`mÀ`m H$moUË`mhr åhUÊ`mda {dœmg R>odUo ho AmOÀ`m OJVmV^m~So>nUmMo bjU hmoB©b. B{VhmgboIZ nÕVrMo nmbZ Ho$bo Amho Agm Xmdmgd©M B{VhmgH$ma H$aVmV. _mÌ Ë`m§Zr {H$Vr à_mUmV nmbZ Ho$bo Amho? {H$Vrà_mUmV X§VH$Wm qH$dm Am»`m{`H$m Xÿa gmê$Z gË` KQ>Zm§Mr H$mg Yabr Amho?AWdm àm_m{UH$nUo gmYZm§Mo Q>rH$mË_H$ narjU H$ê$Z gwg§JV AÝd`mW© bmdbmAmho H$m? ho R>adÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar dmMH$mMr AgVo. B{VhmgH$ma AZoH$ doimnwd©J«hXþ{fV gmYZm§Zm {dœmgmh© _mZVmV Am{U `m _wio B{Vhmg boIZmV {dn`m©goVmo. ho {deofV… ZmQ>ç_` qH$dm M_ËH$m[aH$ KQ>Zm§À`m ~m~VrV bjmV R>odUo

JaOoMo R>aVo. B{VhmgH$mamZo EImÚm ~IarMm AmYma KoD$Z Oa EImXr ZmQ>ç_`KQ>Zm a§Jdbr Agob, Va B{VhmgmMo {dH¥$VrH$aU hmoÊ`mMr XmQ> eŠ`Vm Amho, hodmMH$m§Zr bjmV R>odbo nm{hOo. {deofV… {edM[aÌmÀ`m g§X^m©V hr Jmoï> OmñV_hÎdmMr Amho.

AmOH$mb gd© B{Vhmg Aä`mgH$m§Zm ho _mhrV Amho H$s H$moUË`mhrB{VhmgH$mamH$Sy>Z e§^a Q>¸o$ dñVw{Zð>VoMr Anojm H$aUo C{MV Zmhr. B{VhmgH$maZoh_rM Amnbo nwd©J«h KoD$ZM Aä`mg H$aV AgVmo Am{U åhUyZ B{Vhmg dmMH$m§Zr{d»`mV B{VhmgH$ma B©.EM. H$ma `m§Zr {Xbobm g„m Camer ~miJUo JaOoMo Amho.B©. EM. H$ma `m§Zr Amnë`m ZmdmOboë`m "B{Vhmg åhUOo H$m`?' (What is

History?) øm J«§WmV åhQ>bo Amho H$s, Oa B{Vhmg dmMH$m§Zm B{Vhmg g_Om`MmAgob Va Ë`m§Zr B{VhmgH$mamMr AmoiI H$ê$Z KoVbr nm{hOo; Ë`mÀ`m S>moŠ`mV

(AS>Vrg)

H$m` Mmbbo hmoVo, Ë`mMr nwÝhm H$ënZm (re-enact) Ho$br nm{hOo. B{VhmgH$mamZo_m§S>bobr K{Q>Vo (facts) dmMÊ`mAmYr Ë`mMm Aä`mg Ho$bm nm{hOo d Ë`mÀ`m~Ôb _m{hVr {_idbr nm{hOo. Ë`mÀ`m S>moŠ`mV H$moUË`m _Y_mem AmhoV, hog_OyZ KoVbo nm{hOo Am{U _J Ë`mZo {b{hbobm B{Vhmg dmMVmZm Ë`m _Y_mí`m§MmJw§OZ ÜdZr EoH$bm nm{hOo. H$ma åhUVmo H$s, Oa dmMH$mbm ÜdZr EoHy$ Ambm ZmhrVa Vmo ~{ham Amho qH$dm Á`mZo B{Vhmg {b{hbm Amho Vmo EH$ gw_ma B{VhmgH$maAmho. WmoS>Š`mV, H$ma m§Zm Ago åhUm`Mo Amho H$s, àË oH$ B{VhmgH$ma _m{hVrÀ`mEH$m {demb AJå` g_wÐmVyZ Amnbr _m{hVr d KQ>rVo {ZdS>V AgVmo. Amnë`m{bImUmV Vmo H$moUVr _m{hVr dmnaVmo ho Ë`mÀ`m nyd©J«h qH$dm Ñ{ï>H$moZmda Adb§~yZAgVo.8 B{VhmgH$mamMm Ñ{ï>H$moZ d n[aàoú` OmUë`m{edm` Ë`mZo {d{eï> _m{hVrMmdmna {d{eï> {R>H$mUr H$m Ho$bm Amho ho dmMH$mbm g_OUo H$R>rU AgVo.

Cnamoº$ B{VhmgboIZ Ñ{ï>H$moZmMo àdmh ñnï> H$aÊ`mMo EHy$UM à`moOZ `mgmR>rM hmoVo H$s dmMH$m§Zm àñVwV {edM[aÌmMr g_H$mbrZ Cn wº$Vm d _`m©XmbjmV `mdr.

B{VhmgH$mamMr AmoiIH¥$îUamd AOw©Z Ho$iygH$a ho _yiMo H$moH$UmVrb d|Jwb} VmbwŠ`mVrb Ho$iyg

øm JmdMo hmoVo. Ë`m§Mm OÝ_ {X. 20 Am°JñQ> 1860 amoOr Pmbm. nwT>o Ë`m§À`md{S>bm§Zr Ë`m§Zm _w§~B©Vrb B§J«Or emioV KmVbo. _w§~B©Mo à{gÕ ZmJ[aH$ Zm_XmaZmZm C\©$ OJÞmW e§H$aeoQ> `m§À`m {e\$maer_wio Vo _mo\$V {ejU KoD$ eH$bo. VoB.g.1881 _Ü o _w§~B©Vrb {dëgZ hm`ñHy$b _YyZ _°{Q´>H$ Pmbo. B.g. 1886 _Ü o_w§~B© _Yrb {dëgZ hm`ñHy$b _Ü o {ejH$mMr ZmoH$ar ñdrH$mabr. hr emim {_eZaraoìha§S> Om°Z {dëgZ `m§Zr ñH$m°{Q>e {_eZar gmogm`Q>r øm p¼ñVr àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> n§WmgmR>rB.g. 1832 _Ü o gwê$ Ho$bobr hmoVr. nwT>o ømM Om°Z {dëgZZo _w§~B© {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m{dH$mgm_Ü o _hÎdnyU© y{_H$m ~Omdbr.9 Ho$iygH$a H$em àH$maMo {ejH$ AgmdoV`mMr OmUrd S>m°. Am§~oS>H$a m§À`m OrdZmVrb B.g. 1907 ‘Yrb EH$m àg§Jmdê$ZoVo. Ho$iygH$a ho J«§W dmMÊ`mgmR>r _w§~B©Vrb EH$m ~mJoV OmV AgV. VoWo Ë`m§Mm

g§nH©$ emioV {eH$V Agboë`m ^r_amd Am§~oS>H$am§er Ambm. Am§~oS>H$am§MmAä`mgynUm nmhÿZ Ho$iygH$am§Zr Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m g§J«hmVrb AZoH$ J«§W dmMm`bm

(EH$moUMmirg)

{Xbo. `m{edm` Ë`m§Mm ZdrZ J«§W "~wÕM[aÌ' ^oQ> {Xbm. Am§~oS>H$a ZwH$VoM_°{Q´>H$ nmg Pmbo hmoVo. Ë`m§Mo A{^Z§XZ Ho$iygH$a Am{U Wmoa g_mOgwYmaH$ gr.Ho$. ~mobo `m§Zr Ë`m§À`m Kar OmD$Z Ho$bo. Ë`m§Mm gËH$ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r EH$ g^mAm`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV Ambr. øm g^oMo AÜ`j ~mobo hmoVo d Ho$iygH$a XoIrbCnpñWV hmoVo. øm àg§Jmdê$Z ""XmoKm gm_m{OH$ ZoË`m§Mr Ñï>r {H$Vr {demb dH$er g_VmdmXr hmoVr ho H$iVo.''10 Amnë`mgmR>r _hÎdmMm moJm`moJ Agm H$s,àñVwV qghmdbmoH$Z H$aV Agboë`m Ho$iygH$a {bpIV "g§{já {edM[aÌmMr'àñVmdZm gr.Ho$. ~mobo `m§Zr {b{hbobr Amho!

H¥$îUamd Ho$iygH$a Amnë`m AmË_M[aÌmV ñdV…Mm g§X^© "~«m÷UoVa boIH$'Agm XoVmV . B.g. 1906 _Ü o {edM[aÌ à{gÕ Pmë`mda Ë`m§À`m _m§S>Ur_wio"~«÷d¥§Xmg' Pmboë`m ÌmgmMm C„oI Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m AmË_M[aÌmV Ho$bm Amho.11

H¥$îUamd Ho$iygH$am§Zr àH$m{eV Ho$bobo {edM[aÌ N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamOm§Mo d§eOH$moëhmnya g§ñWmZmMo A{YnVr N>ÌnVr emhÿ _hmamO m§À`m amOml`mZo à{gÕ Ho$bobohmoVo. øm {edM[aÌmMo nyU© erf©H$ j{Ì`Hw$bmdV§g N>ÌnVr {edmOr_hmamO `m§MoM[aÌ Ago hmoVo. B. g. 1902 gmbr H$moëhmnya g§ñWmZmV "doXmoº$ àH$aU' KS>bohmoVo. H$mhr ~«m÷U _§S>irZr N>ÌnVtÀ`m "j{Ì`Ëdmda' e§H$m KoVbr hmoVr. AemVUmdnyU© dmVmdaUmV Ho$iygH$am§Zr N>ÌnVr emhÿ _hmamOm§À`m d§emVrb N>ÌnVr{edmOr _hmamO d Ë`m§Mo nyd©O m§À`m "j{Ì` Hw$imMm' B{Vhmg CbJSy>Z XmIdUmaoM[aÌ {b{hbo hmoVo. Ho$iygH$a ñdV… ~«m÷UoÎma OmVrMo Agë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm XoIrbCƒ^«y ~«m÷U bmoH$m§Mm {VañH$ma ghZ H$amdm bmJbm hmoVm, ho Ë`m§Mo AmË_M[aÌdmMbo H$s ñnï> hmoVo.

B.g. 1919 _Ü o à{gÕ Pmbobo {edM[aÌmMo B§J«Or mfm§Va Am{U B.g. 1920_Ü o à{gÕ Pmbobr Xþgar Amd¥Îmr hr XoIrb N>ÌnVr emhÿ `m§À`mM Aml`mZoà{gÕ Ho$br Jobr hmoVr. B. g. 1922 gmbr N>ÌnVr emhÿ§Mm _¥Ë y Pmbm, `m_wioB. g. 1927 _Ü o à{gÕ Ho$bobo "g§{já {edM[aÌ', Ho$iygH$am§Zr N>ÌnVr emhÿ§ModmagXma N>ÌnVr amOmam_ `m§À`m Aml`mImbr à{gÕ Ho$bo. Ho$iygH$am§Mm N>ÌnVremhÿ§À`m gmaIm EH$ àmJ{VH$ amOH$s` Ñ{ï>H$moZ hmoVm. Ë`m§Mm ~«m÷UoVa MidirÀ`m{dMmam§Zm d Añn¥í` Am{U _mJmgboë`m dJm©Vrb bmoH$m§À`m CÕmambm nmqR>~m hmoVm.

(Mmirg)

H¥$îUamd Ho$iygH$a ho _hmË_m \w$bo `m§À`m ghdmgmV Amë`m_wio Ë`m§À`mdagË`emoYH$ {dMmam§Mm à^md hmoVm. Ho$iygH$am§À`m _Vo ""OmË`m{^_mZ, Om{V^oX,Añn¥í`Vm, Om{V_Ëga, dU©loð>ËdmMm Ah§^md hrM Amnë`m g_mOmÀ`m, XoemÀ`mAdZVrMr _yi H$maUo AmhoV, Vr Xÿa Z H$aVm Oo XoemÀ`m amOH$s` ñdmV§Í`mMrMidi H$aVmV Ë`m_wio XoemoÕma hmoUma Zmhr.'' Ë`m§Mr Aer àm_m{UH$ YmaUmhmoVr H$s, ""gdm©Wm©Zo _mJmgboë`m d Jwbm_rV nS>boë`m Amnë`m g_mOmbm{edmOr_hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ _mJ©Xe©H$ d àoaUmXm`r R>aVo.''12

Ho$iygH$am§À`m g§{já {edM[aÌmMm nyd}{VhmgH¥$îUamd Ho$iygH$am§Zr {edmOr _hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ B.g. 1903 _Ü oM {bhm`bm

hmVr KoVbo hmoVo. _amR>m àm°ìhrS§>Q> \§$S>mMo lr. JmoqdXamd Xidr `m§Mr BÀN>m hmoVrH$s \§$S>mÀ`m _m\©$V {edmOr _hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ à{gÕ ìhmdo. _mÌ Ë`m§Mm AH$mbr_¥Ë y Pmë`mZo Ë`m§Mr hr BÀN>m AnyU© am{hbr hmoVr. JmoqdXamdm§Mo ~§Yy lr XmOr~mXidr ho Ho$iygH$am§Mo na_{_Ì hmoVo. Vo d Ë`m§Mo Xþgao ~§Yy am_M§Ðamd Xidr `m§ZrJmoqdXamdm§Mr BÀN>m nyU© H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo {edM[aÌ nyU© H$aÊ`mMr O~m~XmarHo$iygH$am§da gmon{dbr. {edM[aÌ {b{hÊ`mMo H$m_ gmÜ` H$aÊ`mgmR>r ¿`mdo bmJboë¶mH$ï>m§Mo dU©Z Ho$iygH$am§Zr Amnë`m AmË_M[aÌmV Ago Ho$bo Amho: ""ho H$m_ hmoB©bVodT>o {ZXm}f nwao H$amd`mMo Agm {ZYm©a H$ê$Z _r Ë`mg bmJUmè`m gm{hË`mMrOwidmOwid gmYob VodT>r nwar Ho$br. {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m g§~§Yr OodT>m åhUyZN>mnrb _OHy$a hmoVm VodT>m gJim dmMyZ Ë`mMr {Q>nUo _r KoVbr. {edm` EH$-XmoZhñV{bpIV J«§Whr _r nm{hbo'' Ho$iygH$am§Zr {b{hbobo {edM[aÌ B.g. 1907_Ü o àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV Ambo.

H¥$îUamd Ho$iygH$am§Zr nwT>o Á`m§Zm _amR>r oV Zmhr Aem bmoH$m§n ªV {edam`m§Mm`WmW© d gmYmaU B{Vhmg nmohmoMmdm åhUyZ Ë`m§À`m _amR>r {edM[aÌmMo B§J«Or^mfm§Va H$aÊ`mMm CnH«$_ hmVr KoVbm. _w§~B© _Yrb {dëgZ H$m°boO_Yrb B§J«Or^mfoMo àmÜ`mnH$ {ZbH§$R>amd VmH$mImd `m§Zr ho ^mfm§Va Ho$bo. àm. VmH$mImd ho{M{H$ËgH$ ~wÕrMo hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr Ho$iygH$am§À`m J«§WmMo ZwgVoM mfm§Va Ho$bo Zmhr, VaJ«§WmV Ho$bobr {dYmZo Eo{Vhm{gH$ gË`mÀ`m H$gmoQ>rda Iar CVaVmV H$m, ho XoIrbVnmgyZ nm{hbo. `m{edm` J«±Q> S>\$, ga OXþZmW gaH$ma, gr. E. qH$Ho$S> `m§Zr

(EHo$Mmirg)

B§J«OrV {b{hboë`m {edM[aÌmVyZ {Z_m©U Pmbobo nyd©J«h d J¡ag_OwVr Xÿa H$aÊ`mMmà`ËZ Ho$bm. àm. VmH$mImd `m§Zr {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m ~m~VrV Pmbobo ZdrZg§emoYZ dmMyZ J«§WmÀ`m B§J«Or Amd¥Îmr_Ü o OmJmoOmJr â KmVbobr AmT>iVo.{edM[aÌmMo B§J«Or ^mfm§Va V`ma H$aÊ`mZo Ho$iygH$am§Zm _amR>r Amd¥Îmr _Ü o âKmbÊ`mMr g§Yr àmá H$ê$Z {Xbr. B. g. 1920 _Ü o Ho$iygH$am§Zr {edM[aÌmMrXþgar Amd¥Îmr à{gÕ Ho$br. øm Xþgè`m Amd¥ÎmrV Ë`m§Zr nwîH$i _OHy$amMr âKmVbr hmoVr. {edM[aÌmMo B§J«Or mfm§Va V`ma Pmbo Agbo Var Vo à{gÕ H$aÊ`mgmR>rn¡gm C^m H$aUo AdKS> hmoVo.

{edmOr _hmamOm§Mo B§J«Or M[aÌ H$go N>mnbo Jobo `mMr Jmoï> Ho$iygH$am§ZrAmnë`m AmË_M[aÌmV {bhÿZ R>odbr Amho. ~S>moXm g§ñWmZmMo gaXma ImgoamdOmYd `m§Mr Ho$iygH$am§er OwZr AmoiI hmoVr. Vo EH$Xm _w§~B©V Ambo AgVm§ZmHo$iygH$am§Zr Ë`m§Zm ôQ> {Xbr. H$mhr JßnmJmoï>r Pmë`mda Imgoamd OmYdm§ZrHo$iygH$am§Zm {dMmabo, ""Vwåhr ~§JmbÀ`m OXþZmW gaH$mam§Zm {edmOr g§~§YrMrH$mhr _m{hVr H$m XoV Zmhr? Vo B§J«Or {edM[aÌ {b{hV AmhoV.'' `mda Ho$iygH$aË`m§Zm åhUmbo, ""Am_À`m amï>dramMo M[aÌ Vo H$m`go {b{hUma? AmåhrM Vo {b{hbonm{hOo.'' `mda OmYd åhUmbo, ""Am_À`mH$So> Ë`m§À`mBVH$m Mm§Jbo {b{hUmamH$moU Amho?'' Ho$iygH$a åhUmbo, ""_r _amR>rV {b{hbobo M[aÌ Amnë`mbm ng§VAmho H$m`? Ë`mMo B§J«Or ^mfm§Va _r EH$m n§{S>VmH$Sy>Z H$a{dbo AgyZ Vo EH$m_moR>çm B§J«O {dÛmZ J¥hñWm§H$Sy>Z Vnmgbo Amho. Vo N>mnmd`mg Ðì` Zmhr åhUyZ VonSy>Z am{hbo Amho.'' Imgoamd OmYdm§Zr mfm§Va Ho$bobm J«§W nmhÊ`mgmR>r _m{JVbm.Ho$iygH$am§Zr Ë`m§Zm B§J«Or J«§WmMm eodQ>Mm mJ nmhm`bm {Xbm. OmYdm§Zm eodQ>Mm^mJ Iyn AmdS>bm d Ë`m§Zr Ho$iygH$am§Zm ho dMZ {Xbo H$s J«§W N>mnÊ`mgmR>rbmJUmao n¡go Vo {_idyZ XoVrb. bdH$aM OmYdm§Zr Amnbo dMZ nyU© Ho$bo Am{Uàm. VmH$mImd d Ho$iygH$a {bpIV N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamOm§Mo B§J«Or M[aÌ B.g.1921 _Ü o N>mnbo Jobo.

B.g. 1927 _Ü o "{ÌeVgm§dËg[aH$ {edO §Vr CËgd' _moR>çm CËgmhmZogmOam Ho$bm Jobm. _w§~B© _Yrb à{gÕ gm_m{OH$ g§ñWm _amR>m EoŠ oÀNw> gôZo ømg_ma§ mMo Am¡{MË` gmYyZ {edmOr _hmamOm§Mm EH$ ñ_maH$ J«§W åhUyZ Ho$iygH$am§Zr

(~oMmirg)

{b{hboë`m M[aÌmMr g§{já Amd¥Îmr à{gÕ Ho$br. ømM gôZo gZ 1887 _Ü o_hmamï´>m_Ü o {edO §Vr CËgd gmOam H$aÊ`mMr na§nam gwê$ Ho$br hmoVr. gôMoAÜ`j grVmam_ Ho$ed ~mobo `m§Zr J«§WmÀ`m àñVmdZoV gm§{JVë`mà_mUo ""...{dÚmWuOZm§Zm Am_À`m {edam`mÀ`m C‚db M[aÌmMr _m{hVr ìhmdr åhUyZ hog§{já M[aÌ _amR>m EoŠ oÀNw> gôZ| gwà{gÕ J«§WH$ma am. am. H¥$îUamd AOw©Z Ho$iygH$a`m§À`mH$Sy>Z V`ma H$a{dbo Amho. Ë`m§Zr {b{hboë`m 614 n¥îR>m§À`m {dñV¥V M[aÌmMmhm 158 n¥îR>m§Mm g§jon Amho. Var nU {edam`mÀ`m M[aÌmVrb gJù`m H$Wmàg§JmMm`mV g_mdoe Pmbm Amho. Ë`m_wio ho nwñVH$ {edam`m§Mo g§H${bV M[aÌ H$iÊ`mgMm§Jbo Cn`moJr nS>Ê`mgmaIo Amho.''

g§{já M[aÌm_Üò dJibobm _OHy$a

g§{já M[aÌmV "_mbmoOramOo m§Mo d¥Îm' hm _OHy$a mJ Xþgam åhUyZ N>mnÊ`mVAmbobm Amho. hm _OHy$a {edM[aÌmÀ`m Xþgè`m Amd¥ÎmrVrb 'nyd©Od¥Îm' øm n{hë`m^mJm_Üò g_m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Ambm hmoVm. Xþgè`m Amd¥ÎmrVrb ^mJ gmVdm"ñdgÎmmd¥Õr', ^mJ ~mamdm-{dOmnya gaH$maÀ`m Xþgè`m gaXmamMm nam^d, ^mJMm¡Xmdm-{nV¥Xe©Z, ^mJ AÇ>m{dgmdm-B§J«O d {gÔr, ^mJ EH${Vgmdm- Xm¡bVrMm{heo~ Am{U ^mJ ~Îmrgmdm-JwUXmof{ddoMZ, ho g§{já Amd¥ÎmrV dJiÊ`mV AmboAmhoV. `m{edm` Xþgè`m Amd¥ÎmrV Ho$iygH$am§Zr {Xboë`m g{dñVa Q>rnm g§{jáAmd¥ÎmrV dJiÊ`mV Amë`m d ~amM _OHy$a XoIrb H$_r H$aÊ`mV Ambm.

n[aUm_r g_J« {edM[aÌ Oo 613 n¥ð>m§Mo hmoVo; Vo g§{já Amd¥ÎmrV \$º$ 157n¥ð>m§Mo Pmbo. EH§$XarV, g§{já Amd¥ÎmrMr n¥ð> g§»`m 613 dê$Z 157 BVH$s H$_rH$aÊ`mgmR>r Ho$iygH$am§Zm _moR>çm à_mUmV H$mQ>N>mQ> H$amdr bmJbr. øm_wio Oar{edmOr _hmamOm§À`m OrdZmVrb _hÎdmÀ`m KS>m_moS>tMm A§V^m©d g§{já M[aÌmVPmbm Agbm Var Ë`m§À`m OrdZ d H$m`m©Mm Ho$iygH$am§Zr H$mT>bobm AÝd`mW©amhÿZ Jobm Amho. {edM[aÌmÀ`m mfm§V[aV B§J«Or J«§WmV eodQ>À`m àH$aUmMo erf©H$Character (Mm[aÍ`) Ago Amho. {edM[aÌmÀ`m Xþgè`m Amd¥Îmr_Ü o ho àH$aU"JwUXmof{ddoMZ' øm erf©H$mImbr N>mnbo Amho. _mÌ g§{já {edM[aÌmV ho àH$aUdJiÊ`mV Ambo Amho.

(ÌoMmirg)

eodQ>Mm ^mJ dJië`mZo Ho$iygH$am§Zr {edM[aÌmMm bmdbobm AÝd`mW©A{^ì`º$ H$am`Mm amhÿZ Jobm Amho. Ho$iygH$am§Zr Ho$bobo {edmOr _hmamOm§À`mOrdZ d H$m`m©Mo {ddoMZ ho gÚ…pñWVrV XoIrb _mJ©Xe©H$ R>aV Agë`m_wioË`mMm oWo WmoS>Š`mV AmT>mdm KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho.

Ho$iygH$a {bpIV {edM[aÌmMm _{VVmW©H¥$îUamd Ho$iygH$am§Zr Amnë`m {edM[aÌmV Aem {H$Ë oH$ Jmoï>r n{hë`m§Xm

_m§S>ë`m Á`m_wio Ë`mH$mimV àM{bV Agboë`m B{VhmgmÀ`m _m§S>Urbm AmìhmZ{Z_m©U Pmbo. Ë`mVrb H$mhr ~m~tMr MMm© Imbr Ho$br Amho.

{edM[aÌmV AmOda gdm©V OmñV MMm© Pmbobm dmXJ«ñV _wÔm åhUOo XmXmoOrH$m|S>Xod, am_Xmgñdm_r d {edmOr _hmamO `m§À`mVrb Jwé-{eî` g§~§Y. H¥$îUamdHo$iygH$a m§Zr ho g§~§Y H$nmobH$pënV AgyZ EH$mhr {dœgZr` Eo{Vhm{gH$ nwamì`mVyZ`mbm XþOmoam {_iV Zmhr ho ZdrZ gmYZm§À`m AmYmao XmIdbo. N>ÌnVr {edmOr_hmamOm§Zm Ë`m§À`m ñdamÁ` ñWmnZoÀ`m CnH«$_mV XmXmoOr H$m|S>Xod, am_Xmgñdm_rqH$dm ehmOr _hmamOm§À`m BVa H$moUË`mhr godH$mMm CnXoe qH$dm _gbV {_imbrZmhr. Ho$iygH$am§À`m _Vo, {edmOr _hmamO XmXmoOr H$m|S>Xod `m§Mo EoH$V ZgV.am_Xmg ñdm_tMm Am{U {edmOr _hmamOm§Mm \$magm g~§Y _hmamOm§Mm amÁ`m{^foH$hmoB©n ªV Ambobm ZìhVm. WmoS>Š`mV gm§Jm`Mo Va, {edmOr _hmamOm§Zm ñdamÁ`ñWmnZogmR>r am_Xmgñdm_r `m§À`mH$Sy>Z ñ\y$Vu {_imbr ZìhVr. {edmOr _hmamOm§ZrOo ñdamÁ` gmÜ` Ho$bo Vo H$moUmÀ`mhr _mJ©Xe©Zm_wio Ho$bo Zmhr, Va Ë`m§À`m R>m`rAgboë`m j_VoÛmao d Ë`m§À`m JwUm§_wio Ho$bo.

H¥$îUamd Ho$iygH$am§Zr Ý`m`_yVu amZSo> m§À`m _amR>m gÎmoMm CËH$f© øm J«§WmVrbw{º$dmXmbm ZH$ma {Xbm Amho. Ý`m`_yVu amZSo> `m§Zr Amnë`m J«§WmV ho _m§S>bo hmoVo

H$s, ""{edam`m§Mm _hmamï´>mnwaVmM ñdamÁ` ñWmnÊ`mMm CÔoe d à`ËZ hmoVm.''Ho$iygH$am§Zr AZoH$ gmYZm§Mm AmYma KoD$Z Ý`m`_yVu amZSo> `m§Mo åhUUo ImoSy>ZH$mTy>Z XmIdyZ {Xbo H$s, {edmOr _hmamOm§Mm ApIb qhXþñWmZmV ñdamÁ` ñWmnZH$aÊ`mMm hoVy hmoVm. Ho$iygH$aH¥$V {edM[aÌ dmMV AgVm§Zm EH$ _wÔm Ü`mZmVR>odbm nm{hOo, Vmo hm H$s Vo {edmOr _hmamOm§Mo n{hbo g_J« M[aÌ hmoVo. Ë`m_wioË`m§Zm BVa B{VhmgH$mam§Zr nyd©J«hXþ{fV gmYZm§À`m Amhmar OmD$Z {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m

(MìdoMmirg)

g§~§{YV Ho$bobr dmXJ«ñV {dYmZo ImoSy>Z H$mT>mdr bmJbr. N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamOm§daPmbobm ~§S>ImoanUm, H$nQ>rnUm, H«y$anUmMm Amamon Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m w{º$dmXmZoImoSy>Z H$mT>bm Amho.

EH$m {Q>no_Ü o Ë`m§Zr ga OXþZmW gaH$mam§Zr {b{hboë`m {edM[aÌmMr H$R>moag_rjm Ho$br Amho. OXþZmW gaH$ma `m§Zr B§J«Or ^mfoV {edM[aÌ {b{hbo hmoVo. Vo_yiMo _wKb H$mbI§S>mMo B{VhmgH$ma Agë`m_wio Am{U Ë`m§Zm \$magr mfm AdJVAgë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr {edM[aÌ {b{hÊ`mgmR>r \$magr gmYZm§Mm _moR>çm à_mUmVdmna Ho$bm hmoVm. gaH$mam§Zr dmnabobr ~hþVm§e gmYZo hr nwd©J«hXþ{fV Agë`mH$maUmZoË`mVrb AZwdm{XV _OHy$a hm {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m g§X^m©V "AZwXmaVoMo d AgË`_`C„oI' H$aUmam hmoVm. `m {edm` gaH$mam§Zr _hmamOm§Zm g§~moYÊ`mgmR>r "{edm'Agm {VañH$ma gyMH$ EHo$ar eãX dmnabm hmoVm. gaH$mam§À`m øm _m§S>UrMm `mo½`g_mMma KoD$Z Ho$iygH$a ho _V _m§S>VmV H$s, ""ho EHo$ar Zmd dmMyZ Iè`mXoe^º$m§À`m d {deofV… _hmamOm§{df`r `WmW© A{^_mZ dmQ>Umè`m _hmamï´>r`m§À`m_Zmbm dmB©Q> dmQ>Ê`mgmaIo Amho.''13

gaH$mam§Zr hm EHo$ar eãX dmnaë`m_wio AZoH$ _amR>r bmoH$m§_Ü o àjmo^ {Z_m©UPmbm hmoVm. _amR>çm§Mo »`mVZm_ B{VhmgH$ma Am{U gaH$mam§Mo na_{_Ì Jmo.g.gaXogmB© `m§Zr XoIrb `m~m~V gaH$mam§Zm EH$ nÌ {bhÿZ OXþZmW gaH$mam§Zm EH$d¡`{º$H$ gyMZm Ho$br hmoVr H$s, Ë`m§Zr {b{hboë`m {edM[aÌmÀ`m nwT>À`m Amd¥ÎmrV"{edm' øm eãXmÀ`m OmJr "{edmOr' Agm C„oI H$amdm.14

{deof Z_yX H$aÊ`mMr Jmoï> Aer H$s, Ho$iygH$am§Zr {edmOr _hmamOm§darbÐì`bmo mZo byQ> Ho$ë`mÀ`m AmamonmMo g{dñVa I§S>Z Ho$bo. Ë`mH$mimV H$mhr bmoH$m§_Ü ohm J¡ag_O ngabm hmoVm H$s _hmamOm§Zr Ðì` {_idÊ`mgmR>r eÌy àXoemV h„oHo$ë`m_wio AñdñWVm {Z_m©U Pmbr hmoVr. Ho$iygH$am§Zr w{º$dmX Ho$bm H$s {edmOr_hmamOm§Zm ñdamÁ` ñWmnZogmR>r d Ë`mMo g§ajU H$aÊ`mgmR>r g§nÎmrMr JaO hmoVr`mV H$moUVrhr e§H$m Zmhr. _mÌ, _hmamOm§Zr hr g§nÎmr {_idÊ`mgmR>r "{Z~ªYa{hV'byQ> Ho$br Zmhr. eÌy àXoemV h„o H$aVm§Zm _amR>m g¡{ZH$m§Zm H$mhr {Z`_ nmimdobmJV AgV. _amR>r g¡{ZH$m§da _hmamOm§Zr R>a{dbobo A§Hw$e Agë`m_wio eÌyàXoemV XoIrb ""Jar~ a`Vog d eoVH$è`mg Ë`mÀ`m bmoH$m§H$Sy>Z _wirM CnÐd

(n§MoMmirg)

hmoV Zgo.''15 eÌy àXoemda hmoUmao h„o ho Ë`m§Mr eº$s jrU ìhmdr åhUyZ Ho$bo OmVAgV. gVV hmoUmè`m ÌmgmnmgyZ _wº$ hmoÊ`mgmR>r A{Xbehm d Hw$Vw~emh dm{f©H$I§S>Ur XoÊ`mgmR>r V`ma Pmbo. Z§Va Ë`m§Zr _amR>çm§Mo Mm¡WmB© d gaXoe_wIr H$aJmoim H$aÊ`mMo h¸$ XoIrb H$~yb Ho$bo. Ho$iygH$am§Zr g_H$mbrZ amOH$s` n[apñWVrModmñVd dmMH$m§À`m nwT>o CbJSy>Z _hmamOm§Zr eÌy àXoemV Ho$boë`m AmH«$_Um§MoAm{U g§nÎmr g§J«hmMo g_W©Z Ho$bo.

_hmamï´>m_Yrb H$mhr {dMmad§Vm§_Ü o Ë`m H$mimV EH$ {dMma à^mdr hmoVmH$s, _hmamï´>mÀ`m H$mZmH$monè`mV ^mJdVY_© ngaë`m_wio g_mOmVrb Cƒ-ZrM^mdZm H$_r Pmbr. `m_wio OmVrO_mVr EH${ÌV Amë`m Am{U Ë`m§À`m_Ü o EH$s{Z_m©U Pmbr. nwT>o am_Xmgñdm_r `m§Zr ^mJdV Y_m©Mo énm§Va _hmamï´> Y_m©_Ü oHo$bo. n[aUm_r, {edmOr _hmamO Am{U Ë`m§À`m ghH$mè¶m§Zm _amR>çm§Mo ñdamÁ`ñWmnZ H$aUo eŠ` Pmbo. Ho$iygH$am§Zr øm {dMmambm {damoY Ho$bm. Ë`m§Zr ho _m§S>boH$s, mJdV Y_m©Zo gm_m{OH$ CƒZrM \w$Q>raVo_Ü o {eWrbVm AmUë`m_wio {edmOr_hmamOm§Zm _amR>r bmoH$m§Zr nmqR>~m {Xbm, hm {dMma MwH$sMm hmoVm. Ho$iygH$am§Zrw{º$dmX H$ê$Z hm {ZîH$f© H$mT>bm H$s, {edmOr _hmamOm§Zr ""Omo EdT>m bmoH$g§J«h

Ho$bm d Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z Oo ho Anyd© XoeH$m © H$a{dbo Ë`mÀ`m _wimer ... Ho$di_hmamOm§À`m A§JÀ`m Abm¡{H$H$ H$am_VtMo Vo \$i hmo`.'' Ho$iygH$a Ago åhUVmVH$s, ""{edmOr _hmamOm§À`m emMr H$maU_r_m§gm Aem àH$mao H$aUo åhUOo Am_À`mM[aÌZm`H$mÀ`m dmñV{dH$ `mo½`Vog bKwËd AmUUo hmo`.''16

Ho$iygH$am§Zr {edM[aÌmÀ`m Amd¥ÎmrÀ`m eodQ>À`m àH$aUmVrb eodQ>À`m VrZnmoQ>- ^mJm§Mr erf©Ho$ - "àH¥$V M[aÌmnmgyZ ~moY', "bmoH$mJ«UtZr KoÊ`mgmaIm~moY', "g§gmar OZm§Zt KoÊ`mOmoJm ~moY' Aer {Xbr AmhoV. øm eodQ>À`m nmZm§_Ü oHo$iygH$am§Zr g§ñWm{ZH$m§Zr, bmoH$mJ«Ur§Zr d gm_mÝ` g§gmar bmoH$m§Zr {edM[aÌmnmgyZH$m` ~moY ¿`mdm `m~Ôb Amnbo {dMma _m§S>bo AmhoV.

{~«Q>re A_bmVrb g§ñWmZr amÁ`H$Ë`mªZm Ë`m§Zr hm g„m {Xbm H$s, VbdmaKoD$Z wÕ H$aÊ`mMo {Xdg Jobo Agbo Var {edmOr _hmamOm§Zr Á`mà_mUo ñdamÁ`mgmR>rn[al_ KoVbo Ë`mM àH$maMo n[al_ Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m OZVoMr n[apñWVr gwYmaÊ`mgmR>rKoVbo nm{hOo. g_mOmVrb _mJmgboë`m KQ>H$m§Mr pñWVr gwYmaÊ`mgmR>r {deof

(eohoMmirg)

Cnm` Ho$bo nm{hOo. amOmZo H$mhrhr Ho$bo Var MmbVo Agm J¡ag_O H$ê$Z KoD$ Z o.OrdZm_Ü o AmMaU H$aVmZm Ë`m§Zr {edmOr _hmamOm§Mo AmMaU {H$Vr {ZXm}f hmoVo,ho gVV Ü`mZmV R>odmdo.

Ho$iygH$am§gmR>r g_mOmVrb bmoH$mJ«Ur ì`º$sMm dJ© _hÎdmMm hmoVm. g_mOmÀ`mH$ë`mUmgmR>r, Ë`mÀ`m CËH$fm©gmR>r doJdoJù`m g§ñWm MmbdUmam hm dJ© hmoVm.Aem bmoH$m§Zr {edmOr _hmamOm§Zr CÎm_ àH$mao gmYboë`m bmoH$derH$aUmÀ`mH$boMm Adb§~ Ho$bm nm{hOo. {edmOr _hmamOm§Zr Ho$di amÁ`V¥îUmde hmoD$Z\$º$ ñdV…Mo d¡^d dmT>dÊ`mgmR>r Oa IQ>nQ> Ho$br AgVr Va Ë`m§Zm øm àM§S>_amR>r OZg_yhmZo nmqR>~m {Xbm ZgVm. _mÌ, {edmOr _hmamOm§Mm hoVy hm naH$sÀÝ`m`H$mar eÌyMr gÎmm Zï> H$ê$Z ñdamÁ` ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mMm Agë`m_wio hm hoVy{gÕrg ZoÊ`mgmR>r bmoH$ Ë`m§À`m _mJo Cô am{hbo. Ho$iygH$a hr H$iH$i ì`º$H$aVmV H$s, ^maVm_Ü o AZoH$ Y_©, AZoH$ OmVr àM{bV Agë`m_wio g_mOmMoApñVËd I§S>rV Pmbo Amho. bmoH$m§_Ü o ñdY_m©{^_mZ d ñdOmË`m{^_mZ ngaë`m_wiobmoH$m§À`m öX`mV EH$_oH$m§Mm _Ëga d hodm {Z_m©U Pmbm Amho; Vo EH$_oH$mbm hrZd VwÀN> g_OV AmhoV. Aem pñWVrV g_mOmVrb bmoH$mJ«Ur _§S>irZr OañdV…À`m OmVrÀ`m AWdm Y_m©À`m bmoH$m§Zm EH$ H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mo {hV gmYÊ`mMmà`ËZ Ho$bm, Va Ë`m§Zm BVa bmoH$m§Mo ghmæ` {_iUma Zmhr. n[aUm_r, g§Keº$sbmJUmar H$m } èñdr hmoUma ZmhrV.

H¥$îUamd Ho$iygH$am§À`m _Vo, oWo g_mO ZoË`m§Zr {edmOr _hmamOm§H$Sy>Z àoaUmKoVbr nm{hOo. {edmOr _hmamOm§Zr A_wH$ EH$m OmVrda AWdm bmoH$g_yhmda{deof H¥$nmÑï>r Ho$br, Ago H$Yrhr Pmbo Zmhr; Ë`m§Zr gdm©Zm g_mZ dmJUyH${Xbr, H$moUVmhr oX^md Ho$bm Zmhr. nwT>o noedmB© _Ü o {edmOr _hmamOm§Mo ho YmoaUnmibo Jobo Zgë`m_wio OmË`m{^_mZ nwÝhm EH$Xm C\$miyZ Ambm. ømMmM n[aUm__amR>r _mUgmbm nwT>rb AZoH$ eVHo$ ^moJmdm bmJV Amho. Oa _hmamï´>mV EH$sZm§Xm`Mr Agob Va gm_m{OH$ ZoË`m§Zr ho Ü`mZmV KoUo Oéar hmoVo H$s,""OmË`m{^_mZ_ybH$ njnmV d _Ëga^md m§Mm gm§àVÀ`m X¡Ý`mdñWoV g_yi CÀN>oXhmoUo AË §V Bï> hmo`.''17

(gÎmoMmirg)

{edM[aÌ dmMyZ gm_mÝ` bmoH$m§Zr ho bjmV ¿`m`Mo Amho H$s, CÚmoJerbVm,{Zì ©gZrnU , ÑT> {Zü`, gXmMma, gmhg, ~w{Õ_Îmm, Hw$ebVm BË`mXr JwU Oo{edmOr _hmamOm§À`m ì`{º$_Îdm_Ü o {dH${gV Pmbo hmoVo, Vo JwU Omonmgbo Vaàn§À`mV Zoh_r gwI d `e bm^Vo. Ho$iygH$a åhUVmV, {edM[aÌmnmgyZ bmoH$m§Zrho {eH$bo nm{hOo H$s, gmd©O{ZH$ {hVg§~§YmV ImgJr Ûof d _Ëga ~miJy Z o dOm{V^oX d CƒZrMVm ZmH$mê$Z gm_m{OH$ EoŠ` Am{U nañnaào_ Omonmgmdo.Ho$iygH$am§À`m _Vo, H$moUË`mhr Y_m©Mm AWdm OmVrMm A{^_mZ ~miJyZ g_mOmVXþ\$ir qH$dm H$bh {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mMo {Xdg am{hbo ZmhrV. Ë`m_wio Ago H$aUmè`m§Mmgm_mÝ` bmoH$m§Zr {ZfoY d A{Yjon Ho$bm nm{hOo. Ë`mbm Amnë`m OmVrMm AmhoqH$dm Y_m©Mm Amho Ago åhUyZ nmR>rer KmbVm H$m_m Z o. eodQ>r Ë`m§Zr gm_mÝ`{edM[aÌ dmMH$mda EH$ _hÎdmMr O~m~Xmar Q>mH$br H$s, ""ñdY_m©Mm qH$dmñdOmVrMm Anà`moOH$ qH$dm Xþh}VwH$ A{^_mZ {MÎmmV ~miJyZ Oo bmoH$mJ«Urg_mOmV d¡a^md d Xþ\$ir _mO{dÊ`mg àd¥Îm hmoV AgVrb Ë`m§Mo AJ«UrËd {~bHw$b_mÝ` H$am`Mo Zmhr d Ë`mg H$moUË`mhr àH$maMo CÎmoOZ Úmd`mMo Zmhr.''18

H¥$îUamd Ho$iygH$a `m§Zr g_J« {edM[aÌmÀ`m eodQ>r {edmOr _hmamOm§À`mOrdZ d H$m`m©_YyZ {_iUmè`m àoaUm§Mm Cn`moJ g_Vm, Ý`m` d ~§YwVm øm AmYw{ZH$_yë`m§da AmYmaboë`m Zdg_mO {Z{_©VrgmR>r H$gm _mJ©Xe©H$ R>ê$ eH$Vmo, ho XmIdyZ{Xbo Amho. hmM Ho$iygH$am§À`m {edM[aÌmMm _{VVmW© Amho.

dmMH$m§Zm gyMZmH¥$îUamd Ho$iygH$a {bpIV {edM[aÌmMr g§{já Amd¥Îmr B.g. 1927 _Ü o

àH$m{eV Pmbr. Á`m H$mimV Ho$iygH$a {b{hV hmoVo Ë`m H$mimV {edM[aÌ boIH$m§daAgboë`m Eo{Vhm{gH$ gmYZo d Ñ{ï>H$moZmÀ`m ~m~VrVrb _`m©Xm§Mr da MMm©PmbrM Amho. Ho$iygH$am§da XoIrb øm _`m©Xm hmoË`m ho dmMH$m§Zr bjmV R>odbonm{hOo. Ë`mH$mimV {edM[aÌmMo gwg§JV H$WZ ìhmdo åhUyZ B{VhmgH$mam§Zm _amR>r~Iatda d CÎmaH$mbrZ gmYZm§da Adb§~yZ amhmdo bmJV Ago. Añgb _yiH$mJXnÌo \$maM Aën à_mUmV CnbãY Agë`m_wio {edM[aÌ H$WmZH$m_Ü o AZoH$\$Q>r amhV AgV. gmh{OH$M M[aÌH$ma øm \$Q>r ~IarVrb _OHy$a dmnê$Z ^ê$ZH$mT>V AgV. 20ì`m eVH$mÀ`m àma§ r {b{hUmao ~hþVoH$ {edM[aÌH$ma øm AS>MUrVAS>H$bobo Amnë`mbm {XgVmV. Ho$iygH$aXoIrb `mbm AndmX ZìhVo.

(AÇoMmirg)

da gm§{JVë`mà_mUo _amR>r ~Iat_Ü o A{Ve`moº$s, M_ËH$m[aH$ KQ>Zm, {_WHo$d Am»`m{`H$m `m§Mm gwigwimQ> hmoVm. ~hþVoH$ ~Iar CÎmaH$mbrZ Eo{Vhm{gH$gmYZo Agë`m_wio Ë`m_Ü o {Xbobr _m{hVr VmH$ \w§$Hy$Z ß`mdo Ver dmnabr VaMB{VhmgH$mamMm hoVy gmÜ` hmoD$ eH$Vmo. Ho$iygH$am§Zr Oar ~IarVrb _m{hVr OnyZdmnabr Agbr Var Ë`m§Zr {b{hbobo {edM[aÌ ho Eo{Vhm{gH$ gmYZ åhUyZ ~IatMmOmo Xmof hmoVm Ë`mnmgyZ _wº$ amhÿ eH$bo Zmhr. H$mhr ~Iar øm {d{eï> ^y{_Ho$VyZ{b{hboë`m AmhoV. CXmhaUmW© ~Iat_Ü o {edmOr _hmamOm§Zm gmjmV AdVma_mZÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo. Ë`m§À`mda dmZr XodrMr H¥$nm Ñï>r hmoVr, dmZr Xodr {edmOr_hmamOm§À¶m A§JmV g§MmaV Ago d Ë`m§À`m _wImVyZ ñdV… ~mobV Ago; g^mgXAm{U {MQ>Urg ~Iat_Ü o Va Aer A{Ve`moº$s Ho$br Amho H$s, _hmamOm§À`m_wImVyZ XodrZo ~mobbobo AmXoe H$mhr H$maHy$Z {bhÿZ KoV AgV. Xþgao Ago H$s{MQ>Urg ~Ia gma»`m gmYZm§_Ü o {edmOr _hmamOm§Zr ñdamÁ` ñWmnZoMm CnH«$_hm qhXþ Y_m©À`m g§ajUmgmR>r d _hmamï´>m_Yrb _wñbr_ gÎmm Zï> H$aÊ`mÀ`m hoVyZohmVr KoVbobm hmoVm.19 øm nyd©J«hXþ{fV Eo{Vhm{gH$ gmYZm§À`m dmnam_wio B{VhmgH$mam-H$Sy>Z g_H$mbrZ amOH$maU Y_m©À`m Mîå`mVyZ nmhÊ`mMm YmoH$m {Z_m©U hmoVmo.

H¥$îUamd Ho$iygH$aXoIrb ~Iat_Yrb øm MH$ì`mbm ~ir nS>bo AmhoV.àñVwV g§{já {edM[aÌmV H$mhr {R>H$mUr _hmamOm§À`m A§JmV dmZr Xodr g§MmaÊ`mÀ`mKQ>Zm§Mm C„oI Ambm Amho (n¥. 82,93, 148). m{edm` Ho$iygH$am§Zr H$ë`mUÀ`mgw^oXmamÀ`m gyZoMr X§VH$Wm a§OH$VoZo gm§{JVbr Amho (n¥.40). {ednwÌ g§^mOr_hmamOm§~Ôb ~Iat_Ü`o àM{bV Agboë`m Am»`m{`H$m§da {dœmg R>odyZAd_mZH$maH$ _OHy$a {b{hbm Amho (n¥. 157- 158). Xþgao Ago H$s, ~Iat_YrbEH$ H$mën{ZH$ KQ>Zm Ho$iygH$am§Zr gË` åhUyZ ñdrH$maÊ`mMr MyH$ Ho$br Amho.Ë`m§Zr _hmamO {dOmnyabm Jobo AgVm§Zm Ë`m§Mm JmodY H$aUmè`m H$gm`mda H$gmamof {Z_m©U Pmbm, `m~ÔbMm H$mën{ZH$ d¥Îmm§V gË` KQ>Zm åhUyZ ñdrH$mê$Zg§{já {edM[aÌmV {Xbm Amho.20

dmMH$m§Zr AmUIrZ EH$ Jmoï> bjmV R>odbr nm{hOo H$s, Ho$iygH$am§Mo g§{já{edM[aÌ à{gÕ hmoD$Z 90 df} Pmbr AmhoV. Ë`mH$mimV {edM[aÌ {b{hÊ`mgmR>rIyn H$_r Eo{Vhm{gH$ gmYZo CnbãY hmoVr. CXmhaUmW© H$qdÐ na_mZ§X {bpIV

(EH$moUnÝZmg)

¾ÖÖµÖ 652-4

{ed^maV hm J«§W Ho$iygH$am§Zm {_imbobm ZìhVm. `m{edm` Ë`m§Zm {edH$mimVrbdoJdoJù`m gaXma KamÊ`m§Mr H$mJXnÌo qH$dm nmoVw©JrO, \«|$M, Am{U B§J«Or bmoH$m§Zr{b{hboë`m H$mJXnÌm§Mr ^mfm§Vao CnbãY ZìhVr. `m gd© Jmoï>t_wio Ë`m§À`m{edM[aÌm_Ü o H$mhr KQ>Zm§Mm H$mbH«$_ MwH$bm AgÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm {Z_m©U hmoVo.

H¥$îUamd Ho$iygH$aH¥$V g§{já {edM[aÌ AË §V gmoß`m d AmoKdË`m ^mfoV{b{hbobo Agë`m_wio AË §V à^mdr Pmbo Amho. n¥ð> g§»`mhr H$_r Agë`m_wio d_hmamOm§À`m OrdZ d H$m`m©Mo H$WZ A{Ve` gwg§JV Agë`m_wio ho g§{já{edM[aÌ EImÚm amo_m§MH$ N>moQ>çm H$mX§~ar à_mUo ObX JVrZo dmMyZ hmoÊ`mgmaIoAmho. {dÚmÏ`mªMo {edM[aÌ dmMyZ à~moYZ ìhmdo åhUyZ V`ma Ho$boë`m øm Amd¥ÎmrVH$moUË`mhr àH$maÀ`m Vi {Q>nm qH$dm g§X^© {Q>nm AWdm n[a{eï> Zmhr. `mMm AW©Agm hmoVmo H$s dmMH$mbm Ho$iygH$am§Zr {edM[aÌmVrb H$moUVr KQ>Zm H$moUË`mEo{Vhm{gH$ gmYZm§À`m AmYmao _m§S>br Amho, ho H$iUma Zmhr.

Cnamoº$ MM}_wio ñnï> hmoVo H$s, Oa dmMH$mbm Ago dmQ>V Agob H$s àñVwV{edM[aÌ dmMyZ Amnë`mbm `mo½` ~moY ìhmdm Va Ë`m§Zr hm J«§W H$miOrnyd©H$ dO~m~XmarZo dmMUo Am¡{MË`mMo R>aob.

g§X © Q>rnm1. 20ì`m eVH$mÀ`m àma§^r {edmOr _hmamOm§da {b{hboë`m J«§Wm§Mr BVa

H$mhr CXmhaUo Imbrb à_mUo AmhoV: A§VmOr am_M§Ð hS>uH$a, lr {ed{dOÀWdm N>ÌnVr {edmOr_hmamO `m§Mo Am|dr~ÜX M[aÌ, 1909; grVmam_ ZaharT>dio, ~mb {edmOr, aËZm{Jar, 1884 (ZmQ>H$); JmoqdX ZmamÙ XmVma, N>ÌnVr{edmOr _hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ, 1906.

2. ga OXþZmW gaH$ma, {edmOr A±ÊS> {hO Q>mB©åg (1919); øwJ am°{bÝgZ,{edmOr, X _amR>m: {hO bmB\$ A±ÊS> Q>mB©åg (1926); {M.{d. d¡Ú, {edmOr, X\$mC§S>a Am°\$ _amR>m ñdamÁ`, (1931) Am{U S>m°. ~miH¥$îU, {edmOr, X J«oQ>(1931).

3. Xrnoe MH«$dVu , H$m°qbJ Am°\$ {hñQ>ar : ga OXþZmW gaH$ma A±ÊS> {hOEånmà Am°\$ Q¯>W , X w{Zìh{g©Q>r Am°\$ {eH$mJmo àog, {eH$mJmo, 2015, n¥. 104.

(nÞmg)

4. ~mi H¥$îU, {edmOr X J«oQ>, I§S>- 1, S>r. ~r.Vmamnmoadmbm gÝg A±ÊS>H§$nZr, _w§~B©, 1931, n¥. 1-34.

5. A. am. Hw$bH$Uu, {edH$mbrZ _hmamï´>, amOh§g àH$meZ , nwUo, n¥. 189Vo 190.

6. A{Zê$Õ ao, Q´>oS>, nm°{bQ>rŠg A±ÊS> ßbÝS>a: X _amR>mg² A°Q> Š`m°å~o 1725-1825, _wÝetam_ _Zmohabmb npãbeg©, Zdr {X„r, 2006.

7. nrQ>a Zmo{dH$, Ú°Q> Zmo~b S´>r_: X Am°ãOopŠQ>{dQ>r ¹o$úMZ A±ÊS> X A_o[aH$Z{hñQ>mo[aH$b àmo\o$eZ, H|${~«O y{Zd{g©Q>r àog, 1988.

8. B. EM. H$ma , ìhm°Q> BO {hñQ>ar?, _°H${_bZ, 1961, n¥. 26.

9. AéU {Q>Ho$H$a, X Šbm°BñQ>g© nob : A ~m`moJ«m\$s Am°\$ w{Zìh{g©Q>r Am°\$_w§~B© , nm°ß wba àH$meZ , 2006, n¥. 11.

10. YZ§O` H$sa, Jwê$d`© H¥$îUamd AOw©Z Ho$iygH$a: AmË_M[aÌ dM[aÌ, _w §~B© _amR>r J«§W g§J«hmb`, _w§~B©, 1977, n¥. 159-160 ; YZ§O`H$sa, S>m°. Am§~oS>H$a: bmB\$ A±ÊS> {_eZ , nm°ß`wba àH$meZ, _w§~B©, 1990,n¥. 19-20.

11. YZ§O` H$sa, Jwê$d`© H¥$îUamd AOw©Z Ho$iygH$a: AmË_M[aÌ d M[aÌ,n¥. 100- 103.

12. O`qgJamd ndma (à_wI g§nmXH$), N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamO ñ_¥{VJ«§W,_hmamï´> amÁ` nmR>çnwñVH$ {Z{_©Vr d Aä`mgH«$_ g§emoYZ _§S>i, nwUo, 2011,

13. H¥$. Am. Ho$iygH$a, j{Ì`Hw$bmdV§g N>Ìn{V {edmOr _hmamO `m§MoM[aÌ, {ÛVr` Amd¥Îmr, 1920, n¥.559.

14. har am_ Jwám (g§nmXH$), bmB©\$ A±ÊS> boQ>g© Am°\$ ga OXþZmW gaH$ma,n§Om~ w{Zìh{g©Q>r, hmo{e`manwa, 1957, n¥. 277.

15. H¥$. Am. Ho$iygH$a, j{Ì`Hw$bmdV§g N>Ìn{V {edmOr _hmamO `m§MoM[aÌ, {ÛVr` Amd¥Îmr n¥. 568.

16. Cnamoº$, n¥. 578 - 579.

(EH$mdÞ)

17. Cnamoº$, n¥.610.

18. Cnamoº$, n¥. 612.

19. àmMr Xoenm§So>, {H«$E{Q>d nmñQ²g : {hñQ>mo[aH$b _o_ar A±ÊS> AmBS|>pÝQ>Q>r BZdoñQ>Z© _hmamï´> 1700 -1960, n_©Z§Q> ãë`mH$, 2007, n¥. 29-32.

20. dm. gr. ~|Ðo, N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamO : nydm©Y© , nmœ© npãbHo$eÝg,H$moëhmnya, 1972, n¥. 49.

- AdZre nmQ>rbH$moëhmnya

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***

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_mbmoOr earamZo _moR>m _O~yV d {YßnmS> hmoVm, Vmo BVH$m H$s¨, Ë`mÀ`m ñdmarbmKmoSo> {Q>H$V Zgo; åhUyZ OmYdmZo Ë`mMr Amnë`m XodS>rda Zo_UyH$ Ho$br. Vmo _moR>mMVwa, hþema d JwUr Agë`m_wi| OmYdmMm Ë`mÀ`mda bm¡H$aM bmo^ OS>bm, Am{UË`mM| D${O©V H$amdo åhUyZ Ë`mZ| Ë`mbm _y{V©Om {ZOm§_ehmnmer ZoD$Z hm _moR>mZoH$sMm d C_Xm nwéf Amho Aer Ë`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br. {ZOm_ehm Ë`mbm nmhÿZ\$ma Iwf Pmbm, Am{U Ë`mbm Ë`mZ| Amnë`m bîH$am§V {eboXmar {Xbr. {dR>moOrg{hË`mZo {eboXmar {Xbr. Voìhm§nmgyZ Vo KaMr KmoS>t d ~maJra R>odyZ {ZOm_ehmMrZmoH$ar H$ê$§ bmJbo; Var Vo AOyZ OmYdamdmMoM A§{H$V hmoVo.

_mbmoOrM| b¾ \$bQ>UMm Xoe_wI OJnmiamd qZ~miH$a mMr ~hrU {Xnm~mB©{hOet Pmb|. `m§Zm nwîH$i {Xdg g§V{V hmoB©Zm. Amnë`m nmoQ>t _yb Zmht åhUyZ{Xnm~mB©g A{Ve{`V dmB©Q> dmQy>§ bmJb|. nwÌàmßVrgmR>r> Ë`m§Zt nwîH$i XmZY_©,AZwð>mZo d Zdggm`mg Ho$bo. AIoarg Ë`m§Zt ZJamg ehmear\$$ åhUyZ EH$ nrahmoVm Ë`mg Zdg Ho$bm. nwT>| Ë`m§g 1594 gmbt nwÌaËZ Pmb|. hm nwÌ AmnUm§g Ë`m{namÀ`m AZwJ«hmZo Pmbm Ag|§§§ Ë`m§Zm dmQy>Z Ë`m§Zt Ë`mM| Zm§d ehmOr Ag| R>o{dbo;Z§Va bm¡H$aM Ë`m§Zm Xþgam nwÌ Pmbm, Ë`mM| Zm§d Ë`m§Zt ear\$Or Ag| R>o{dbo.

ehmOr hm Mm§Jbm XoIUm AgyZ _moR>m MbmI, hþema d JwUr hmoVm. Ë`mMrdmUr _Ywa AgyZ MmbMbUyH$ \$maM _mohH$ Ago. OmYdmbm Vmo \$ma AmdS>VAgo, d Vmo Ë`mbm H$YrH$Ym| Amnë`m Kat ZoV Ago. VoW| Vmo Ë`mMr H$Ý`m {OOmD${hÀ`mer IoiV ~mJS>V Ago. ehmOr nm§M dfm©Mm AgVm§ _mbmoOrZ| Ë`mbm OmYdmÀ`mKar a§Jn§M_rÀ`m g_ma§^mg Zobo. Ë`mbm nmhVmM OmYdmZo Ë`mbm Amnë`mOdi~mobmdyZ _m§S>rda ~g{dbo; Am{U {OOmD$ Ë`mbm nmhÿZ Kam§VyZ YmdV ~mhoa AmbrAm{U OmYdmÀ`m Xþgè`m _m§S>rda ~gbr. Voìhm§ OmYd _moR>çm b{S>dminUmZ|

^mJ Xþgam

_mbmoOramOo `m§M| d¥Îm

5

~mobbm: ""_wbr, hm Vwbm Zdam nm{hOo?'' Am{U g^mgXm§H$So> diyZ åhUmbm:""IamoIa hm OmoS>m `mo½` {XgVmo.'' ho eãX EoHy$Z Vt _wb| OdiÀ`m V~H$mVrba§JJwbmb KoD$Z EH$_oH$m§da CS>dy§ bmJbr. V| nmhÿZ g^mgXm§g _moR>| H$m¡VwH$ dmQ>b|d Vo åhUmbo H$s¨ OmoS>m `mo½` Amho. Voìhm§ _mbmoOr d {dR>moOr PQ>{Xer CRy>Zg^mgXm§g åhUmbo: ""EoH$m hmo, OmYdamd AmOnmgyZ Am_Mo ì`mhr Pmbo d {OOmD$Am_Mr gyZ Pmbr. Vo AmVm§ H$m` ~mobbo V| Vwåhr gdmªZr EoH$boM Amho. AmVm§ hm{Zü` ~XbUma Zmht. Wmoa bmoH$ g^oV ~mobë`mda _mJ| gaUma ZmhtV?'' hm àH$manmhÿZ OmYd M{H$V Pmbm. Ë`mZ| Ë`m doit H$m§htEH$ CÎma Ho$b| Zmht.

Xþgao {Xder _mbmoOrbm OmYdmH$Sy>Z ^moOZmM| Am_§ÌU Ambo Voìhm§ Ë`mZ|Ë`mbm Agm {Zamon nmR>{dbm H$s¨ Amåhr Vwåhr ì`mhr Pmbmo, AmVm§ Vw_À`m~amo~a^moOZ b¾g_ma§^mÀ`m doit hmoB©b. _Ü §Var Amåhm§g ~mobmdy§ Z o. OmYdmMr óråhmigm~mB© {hbm hr Jmoï> H$ibr Voìhm§ _mbmoOrMm Agm CÔm_nUm nmhÿZ VrA{Ve{`V amJmdbr. Amnë`m ~amo~arÀ`m gaXmam§g gmoSy>Z `…H${üV {eboXmamÀ`mnmoamg Amnbr _wbJr XoD$§ H$aUo {Vbm _witM ng§V nS>b| Zmht; Am{U _mbmoOrZ|Amnb| {dZmoXmM| ~mobUo Ia| g_OyZ Agm CÕQ>nUm Ho$ë`m~Ôb OmYdmbm{h _moR>mH«$moY Ambm Am{U Ë`mbm Ë`mZ| ZmoH$ardê$Z Xÿa Ho$b|. ømà_mU| Ë`m XmoKm§ ~§Yy§MrbîH$ar ZmoH$ar gwQy>Z Ë`m§g doê$iJm§dt naV Omd| bmJb|; Am{U nwZ… Ë`m§À`m hmVtZm§Ja Ambm.

øm An_mZm_wio _mbmoOrg namH$mð>oMo dmB©Q> dmQ>b|. Amnbr `mo½`Vm _moR>rZmhr, Amnë`mnmer Xm¡bV Zmhr åhUyZ OmYdamdmZo Amnbm hm Agm Cn_X© Ho$bm,Va AmVm§ Amnbr `mo½`Vm H$er dmT>dmdr `mMr _mbmoOrg gmaIr Vi_i bmJyZam{hbr. nwT>| EHo$ {Xdet Vmo Amnë`m eoVm§Vbo EH$ dmê$i IUrV AgVm§ Ë`m§VË`mbm _moR>m Ðì`{Z{Y gmnS>bm. Vmo nmhyZ Ë`mbm AWm©V² na_hf© Pmbm; Am{UË`mZ| V| Ðì` lrJm|Xo oWrb eofmdm ZmB©H$ nm§So> Zm§dmÀ`m gmdH$mamH$So> AZm_VR>o{dbo Am{U bmoH$m§V Agm àdmX ngabm H$s¨ lr^dmZr àgÞ hmoD$Z {VZo AmnUmgnwîH$i Ðì` XmI{dbo Amho Am{U Am_À`m Hw$im§V eH$H$Vm© {Z_m©U hmoB©b Agmda {Xbm Amho.


¾ÖÖµÖ 652-5

g§{já {edM[aÌ6

hm Ðì`bm^ Pmë`mda _mbmoOrZ| hOma KmoS>r IaoXr H$ê$Z ~aoM ~maJra d{eboXma ZmoH$arg R>o{dbo. Ë`mZ| joÌm§À`m {R>H$mUr nwîH$i XmZY_© Ho$bm, {H$ËòH$Xodmb`m§Mo OrUm}Õma Ho$bo Am{U OmJmoOmJ {d{har d Vbmd ~m§{Ybo. ømà_mUoAZoH$ Y_©H¥$Ëò H$ê$Z Ë`mZ| _mV~anUm{df`t d nwÊèrbVo{df`r _moR>m bm¡{H$H$g§nm{Xbm. ømà_mU| Amnbm BV_m_ d `mo½`Vm dmT>{dë`mda Ë`mZ| OmYdmnmer_wbr{df`r nwZ… _mJUr Ho$br; nU Vmo Ë`mÀ`mer earag§~§Y H$aÊ`mg amOrhmoB©Zm. Voìhm Ë`mMr Mm§Jbr ImoS> _moS>Ê`mH$[aVm§ _mbmoOrZ| qZ~miH$am§H$Sy>Z XmoZhOma ñdmam§Mr _XV {_idyZ Ë`m§À`m Ohm{Jarg CnÐd XoÊ`mMm H«$_ gwê$ Ho$bm.`mIoarO Ë`mZo§ AmUIr Aer w{º$ mo{Obr H$s¨ XmoZ Sw>H$a| _mê$Z Ë`m§À`m Jù`m§VË`mZ| {MR>çm ~m§{Yë`m Am{U Vt _wgb_mZm§À`m _{eXtV Q>m{H$bt. øm {MR>çm§VË`mZ| {ZOm_ehmg òUoà_mU| AO© Ho$bm; ""OmYdamd Am_À`m _wbmg _wbJrXoÊ`mMo H$~yb H$ê$Z AmVm§ ~m`H$moÀ`m gm§JÊ`mdê$Z dMZmg {\$abm Amho dAmåhm§g Ë`mZo ZmoH$ardê$Z Xÿa Ho$b| Amho; `mñVd {Zénm` hmoD$Z AmåhrqZ~miH$am§À`m Aml`mZo hm àH$ma Ho$bm Amho. Ë`mCna ~mXehm Am_Mr XmXKoD$Z OmYdamdmer Am_Mr gmoàrH$ H$ê$Z XoB©b Va ~a|, Zmht Va Amåhr AgmMàH$ma Xþgè`m _{eXrV{h H$ê$§.''

hm «ï>mH$ma {ZOm_ehmg H$ibm Voìhm§ Ë`mZ| OmYdmg ~mobmdyZ AmUyZ gm§{JVb|H$s¨ Vwåhr _mbmoOret Ho$bobm H$ama _moS>Vm h| ~amo~a Zmht. Vw_À`m øm dMZ^§Jm_wioAm_À`m _{eXtV ^«ï>mH$ma hmoD$§ bmJbo AmhoV. Var _mbmoOrÀ`m _wbmg _wbJrXoD$Z Ë`mÀ`mer g_oQ> H$am. Ë`mda OmYdmZo Agm O~m~ {Xbm H$s¨ ^mogë`mÀ`m_wbmg _wbJr XoÊ`mg§~§YmZ§o An_mZ H$aÊ`mM| H$maU EdT>|M Amho H$s¨ Ë`mMr Am_Mr`mo½`Vm gmaIr Zmht. hm Ë`mMm CÔm_nUmMm O~m~ EoHy$Z {ZOm_ehmZ| Ag| _Zm§VAmUbo H$s Ë`mMm Jd© haU H$aÊ`mgmR>t _mbmoOrg Mm§Jbr _Zg~ XoD$Z `mo½`VogMT>dmd|. Ë`mà_mU| Ë`mZ| Ë`mg _moR>çm ñZoh^mdmZo ~mobmdyZ AmUyZ ~mam hOmañdmam§Mr _Zg~ {Xbr d amOo hm {H$Vm~ XoD$Z {edZoar d MmH$U ho {H$„o dË`m§g^modVmbMm àm§V ga§Om_mXmIb {Xbm, Am{U nwUo d gwno øm naJÊ`m§MrOhmJra H$éZ {Xbr. h| dV©_mZ g. 1604 À`m _mM© _{hÝ`m§V KS>bo.

7

ømà_mU| _mbmoOrMm nj {ZOm_ehmZ| KoVë`m_wi| OmYdmbm Amnbr _wbJrË`mMm _wbJm ehmOr `mg XoUo àmá Pmb|. {ZOm_ehmÀ`m hþH$_mdê$Z hm {ddmhXm¡bVm~mXog g. 1604 À`m E{àb _{hÝ`m§V Pmbm. øm g_ma§^mbm IwÔ {ZOm_ehmd Xa~maMo gJio gaXma Ambo hmoVo.

øm {ddmhmZ§Va _mbmoOramOo `m§M| {ZOm_emhrV _moR>o dOZ dmT>b|. Ë`m§À`mA§JÀ`m em¡ m©Mo d hþemarMo Ë`m Ym_Yw_rÀ`m H$mir Mm§Jbo MrO Pmb|. Ë`m emhrÀ`mAZoH$ {~H$Q> H$m_{Jè`m H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zt Xa~mamMr em~mgH$s {_i{dbr; Am{U VoW|Ë`m§M| Mm§Jb| VoO nSy§> bmJbo. Xa~maMo _wËgÔr _moR>_moR>çm H$m_m§V Ë`m§Mr _gbVKoD$§ bmJbo; {edm` Ë`m§Mm ñd^md _moR>m ào_i d CXma Agë`m_wi| Xa~maMo bmoH$Ë`m§Zm gd©Xm AZwHy$b AgV.

ømà_mUo _mbmoOramOo Amnë`m _Zg~XmarMm n§Yam df} _moR>çm B^«VrZ§o Cn^moJKoD$Z 1619 gmbt {ZdV©bo; Am{U {ZOm_ehmZ| Ë`m§Mr Xm¡bV d _Zg~ ehmOramOo`m§g {Xbr.

***


g§{já {edM[aÌ8

{ZOm_emhtVrb ZmoH$arehmOramOm§Zm {ZOm_emhrV _Zg~Xmar {_imë`mda Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m A§JMo

em¡ ©dr`m©{X JwU XmI{dÊ`mMm gwg_` Xþgè`mM dfu åhUOo 1620 gmbr àmáPmbm. øm dfu {ZOm_ehmMm _w»` H$ma^mar _{bH§$~a `mMo _moJbm§er _moR>çm{ZH$amM| wÕ Pmb| øm wÕm§V ehmOr amOo _moR>çm em¡`m©Z| bT>bo, d Ë`m§À`m A§JMoAà{V_ wÕH$m¡eë` Mm§Jbo {ZXe©Zmg Ambo. øm bT>mB©V _{bH$§~amMm namO`hmoD$Z Ë`mg _mJ| hQ>mdo bmJb|; nU ehmOramOm§Zr H$M Z ImVm _moJbm§À`mg¡Ý`mda nwZ…nwZ… N>mno KmbyZ Ë`mbm nwaonwao H$ê$Z gmoS>bo. øm _Xþ©_H$sñVd Xa~mam§VË`m§Mr àe§gm Pmbr, Am{U _{bH§$~amMm Ë`m§À`mda \$maM bmo^ OS>bm.

`mZ§Va ehmOhmZ Omo nwT>| {X„rMm ~mXehm Pmbm Ë`mZ| {ZOm_emhr gm\$~wS>{dÊ`mMm {ZYm©a H$ê$Z Ë`m Xa~mam§Vrb bwIOr OmYd dJ¡ao {H$Ë oH$ _amR>ogaXmam§g _moR>r bmbyM XmIdyZ de H$ê$Z KoVb|. Ë`m§M| _{bH§$~amet Mm§Jbogo nQ>VZgë`m_wi| Vo Ago ghO {\$Vya Pmbo. ehmOramOo _moJbm§À`m øm bmbMrg ^wbboZmhrV. _{bH§$~amÀ`m njmH$So> eodQ>n ªV amhÿZ Ë`m§Zt Ë`mg _moR>çm B_mZmZo gmhmæ`Ho$bo. na§Vw _moJbm§À`m à~i g¡Ý`m_wio Ë`m§M| H$m§htEH$ Mmbbo Zmht, Am{U _{bH§$~amgË`m§À`mer Vh H$amdm bmJbm. hm gaXma nwT>o \$ma {Xdg OJbm Zmht. Vmo 1626gmbmV _¥Ë w nmdbm.

_{bH§$~amÀ`m_mJo ehmOr amOm§Zr AZ§V gm~mOr Zm§dmÀ`m EH$m MVwa _wËgÚmÀ`mgmhmæ`mZo Aënd`r _y{V©Om {ZOm_ehmÀ`m AmB©Mm Amnë`mda ^a§dgm ~gdyZKoVbm Am{U Ë`m emhrMm gJim H$ma^ma AmnU Mmb{dbm. BH$So> bwIOr OmYd_moJbm§H$So> Jobm hmoVm, Ë`mZ| ehmOhmZmÀ`m gëë`mZ| {ZOm_emhr ~wS>{dÊ`mMm KmQ>KmVbm. h| nmhÿZ ehmOramOm§Zr _y{V©Ombm H$mgma KmQ>mV _mhþbr Zm§dmÀ`m EH$m

^mJ {Vgam

ehmOramOo `m§M| d¥Îm

9

_O~yV {H$ëë`mV ZoD$Z R>o{dbo. OmYdmZo _moJbm§À`m _moR>çm g¡Ý`m{Zer Ë`m {H$ëë`mgdoT>m {Xbm, nU ehmOr amOm§Zr ghm _{hZon ªV Ë`mg XmX {Xbr Zmhr. eodQ>tOmYdmZo {ZOm_ehmÀ`m AmB©er {_bm\$ Ho$ë`m_wi| ehmOramOo {Zénm` hmoD$Z Amnë`mH$m§ht {dœmgy bmoH$m§{Zet {H$ëë`mVyZ {ZgQy>Z Jobo, Voìhm§ OmYd Ë`m§À`m nmR>rgbmJbm. hr œewaOm_mVm§Mr YanH$S> \$bQ>Un ªV Pmbr. VoWyZ OmYdmZo _mKmaKoVbr H$maU ehmOramOm§g \$bQ>UÀ`m qZ~miH$am§Mo gmhmæ` {_iyZ Vo CbQ> ImdyZAmnbm Ywìdm CS>{dVrb h| Ë`mg R>mD$H$ hmoVo.

ehmOramOo _mhþbr {H$ëë`mVyZ {ZKmbo Ë`m doit Ë`m§Mr ~m`H$mo {OOm~mB©Ë`m§À`m~amo~a hmoVr. Vr Ë`m doit gmV_{hÝ`m§Mr JamoXa AgyZ {Vbm KmoS>çmda ~gyZ{ZKmdo bmJb|. nmR>rda eÌw Agë`m_wi| Ë`m§Zm doJmZ| Xm¡S> H$amdr bmJbr. H$mhrH$mog Joë`mda {OOm~mB©À`m nmoQ>m§V _Zñdr XþIy bmJb|, d nwT>| Xm¡S> H$aÊ`mM| {Vbm_wit ÌmU Cabo Zmht. åhUyZ {Vbm amOm§Zt {edZoar {H$ëë`mV ZoD$Z R>o{dbo Am{U{VÀ`m ajUmgmR>r H$m§ht bmoH$ Zo_yZ Xm¡S> nwT>| Mmb{dbr. _mJyZ OmYd Ë`m {H$ëë`mnmetAmbm Voìhm§ Vmo da {VÀ`m g_mMmamg Jobm Am{U {Vbm åhUmbm, ""Vy§ qgYIoS>mg_mÂ`m Kat OmV Agbrg Va Vwbm _r {VH$So> gwa{jVnUo nm|M{dVm|.'' {OOm~mB©Zo~mnmbm nwîH$i Xmof XoD$Z åhQ>b|: ""Ë`m§À`mEodOr _r Vw_À`m hmVt gmnS>b| Amho.O| H$m§ht nm[anË` H$amd`mM| V| _bm H$am. _bm _mhoar Omd`mM| Zmhr. _r oW|MamhUma.'' Ë`m _mZr _wbrMm Agm {ZYm©a nmhÿZ OmYdmZo {VÀ`m ajUmgmR>r AmUIrAmnbo H$m§ht bmoH$ R>odyZ nwT>| Hy$M Ho$b|.

ehmOramOm§Zr {dOmnyaXa~mamV d{ebm bmdyZ _moJbm§À`m VmdS>rVyZ {ZOm_emhrgmoS>{dÊ`mgmR>r g¡Ý`mMr Hw$_H$ _m{JVbr. Vr Ë`m gaH$mamZ| {Xë`mda amOmZr nwZ…_mKmar {\$ê$Z n[aS>çmMm {H$„m d Ë`mÀ`m AmgnmgMm _wbyI H$m~rO Ho$bm d{ZOm_ehmet nwZa{ngbmoIm H$ê$Z Ë`mg _moJbm§À`m H$mMmVyZ gmoS>{dÊ`mMm ~oVHo$bm. na§Vw {ZOm_ehmZ| OmYdmer {dœmgKmV H$ê$Z Ë`mbm d Ë`mÀ`m _wbmbm_ma{db| ho dV©_mZ H$ië`mdê$Z amOm§Zr Amnbm nyduMm ~oV gmoS>bm Am{U _wbyIH$m~rO H$ê$Z ñdV§Ì hmoD$Z ~gmdo Ago `mo{Obo.Ë`m§Zt g§J_ZoamnmgyZ nwUo dAh_XZJamn ªV gJim _wbyI d ~mboKmQ> hmVmer KmVbm Am{U em_JS>mg Amnb|R>mUo {Xbo.


g§{já {edM[aÌ10

øm gw_mamg _moJb ~mXehmMm ImZOhmZ bmoXr Zm§dmMm EH$ ~bmT>ç gaXma~oXrb hmoD$Z X{jU|V {ZOm_emhrÀ`m Aml`mg Ambm. Ë`mZ| _moJbmer {damoYMmb{dbm Voìhm§ Ë`mg _amR>o gaXmam§Zt _XV Ho$br. ehmOr amOm§Zr{h Ë`mbm Mm§JbrHw$_H$ Ho$br. nwT>| ehmOhmZmZo _moR>çm g¡Ý`m{Zer X{jUoV oD$Z øm bmoXrMm nwam_moS> Ho$bm, Am{U Á`m§Zr Ë`mbm _XV Ho$br hmoVr Ë`m§À`m Zmembm Vmo àd¥Îm Pmbm.øm _moR>çm g§H$Q>m§VyZ gwQ>Ê`mgmR>r ehmOramOo ehmOhmZmg eaU OmD$Z Ë`m§À`mnXar gaXmar nVH$ê$Z amhÊ`mg amOr Pmbo. _moJb ~mXehmbm h|M nm{hOo hmoV|.amOm§À`m em¡ ©dr`m©{X JwUm§Mr Ë`mbm Mm§Jbr _m{hVr hmoVr; Am{U {ZOm_emhr~wS>{dÊ`mÀ`m H$m_r Aem ~bmT>ç gaXmamMm nwîH$i Cn`moJ hmoB©b Aer Ë`mMrImÌr hmoVr. Ë`mZ| amOm§Zm _moR>r _Zg~ {Xbr d OwÞa, g§J_Zoa, ~¡Pmnya dJ¡ao naJUoË`m§À`mH$So> H$m`_ Ho$bo. ho dV©_mZ 1630 gmbm§V KS>bo.

nwT>| ehmOhmZmZo {ZOm_emhrMm _w»` H$ma^mar \$ÎmoImZ ømÀ`mer Vh H$ê$ZË`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z _moR>r I§S>Ur KoÊ`mMo R>a{dbo. hm \$ÎmoImZ _moR>çm Ohm{JarÀ`m bmbMrZoË`mMm A§{H$V Pmbm Am{U EH$m Aënd`r _wbmg {ZOm_emhrÀ`m Vº$mda ~gdyZgJim H$ma^ma ñdV… Mmbdy§ bmJbm.

_moJb ~mXehmZ| {ZOm_emhrda Amnbm nwam eh ~g{dÊ`mgmR>r \$ÎmoImZmgOr OhmJra {Xbr, VrVbm ~amM àm§V Ë`mZ| nydu ehmOramOm§g XoD$§ Ho$bm hmoVm.åhUyZ Ë`m§g _moR>m amJ oD$Z Ë`m§Zt _moJbm§Mr ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z nwZ… {dOmnyaXa~mamH$So>Ymd KoVbr; Am{U Ë`mg Ag| gm§{JVbo H$s {ZOm_emhtV \$maM ~o~§XmB© PmbrAmho, åhUyZ Ë`m emhrÀ`m A_bm§Vbm _wbyI H$m~rO H$aU| \$ma gmono Pmb| Amho.Var _bm \$m¡OoMr Hw$_H$ Úmb Va _r Vmo _wbyI H$m~rO H$ê$Z XoVmo. hr Ë`m§Mr_gbV ng§V dmQy>Z A{XbehmZ| Ë`m§À`m Vmã`mV \$m¡O {Xbr. Vr KoD$Z amOm§ZrXm¡bVm~mX {H$ë`mg doT>m XoÊ`mMo R>a{dbo. ho dV©_mZ \$ÎmoImZmg H$iVmM Ë`mZ|_moJbm§Mr _XV {_i{dbr; Am{U Ë`m§À`m gaXmamZo ehmOramOm§g dmQ>|V AS>{dbo dË`m§À`mer bTy>Z Ë`m§g _mJ| hQ>{db|. _J Ë`mZ| Xm¡bVm~mXoÀ`m {H$„çmnmer Amnë`mg¡Ý`mMm Vi {Xbm. BH$So> ehmOramOm§Zr nm{hbo H$s¨ _moJbm§À`m à~i g¡Ý`mnwT>|Amnbm {Z^md bmJUma Zmht. åhUyZ Ë`m§Zt \$ÎmoImZmet ^oX H$ê$Z Ë`mg AZwHy$iH$ê$Z KoVb|; Am{U Ë`mZ| _moJb g¡Ý`mda {H$ëë`mdê$Z Vmo\$m§Mm _mam gwê$ Ho$bm.

11

hm Agm XJoImoanUm nmhÿZ _moJb gaXmambm Mod Ambm, Am{U Ë`mZ| {H$„çmg~iH$Q> doT>m XoD$Z Vmo eodQ>r hñVJV Ho$bm. ehmOramOm§Zr ~mhoê$Z _moJb g¡Ý`mdanwZ…nwZ… N>mno KmVbo, nU Ë`m§Mm H$m§ht Cn`moJ Pmbm Zmht. \$ÎmoImZ eodQ>t _moJb~mXehmg eaU Joë`mdê$Z Ë`mZ| Ë`mbm H$m§ht dm{f©H$ doVZ R>adyZ ñdñW ~gmd`mgbm{db|, Am{U Omo Aënd`r _wbJm Ë`mZ| {ZOm_emhr Vº$mda ~g{dbm hmoVm,Ë`mbm ½dmëhoaÀ`m {H$ëë`m§V H¡$X|V R>odyZ Ë`m emhrMm gJim _wbyI Amnë`mVmã`m§V KoVbm. h| dV©_mZ 1633 gmbt KS>bo.

øm Ym_Yw_rÀ`m doit Am_À`m M[aÌZm`H$mda EH$ {OdmdaMo g§H$Q> Amb|hmoV|. _mVm {OOm~mB© Ë`m§g KoD$Z ~m`Pmnya oW| amOm§À`m Amkodê$Z ahmV Ago._moJbm§Mm doT>m nS>bm AgVm§ ehmOramOo Ë`m§À`mda dimodoim§ h„o H$ê$Z Ë`m§gh¡amU H$ê$ bmJbo, Voìhm§ Ë`m§Mm gyS> CJdÊ`mgmR>r _moJbm§Mm goZmn{V _moh~VImZ`mZ| {OOm~mB©bm {VÀ`m bhmZ _wbmgh nH$Sy>Z AmU{db|. Ë`m§Mm Ë`mZ| Zme Ho$bmAgVm, na§Vw _moJbm§À`m Ë`m bîH$am§V bwIOr OmYdmMm mD$ OJXodamd hm hmoVm,Ë`mZ| ImZmnmer Aer aX~Xbr Ho$br H$s, ""ehmOramOo `m§M| Am_À`m KamÊ`merdmH$So> Amho. øm d¡_Zñ`m_wio Ë`m§Zt {OOm~mB©g d {VÀ`m _wbmg gmoSy>Z {Xb| AgyZXmoZVrZ dfm©nydu _mo{hË`m§Mr H$Ý`m VwH$m~mB© {hOet {ddmh Ho$bm Amho. `m_wio Va{OOm~mB©Mm d Ë`m§Mm nwam ~o~Zmd Pmbm Amho. `mñVd `m§Zm nH$Sy>Z H¡$X Ho$ë`mgehmOramOm§g H$m§htM dmQ>Uma Zmht. Am_À`m KamÊ`mMr _mÌ m_wio BOV KoVë`mgmaIohmoUma Amho.'' ho Ë`mM| åhUU| ImZmg Ia| dmQy>Z {OOm~mB©g Ë`mZ| Ë`m OmYdmÀ`mñdmYrZ Ho$b|; Am{U Ë`mZ| {Vbm ehmOramOm§À`m Vmã`m§Vrb H$m|S>mUm {H$ëë`mVgwa{jVnU| ZoD$Z R>o{db|.

Xm¡bVm~mX KoÊ`mMm ~oV \$gyZ {ZOm_emhr _moJbm§Zr ~wS>{dbr Var ehmOramOoH$m§ht hVme Pmbo ZmhtV. Vo {dOmnyaH$am§À`m g¡Ý`m~amo~a _mKmar Z OmVm§, ^r_JS>Omo Ë`m doit Ë`m§À`m Vmã`m§V hmoVm VoW| OmD$Z Ë`m§Zt bmoH$m§Mr O_dmO_d Ho$brAm{U {VH$S>rb _moJbm§À`m Vmã`m§V Jobobm _wbyI naV H$m~rO H$aÊ`mMm Yw_YS>mH$mMmb{dbm. Ë`m§Zt ømà_mU| {ZOm_emhrMm ~hþVoH$ _wbyI Amnë`m H$~Om§V KoVbm.hr Ë`m§Mr Ym_Yy_ ~§X H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zt naV _moJbm§À`m bîH$amg oD$Z {_imdo åhUyZ_moJb gaXmam§Zt Ë`m§g _moR>r bmbyM XmI{dbr, nU {Vbm Ë`m§Zr ^rH$ KmVbr


g§{já {edM[aÌ12

Zmht. na§Vw Ë`m§Zm _moJbm§À`m _moR>çm h„çmMr r{V Agë`m_wi| Ë`m§Zr {dOmnyaÀ`mA{XbehmH$So> nwT>rbà_mU| ~mobUo bm{db|: ""_bm g¡Ý`mMr d Ðì`mMr Hw$_H$H$amb Va _r {ZOm_emhr nwZ… C^r H$ê$Z ~{har KamÊ`mMm P|S>m C^m[aVm|.'' h|Ë`m§M| ~mobUo Ë`m Xa~mamg H$~yb hmoD$Z Ë`mZ| Ë`m§Zm gJù`m àH$maMo gmhmæ`Ho$b|, Am{U Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z Agm H$ama H$ê$Z KoVbm H$s¨, Ë`m§Zt {ZOm_emhr d§emVrbEH$mXm dmag nmhÿZ JmXrda ~gdmdm d Ë`mÀ`m dVrZo {ZOm_emhrMm H$ma^manmhmdm. øm H$amamà_mUo amOm§Zr _y{V©Om Zm§dmMm EH$ Xhm dfmªMm _wbJm lrdY©ZoWo ZOa H¡$XoV hmoVm Ë`mg gmoS>dyZ Am{Ub| d ^r_JS> oW| Vº$mMr OmJm H$éZ

Ë`mbm VoW| g. 1633 À`m gßQ>|~a _{hÝ`m§V R>o{dbo.

ehmOramOm§Mo h| YmS>g d ñVwË` hoVw nmhÿZ {ZOm_emhrVrb nyduMo ~hþVoH$OhmJraXma, gaXma d Xoe_wI Ë`m§g oD$Z {_imbo. Oo H$moUr gaXma Ë`m§g à{VHy$ihmoVo d Oo ñdV§Ì hmoD$Z ~gbo hmoVo, Ë`m§g amOm§Zr _moSy>Z H$mT>b|. Z§Va Ë`m§Zt OwÞaoWo {ZOm_emhrM| Vº$ Zobo. {ZOm_emhrMm Jobobm ~hþVoH$ _wbyI H$m~rO H$éZ

amOm§Zr {ZOm_emhr Vº$mMr nwar ñWmnZm Ho$ë`mMo EoHy$Z ehmOhmZ ~mXehmZo Ë`m§À`mnm[anË`mg _moR>r \$m¡O nmR>{dbr. {VMm Ë`m§Zt n[aSo> oW| nwam \$S>em CS>dyZAh_XZJam§Vrb _moJbm§g ImZXoemH$So> {nQ>miyZ bm{db| Am{U Xm¡bVm~mXon ªV_moJbm§À`m _wbIm§V bwQ>mbyQ> _m§{S>br. _moJb ~mXehmZo nwZ… EH$ _moR>o g¡Ý` amOm§danmR>{dbo; na§Vw Ë`mg{h Ë`m§Zr Mm§JboM ISo> Mm[abo. h| `e Ë`m§Zm AWm©V²A{XbehmÀ`m _XVrZ| {_ib|.

hm Agm Amnë`m g¡Ý`mMm XmoZ doim§ _moS> H$ê$Z ehmOramOo {ZOm_emhrM|nwZé‚mrdZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$m_r `eñdr Pmbo h| nmhÿZ ehmOhmZmg namH$mï>oMm g§VmnAmbm, Am{U àM§S> goZo{Zet Vmo X{jU|V CVabm. ehmOramOm§g {dOmnyaH$am§MmnmqR>~m hmoVm Vmo Zmhrgm H$aÊ`mMm Ë`mZ| àW_ à`ËZ Ho$bm, Ë`m§À`mer Ë`mZ| VhmMo~mobUo bm{db|, nU V| Ë`m§Zt H$~yb Ho$b| Zmht. Voìhm§ Ë`mZ| Amnë`m g¡Ý`mMo Mma^mJ H$ê$Z XmoZ A{XbehmÀ`m _wbImda nmR>{dbo Am{U XmoZ ehmOramOm§À`mVmã`m§Vë`m _wbImda XmoZ ~mOyZr nmR>{dbo. Aem arVrZ| eÌy§Zr Xmohmo ~mOy§Zr EH$X__mam gwê$ Ho$bm Var amOo `pËH¨${MV²{h S>J_Jbo ZmhtV. eÌy§er AT>i Y¡`m©Z| Q>¸$aXoD$Z eodQ>n ªV bT>md`mM|, {^D$Z hma Omd`mM| Zmht Agm {ZYm©a Ë`m dr ©embr

13

nwéfmZ| Ho$bm. øm {~H$Q> àg§Jt amOmZr Amnb| gd© jmÌVoO àJQ> Ho$b|. Ë`m§M|Aà{V_ wÕH$m¡eë`, {dbjU aUdoJ d nwam J{Z_r H$mdm nmhÿZ Ë`m§À`m H$Q²>Q>çmeÌyZ| XoIrb Vm|S>m§V ~moQ> KmVbo. _moJbm§À`m g¡Ý`mg Ë`m§Zt nwîH$i h¡amU Ho$bo. na§VwË`m§Mm O_md _moR>m Agë`mH$maUmZo amOm§À`m Vmã`mVrb ~aoM {H$„o d R>mUr Ë`m§ZtH$m~rO Ho$br. d eodQ>t _moJbm§À`m XmoÝhr {d^mJm§Zr EH$dQ> hmoD$Z amOmg EHo$OmJr Jm§Rbo>; na§Vw Ë`m§g PwH$m§S>r XoD$Z Vo nma {ZKyZ Jobo; Am{U {dOmnyaH$am§MrHw$_H$ {_iVmM Ë`m§Zt nwZ… CbQ> Im„r d _moJbm§À`m g¡Ý`mda N>mno KmbyZ dË`m§Mr agX _mê$Z Ë`m§g XmUmda¡U {_ioZmg§o Ho$bo. Ë`m_wi| amOm§er gm_Zm H$aÊ`mMmqH$dm Ë`m§À`m nmR>rg bmJÊ`mMm AmdmH$m Ë`m§Zm Cabm Zmht.

ømà_mU| ehmOramOo dR>Urg oV ZmhtV Ag| nmhÿZ Ë`m§Zm Hw$_H$ H$aUmao Oo{dOmnyaH$a Ë`m§À`m amÁ`m§V _moJb gaXmam§Zt {eê$Z {OH$So>{VH$So> Yw_mHy$i CS>dyZ{Xbm. Voìhm§ A{XbehmZ| Km~ê$Z OmD$Z Ë`m§À`mer Vh H$ê$Z Ë`m§g à{Vdfu ~mambj hmoZ I§S>Ur XoÊ`mM| H$~yb Ho$b|; Am{U ehmOramOo bT>mB© gmoSy>Z XoD$Z _moJb~mXehmg eaU Jobo ZmhrV Va Ë`m§g A{XbehmZ| Amnë`m amÁ`m§V Wmam XoD$§ Z o. ømVhm§V A{Xbehmbm {ZOm_emhrMm ~amM àm§V {_imbm. hm Vh 1636 gmbr Pmbm.

hm Agm {dOmnyaH$am§Mm AmYma VwQ>bm Var ehmOramOm§Zr Yra gmoS>bm Zmht._moJbm§er eodQ>n ©V bT>Ê`mMm Ë`m§Zt {ZYm©a Ho$bm. nU eÌy§À`m àM§S> goZonwT>|Ë`m§Mm VJ {ZKoZm. Ë`m§V AmUIr {dOmnyaH$am§Zt _moJbm§g g¡Ý`mMr _XV {Xbr;Am{U Ë`m§Zt Ë`m§À`m Vmã`mVbo {H$„o d R>mUr ^am^a H$m~rO Ho$br. Voìhm eodQ>tZmBbmO hmoD$Z amOo _mhþbrÀ`m {H$ëë`mda Amnbr gJir \$m¡O O_dyZ am{hbo.Ë`m {H$ëë`mg _moJbm§Zr doT>m {Xbm. Vmo CR>{dÊ`mM| gm_Ï © amOm§g am{hbo Zmht.åhUyZ Ë`m§Zt ehmOhmZ ~mXehmer VhmMo ~mobUo bm{dbo; Am{U AmnUmg ~mXehmj_m H$arV Agbm Va Ë`mÀ`m ZmoH$arg amhÊ`mg AmnU V`ma Amhm| Ago Ë`mbmgm§JyZ nmR>{dbo. ehmOhmZmZo Ë`m§M| h| åhUU| H$~yb Ho$bo Zmhr. nU Ë`m§Zm{dOmnyaH$am§À`m Aml`mZo amhÊ`mg Amnbr haH$V Zmhr Agm CbQ> {Zamon nmR>{dbm.ømdê$Z amOm§Zr _mhþbrÀ`m {H$ëë`mda Omo ~mbamOm {ZOm_emhr Vº$mda ~g{dbmhmoVm Ë`mbm _moJbm§À`m hdmbr H$ê$Z Amnë`m bmoH$m§{Zer {dOmnyamH$So> à`mUHo$b|. h| dV©_mZ 1637 gmbr KS>bo.


g§{já {edM[aÌ14

ehmOramOm§Mr A{XbemhtVrb ZmoH$arehmOramOm§Zm A{XbehmZ| _moR>çm BV_m_mZo Amnë`m nXar R>odyZ KoVbo Agm

H$V¥©ËddmZ², eya, YmS>er d MVwa `moÕm bm^ë`m~Ôb Ë`mg AmZ§X dmQ>bm. amOm§MrgJir OhmJra _moJbm§er Ho$boë`m Vhmà_mU| A{XbehmÀ`m hmVr Ambr hmoVr.Vrn¡H$s nwUo d gwn| ho naJUo Ë`mZ| amOm§H$So> Ohm{JarXmIb H$m`_ Ho$bo. ømOhm{JarMr ì`dñWm nmhÊ`mMo H$m_ Ë`m§Zt XmXmOr H$m|S>Xod ZmdmÀ`m EH$m hþema d{dœmgy ~«m÷Umg gm§{JVb| Am{U {VÀ`m ajUmgmR>r EH$ hOma ñdma R>odyZ {Xbo.

nwT>ë`m dfu A{XbehmZ| Ë`m§g aUXþ„mImZm~amo~a H$Zm©Q>H$m§V Amnbr gÎmm~g{dÊ`mgmR>t admZm Ho$bo. {VH$So> Ë`m§Zr XmoZVrZ df} bT>m`m bTy>Z A¸$bH$moQ>,~mJbH$moQ>, H$moëhma, ~|Jê$i, ~mimnya d {eaQ>o ho naJUo H$m~rO Ho$bo. øm_m{h_|V ehmOr amOm§Zr _moR>r namH«$_mMr H$m_o Ho$ë`m~Ôb A{XbehmMr Ë`m§À`mdaA{YH$M _Ou ~gbr; Am{U H$Zm©Q>H$m§V Ë`m§Zt H$m~rO Ho$bobo gJio naJUo Ë`m§gOhmJra H$ê$Z {Xbo Am{U _hmamï´>m§V B§Xmnya, ~mam_Vr d _mdiàm§V ho naJUoË`m§À`m Ohm{Jarg OmoS>bo. `m{edm` AmUIr H$èhmS> àm§Vm§Vrb ~mdrg Jm§dm§À`mXoe_wIrMr gZX Ë`mZ| Ë`m§Zm H$ê$Z {Xbr.

Z§Va H$m§ht {Xdgm§Zr A{XbehmZ| H$Zm©Q>H$ d ÐdrS> øm àm§Vm§Mm ZrQ> ~§Xmo~ñVd ì`dñWm bmdÊ`mgmR>r ehmOramOm§g Ë`m àm§VmMr gw^oXmar XoD$Z {VH$So> nmR>{db|.amOm§Zr {VH$S>Mr gJir ~o~§XemB© _moSy>Z Q>mHy$Z gwì`dñWm bm{dbr; _hmamï´>mVrbH$m§ht hþema ~«m÷U {VH$So> ZoD$Z O_m~§XrMr dJ¡ao Zdr nÕV gwê Ho$br; Am{U{VH$S>rb bmoH$m§er Ý`m`mZ| d __VoZ| dmJyZ Ë`m§Mm bmo^ g§nm{Xbm. A{XbehmMo{VH$S>rb ~a|M CËnÞ dmT>dyZ V| Ë`mbm Zo_mZo nmdVo H$aÊ`mg Vo H$Yt H$gya H$arVZgV. øm H$ma^mam§V Ë`m§Zt Amnbm{h ~amM \$m`Xm H$ê$Z KoVbm. {VH$S>rb V§Omdad {ÌMZmn„r ho Zdo _wbyI Ë`m§Zr H$m~rO Ho$bo. Vo A{XbehmZ| Ë`m§À`mH$So>MOhm{JarXmIb R>o{dbo.

ømà_mU| A{XbehmMr gw^oXmar nVH$ê$Z ehmOramOm§Zr Amnë`m A§JÀ`mem¡ ©dr`m©{X Aà{V_ JwUm§À`m `moJmZo H$Zm©Q>H$m§V Amnb| dM©ñd Mm§Jë`m àH$maoñWm{nV Ho$b| Am{U A{XbehmMm nwam {dœmg g§nmXZ Ho$bm. øm doir amOm§À`m_Zm§V H$Zm©Q>H$m§V ñdV§Í` amÁ` ñWmnÊ`mMm {dMma oUo ñdm^m{dH$ hmoV|. na§Vw Vg|

15

H$aÊ`mMm KmQ> KmVë`mg AmnUm§bm `e oUo eŠ` Zmhr Ag| dmQy>Z Vo Agë`mYmS>gmbm àd¥Îm Pmbo ZmhrV Ag| {XgV|. Ë`m§Mm Agm _mZg hmoVm h| {gÕ H$aÊ`mg~amM nwamdm Amho. CXmhaUmW© Vo gw^oXmarÀ`m hþÚmda$ AgVm§ Ë`m§À`m hmVMo gZXmdJ¡ao Oo XñVEodO bmoH$m§H$So> AÚm{n AmT>iVmV, Ë`m§da d[að>> gaH$mamÀ`m dVrZ|dJ¡ao Ame`mMm Omo _m`Zm Zoh_rÀ`m nÕVrg AZwgê$Z Agmd`mMm Ë`mÀ`m EodOr"ehmOramOo ^mogbo `m§À`m Xa~mam§VyZ Agm C„oI AmT>iVmo. Xþgam _moR>m nwamdmAgm H$s¨ [edmOr_hmamOm§Zt {dOmnyaH$am§À`m _wbIm§V Ym_Yy_ gwê$ Ho$br Voìhm§Ë`m§g ehmOramOm§MrM \y$g Agbr nm{hOo Agm dhr_ oD$Z A{XbehmZ| Ë`m§gAgm Oa~oMm hþHy$_ nmR>{dbm "H$s¨ Vwåhr Amnë`m nwÌmÀ`m ~o~§X dV©Zmg AmimKmbyZ Ë`mMm `mo½` ~§Xmo~ñV H$am.' Ë`mda amOm§Zr Ë`mMr Aer g_OyV Ho$br H$s"_r _mÂ`m nyduÀ`m ~m`H$moMm Z {VÀ`m Ë`m _wbmMm H$YrM Ë`mJ Ho$bm AgyZ Xþga|b¾{h Ho$b| Amho. gaH$mamZoM Ë`mMm dmQ>ob Ë`m arVrZ| ~§Xmo~ñV H$amdm.' ømCS>dmCS>drÀ`m O~m~mMo Ia| B§{JV Ag| hmoVo H$s Amnbm _wbJm O| YmS>gmM| H$m_H$arV Amho Vo Amnë`m Bï> CÔoemÀ`m {gÕrg AZwHy$i Amho Ag| Ë`m§g dmQ>VAgë`m_wi| Ë`m§À`m A„S>$ dV©Zmg Amim KmbÊ`mg Vo àd¥Îm Pmbo ZmhtV, Am{UAmnë`mdaMm dhr_ H$gm~gm CS>dyZ Vo Zm_m{Zamio Pmbo.

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ømà_mU| ehmOr amOm§Zr _hmamï´>m§V oD$Z Amnë`m gËnwÌmMr ôQ> KoVbr._hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Mm na_nyÁ`~wÕrZ| d AË`mXanyd©H$ gÝ_mZ Ho$bm. Ag| gm§JVmV H$s_hmamO Ë`m§Zm nm`m§Zr gm_moao Jobo, Am{U Ë`m§Zm nmbIrV ~gdyZ Ë`m§Mo OmoSo> KoD$ZAmnU nmbIr~amo~a Mmbbo; Am{U Ë`m§Zm AJ«mgZr ~gdyZ AmnU Ë`m§À`mnmerZ_«^mdmZ| Cô am{hbo. Ë`m§Mr Vr {nV¥{Zð>m, Z_«Vm d g§nmXZ Ho$bobr Xm¡bV nmhÿZamOm§Zm A{Ve{`V g_mYmZ dmQ>b|. _hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm Aer AmJ«hmMr {dZ§{V Ho$brH$s¨, ""AmnU AmVm§ Aem CVma d`m§V `dZm§Mr Vm~oXmar nVH$ê$Z Cabobo Am wî`Ë`m§À`m god|V Kmb{dUo Bï> Zmht. AmnU BH$So> amhÿZ _r g§nm{Xboë`m gJù`mXm¡bVrMo _mbH$ ìhmd| d _OH$Sy>Z godm ¿`mdr.'' `mg amOm§Zr Agm O~m~ {XbmH$s¨, ""_r Or H$Zm©Q>H$m§V Ohm{Jar g§nmXbr Amho Vr Vw_À`m bmo^mñVd Kmb{dUo~amo~a Zmht. _r Vw_À`mH$So> am{hbmo Va A{Xbehm Vr ImÌrZo OßV H$arb, Am{U

17

{VVHo$ A{XbehmMo ~i dmT>ob.'' Aer Ë`m§Mr g_OyV KmbyZ amOo H$Zm©Q>H$mV naVAmbo; naÝVw {VH$So> Vo \$ma {Xdg OJbo ZmhtV. _hmamï´>m§VyZ naV Amë`mda Vo XmoZdfmªZr {ZdV©bo. Vo EHo$ {Xdet ~§XoH$sa Zm§dmÀ`m Jmdr {eH$marg Jobo AgVm§ gemMrnmaY CR>y>Z Ë`m§Zr Amnbm KmoS>m Ë`mÀ`m _mJo bm{dbm. YmdVm YmdVm ^o§S>mitVKmoS>çmMm nm` AS>Hy$Z Vo Imbt nS>bo, d N>mVrda KmoS>çmMm nm` nSy>Z Ë`m YŠ`mZ|Ë`m§M| VoW|M àmUmoËH«$_U Pmb|. h| dV©_mZ 1664 gmbt KS>bo. Vo Á`m OmJr dmaboVoW| Ë`m§Mr N>Ìr ~m§{Ybr d A{XbehmH$Sy>Z gZX AmUdyZ Ë`m Jm§dmMo CËnÞ{VÀ`m IMm©g bmdyZ {Xb|.

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amOm§Mm Xþgam Am¡ag nwÌ AWm©V Am_Mo àm¡T>àVmn M[aÌZm`H$. Ë`mMo OÝ_{edZoar {H$„çmda gZ 1627 V Pmb|. øm {H$„çmda {OOm~mB© H$em oD$Zam{hë`m hmoË`m ho _mJ| gm§{JVb|M Amho. amOm§Zr gZ 1630 V _mo{hË`m§Mr VwH$m~mB©{hOer {ddmh Ho$bm hmoVm; {VÀ`m nmoQ>t Ë`m§g EH$M _wbJm Pmbm. Ë`mM| Zmdì §H$moOr. hm gZ 1631 V OÝ_bm. øm _m`boH$m§g amOm§Zt M§Xmda àmVm§V ZoD$ZR>o{dbo hmoV|. _hmamï´>m§Vrb Amnë`m namH«$_r nwÌmMr _moR>r Xm¡bV d {VMr ì`dñWmnmhÿZ Joë`mda amOm§Zr øm ì §H$moOrg Odi ~mobmdyZ oUoà_mU| ~moY Ho$bm: ""Vw_ModS>rb ~§Yw {edmOramOo `m§Zr Odm_Xr© H$ê$Z Zdo amÁ` g§nm{Xb| Amho. VwåhrAm_À`m BH$S>rb Xm¡bVrMo _mbH$ Amhm§. Am_Mo H$mH$m {dR>moOramOo d Am_Mo ~§Yw


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ear\$OramOo m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mMo Vw§åhr Mmbdmd|. àOmnmbZ WmÝ`m` H$ê$Z amÁ`H$ma^maMmbdmdm. Vw_Mo dS>rb ~§Yy {edmOramOo m§Zt Va gd© n¥Ïdrbm AmH«$_U H$aÊ`mMmàM§S> CÚmoJ Ama§{^bm Amho. B©œaH¥$noZo Ë`m§M| _ZmoaW n[anyU© Pmbo Va Vo gdm©M|g§JmonZ H$[aVrbM. na§Vw Ë`m§À`mda H$Xm{MV g_` JwXabm Var Amåhr BH$S>rbXm¡bVrMm A{XbehmH$Sy>Z BV„m VmoSy>Z KoVbm Amho. hr Xm¡bV Vw_Mr XmoKm§MrAmho. gm§àV øm Xm¡bVtMo ajU Vwåhr hþemarZ| H$amdo. Vwåhr _mPo AmdS>Vo nwÌ AgyZnamH«$_r {edmOramOm§Mo ~§Yw Amhm§ h| Ü`mZm§V R>odm. nXar Mma {dœmgy _mUgo AmhoVË`m§À`m {dMmamZo Mmbë`mg Vw_Mo H$ë`mU hmoB©b.''

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19

_mJo gm§{JVb|M Amho H$s¨ ehmOramOo eÌyÀ`m à~i g¡Ý`mÀ`m nmR>bmJmñVdXm¡S> H$arV AgVm§ {OOm~mB© ~amo~a hmoVr. Vr JamoXa Agë`m_wi| {Vbm KmoS>çmdê$ZZoVm oB©Zm åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr {Vbm {edZoar {H$„çm§V R>o{dbo. VoW| Vr eHo$ 1549, à^dZm_ g§dËga, d¡emI ewÕ n§M_r, gmo_dma (Vm. 10 E{àb gZ1627) øm {Xderàg¥V Pmbr. ømà_mU| _amR>r gm_«mÁ`mÀ`m g§ñWmnH$mMm OÝ_ øm Aem Ym_Yw_rÀ`mdoir {edZoar {H$„çm§V Pmb|. {OOm~mB©g nwÌaËZ Pmë`m_wi| Am{lV _§S>irgAË`mZ§X Pmbm. Ë`m {R>H$mUr Am{U Ë`m pñWVrg AZwHy$b Pmbm VodT>m CËgdË`m§Zt Ho$bm. AmgnmgÀ`m JmdmVmb _mob_Owar H$aUmè`m ~m`H$m {H$ë`mda Amë`mVodT>çm§Zm ~mamVoam {Xdg ^moOZ KmbyZ bwJS>r, MmoiIU dJ¡ao ~{jg| {Xbr.

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{dOmnwamg AgVm§ VoWrb AZoH$ àH$ma nmhÿZ {edmOr _hmamOm§À`m R>m`tMm`dZÛof A{YH$M dmT>bm. Ë`m§Zm A{XbehmÀ`m ^oQ>rg ZoÊ`mMm ehmOramOm§Zr ~oV

21

Ho$bm Vmo Ë`m§Zm _wit ng§V dmQ>bm Zmht. Ë`m§Mr nañna g_OyV nmS>Ê`mMm à`ËZamOm§Zr nXaÀ`m bmoH$m§H$Sy>Z d {OOm~mB©H$Sy>Z H$a{dbm. nU _hmamO Amnbm hoH$mgmoS>oZmV. Voìhm§ eodQ>r amOm§Zt Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m g_j ~mobmdyZ AmUyZ nwT>rbà_mU|~moY Ho$bm: ""AmO `dZ n¥Ïdrn{V AmhoV. ñdY_©ajU H$éZ Ë`m§Mr godm H$aÊ`mgH$m` haH$V Amho? B©œar gyÌmà_mU| Amåhm§g gm§àV Ë`m§Mr godm nVH$ê$Z `moJjo_H$aU| ^mJ Amho. Xodmg Ag| H$aU| ZgV| Va qhXÿ§Mo amÁ` Ë`m§À`m hmVt H$m§ ~a|OmV|? H$mbdV©_mZmZwê$n dmJyZ Amåhr h| d¡^d g§nm{Xb| Amho. h| OVZ H$aÊ`mgVwåhm§bm ~mXehmMr H¥$nm g§nmXZ Ho$br nm{hOo.'' hm CnXoe EoHy$Z _hmamOm§Zrg_`m©X d g{dZ` CÎma {Xb| V| Ago: ""_bm d{S>bm§Mr Amkm {eagm d§Ú Amho.na§Vw JmohË`m d Xod~«m÷Um§Mr {dS§>~Zm `dZ H$[aVmV Vr _mÂ`mZ| {~bHy$b nmhdVZmht.'' øm CÎmamZo amOm§g dmB©Q> Va dmQ>b| ZmhtM, na§Vw CbQ> Ë`m§Mm nmUrXmanUmd `dZÛof nmhÿZ H$m¡VwH$M dmQ>bo. Var Ë`m§Zt Ë`m§Mr ZmZm àH$mat g_OyV KmbyZË`m§g eodQ>t A{XbehmÀ`m ^oQ>rg Xa~mam§V Zobo. Ë`m§Zm O{_Zrg hmV bmdyZ _wOamH$amd`mg gm§{JVb| AgyZ Ë`m§Zt A{Xbehmbm ZwgVm gbm_ Ho$bm. VoW| Ë`m§g dóoOdmhra dJ¡ao XoD$Z Ë`m§Mm _mZ Ho$bm. øm Z§Va Vo amOm§~amo~a doimodoim Xa~mam§VOmV. naVw Ë`m§Zt EHo$ {Xdet d{S>bmg Ag| gm§{JVbo H$s¨ ñdY_© d ~«m÷U `m§MroW| gXmo{XV qZXm MmbVo Vr _bm {~bHy$b EoH$dV Zmht. aañË`mV JmodY hmoVmo Vmo

nmhÿZ Va _bm namH$mð>oMo dmB©Q> dmQ>V| d Agm Ëdof oVmo H$s¨ JmodY H$aUmam§Mm{eaÀN>oX H$amdm. _wgb_mZm§Mm _bm _wit g§gJ© ZH$mo Ag| dmQ>V|. _bm Amnë`m~amo~a Xa~mam§V `md`mMr Amkm H$ê$§ Z o. Voìhm§ AWm©V amOm§Zt Ë`m§Zm ~amo~aoÊ`m{df`t, gº$s Ho$br Zmhr; Am{U Xa~mamH$Sy>Z Ë`m§Zt Agm hþHy$_ H$a{dbm H$s

añË`m§VyZ H$moUr JmodY H$ê§$ Z o d Jmo_m§gmMr XþH$mZo _m§Sy> Z oV.

hm Agm ~§Xmo~ñV Pmë`mda _hmamO nwZ… Xa~mamg OmD$§ bmJbo. EHo$ {XderVo Amnë`m H$m§hr g_d`r {_Ìm§gh KmoS>çmda ~gyZ Mmbbo AgVm§ EH$ H$gmB©ehamÀ`m XadmOmnmer Jmo_m§g {dH$md`mg ~gbobm Ë`m§Zt nmhVmM Vbdma CngyZË`mMm VoWë`mVoW| {eaÀN>oX Ho$bm. øm Jmoï>rMm _moR>m JdJdm hmoD$Z Vr A{XbehmÀ`mH$mZmda Jobr. Voìhm§ Vmo åhUmbm H$r {edmOramOm§Zt Ho$b| V| `mo½` Amho. Ë`mH$gm`mZ| hþHy$_ _moS>bm Ë`mMo Ë`mbm mo½` emgZ {_imbo. øm àH$aUm_wi| _wgb_mZ

{edmOr _hmamOm§Mo ~minU

¾ÖÖµÖ 652-6

g§{já {edM[aÌ22

\$ma Idibo Am{U dmQ>ob Vo ~moby bmJbo. `m Jmoï>rMr amOm§Zm _moR>r qMVm bmJyZam{hbr. Ë`m§Zt d {OOm~mB©Zo {edmOr_hmamOm§Zm Agm ~moY Ho$bm H$s¨, AgbmhÿS>nUm H$ê$Z dZÛof Agm ñnï>nUo XmI{dUo ~amo~a Zmht; Ë`m§V Amnë`m Xm¡bVrMmd Amnbm Zme hmoUma Amho. ømda _hmamOm§Zr ñnï>nUo nU _`m©XerbVoZ| O~m~{Xbm Vmo Agm: ""Vw_Mm CnXoe _bm {eagm d§Ú Amho. na§Vw VwaH$mbm O{_Zrg hmVbmdyZ _wOam H$aU|, ñdY_©{dS§>~Zm d JmodYm{X AZpÝdV H$_} hmoV Agbobr nmhUo_bm {~bHy$b AmdS>V Zmht. Vt Ñï>rg nS>br åhUOo _bm EdT>m g§Vmn oVmo H$s¨_mP| Xoh^mZ Zmhtgo hmoV|. øm Jmoï>rg _mPm {Zénm` Amho. VwH$m©Mo AÞ ImD$ZamhÊ`m§V ñdY_©hm{Z Amho Ag| _bm dmQ>V|. mZ§Va _mÂ`m hmVyZ H$m§ht A{dMmamMrH¥$Ë o hmoD$§ Z oV Ag| Amnë`m _Zm§V Agob Va _bm oW| R>ody ZH$m, `dZm§À`mamÁ`m~mhoa H$moR>o Var Xÿa R>odm. h| Ag| _r AmnUm§g {ZjyZ gm§JVmo V| Amnbr AdkmqH$dm Cn_X© H$amdm åhUyZ Zìho. hr _mPr AmnUm§g hmV OmoSy>Z {dZ§{V Amho.'' h|Ë`m§M| {Zdm©UrMo CÎma EoHy$Z amOm§Zr Ag| R>a{db| H$s¨ `m§Zm nwÊ`mg nmR>dyZ Úmd|. `mdoir XmXmOr H$m|S>Xod Xm¡bVrMm {hemo~ KoD$Z {dOmnwamg Ambm hmoVm, Ë`mÀ`m~amo~aË`m§Zt {OOm~mB©g d _hmamOm§g nwZ… nwÊ`mg nmR>dyZ {Xb|.

Ag| gm§JVmV H$s _hmamOm§Mm AmUIr EH$ {ddmh {dOmnwamg A{XbehmÀ`mAmJ«hmñVd Pmbm. øm {ddmhmg IwÔ A{Xbehm d Xa~maMo gJio gaXma AmboAgyZ `m doit ZOaZOamUm d Amhoa {H$Vr Pmbm `mMr JUZm Zmhr. amOm§ZrXmZY_©, ^moOZo, _oOdmÝ`m BË`m{XH$m§V {dnwb Ðì` I{M©bo. _hmamOm§À`m Xþgè`m~m`H$moMo Zm§d gmo`am~mB© Ag| R>o{dbo.

***

23

_hmnwéf {Z_m©U hmoÊ`mg AZwHy$b n[apñW{V d gw{ejU `m§Mr Anojm AgVo.hr {edmOr _hmamOm§g Mm§Jbr àmßV Pmbr hmoVt Ë`m§À`m R>m`rÀ`m Á`m An[a{_V`dZÛofm_wio Ë`m§g ehmOramOm§Zr AmnUmH$Sy>Z Xya Ho$bo Ë`mMo ~miH$Sy>§ Ë`m§ZmË`m§À`m na_{à` _mVoH$Sy>Z {_imb| hmoVo; Am{U ñdmV§Í`àm{ßV{df`rMr à~i AmH$m§jmË`m§À`m R>m`t CØdyZ {dH$mg nmdÊ`mg Ë`m§Mr {OOm_mVmM H$maU Pmbr. mogë`m§À`mHw$im§V eH$H$Vm© {Z_m©U hmoUma Ag| O| {dî` hmoV| V| Ë`m m{dH$ ñÌrbm Ia| dmQ>o.ehmOramOm§Zr Ho$boë`m namH«$_m§Mo n ©dgmZ ñdmV§Í`àmárV hmoB©b Ag| {Vbm dmQ>Ê`mgà~i H$maU Agë`m_wi| hr Jmoï> Ag§^mì` Zmhr Ago {Vbm dmQ>V Ago. _moJbm§À`mà~i goZonwT>o amOm§Zm hma Imdr bmJbr ZgVr Va hm `moJ ImÌrZo àmßV PmbmAgVm. nwT>o Amnë`m nwÌmÀ`m R>m`t {dH$mg nmdV Agbobo gÒþU nmhÿZ {Vbm Ag|dmQy> bmJbo H$s¨ hm Amnbm nwÌ h| ^{dî` Ia| H$ê$Z XmIdrb; Am{U ^mogë`m§À`md OmYdm§À`m KamÊ`mM| amÁ` Á`m `dZm§Zr {hamdyZ KoVb| d Amnë`m _hmnamH«$_rnVrbm hVdr © Ho$b|, Ë`m§Mm gyS> CJ{dÊ`mM| gm_Ï © øm Amnë`m nwÌmbm àmßVhmoB©b Ag| ñdßZ {Vbm Eìhm§nmgyZM nSy§> bmJb| hmoV|. øm g§~§YmÀ`m Jmoï>r VrAmnë`m ~miamOm§er Zoh_r ~mobV Ago. C^` Hw$bm§À`m amOd¡^dmMo haU `dZm§ZrHo$ë`m_wi| AmnUm§g {H$Vr hrZ pñW{V àmßV Pmbr Amho V| Vr Ë`m§g doimodoimgm§JV Ago. ehmOramOm§Zr ZwH$VoM Oo namH«$_ Ho$bo hmoVo Ë`m§M| dU©Z Vr Ë`m§OnmernwZ…nwZ: H$ê$Z Ë`m§À`m öX`m§V Vgo namH«$_ H$aÊ`mMr BÀN>m OmJ¥V hmoB©b Ag|H$aÊ`m{df`r Vr Zoh_r PQ>V Ago. JmohË`m H$aUmè`m, Xod~«m÷Um§Mr {dS§>~Zm H$aUmè`m,H«y$a d {dœmgKmVH$s Aem `dZm§Mr godm H$ê$Z `moJjo_ Mmb{dUo AË §V {Z§Ú d{dn{Îm_ybH$ Amho Agm ~moY Vr Ë`m§Zm Ah{Z©e H$arV Ago. Vr _moR>r Y_©erbAgë`m_wi| Kat Zoh_r nmoÏ`mnwamU| dmMdr. Ë`m§Vrb H$Wm EoH$Ê`mMm ZmX _hmamOm§g

^mJ nm§Mdm

{edmOr_hmamOm§M| {ejU

g§{já {edM[aÌ24

bhmZnUmnmgyZ bmJbm hmoVm. øm_wi| ñdY_m©{df`rMm A{^_mZ d lÕm hr Ë`m§À`möX`m§V Aën d`m§VM CÕdbr. am_amdU, H$m¡adnm§S>d BË`m{XH$m§Mo wÕàg§J EoHy$ZË`m§À`m A§Jm§V ñ\$waU oV Ago; Am{U Amnë`m d{S>bm§Mo namH«$_ ñd_mVoÀ`mVm|Sy>Z nwZ nwZ… EoHy$Z Vgo AmnU H$ê$ d ñdOr{dVmMo gmW©Š` H$ê$ Agm hþê$nË`m§À`m R>m`r g_Oy bmJë`mnmgyZ CËnÞ hmoD$Z Vmo {Xdg|{Xdg d¥qÕJV hmoV Jobm.Ë`m§À`m AmMaUmg Mm§Jbo diU bmJmdo, Ë`m§Zm Hw$g§J{V bmJy Z o, Ë`m§Zm H$moU{hì`gZ qH$dm T>§J bmJy Z o åhUyZ {OOm_mVm \$maM OnV Ago. ømà_mUo _hmamOm§À`mR>m`t gmhg, Y¡ ©, em¡ ©, _Xþ©_H$s, gXmMmaàrqV, ñdY_©{Zð>m, ñdmV§Í`àr{V BË`m{XgX²JþUm§Mm {dH$mg øm _mCbrÀ`m {ejUmZ| Mm§Jbm Pmbm. `dZm§Mo Vm~oXma hmoD$ZnaV§ÌV|V Am wî` H«$_U H$aÊ`m§V H$mhrEH$ nwéfmW© Zmht, `dZm§da ^a§dgm R>odyZË`m§Mr godm {H$Vr{h B_mZmZ| Ho$br Var {VMo H$mhrEH$ MrO ìhmd`mM| Zmht d Iè`mgm¡»`mMm bm^ KS>md`mMm Zmht, øm {dMmam§Mo ~miH$Sy> øm _mVoZo ~miamOm§g^anya nmObo hmoV|. {edm` Ë`m§M| ~minU A[V{~H$Q> pñWVtV Job| Agë`m_wi|_mVoMm hm gw~moY Ë`m§À`m öX`m§V Mm§JbmM àVrV Pmbm. EH§$XatV VmËn © H$m` H$s{OOm~mB©gmaIr na_ gmpËdH$, ^m{dH$, ñdm{^_mZr d ñdmoËH$f©{à` _mVm{edmOr_hmamOm§gma»`m na__mV¥ ŠV$ d ~w{Õ_mZ² nwéfmbm gwX¡dmZo àmá hmoD$Z {VÀ`mA{Vào_i ~moYmMm R>gm Ë`m§À`m {MÎmmda CËH$ï> CRy>Z Ë`m§À`m hmVyZ gd© OJmg W¸$H$ê$Z gmoS>Umao d qhXÿ àOog `dZÌmgmnmgyZ _wº$ H$aUmao namH«$_ KS>bo.

AmVm§ XmXmOr H$m|S>XodmH$Sy>Z _hmamOm§g H$moUË`m àH$maÀ`m {ejUmMm bm^Pmbm V| gm§JVmo. hm ~«m÷U _moR>m hþema, ñdH$V©ì`Xj d ñdm{_H$m`m©gmR>rA{Vàm_m{UH$nUmZ| d n[al_nyd©H$ PQ>Umam Agm hmoVm. Ë`mZ| _hmamOm§g wÕH$bm{eH${dÊ`mMr CÎm_ ì`dñWm Ho$br. øm àH$maÀ`m {ejUmg {OOm~mB©Zo `mnyduMAma§^ Ho$bm hmoVm. `m{edm` AmUIr {VZo _hmamOm§H$Sy>Z {dÚmä`mg{h WmoS>mgmH$a{dbm hmoVm. h| {ejU XmXmOrÀ`m ì`dñWoImbt {deof Mm§Jbo Pmb|. _hmamOm§Zmnmaer d CXÿ© øm mfm Mm§Jë`m {eH${dë`m AgyZ Ë`m§Zm WmoS|>g| g§ñH¥$V{h {eH${dbohmoVo. Ë`m§Zt H$m§ht nXo d AmaË`m Ho$ë`m AgyZ Ë`m§V CXÿ© mfoVrb eãX ~aoM AmhoVAg| åhUVmV. XmXmOr ñdV… Y_©erb Agë`m_wi| Vmo Zoh_r H$sV©Z H$adr d nwamUodmMdr. Ë`m§M| _hmamOm§g {ZË` ldU KSy§> bmJb|.

25{edmOr _hmamOm§Mo {ejU

àË`j XmXmOrH$Sy>Z _hmamOm§g AmUIr EH$m àH$maMo Mm§Jb| {ejU {_imbo.Vmo àH$ma Agm… O_m~§XrM| H$m_ H$g| H$amdo, àm§Vm§M| CËnÞ dmT>{dÊ`mg H$moUVoCnm` `moOmdo, a`Vog Iwf H$g| amImd|, hmVmImbrb bmoH$m§er H$g| __VoZ| dmJmdo,Ý`m`_Zgw~m H$gm {ZnjnmVrnUmZ| d {Zanoj~wÕrZ| H$amdm, KmoSo> dJ¡ao OZmdam§MrOmonmgZm H$er H$amdr, {enmB©ß`mXo dJ¡ao ZmoH$a nXar R>odmd`mMo Vo H$go nmaIyZR>odmdo, ZmoH$am§g amOr amIyZ Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z Bï> H$m_| H$er {~Z~mo^mQ> H$ê$Z ¿`mdr,nmJm d bîH$a `m§Mr {eñV H$er amImdr BË`m{X Jmoï>tMo kmZ Ë`m§g bhmZ d`m§VMMm§Jb§o {_imbo. {edm` _wËgÔo{JarMo {ejU Ë`m§g XmXmOrH$Sy>Z ~a|M {_imbo._hmamO Xþgè`m Ionog {dOmnwamg Jobo Voìhm§ Ë`m§Mo dS>rb BVa gaXmam§er d _wËgÚm§etamOH$s` dmQ>mKmQ>r Zoh_r H$arV Ë`m Vo bjnyd©H$ EoH$V ~gV; d A{XbemhrXa~mamV{h Ë`m§Zm ~è`mM Jmoï>r EoH$md`mg d nmhmd`mg {_imë`m. Ë`m_wi| Ë`m§À`mì`mdhm[aH$ d amOH$s` {ejUm§V Aën d`m§VM nwîH$i ^a nS>br.

oWn ªV _hmamOm§À`m ~hþVoH$ ì`dhm[aH$, Z¡{VH$ d amOH$s` {ejUmMm àH$magm§{JVbm. m{edm` AmUIr Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z J«§WmÜ``Z H$a{dë`mMr {dœgZr` Aer_m{hVr {_iV Zmhr. Var Ë`m§Zm {b{hUo dmMUo {eH${db| AgyZ nmaer, CXÿ© dg§ñH¥$V øm mfm{h WmoS>çm\$ma {eH${dë`mMm nwamdm Agë`mModa gm§{JVb|M Amho.{edm` dm_Z, VwH$mam_, am_Xmg, ^yfU dJ¡ao H$dtZr Ë`m§À`m g§~§YmZ| Oo ñVw{VnaCÕma Amnë`m H$mì`m§V H$m{T>bo AmhoV Ë`m§dê$Z Ë`m§M| {dÚmÜ``Z ~a|M Pmb| hmoV|Ag| {XgVo.

***

g§{já {edM[aÌ26

{dOmnwamhÿZ naV Amë`mda {edmOr_hmamOm§Zr Amnbm H¥$Vg§H$ën nwT>rbà_mU|~mobyZ XmI{dbm. ""d{S>bm§Zt `dZm§Mr Vm~oXmar nVH$ê$Z g§nm{Xboë`m Xm¡bVrda{Zdm©h H$ê$Z amhUo _bm `mo½` dmQ>V Zmht. ñdVm§À`m namH«$_mZo ZdrZ Xm¡bVg§nmXÊ`mMm _r {ZYm©a Ho$bm Amho. _mÂ`m hmVyZ H$mhr ZdrZ H$_mB© hmoB©b VaM^mogë`m§À`m Hw$im§V OÝ_ KoVë`mMo gmW©Š`. nwéfmZo ñdV…À`m H$_mB©Mo AÞ Imdo`m§VM Iam nwéfmW© Amho. X¡dmda ^adgm R>odyZ amhUo gd©Wm `mo½` Zìho. X¡d n§JwAmho. nwéfmZ| ñdà`ËZmZ| Ë`mg A~b Ho$b| nm{hOo. dZm§Zr Amåhm qhXÿÀ`m ñdmV§Í`mMmAnhma H$ê$Z Jmo~«m÷Umg d joÌm{XH$m§g AZoH$ àH$mat Ìmg {Xbm Amho, d qhXÿY_m©Mr MmohmoH$So> ½bm{Z hmoV Mmbbr Amho. hm A{Zï> àH$ma ~§X H$ê$Z ñdmV§Í`mMrnwZ: ñWmnZm H$aÊ`m{df`r VZ_ZYZ|H$ê$Z CÚmoJ Ama§{^Ê`mMm _r {Zü` Ho$bmAmho. øm gËH$m ©{gÕrgmR>r à`ËZ H$[aVm§Zm gd©ñdZme hmoD$Z ñdàmU doMmdobmJbo Var qMVm Zmht. AmOn ªV _mP| d` ì`W© Job| Ë`mg AmVm§ Cnm` Zmht.BV…na Am`Ë`m {nR>mda aoKm AmoT>rV ~gyZ àmßV pñWVtV g_mYmZ _mZyZ amhÊ`mV_witM nwéfmW© Zmht.'' hm Ë`m§Mm g§H$ën XmXmOrg H$ibm Voìhm§ Ë`mZo Ë`m§ZmË`mnmgyZ namd¥Îm H$aÊ`mMm nwîH$i à`ËZ Ho$bm, nU Vmo gJim ì`W© Jobm. Ë`mMmZo^ionUmMm CnXoe Ë`m§Zt _wir _Zmg Am{Ubm Zmhr. Ë`m§Mo VoO {dbjU AgyZA§JrH¥$V H$m`m©M| _hÎd d Vo gmÜ` H$ê$Z KoÊ`mg bmJUmar gmYZgm_wJ«r m§Mo kmZË`m§À`m R>m`t nyU©nUo dgV Agë`mH$maUmZ| Vo Amnë`m g§H$ënmnmgyZ AUw_mÌnamd¥Îm Pmbo ZmhtV. Ë`m§À`m _Zm§V Ho$di Aën d`m§V Agm ÑT> g§H$ën CX² dÊ`mbmË`m§Mr ñdm{^_mZr d _hÎdmH$m§jr na_{à` _mVmM Ho$di H$maU hmo . hm _mV¥~moYmMmà^md {H$Vr {dbjU Amho nmhm! _mV¥_wImZ| {ZKmbobm ào_i d _Ywa Agm EH$eãX Xeghó CnXoeH$m§À`m ~moYàMwa ì`m»`mZm§hÿZ A{YH$ Amho Aer EH$ CpŠV

^mJ ghmdm

ñdamÁ`ñWmnZoMr {gÕVm

27

Amh| {VMr gË`Vm _hmamOm§À`m M[aÌm§V Mm§Jbr àË``mg oVo. `dZmMr Vm~oXmaràmU Jobm Var H$ê$§ Z o; Ë`m§M| AÞ ImUo åhUOo {df^jU H$aU| hmo`; ñdamÁ`ñWmnZ H$ê$Z qhXÿ àOog `dZÌmgmnmgyZ _wº$ H$aÊ`mÀ`m à`ËZmbm _Z…nyd©H$bmJmd`mM|, BË`m{X _Xþ©_H$sMo {dMma Ë`m§À`m öX`m§V bhmZnUrM CØdyZ CÎmamoÎmaÑT> hmoV Jobo Vo {OOm_mVoÀ`m {ejUm_wioM hmoV. øm g§~§YmMo gJio lo` øm_mCbrgM {Xbo nm{hOo.

_hmamOm§À`m øm YmS>gmÀ`m g§H$ënmg àmoËgmhH$ Aer AmUIr EH$ Jmoï>åhQ>br åhUOo Ë`m§À`m _hmàVmnr d em¡ ©embr d{S>bm§Mo {dbjU namH«$_ Ë`m§À`mS>moù`m§g_moa hmoVo. Amnë`mnmer bmoH$m§Mm Mm§Jbm O_md Agbm Va `dZm§er Q>¸$aXoD$Z Ë`m§g Ooarg AmUÊ`mMo H$m_ H$m§ht H$R>rU Zmhr h| ehmOramOm§À`m CÁÁdiM[aÌmdê$Z Ë`mÀ`m bjm§V Mm§Jbo Amb| hmoVo. åhUyZM ho YmS>g H$aÊ`mg Vo~oYS>H$ àd¥Îm Pmbo.

nwÊ`mg naV Amë`mda Amnbr gJir OhmJra àË`j OmD$Z nmhÊ`mÀ`m{^emZ| AmgnmgÀ`m nmhmS>r _wbImV _hmamO EH$gmaIo {\$ê$ bmJbo. OdiÀ`m_mhrVJma bmoH$m§g ~amo~a KoD$Z d {Za{Zamù`m Jm§dt Zdo ñZohr H$ê$Z Ë`m§À`mgmhmæ`mZo OdinmgÀ`m ~hþVoH$ ñWbm§Mo d {H$„çm§Mo {ZarjU Ë`m§Zr _moR>çm CËgmhmZoHo$bo. àË oH$ {H$ëë`mÀ`m MmoadmQ>m d Xè`mImoè`m§Vrb ~hþVoH$ {~H$Q> añVo Ë`m§ZrEHy$UEH$ ñdV: qhSy>Z nm{hbo. Ë`m§Mr øm _m{hVr{df`tMr EdT>r CËH§$R>m nmhÿZ~amo~aÀ`m bmoH$m§g _moR>o H$m¡VwH$ dmQ>o; Am{U D$Z qH$dm nmD$g, {~H$Q> MT>md qH$dmqhgH$ œmnXo `m§Mr ^r{V qH$dm nadm Z H$[aVm§ Aem Aënd`r amOq~S>çm _wbmZoamZmdZm§VyZ A{dlm§VnUo «_U H$amdo h| Ë`m§g M_ËH$m[aH$ dmQ>o. Á`m àm§Vm§V Amnë`mMidirg Ama§^ H$amd`mMm Ë`m§Vrb bmoH$m§er ñZoh H$ê$Z Ë`m§g Vo Amnbogo H$ê$ZKoD$§ bmJbo. H$moUr H$gm{h _Zwî` Agbm Var Ë`mÀ`mer Ë`m§Zt WmoS>m doi ^mfUHo$b| H$s Vmo Ë`m§g AJXt ^miyZ OmV Ago. hr Aà{V_ H$bm Ë`m§g AJXt Aënd`m§V gmÜ` Pmë`m_wioM _w»`V: Ë`m§g A§JrH¥$V H$m`m©V nwT>| C‚mdb `e bm^bo.

_hmamO nXaÀ`m _mUgm§Zm amOr R>odyZ Ë`m§er __VoZo dmJV. AmnU hbHo$ dho loð> Agm ^mg Ë`m§À`m _Zm§g {~bHy$b hmoD$§ Z o Aer gmdY{Jar Vo Ë`m§À`merdmJÊ`m§V gd©Xm KoV AgV. Ë`m§g H$m§ht g§H$Q> qH$dm AS>MU Agë`mg Vr _moR>çm


g§{já {edM[aÌ28

ñZoh^mdmZo EoHy$Z KoD$Z Amnë`mH$Sy>Z hmoB©b {VVHo$ Ðì`m{XH$m§M| gmhmæ` Ë`m§ZmH$aÊ`mg Vo gd©Xm VËna AgV. Ë`m_wi| Á`mbmË`mbm dmQy>§ bmJb| H$s¨ hm YZr na_X`miy Amho. `mer B_mZmZo dmJyZ `mÀ`m AmkoV AmnU gd©Xm am[hbmo Va Amnb|H$ë`mU hmoB©b. Agm Ë`m§Zt gdmªg doY bm{dbm. _mdio bmoH$m§da Ë`m§Mr \$maM_oha~mZr Ago. ho bmoH$ AS>mUr d ~mdiQ> {XgV. Var Vo _moR>o B_mZr hmoVo dgm§{JVbob| H$m_ hwemarZo d AZÝ` ^mdmZo H$aÊ`mg PQ>V. Ho$boë`m H$m_{Jar~ÔbWmoSo>go BZm_ {Xb| Var VodT>çmZ§oM g§Vwï> hmoD$Z Vo Amnë`m YÝ`met A{YH$m{YH$BV~mam§Z| dmJV. hm _m`miy d CXma YZr Amnë`mer ào_inUmZ| dmJVmo d JmoS>~mobVmo h| nmhÿZ Vo Ë`m§À`mda A{Ve{`V àr{V H$ê$§ bmJbo. Ë`m§À`m _Zm§V_hmamOm{df`t AË §V A{^_mZ d ^{º$ øm d¥{Îm CËnÞ Pmë`m; Am{U OoWo ømYÝ`mMo MaU VoW| Amnb| {ea, Ë`mÀ`m Bï>H$m ©{gÕrgmR>t g_`r àmU{h XoUo àmáPmb| Var qMVm Zmhr Agm Ë`m§À`m _ZmMm {ZYm©a Pmbm.

øm _mdù`m§Mo nwT>mar H$mht Xoe_wI hmoVo, Ë`m§Mm _hmamOm§Zr ñZoh g§nmXÿZË`m§Zm Amnë`m Bï>H$m`m©g AZwHy$i H$ê$Z KoVb|. Ë`m§n¡H$s¨ EgmOr H§$H$, VmZmOr_mbwgao d ~mOr nmgbH$a ho {VKo B{Vhmgm§V à{gÕ AmhoV. ho {VÝhr nwéf _hmamOm§À`màË oH$ H$mañWmZm§V n{hë`mnmgyZ hmoVo. XmXmOr H$m|S>Xod Amnë`m C{Ôï> H$m`m©gCÎmoOZ XoV Zmht h| nmhÿZ _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mÀ`m hmVmImbÀ`m H$maHy$Z_§S>irH$So>Amnbm ~oV ~mobyZ XmIdyZ Ë`m§g Amnë`m _gbVrg AZwHy$i H$ê$Z KoVb|. JmdmoJmdMoXoe_wI d _amR>o gaXma H$m_m{Z{_Îm nwÊ`m§g Ambo åhUOo Ë`m§g EH$sH$So> ~mobmdyZAmnbr _gbV _hmamO gm§JV d Ë`m§À`met Aem wº$sZ| d _mohH$ arVrZ| ^mfUH$arV H$s¨ Vo VËH$mi Ë`m§À`m Ë`m _gbVtV gm_rb hmoV. Ë`m§M| d` bhmZ hmoV| VarË`m§M| _Xþ©_H$sMo d CËgmhOZH$ mfU EoHy$Z d Ë`m§Zt moOboë`m _gbVrMr gmÜ`Vm{H$VnV Amho h| bjm§V KoD$Z Vo Xoe_wI d gaXma Ë`m§Zm VËH$mi de hmoD$ZË`m§À`m _gbVrV {eaÊ`mg CÚwº$ hmoV. gmam§e H$m` H$s _hmamOm§Mm AmXaerbnUm,Ë`m§Mm dr`m}Ëgmh, Ë`mMm `dZm§{df`r namH$mð>oMm Ûof, ñdY_©ajUm{df`r Ë`m§MmnyU© {ZYm©a d ñdamÁ` ñWmnZoZo hmoUmè`m AZ§V \$m`ÚmMo _ZmodoYH$ arVrZ| à{VnmXZH$aÊ`mMr Ë`m§Mr CËH¥$ï> e¡brhr nmhÿZ H$moUr H$gm{h Hw$a}~mO, AmnT>§Jr qH$dmAmnë`mnwaVo nmhUmam Agbm Var Vmo _hmamOm§g AJXr ^miyZ OmV Ago.

29

_hmamOm§Mm ñdamÁ`àmßVrMm CÔoe {gÕrg OmÊ`mg AZwHy$b Aer pñW{V ømdoit nwUo, _mdi dJ¡ao àm§Vm§Mr hmoVr. ho àm§V nydu {ZOm_emhrMo AgyZ Vr emhr~wS>më`mda ZwH$Vo A{XbehmÀ`m Vmã`m§V Ambo hmoVo. `m_wio Ë`m gaH$maZo ømàm§Vm§Mr ì`dñWm AÚm{n Mm§Jbrer bm{dbr ZìhVr. d BH$S>rb {H$„çm§Mm ~§Xmo~ñVZrQ> R>o{dbm ZìhVm. {edm` Ë`m doit A{Xbemhr Xa~mam§V _wËgÔr_§S>im§V ~IoS>m_mObm hmoVm. _mbmoOr d ehmOr øm§À`mH$So> nwUo, gwno dJ¡ao àm§V Ohm{JarXmIbAgyZ Ë`m§Mm ~§Xmo~ñV XmXmOr gma»`m hþema H$maHw$ZmZo Mm§Jbm R>o{dë`m_wi| Ë`mVrbàOmOZ Am~mX d gwIr hmoVo, Am{U qhXÿ§Mo amÁ` hmoB©b Va AmnU gwIr hmoD$§ AgoË`m§g dmQy>§ bmJb| hmoV|. åhUyZ ehmOramOm§gma»`m \$m¡O ~miJyZ AgUmè`m _hmnamH«$_rnwéfmÀ`m VoOñdr nwÌmÀ`m _Zm§V ñdamÁ`ñWmnZoMr ñ\y${V© hmoD$Z VpËgX²Ü`mW©Cnm``moOZoV{h Vmo na_ Hw$eb Amho Aer Ë`m§Mr ImÌr hmoD$Z Ë`mg VZ_ZYZ|H$ê$Z gmhmæ` H$aÊ`mg Vo CÚwº$ Pmbo.

h| ñdamÁ`gmYZgm[hË` _hmamOm§gma»`m VoOñdr d Hw$emJ«~w{Õ nwéfmg Ama§^rAZwHy$b Pmb| VodT>o ~g hmoVo; Am{U {OOm_mVoZ| Ë`m§À`m gwnrH$ _Zmo^y_rV bmdboboñdamÁ`gmYZàrVrM| g×rO CÎm_ àH$ma| A§Hw$[aV hmoD$Z Ë`m _mCbrÀ`mM hñVoË`mM| `WmpñWV goMZ Pmb|, Am{U Ë`mg AZwHy$b n[apñWVrM| d CËgmh, Amdoe,ñdmoËH$f©bmbgm, ñdmV§Í`àr{V `dZÛof, {nË`mMo àmoËgmhH$ M[aÌ BË`m{X Jmoï>rMoCËH¥$ï> IV {_iyZ Ë`m A§Hw$amMm gw§Xa d¥j ~Zbm; Am{U Ë`mMm emIm{dñVma g_J«OJmg M{H$V H$ê$Z Q>mH$Umam Agm Pmbm. øm ñdamÁ`ê$n {demb d¥jmÀ`m _YwaV_\$im§Mm AmñdmX H$m§ht H$mi _hmamï´>r`m§g KSy>Z Vo gwIr, g§nÞ d H$s{V©_mZ² Pmbo.

***


g§{já {edM[aÌ30

^mJ gmVdm

ñdamÁ`ñWmnZobm Ama§^

_mJë`m ^mJm§V gm§{JVë`mà_mU| AmgnmgÀ`m àm§Vm§Mr d {H$ëë`m§Mr _m{hVrMm§Jbr {_idyZ _hmamOm§Zr Ag| R>a{db| H$s¨ _moJb d _wgb_mZ Ë`m§À`m Vmã`m§Vgøm{Ð~m§Ymam Amho, Ë`mdarb {H$ëë`mV Ë`m§Mm Mm§Jbmgm ~§Xmo~ñV Zgë`m_wi| VohmVmer KmbÊ`mMm H«$_ àW_ gwê$ H$amdm; åhUOo Ag| hmoB©b H$s¨ Ë`m{H$ëë`mg^modVmbMm _wbyI ghO OoaXñVrV oB©b; Am{U Aem {~H$Q> {H$ëë`m§À`mAml`mZo `dZm§er WmoS>çmem bmoH$m§{Zet Q>¸$a XoVm oB©b d Oo Xoe_wI AmnUm§gAZwHy$i hmoUma ZmhtV Ë`m§À`mda Oa~ R>odyZ Ë`m§Zm Amnbo A§{H$V H$[aVm§ oB©b.na§Vw {dOmnyaH$am§À`m H$moUË`m{h {H$ë`mda h„m H$ê$Z Vmo KoÊ`mMo gm_Ï © Ë`m§ZmË`m doit ZìhV|; d Agm ñnï> {damoY Ë`m gaH$mamer H$aÊ`mg YOU| Ë`m doit~amo~a ZìhV|. åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr àË`j bT>mB© Q>miyZ H$moUË`mVar wº$sZo {H$„o hñVJVH$aÊ`mM| R>a{db|.

ømà_mU| nwÊ`mÀ`m Z¡F$Ë og gw_ma| drg _¡bm§da VmoaUm Zm§dmMm EH$ {H$ëbmAmho. Ë`mdarb A_bXmamet ~mobUo bmdÊ`mH$[aVm§ _hmamOm§Zr ogmOr H§$H$, VmZmOr_mbgwao d ~mOr nmgbH$a m§g nmR>{db|. Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§Zt Ag| gm§{JVb| H$s¨ hm {H$„mVyV© Am_À`m ñdmYrZ H$am. Vmo Amåhr nmVehmnmgyZ Amnë`mH$So> H$ê$Z KoUmaAmhm|. ømà_mU| Ë`m§À`mer gm_monMmamMo ~mobUo H$ê$Z d Ë`m§g H$m§ht bmM XoD$Zhm {H$„m 1646 gmbr _hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m Vmã`m§V KoVbm; Am{U {dOmnyaXa~mam§VAmnbm dH$sb nmR>dyZ Ag| H$i{dbo H$s¨ hm {H$„m Am_À`m hmVr Agë`mZ|gaH$maÀ`m Vmã`m§Vë`m BH$S>À`m _wbImMm ~§Xmo~ñV ZrQ> amhÿZ CËnÞ{h OmñV{_iob. hr Amnbr ~VmdUr nMmdr åhUyZ Ë`m gmbMo Zoh_tÀ`mnojm§ nwîH$i OmñVCËnÞ Ë`m§Zt {dOmnwamg nmR>dyZ {Xb|.

31

øm {H$ë`mMr XmJXþOr dJ¡ao hm H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm _O~yV Ho$bm d Ë`mbm àM§S>JS>Ag| Zd| Zm§d {Xb|. hm {H$„m IUrV AgVm§ Ë`m§V Ë`m§Zm _moR>m Ðì`{Z{Y gmnS>bm.Vmo AmnUm§g Xodr àgÞ Agë`m_wi| gmnS>bm Agm àdmX Ë`m§Zr MmohmoH$So> nga{dbm.Ë`m_wi| Ë`m§À`mdarb bmoH$m§Mr lÕm {deofM d¥qÕJV Pmbr. øm {H$ëë`mÀ`mAm¾o`rg VrZ _¡bm§da _wa~mS> ZmdmMm EH$ _moR>m S>m|Ja Amho, Ë`mda EH$ _moR>m_O~yV {H$„m ~m§YyZ Ë`mg amOJS> Ago Zm§d {Xb|: Am{U øm S>m|JamÀ`m {VZ_mÀ`m§Zm _O~yV VQ>~§Xr H$ê$Z Ë`m§g gwdoim, g§Om{dVr d nÙmdVr Aet Zmdo{Xbr; Am{U øm {H$ëë`mOdirb EH$m IoS>çmV \$_m©er Amã`m§Mt PmSo> bmdyZ VoW|Zdr noR> dg{dbr d {Vbm {edmnwar Ag| Zmd {Xb|. oW| _mdio d H$moH$U| bmoH$O_dyZ Vo amOH$maUo H$ê$ bmJbo. h| Ë`m§Zt Mmb{dbobo {H$ëë`m§M| ~m§YH$m_ ~§XH$aÊ`m{df`r A{XbehmZ| Ë`m§Zm hþHy$_ nmR>{dbm, d ehmOramOo H$Zm©Q>H$m§V hmoVoË`mg øm Jmoï>mMm Om~ {dMm[abm. amOm§Zr Agm O~m~ nmR>[dbm H$s¨ _mPm _wbJmgaH$mamÀ`m{déÕ _wit dVm©d`mMm Zmht. Vmo Omo H$m§ht IQ>mQ>mon H$arV Agob VmogaH$maÀ`m {VH$S>rb gÎmobm d Am_À`m {VH$S>rb Ohm{Jarbm _O~wVrAmUÊ`mH$[aVm§M Agbm nm{hOo. Agm O~m~ amOm§Zr A{Xbehmg nmR>{dbm dXmXmOrbm nÌ nmR>dyZ øm Jmoï>r~Ôb R>nH$m {Xbm. XmXmOrZo _hmamOm§Zm AerYm_Yy_ Z H$aÊ`m{df`r `mnydu AZoH$ àH$mar gm§{JVbo hmoV|, na§Vw V| Ë`m§Zr _ZmgAm{Ubo ZìhV|. d{S>bm§À`m øm nÌmMm{h Ë`m§Zr _wir {dMma Ho$bm Zmhr. Amnë`mYÝ`mMm _wbJm Agm AmS>Xm§S>nUm H$ê$Z Am{XbehmÀ`m BVamO{g nmÌ hmoUma dAmnë`m YÝ`mMr Xm¡bV Kmb{dUma h| _Zm§V oD$Z XmXmOr PwaUrg bmJbm Am{UeodQ>t AmOmar nSy>Z _¥Ë y nmdbm. H$moUr åhUVmV H$s¨ øm {dœmgy godH$mZo {dfàmeZ H$ê$Z ñdXohË`mJ Ho$bm _hmamO XmXmOrbm d{S>bm§gmaIm _mZ XoV AgV. hrEH$ Jmoï> IoarO H$ê$Z BVa ~m~VrV Vo Ë`mÀ`m AmkoMo ghgm C„§KZ H$arV ZgV.XmXmOr {~N>mÝ`mg pIibm Voìhm§ Ë`mÀ`mnmer gJim doi ~gyZ amhÿZ Ë`mMr Ë`m§Ztewlyfm Ho$br Am{U Ë`m§Zm Am¡fYmonMmam§Mr dJ¡ao _wit CUrd nSy> {Xbr Zmht. _aVodoir XmXmOrZ| Ë`m§Zm EdT>oM gm§{JVb| H$s¨ Amnbr OhmJra KmbdyZ d{S>bm§dag§H$Q> Z oB©b Aer I~aXmar KoD$Z O| H$m` H$aU| V| H$am.

XmXmOr _aU nmdë`mda nwÊ`mH$S>rb gJù`m Ohm{JarMr ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mMmHw$bAIË`ma ehmOramOm§Zr Amnë`m øm H$V©~Jma _wbmg {Xbm, d {VWo gmao CËnÞ


g§{já {edM[aÌ32

Ë`m§Zt Amnë`m ñdVm§À`m IMm©g bmdmdo Ag| R>a{db|. amOm§À`m Ohm{Jarn¡H$sgwnonaJÊ`mda Ë`m§Mm _ohþUm _mo{hVo `mbm R>o{db§o hmoV|. Ë`mbm {edmOr _hmamOm§ZtAgm {Zamon nmR>{dbm H$s Vw_À`mH$S>À`m dgwbmMm gJim EodO d Vw_À`m Vmã`m§VAgbobr VrZe| KmoS>r KoD$Z nwÊ`mg `mdo. Vmo Ë`mZ| Z _m{Zë`m_wi| Ë`m§Zm amJAmbm, _J Ë`mÀ`mH$So> {e_½`mMo nmoñV _mJÊ`mÀ`m ~hmÊ`mZo OmD$Z Ë`m§Zr Ë`mbmH¡$X Ho$b| d Ë`mÀ`m Vmã`m§Vbr nmJm d àm§V hr hñVJV Ho$br. Vmo Amnë`md{S>bm§Mm _ohþUm hmoVm åhUyZ Ë`mMm H$moUË`mhr àH$mao Cn_X© Z H$[aVm§ Ë`mbm Ë`m§Zr_moR>çm BV_m_mZo H$Zm©Q>H$m§V d{S>bm§H$So> admZm Ho$bo.

nwÊ`mÀ`m nyd}g MmH$U {H$„m Amh|. Vmo ehmOramOm§À`m Ohm{Jarn¡H$s AgyZ{\$a§JmoOr Zagmbm mÀ`m Vmã`m§V hmoVm. XmXmOr H$m|S>Xod dmaë`mda hm Zagmbm Ë`m{H$„çmda ñdV§Ì hmoD$Z ~gbm hmoVm. _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mbm gm_monMmamZ§o de H$ê$ZKoD$Z Amnbm A§{H$V Ho$b|, Am{U Ë`m {H$„çmMr ì`dñWm Ë`mÀ`mH$So>M R>o{dbr.nwT>| {edZoar {H$„m Ë`m§Zt hñVJV Ho$bm Ë`mMr{h ì`dñWm øm Zagmë`mH$So>M {Xbr.ho {H$„o Vmã`m§V Amë`mda ~mam_Vr d B§Xmnya oWrb R>mUoXma AmnU hmoD$Z _hmamOm§MoA§{H$V hmoD$Z Ë`m§Mm hþHy$_ _mZy bmJbo. nwÊ`mOdirb H$m|S>mUm {H$ëbm Ë`mdoir{dOmnyaH$am§À`m Vmã`m§V AgyZ Ë`mda \$m¡O\$mQ>m ~amM hmoVm. hm {H$„m Amnë`mhmVt Amë`mdmMyZ Amnë`m nwÊ`mÀ`m Ohm{Jarg ~iH$Q>r oUma Zmht Ago dmQy>Z VmoH$gm hñVJV H$amdm mMm _hmamOm§Zm {dMma nS>bm. Vmo bTy>Z ga H$aÊ`mM| gm_Ï ©Ë`m§Zm Ë`m doit ZìhV|; d Agm CKS> {damoY Ho$ë`mZo Amnbm Zme hmoÊ`mMr Ë`m§g^r{V hmoVr. åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr Ë`m {H$ëë`mdarb _wgb_mZ A_bXmamg bmM XoD$Z VmoAmnë`m Vmã`mV KoVbm. Vmo {H$„m hmVr Amë`mda Ë`mMr ZrQ> XmJXþOr dJ¡ao H$ê$ZË`mbm Ë`m§Zr qghJS> Ago Zmd {Xbo.

`mZ§Va Ë`m§M| bj nwa§Xa {H$ëë`mH$So> Job|. Vmo ZriH§$R> Zm§dmÀ`m EH$m ~«m÷UmÀ`mhmVr AgyZ Vmo Ë`mda ñdV§Ì hmoD$Z ~gbm hmoVm. Vmo _aU nmdë`mda Ë`mMo {VKo_wbJo {Zimon§V, {nbmOr d g§H«$mOr ho Ë`m {H$ëë`mÀ`m dmQ>UrgmR>r ^m§Sy> bmJbo.Ë`m§Zr ho Amnb| ^m§S>U {_Q>mdÊ`mM| H$m_ _hmamOm§Zm gm§{JVb|. Ë`mM| ^mS>U{_Q>{dÊ`mÀ`m {_emZ| Ë`m§À`m {H$ë`mda OmD$Z _hmamOm§Zr Ë`m {VKm ^mdm§g H¡$XHo$bo Am{U {H$„m hñVJV Ho$bm. _J Ë`m§n¡H$s¨ dS>rb mdmg Ë`m§Zt {H$ëë`mImbrb

33

H$m§ht O{_ZrMo CËnÞ bmdyZ {Xbo d Xþgè`m XmoKm§ ^mdm§g Amnë`m nXar ZmoH$argR>o{dbo. hm {H$„m hmVr Amë`m_wi| Ë`m§À`m B§Xmnya, gwno dJ¡ao naJÊ`m§Zm ~iH$Q>rAmbr. AgmM {dgmnyaMm {H$„m{h Ë`mZt hñVJV Ho$bm. øm {H$„çmda ehmOramOm§À`mhmVmImbMm {eÕr {~bmb h~er `m Zm§dmMm EH$ gaXma hmoVm. Ë`mÀ`mH$So>MË`m {H$„çmMm hdmbm amhÿ Úmdm Agm _hmamOmMm _ZmoX` hmoVm. na§Vw Ë`mgaXmamM| Ag| åhUU| nS>b| H$r ""{edmOr amOo nw§S>mdm H$arV AmhoV. Ë`m§MoAmMaU Ho$di ~oH¡$X Amho. hm Ë`m§Mm ñdZmemMm CÚmoJ Amho. Aem§À`m nXar _ramh§ÿ BÀN>rV Zmht.'' ho Ë`mM| CÎma EoHy$Z _hmamOm§Zm _wit amJ Ambm Zmhr;H$m§H$s¨ Vmo ehmOramOm§Mm OwZm ZmoH$a hmoVm. Ë`mMr `pËH§${MV²h ~oAX~r hmoD$§ ZXoVm CbQ> Ë`mMr Mm§Jbr {~XmJr H$ê$Z Ë`mg Ë`m§Zt ehmOramOmH$So> admZm Ho$b|.`mnwT>o Ë`m§Zr {VH$moZm, bmohJS d amO_mMr ho nwU|naJÊ`mÀ`m dm`ì`oH$S>rb {H$„ohñVJV Ho$bo.

ô`mà_mU| _hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m Ohm[JarÀ`m AmgnmgMo _w»`_w»` {H$„o Ama§^rñdmYrZ H$ê$Z KoD$Z {Vbm Mm§Jbr ~iH$Q>r Am{Ubr Am{U MmH$U {H$ëë`mnmgyZ{Zam ZXrn ©V gJim àm§V Ë`m§À`m gÎmoV Ambm. H$m~rO Ho$boë`m àË oH$ {H$ëë`mMrXmJXþOr dJ¡ao H$ê$Z Ë`mda Ë`m§Zr _mdio b>moH$ aIdmbrg R>o{dbo. gm§nS>Vrb VodT>ohþema d B_mZr bmoH$ Mm§Jbo nmaIyZ Amnë`m nXat R>odÊ`mMm H«$_ Ë`m§Zt MmbyR>o{dbm. øm doit Ë`mÀ`mnmer _mdio bmoH$m§Mm Xhm hOmamn ©V O_md Pmbm, dË`m§Mr nmJm VrZ hOmam§n ªV dmT>br. ogmOr H$§H$, VmZmOr _mbgwao d ~mOrnmgbH$a `mg Ë`m§Zt _mdù`m§À`m bîH$amda gaXma Zo{_bo. øm doit Ë`m§À`mH$So>Ðì`~i Zgë`m_wi| Ë`m§Zm Amnb| g¡Ý`~i dmT>{dVm oB©Zm. Ë`m§À`m nXar amhÿZZmoH$ar H$aÊ`mg nwîH$i bmoH$ V`ma Pmbo hmoVo, nU Ë`m§Zm _wem{ham XoÊ`mMo gm_Ï ©_hmamOm§Zm ZìhVo. mñVd H$moRy>ZVar Ðì` {_i{dë`mdm§MyZ ñdamÁ`g§nmXZmM| AmnboH$m © {gÕrg OmU| AeŠ` Amho Ag| Ë`m§g dmQ>b|; Am{U _moR>_moR>çm gmdH$mam§H$Sy>ZH$Ou Ðì` KoÊ`mMm H«$_ Ë`m§Zt gwê$ Ho$bm. Oo gmdH$a Ë`m§Zm H$O© XoÊ`mg amOr ZgVË`m§À`mda Owby_ H$ê$Z Ë`m§M| Ðì` Vo OßV H$arV AgV. Agm Owby_ H$aU| ~amo~aZìhV| h| Ia|. na§Vw ñdamÁ`{g{Õ d ñdY_©ajU hr _hËH$m ©o gmÜ` H$aÊ`mgmR>rË`m§Zm hm AÝ`m` ZmBbmOmñVd H$amdm bmJbm.


g§{já {edM[aÌ34

EHo$ g_`r Ë`m§Zm Aer ~mV_r bmJbr H$s¨ H$ë`mUMm gwôXma _w„m Ah_X`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z _moR>m I{OZm {dOmnyaXa~mar OmV Amho, Vmo bwQ>Ê`mMo _Zm§V AmUyZ_hmamOm§Zr I{OZm KoD$Z OmUmam§da h„m H$ê$Z Ë`mg CYiyZ bm{db| Am{U gJimEodO hñVJV H$ê$Z amOJS>mda Zobm. øm Ym_Yw_rV _hmamOm§Mo Oo bmoH$ nS>boË`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~m§§Mm {Zdm©h _hmamOm§Zr Mmb{dbm Am{U Á`m§Zr Mm§Jbr H$m_§{JarHo$br Ë`m§g Ë`m§À`m `mo½`Voà_mU§o BZm_o dJ¡ao XoD$Z CÎmoOZ {Xbo. nwT>o øm _w„merCKS> d¡a _mOyZ Ë`mÀ`mda _hmamOm§Zr Am~mOr gmoZXod `m§g \$$m¡O XoD$Z nmR>{db|.Ë`mZo H$ë`mU hñVJV H$ê$Z _w„mg H¡$X Ho$bo. ho {dO`mM| dV©_mZ _hmamOmgH$iVmM Vo OmVrZ| H$ë`mUmg Job|. Ë`m§Zt _w„mg ~§XrVyZ gmoSdyZ Ë`mMm _moR>mAmXagÝ_mZ Ho$bm d _moR>çmBV_m_mZ| Ë`mbm {dOmnwamg admZm Ho$bo. øm bT>mB©À`mJXuV Am~mOr gmoZXodmZ| øm _w„mMr EH$ gyZ nH$Sy>Z R>o{dbr hmoVr. _hmamOH$ë`mUmg Ambo Voìhm§ Ë`mZ| Ë`m§g åhQ>b|: ""øm _mo{h_oV EH$ A{VbmdÊ`g§nÞVéU ór gmnS>br Amho. Vr _hmamOm§À`m godog mo½` Amho Ago dmQ>ë`mdê$Z {VbmR>odyZ {Xb| Amho.'' h| EoHy$Z _hmamOm§Zr {Vbm Amnë`mH$So> KoD$Z md`mg gm§{JVb|.Am~mOrZo {Vbm Mm§Jbr gOdyZ _hmamOm§nwT>o Am{Ub|. {Vbm nmhÿZ Vo åhUmbo:""Am_À`m _mVwlrMo bmdÊ` øm ~mB©gmaI| AgV| Va Am_M|{h ê$n [hÀ`mgmaI|Pmb| AgV|.'' ho EoHy$Z OdiÀ`m bmoH$m§g Ë`m§Mr Aer {ZJ«hr d¥{Îm nmhÿZ _moR>mAM§~m dmQ>bm. _hmamO Am~mOr gmoZXodmg åhUmbo: ""Á`mbm è nm{hOo AmhoË`mZ| naórMm A§{^bmf H$Xm{n Yê$§ Z o. amOmZ| CpÀN>ï> órMm A§JrH$ma H$ê$§ Z o.nañÌrMm$ A{^bmf Ho$ë`mZ| amdUmgmaIo ~bmT>ç nwéf Zme nmdbo AmhoV, VoW|Am_À`m gma»`mMr H$Wm H$m`! amOmg gd© àOm AnË`mg_mZ Amho.'' Aem VéUgÎmmYremMm hm Agm _Zmo{ZJ«h d nmn^rê$Vm nmhÿZ d Ë`mMm Vmo J§^ranUmMm ~moYEoHy$Z gdmªÀ`m _Zmda {dbjU n[aUm_ Pmbm, Am{U ho H$moUr _hmnwéf AmhoVAer gJù`m§Mr ^mdZm Pmbr. _J _hmamOmZr Ë`m VéU órg dómâU| XoD$Z{dOmnwamg {VÀ`m gmgè`mH$So> nmR>dyZ {Xb|. Vmã`m§V Amboë`m øm _wbImÀ`m~§Xmo~ñVmM| H$m_ Ë`m§Zt Am~mOr gmoZXodmg gm§{JVbo.

øm {dO`mZo _hmamOm§g d Ë`m§À`m bmoH$m§g{h _moR>mM hþê$n Ambm, Am{UË`m§Zr AmgnmgMo {H$„o hñVJV H$aÊ`mMm Yw_YS>mH$m Mmb{dbm. {H$„oXma gm_monMmamZo

35

{H$„o gmoSy>Z XoVmV qH$dm Zmht Vo Vo nmhV; Vgo Vo H$amamg Amb| ZmhtV Va{H$„çmda AH$ñ_mV² N>mno KmbyZ Vo ga H$arV. EImÚm {H$ëë`mda Aem arVrZ|àdoe ZM Pmbm Va Ë`m {H$ëë`mdarb WmoS>çm~hþV aIdmbXmam§er oX H$arV Am{UYmaH$è`m§À`m S>moŠ`m§da JdVmÀ`m d bmH$S>m§À`m _moù`m XoD$Z Ë`m§VyZ Vadmar,~§XþH$m dJ¡ao {H$„çmda ZoV. _J VoWë`m \$moS>boë`m bmoH$m§À`m gmhmæ`mZo BVam§erbTy>Z {H$„m ga H$arV. Agm _hmamOm§Zr H«$_ Mmby R>odyZ H$m§Jmar, Vw§J, {VH$moZr,bmohJS>, amO_mMr, Hw$dmar, ^moan, YZdS>, Ho$bZm, _mhþbr dJ¡ao oWo {MÌ Amho.{H$„o KoVbo. Ë`m àm§Vm§V Xoe_wI nw§S>mdm H$arV d nmiJma a`Vog \$maM CnÐd XoV,Ë`m§g _hmamOm§Zt Ooarg AmUyZ qH$dm __Vm XmIdyZ Amnbo A§{H$V Ho$bo, d gJim_mdiàm§V Ë`m§À`m Ìmgm§VyZ gmoS>dyZ gwIr d Am~mX Ho$bm.

H$m|H$UmVbm ~amM _wbyI O§{Oè`mÀ`m {eÔrZo hmVmImbr KmVbm hmoVm; Am{UVmo qhXÿ àOog \$ma N>ir. Ë`mÀ`m ZmoH$arg gmoS>diH$a d H$moS>diH$a Ago XmoKoO_oXma hmoVo, Ë`m§Mr AZwHy$bVm {_imë`mdê$Z _hmamOm§Zt H$m|H$Um§V ñdmar H$ê$ZVim d Kmogmim ho {H$„o ñdmYrZ H$ê$Z KoVbo; Am{U øm {H$„çmÀ`m AmgnmgMm~amM àm§V Ë`m§À`m Vmã`mV Ambm. hm àm§V H$m`_Mm hmVt amhmdm åhUyZ Ë`m§Zt~radmS>r d am`ar øm S>m|Jam§da _O~yV {H$„o ~m§{Ybo. Ë`mn¡H$m EH$ am`JS >ømZmdmZo nwT>o à[gÕrg Ambm.

Ë`m doit amOmnyaeha {eÔrÀ`m A_bmVrb hmoV|. øm eham§V _moR>m ì`mnmaMmbV AgyZ oW| Mm§Jbo Y{ZH$ bmoH$ AmhoV Ag| H$ië`mdê$Z _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mdah„m H$ê$Z d Ë`mMr ZmHo$~§Xr H$ê$Z V| bwQ>Ê`mMm ~oV Ho$bm. VoWë`m H$_mdrgXmamZ|Ë`m§À`mer gm_Zm H$aÊ`mMm KmQ> KmVbm; nU Ë`mg Ë`m§Zr Mm§Jbo emgZ Ho$ë`m_wi|Vmo eaU Ambm. _J VoWë`m ì`mnmè`m§H$Sy>Z d lr_§V bmoH$m§H$Sy>Z H$mT>db| {VVH|$Ðì` Ë`m§Zt H$m{T>bo.

H$m|H$Um§Vë`m øm n{hë`m _mo{h_o§V _hmamOm§g XmoZ _moR>o bm^ Pmbo. EH$Agm: Ë`m§Zm JmodbH$a gmd§Vm§Zr EH$ _moR>r Zm_r Vadma ZOa Ho$br. Vr~Ôb Ë`m§ZrË`m§g VrZeo hmoZ d nmofmI {Xbm d Amnë`m nXat ZmoH$arg R>o{dbo. øm VadmarM§oZmd Ë`m§Zt ^dmZr Ago R>o{dbo. hr Vadma KoVë`mdmMyZ Vo nwT>| H$moUË`m{h _mo{h_o§g{ZKV ZgV. Vr hmVr Agbr åhUOo AmnUm§g `e hQ>Hy$Z `md`mM| Aer Ë`m§Mr^mdZm Ago. åhUyZ Vo {VMr {ZË` nyOm H$arV.


g§{já {edM[aÌ36

Xþgam bm^ Agm : Ë`m§Zm øm _mo{h_|V ~mimOr AmdOr {MQ>Urg hm AË §VB_mZr d hþema H$maHy$Z {_imbm. øm ~mimOrMm ~mn Am~mOr h[a {MÌo hm {e{ÔMm{XdmU hmoVm. Ë`mOda {eÔrMr BVamOr hmoD$Z Ë`mZo Ë`mbm d Ë`m§À`m ^mdmbm R>ma_m[ab| d Ë`mÀ`m ~m`H$mo_wbm§g _¸o$g ZoD$Z Jwbm_ åhUyZ {dH$Ê`mgmR>r admZmHo$b|. ~mimOrMr AmB© _moR>r hþema ~mB© hmoVt. {VZo Ibmem§Mo _Z didyZ AmnUm§gamOmnwamg ZoD$Z {dH$md`mg gm§{JVb|. VoW| {VMm ^mD$ {dgmOr e§H$a hm _moR>mì`mnmar hmoVm. Ë`mZ| Ë`m§g IbmemH$Sy>Z {dH$V KoVb|. Ë`m ~mB©Mo VrZ _wbJo hmoVo.EH$ ~mimOr, hm dS>rb _wbJm; Xþgam {M_UmOr d {Vgam em_Or. m§M| Ë`m _m_mZoMm§Jbo g§JmonZ H$ê$Z Ë`m§g {ejU {Xb|. ~mimOr _moR>m Pmë`mda EH$m H$g~oXmamÀ`mhmVmImbt H$maHy$Z hmoVm. {edmOr_hmamOm§Mr ñdmar H$m|H$Um§V Ambr Voìhm Ë`mZ|Ë`m§g Amnë`m X¡Ý`mdñWoÀ`m hH$sH$VrMo EH$ nÌ nmR>{dbo. Ë`mÀ`m Ë`m nÌmMoAja nmhÿZ _hmamO \$ma Iwf Pmbo Am{U Ë`mbm Amnbo nXar H$maHw$ZmMr ZmoH$arnVH$ê$Z amhmdo Agm O~m~ nmR>{dbm. Ë`mg ~mimOrZo Ag| àË wÎma nmR>{db| H$s¨_m_mMo H$O© Amho V| {\$Q>ë`mdmMyZ _bm Amnë`mH$So> oddV Zmhr. nwT>| _hmamOamOmnwamg Jobo Voìhm§ Ë`m§Zt ~mimOrMm emoY H$adyZ Ë`mbm Amnë`mH$So> AmU{dbo.h| ~mimOrÀ`m AmB©g H$iVmM Vr Km~ê$Z Jobr, Am{U _hmamOm§nmet oD$Z {VZoË`m§À`m MaUr bmoQ>m§JU KmbyZ Amnbr gJir hH$sJV Ë`m§g {ZdoXZ Ho$br. VrEoHy$Z _hmamOm§g \$ma Jqhda Ambm; Am{U {VÀ`m Xþgè`m XmoKm§ _wbm§g{h ~mobmdyZAmUyZ {Vbm _hmamOm§Zr AmœmgZ {Xb| H$s¨, ""Ogo ho VwPo {VKo _wbJo VgmM _rVwPm MdWm _wbJm Ag| g_O. øm {VKm _wbm§g _O~amo~a nmR>rd _r Ë`m§M| H$ë`mUH$arZ.'' Ag| ~mobyZ Ë`m§Zt ~mimOrg Amnbm {MQ>Urg Zo{_b|, {M_UmOrg O_mIMu{b{hU| Mm§Jbo oV Ago åhUyZ Ë`mbm Amnbm XâVaXma Ho$b|. Am{U em_Orgam`JS>Mm H$maImZrg Ho$b|.

***

37

^mJ AmR>dm

{nV¥g§H$Q>{ZdmaU (gZ 1649- 53)

{edmOr_hmamOm§Zr {dOmnyaXa~mam§V OmUmam I{OZm bwQ>bm, H$ë`mUmgA{XbehmMm gw^oXma hmoVm Ë`mM| g_yi CËnmQ>Z H$ê$Z H$ë`mUmMm gJimàm§V H$m~rO Ho$bm, OdinmgMo ~hþVoH$ {H$„o hñVJV Ho$bo d ZdrZ {H$„o~m§{Ybo, O§{Oè`mÀ`m {eÔrMo H$m§ht {H$„o d àm§V ga Ho$bo, amOmnyaeha bwQ>boBË`mXr Jmoï>r {dOmnyaXa~mamg H$iyZ VoW| _moR>r Ii~i CSy>Z Jobr. _hmamOm§À`møm Ym_Yw_r_wi| A{Xbehmbm Agm g§e` Ambm H$s¨ ehmOramOm§Zr Amnë`møm _wbmg Am§VyZ gm§{JVë`mdê$Z `mZ h| Ag| CKS> ~§S> Ama§{^b| Amho. Ë`m§VAmUIr ehmOramOm§À`m hmVt H$Zm©Q>H$ àm§VmMr ì`dñWm Amë`mda {VH$S>À`mbmoH$m§Mm {dœmg g§nmXÿZ Vo {VH$So> ñdV§Ì amÁ` ñWmnÊ`mÀ`m ~oVm§V AmhoVAgm{h Ë`mbm n¸$m dhr_ Ambm hmoVm.

Agm g§e` A{Xbehmg Ambm Iam, nU Ë`m {nVmnwÌm§Mo CKS>nUo nm[anË`H$aÊ`mg àd¥Îm hmoU| YmoŠ`mMo hmoV|. åhUyZ Ë`mZ| Ë`m§Mm H$mQ>m H$mT>Ê`mMr H$m§htVarw{º$ `moOmdr Ag| R>a{db|. Ë`mZ| ehmOramOm§g Agm hþHy$_ nmR>{dbm H$s¨, Vwåhr

{edmOrMm nw§S>mdm ~§X H$amdm. Ë`mMm ~§Xmo~ñV Vwåhr H$aUma ZmhrV Va Vw_À`mdaBVamOr hmoD$Z Vw_Mr OhmJra OßV H$aÊ`m§V oB©b d Ë`mbm Am{U Vwåhm§bm emgZH$aÊ`m§V oB©b.'' ehmOramOm§Zr ømMm O~m~ nmR>{dbm Vmo Agm: ""{edmOr _mÂ`mhþH$_m§V Zmht. _mPm Ë`mÀ`mnwT>o H$m§ht BbmO MmbUma Zmhr. _r nmVehmMm EH${Zð>godH$ Amh|. `m§V _mPr VH$era {~bH$yb Zmhr. hOaVtZr {edmOrda ñdmar H$ê$ZË`mbm dmQ>ob Vr {ejm H$amdr. Ë`mg _r AmS> Ambm| Va _mPm _wbm{hOm R>ody Z o.''ømà_mU| amOm§H$Sy>Z Amboë`m CÎmamZo A{XbehmMr ImÌr Pmbr Zmht. H$Zm©Q>H$m§V_wñV\$mImZ _mo{h_oda Jobm hmoVm, Ë`mg Ë`mZ| Agm Jwá hþHy$_ nmR>{dbm H$s¨

¾ÖÖµÖ 652-7

g§{já {edM[aÌ38

ehmOramOm§g wŠVrZo nH$Sy>Z {dOmnwamg nmR>dmdo. Ë`mZ| Vr H$m_{Jar _wYmoiÀ`mKmoanS>çmg gm§{JVë`mdê$Z Ë`mZ| amOmg H$g| X½`mZ| nH$Sy>Z {dOmnwamg admZm Ho$boV| _mJ| gm§{JVb|M Amho.

A{XbehmZ| Ë`m§g Ag| {ZjyZ gm§{JVbo H$s¨ Vwåhr Amnë`m _wbmMo ~§S> _moSy>ZQ>mH$m, ZmhtVa Xohm§VemgZmg V`ma ìhm. amOm§Zt Ë`m§g EH$M O~m~ {Xbm, VmoAgm: ""{edmOrMm d _mPm H$m§ht EH$ g§~§Y Zmhr. gaH$mamZ|M Ë`mbm hdo Vg|emgZ H$amdo.'' øm CÎmamZo A{XbehmMo g_mYmZ Z hmoD$Z Ë`mZ| Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z_hmamOm§Zm nwT>rb Ame`mMo nÌ Amnë`m g_j {bh{db|: ""Vwåhr EH$X_ {dOmnwamg{ZKyZ `md| d {dOmnyagaH$mamMo Oo H$mht {H$„o d àmV ~iH$m{dbo AgVrb VoË`m§À`m ñdmYrZ H$amdo. Vw_À`m_wio Am_À`mda Ë`m§Mr A{Ve{`V BVamOr PmbrAmho.''

ho Ago d{S>bm§Mo nÌ Ambo Voìhm _hmamOm§Zm _moR>m {dMma nS>bm. Ë`m§Mr Amkm{eagm d§Ú H$ê$Z AmOn ªV {_i{dbobo {H$„o d àm§V gmoSy>Z Úmdo d dZm§Mo A§{H$VhmoD$Z ahmdo Va AmnU Ama§{^bobo H$m © A{gÕ ahmVoo; Am{U Á`m pñWVrMmAmnUmg odT>m {VQ>H$mam dmQ>V Amho Vr nwZa{n ñdrH$mê$Z amhUo mJ nS>Uma Amho,hm {dMma Ë`m§À`m _ZmV oD$Z Vo AJXr qMVmH«$m§V Pmbo. na§Vw Ë`m§Mr ñÌr gB©~mB©,_mVwlr d nXaMo H$maHy$Z m§Mo Ago _V nS>bo H$s amÁ` gmYyZ ñdY_mªMo d Jmo~«m÷Um§MoajU H$amd`mMo Va Agm _moh H$m` H$m_mMm? hm {dMma Ë`m§Zm ng§V dmQy>Z Ë`m§Zrd{S>bm§g Agm O~m~ nmR>{dbm… ""Amåhr {VH$S>o Amë`mZo H$mhr EH$ Cn`moJ hmoUmaZmhr. KoVbobo {H$„oo d àm§V Amåhr gmoSy>Z XoÊ`mg H$Xm{n V`ma hmoUma Zmhr dAma§{^bobm CÚmoJ ghgm gmoS>Uma Zmhr. Var Amnë`m X¡dr Agob Vgo AmnUm§ghmoB©b, d Am_À`m X¡dr Agob Vg| Amåhr H$ê$§.''

h| _hmamOm§Mo nÌ amOm§Zt Am{Xbehmg XmI{dbo. na§Vw VodT>çmZ| Ë`mM| g_mYmZPmb| Zmhr. m§V gJir ehmOramOm§Mr b~mS>r Amho, Var Ë`m§Zm {ejm Ho$br åhUOo{edmOr _hmamO Vmù`mda oVrb Ag| Ë`mbm dmQ>b|. _J Ë`mZ| q^Vrg XJS>m§MmEH$ H$moZmS>m H$adyZ Ë`m§V ~gÊ`mnwaVr WmoS>rer OmJm R>o{dbr. VrV amOmg {MUyZEH$ {Mam _mÌ bmdm`mMm R>o{dbm Am{U Ë`m§Zm Ag| gm§{JVbo H$s¨ Vw_Mm _wbJmAmåhm§g eaU Ambm Zmhr Va Cabobm {Mam H$m`_Mm ~gdyZ Q>mHy$. hm Agm

39

A{V^ §H$a àmUm§Vàg§J d{S>bm§da Amë`mMo _hmamOm§g H$ibo Voìhm Ë`m§Zm namH$mð>oM|Xþ…I Pmb|. Amnë`m nm`r d{S>bm§Mm àmUZme IMrV hmoVmo Ag| _ZmV oD$Z Ë`m§MoöX` emoH${dìhb Pmb|. Aem _hmnamH«$_r Zanw§JdmMm Agm na_ CÛoJH$maH$ arVrZ|A§V ìhmdm, d Vmo AmnU Ama§{^boë`m H$m`m©_wio ìhmdm h| Ë`m§À`mgma»`m {nV¥ º$mÀ`möX`mg AË §V Xþ…I XoUmao hmoV|.

Iè`m dr ©embr d ÑT>{Zü`r nwéfmMr narjm AemM {~H$Q> àg§Jr hmoVAgVo. _hmamOm§À`m A§JMo AZoH$ JwU øm AË §V CÛoJOZH$ g_`t Mm§Jbo H$gmbmbmJbo. EH$ Va Ë`m§À`m R>m`t {nV¥^{º$ {H$Vr {Z:gr_ hmoVr ho {XgyZ Amb|. VoHo$di ñdmW©gmYw d amÁ`bmo^r AgVo Va Ë`m§Zt ñd{nË`mÀ`m {OdmMr ndm© Ho$brZgVr. amÁ`V¥îUog de hmoD$Z {nV¥hË`m H$aÊ`mg{h {H$Ë oH$ ZamY_ àd¥Îm hmoVmV,Va ñdH$ï>mZo g§nm{Xbobo amÁ` ñd{nË`mÀ`m àmUajUmgmR>r gmoS>Ê`mg {H$Vrgo nwÌV`ma hmoVrb? na§Vw _hmamO Aem H$moQ>rVbo _mZd ZìhVo. _hmamOm§À`m R>m`tMmXþgam CÁdb JwU {ZXe©Zmg Ambm, Vmo AWm©V Agm H$s¨ Ama§{^bobo gËH$m © H$g|{hg§H$Q> àmßV Pmbo Var H$Xm{n A{gÕ gmoS>md`mMo Zmht Agm Ë`m§Mm AT>i {Zü`Pmbm hmoVm. `dZm§À`m gÎmoVyZ ñdXoe gmoS>dyZ ñdV§Ì H$aÊ`mMm Omo {ZYm©a EH$ doiË`m§Zt Ho$bm Vmo àH¥$V àg§Jr {nV¥_mohmñVd MiÊ`mMm g_` àmá Pmbm hmoVm.H¥$Vg§H$ën gmoS>bm Zmht Va {nV¥hË og AmnU H$maU hmoVm|, Am{U {nV¥ajUmgmR>r`dZm§g eaU Omd| Va Ho$bobm Wmoa g§H$ën A{gÕ amhÿZ OJm§V hgo hmoVo; ømà_mUoBH$So> AmS> {VH$So> {dhra Aer _hmamOm§À`m _ZmMr AdñWm Ë`m doit hmoD$Z Jobr.na§Vw øm AmUr~mUrÀ`m g_`r Ë`m§Zt {nV¥g§H$Q>{ZdmaÊ`mMr EH$ CÎm_ w{ŠV `moOyZhm A{V{~H$Q> àg§J Q>mibm. Vr wpŠV Aer :

hm doinmdoVmo Ë`m§Zr _moJbm§À`m Vmã`mVë`m _wbImg _wir CnÐd Ho$bm ZìhVm;Am{U {dOmnwaH$am§Mr gÎmm H$_Hw$dV H$aÊ`mMm Amnbm CnH«$_ ehmOhmZ ~mXemhmgng§V dmQ>Ê`mgmaIm hmoVm ho Ë`mg R>mD$H$ hmoV|. H$maU {ZOm_emhrà_mU|A{XbemhrgwÕm§ ~wS>{dÊ`mMm Ë`mMm BamXm Agë`m_wi| {edmOr _hmamO AmnboH$m © gmono H$arV AmhoV Aer Ë`mMr ^mdZm hmoU| gmh{OH$ hmoV|. ehmOhmZmZo{dOmnyaH$am§er ZwH$VoM : wÕ H$ê$Z Ë`m§g ~aoM h¡amU Ho$b| hmoVo d Ë`m§À`merAmnUm§g AZwHy$i Agm Vh Ho$bm hmoVm. `mñVd AmnU øm g_`r ehmOhmZmg


g§{já {edM[aÌ40

eaU OmD$Z Amnë`m d{S>bmg g§H$Q>_wŠV H$aÊ`m{df`r A{Xbehmg hþHy$_nmR>{dÊ`mg§ gm§{JVbo Va Vmo Amnbo EoHo$b; Am{U Ë`mMm hþHy$_ A{XbehmgA_mÝ` H$aÊ`mMo Y¡ © hmoUma Zmhr Ago Ë`m§Zm dmQy>Z Ë`m§Zt Ë`m ~mXehmMm _wbJm_wamX~j Ë`m doit X{jUoÀ`m gwä`mda hmoVm, Ë`mÀ`mÛmao Ë`mbm nwT>rb Ame`mMmAO© Ho$bm: ""Am_Mo dS>rb ehmOramOo `m§Oda {dOmnyagaH$maMr BVamOr hmoD$ZË`m§g q^Vr§V {MUyZ _maÊ`mMm R>amd A{XbehmZ| Ho$bm Amho; Var Ë`m§g ømàmUg§H$Q>m§VyZ gmoS>{dÊ`mMr _oha~mZr H$amdr d Ë`m§g Amnë`m nXar Ý`mdo. Ë`mà_mU|MAmåhr{h Amnë`m ZmoH$arg amhmd`mg V`ma Amhmo. Aem eya d B_mZr gaXmamgOrdXmZ Úmb Va X{jUoV _moJbr A§_b d¥qÕJV d ÑT> H$aÊ`mg Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z dAmåhm§H$Sy>Z Mm§Jbo gmhmæ` hmoB©b.''

hm Agm AO© KoD$Z _hmamOm§Mm dH$sb _wamX~jmH$So> Jobm Voìhm§ AWm©V²Ë`mÀ`m Vm|S>mg nmUr gwQ>bo Agmd|. ehmOramOm§Zr {ZOm_emhrg hñVmb§~ XoD$Z{dbjU em¡ © d namH«$_ àH$Q> Ho$bm hmoVm, Ë`mMm Ë`mg {dga nS>bm ZìhVm.Ë`mà_mU|M {edmOramOm§Zr ñdamÁ`ñWmnZoÀ`m H$m_r àX{e©V Ho$bobr AMmQ> H$V©~Jmard w{º$_Îmm Ë`mÀ`m H$mZr doimodoim JobrM hmoVr. Ë`mZ| ehmOhmZmH$So> Ë`m§À`mg§~§YmZ| aX~Xbr H$ê$Z Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z A{Xbehmbm gZ 1648 À`m _mM© _{hÝ`m§VAgm I{bVm nmR>{dbm H$s¨ ehmOramOo ^mogbo `m§g H$moUË`mhr àH$maMo emgZ ZH$[aVm§ gmoSy>Z Úmd|. hm I{bVm nmhVmM A{Xbehmbm ehmOramOm§g gmoSUo> àmáPmb|. Var Ë`mZ| Ë`m§g Om{_Zmda Iwbo H$ê$Z {dOmnwamgM ZOaH¡$XoV R>o{dbo.ømà_mU| gw_ma| Mma df} Vo {dOmnwamg AS>Hy$Z nS>bo hmoVo. Ë`m§g H$Zm©Q>H$m§V naVnmR>{dÊ`m{df`t Xa~maÀ`m _moR>_moR>çm gaXmam§Zt aX~Xbr Ho$br. na§Vw A{XbehmZ|Vr _Zmg Am{Ubr Zmht. Mma dfmªZr Ë`m§Zm H$Zm©Q>H$m§V naV nmR>{dÊ`mMo H$maUAg| Pmb| H$s¨ {VH$So> _moR>_moR>o nw§S> CRy>Z MmohmoH$So> Yw_mir gwê$ Pmbr. Voìhm§ Ë`mnw§S>m§Mm ~§Xmo~ñV ehmOramOm§gma»`m eya gaXmamÀ`mM hmVyZ Mm§Jbm hmoÊ`mMm g§^dAmho Ag| A{XbehmÀ`m bjmV oD$Z Ë`mZ| Ë`m§Mr {VH$So> admZJr Ho$br. OmVm§ZmË`m§Zm Ë`mZ| Ag| {ZjyZ ~Om{dbo H$s¨ KmoanS>çmg d Ë`mÀ`m Ohm{Jarg _wir CnÐdH$ê$§ Z o. na§Vw ehmOramOm§Zr H$Zm©Q>H$m§V Joë`mda _hmamOm§g Ag| gm§JyZ nmR>{db|H$s¨ Vwåhr Am_Mo nwÌ Agmb Va ~mOrKmoanS>çmg Mm§Jbr {ejm H$amb.

41

dmñV{dH$ nmhVm øm {nÌmkoMr Ë`m§Zm Amdí`H$Vm ZìhVr. $Ë`m KmoanS>çmMmgyS> CJ{dÊ`mMm Ë`m§Zr nwam {Zü` Ho$bm hmoVm, d Vo AZwHy$i g§YrMr dmQ> nmhVhmoVo. amOo {dOmnwamg ZOaH¡$XoV hmoVo Vmon ªV Va Ë`m§Zm Agm H$m§hrM àH$ma H$[aVmAmbm Zmhr. Vo gwQy>Z H$Zm©Q>H$mV Joë`mda H$mhr dfmªZr KmoanS>çmbm {ejm H$aÊ`mMrg§{Y Ë`m§Zm àmßV Pmbr. gZ 1661 V _hmamOm§M| dmS>rMo Io_gmd§V d bI_gmd§VXogmB© `m§er wÕ Ow§nbo AgVm§ {dOmnyaH$am§Zt Ë`m§À`m _XVrgmR>r ~mOr KmoanS>çmgnmR>{db|. Ë`mà_mU| Vmo g¡Ý` KoD$Z H$m|H$Um§V Omd`mg {ZKmbm. nU {VH$So> OmÊ`mnydun{hë`mZ| Vmo Amnbm Ohm{JarMm Jm§d _wYmoi oW| Jobm. _hmamO Ë`m doit{demiJS>mda hmoVo. KmoanSo> _wYmoimg Amë`mM| dV©_mZ H$iVmM Ë`m§Zt AH$ñ_mV²Ë`mÀ`mda N>mnm KmVbm. KmoanS>çmMr d Ë`m§Mr _moR>r {ZH$amMr bT>mB© Pmbr. VtVKmoanSo> nS>bm. _J _hmamOm§Zr gJio _wYmoi eha bwQy>Z OmiyZ CÕ²dñV Ho$b| dKmoanS>çmMo gJio ZmVbJ d bmoH$ EH$ghm R>ma _m[abo. Ag| gm§JVmV H$s¨ øm doirVrZ hOma bmoH$m§Mm g§hma _hmamOm§Zr Ho$bm! EdT>o ^ §H$a H¥$Ë` Ë`m§À`m hmVyZømnydu qH$dm ømZ§Va H$Yt{h KS>bo Zmht. `dZm§Mm nj Yê$Z Ho$di AmnbmV{iam_ Jma H$aÊ`mgmR>r øm KmoanS>çmZo ehmOramOm§Mm Ord YmoŠ`m§V KmVbmøm~Ôb _hmamOm§À`m _Zm§V Ho$dT>m àIa X§e hmoVm h| ømdê$Z {XgyZ oVo, d{nV¥^{º$ Ë`m§À`m R>m`t {H$Vr C‚db hmoVt ho{h Mm§Jbo ì`º$ hmoV|.

Amnë`m H$m ©{gÕrgmR>r ehmOhmZmMo A§{H$V hmoD$Z Ë`mÀ`m nXar amhÊ`mgAmnbr V`mar Amho Ago O| _hmamOm§Zr {bhÿZ H$i{dbo hmoV| Vo _wamX~jmbm Ia| dmQy>ZË`mZ| Ë`m§g dMZmà_mU| dmJÊ`mMm VJmXm bm{dbm. nU Bï>H$m`m©[g{Õ Pmë`mdaË`m§Zr Ë`mMr nwar {Zamem Ho$br. ehmOramOo {dOmnwamg ZOaH¡$XoV hmoVo Vmon ©V _hmamOm§Zt{dOmnyaH$am§À`m _wbImV Ym_Yy_ H$aÊ`mM| ~§X Ho$b|, d _moJbm§À`m{h _wbImg Ë`m§ZmEdT>çm AdYrV CnÐd H$[aVm§ Ambm Zmht. {dOmnyaH$am§Zm{h {edmOr _hmamOm§daMT>mB© H$ê$Z Ë`m§À`m nm[anË`mMm à`ËZ _moJbm§À`m ^rVrñVd H$[aVm§ Ambm Zmhr, qH$dmË`m§Zr KoVbobo {H$„o d àm§V gmoSy>Z XoÊ`m{df`rMr AQ> Ë`m§Zm KmbVm§ Ambr Zmht.

ømà_mU| _hmamOm§Zm OdiOdi Mma df} nwar ñdñWVm {_imbr. {VMm Cn`moJË`m§Zt Amnë`m {H$ëë`m§§Mr XmJXþOr dJ¡ao H$ê$Z ZrQ> ~§Xmo~ñV H$aÊ`mH$S>o d hmVrAmboë`m àm§Vm§Mr O_m~§XrÀ`m dJ¡ao ~m~VrV Mm§Jbr ì`dñWm bmdÊ`mH$So> Ho$bm.

***


g§{já {edM[aÌ42

^mJ Zddm

_moJbm§er g§~§Y (gZ 1650-57)

_hmamOm§Zm _moJb ~mXehmH$Sy>Z H$ama Ho$ë`mà_mU§ o Amnbr ZmoH$arnVH$aÊ`m{df`rMm VJmXm nwZ…nwZ… oD$ bmJbm Voìhm§ Ë`m§Zt _wamXmH$So> AmnbmdH$sb aKwZmWn§V `mg nmR>dyZ Aer _mJUr Ho$br H$s¨, ""OwÞa d Ah_XZJa ømàm§Vm§V Am_Mo d{S>bmonm{O©V gaXoe_wIrMo h¸$ AbrH$So> dgyb Pmbo ZmhtV Vo _§Oyaìhmdo. øm Am_À`m _mJUrMm AZwHy$i {dMma hmoB©n ©V Amåhm§g H$amamà_mUo dmJVmoV Zmht.'' øm Vw_À`m _mJUrMm {dMma Amåhr ~mXehmÀ`m hþOwamg Joë`mda H$ê$§

Agm O~m~ _wamX~jmZo Ë`m§Zm {Xbm. ømà_mUo ehmOhmZmMr ZmoH$ar YaÊ`m{df`rMmAmJ«h Ë`m§Zt H$m§htZm H$m§ht {Z{_Îm nwT>| H$ê$Z MmbT>H$brda Q>mH$bm.

nwT>o 1657 gmbm§V ehOhmZmZ| Am¡a§JOo~bm {dOmnyaMo amÁ` H$m~rO H$aÊ`mH$[aVm_moR>çm g¡Ý`m{Zet X{jUoV admZm Ho$b|. Ë`mZ| _hmamOm§À`m Vmã`m§Vrb H$ë`mU dJ¡aoàm§V ga H$aÊ`mMm gnmQ>m Mmb{dbm, Voìhm§ _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mbm nwT>rbà_mUo {ZamonnmR>{dbm: ""Amåhr {X„rnVrMo ZmoH$a Amhm|. øm _mo{h_oV Vwåhm§bm Amåhr bmJob V|gmhmæ` H$ê$§. Amåhr {dOmnyaH$amMo Oo àm§V d {H$„o KoVbo AmhoV Vo Am_À`mH$So>amhÿ Úmdo. Vwåhm§bm Amåhr A{XbehmMm g_wÐ{H$Zmè`mMm _wbyI H$m~rO H$ê$ZXoVmo.'' h| Ë`m§M| åhUU| Am¡a§JOo~mbm _mÝ` hmoD$Z Ë`mZo Ë`m§Zm Vmo àm§V ga H$amd`mggm§{JVbo Am{U Agm CbQ> {Zamon nmR>{dbm H$s, ""øm _mo{h_oV Vw_Mm d Am_Mm{hVg§~§Y$ gmaImM Amho. Vwåhr Amåhm§bm gm_rb hmoD$Z _XV H$amb Va Ë`m§VVw_Mo nwîH$i H$ë`mÊm hmoUma Amho.'' h| Ag| Am_rf XmIdyZ Ë`mZ| Ë`m§g de H$ê$ZKoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm. nU Vo Ë`mÀ`m øm JwbH$mdUrg _wir \$gbo ZmhtV. AmnU{X„rnVrMo Vm~oXma Amhmo Ago danm§Jt ~mobyZ Ë`m§Zt Ë`mÀ`m g¡Ý`mMr dmdQ>iAmnë`m _wbImg H$m§hrEH$ CnÐd hmoD$§ Z XoVm Xÿa Kmb{dbr.

43

_moJb g¡Ý`mZo {dOmnyaH$am§À`m _wbImV Yw_mHw$i _m§S>bm Voìhm§ {dOmnyaH$am§Zr_hmamOm§Zm _moR>r bmbyM XmIdyZ _moJbm§À`m Z¡F$Ë oH$S>rb àm§Vmda ñdmar H$amd`mggm§{JVb|, Vo AWm©V² Aem hoVyZo H$s¨ _moJb B©emÝ oH$Sy>Z Ë`m§À`m àm§Vmda MmbyZAmbo hmoVo Vo Amnë`m àm§VmÀ`m ajUmgmR>r {VH$So> OmVrb. øm Ë`m§À`m gm§JÊ`mà_mUo_hmamOm§Zr {_ZmOr ^m|gë`mg {VH$So> nmR>{db|. Vmo _moJbm§À`m àm§VmV bwQ>mbwQ>H$aÊ`mMm YS>mH$m MmbdrV Ah_XZJamÀ`m doern ©V OmD$Z WS>H$bm. BH$So>_hamOm§Zr OmVrZo OwÞa ímhamda Mmb H$ê$Z V| `WoÀN> bwQ>bo. h| eha Ë`m doitMm§Jbo g§nÞ hmoVo. Ë`m§V Ë`m§Zm VrZ bmI hmoZ, XmoZeo KmoS>r d BVa nwîH$i ~hþ_mobMrOdñVy gmnS>br. Vr Ë`m§Zr bmJbrM amOJS>mda nmR>dyZ {Xbr Am{U Ë`m ehamÀ`mAmgnmgÀ`m àm§Vm§V Yw_mHw$i CS>dyZ {Xbm. Am¡a§JOo~mZ| {_ZmOr ^mogë`m§da d_hmamOmda \$m¡Om nmR>{dë`m, nU Ë`m§Zt Ë`m§g _wit XmX {Xbr Zmht. hr AereÌy§Zr bJQ> Ho$br AgyZ{h _hmamOm§Zr AH$ñ_mV² Ah_XZJamda Mmb H$ê$Z VobwQ>bo. nU Ë`m§À`mda {H$„çmVrb d ~mhoarb _moJb g¡Ý`mMm h„m Pmë`m_wioË`m§Zm V| eha WoÀN> bwQ>md`mg {_imbo Zmht. eÌy§er Q>¸$a XoD$Z Ë`m§À`m VmdS>rVyZVo {ZgQy>Z Jobo. Var øm PQ>mnQ>tV Ë`m§Zm ~a|M Ðì`, gmVeo KmoSo> d Mma hÎmr{_imbo.

ømà_mU| _moJb g¡Ý` nmR>rda AgVm§ OwÞa d Ah_XZJa hr ehao _hmamOm§ZrbwQ>ë`mMo Am¡a§Oo~mg H$ibo Voìhm§ Ë`mZo Ë`m§À`mda Xþgao H$mhr gaXma _moR>çm\$m¡Oo{Zer nmR>{dbo Am{U Ë`m§Mo gJio {H$„o d R>mUr ga H$ê$Z hmVr bmJVrbVodT>çm _amR>çm§Mr EH$ghm H$Îmb CS>{dÊ`mMm Ë`m§g hþHy$_ {Xbm. Z¡F$Ë oH$S>rbAmnbm _wbyI gwa{jV amhmdm åhUyZ Ë`mZ| MmanmM {R>H$mUr Mm§Jbr ZmHo$~§XrHo$br. Ë`mZ| `m doir Agm {Zü` Ho$bm hmoVm H$s¨ {dOmnyaH$amg Ooa Ho$ë`mda{edmOr_hmamOm§Mm nwam g_mMma ¿`md`mMm.

BH$So> {dOmnyaH$am§Zm _moJbm§Zr AJXt Ooarg AmUyZ Ë`m§À`mer hdm Vgm VhHo$bm. h| dV©_mZ _hmamOm§g H$ibo Voìhm§ AmVm§ Amnë`mda Am¡a§JOo~mMm _moMm©Img {\$aUma§ d Amnbm Ë`mÀ`m àM§S> g¡Ý`mnwT>o _wit {Z^md bmJUma Zmht. ho_Zm§V oD$Z Ë`m§Zt Ë`mÀ`mer Z_«VoZo dmJyZ Amnë`mdaMo g§H$Q> Q>miÊ`mMr w{º$`mo{Obr. Ë`m§Zr Ë`mbm Z_«VoMm AO© Ho$bm Vmo Agm… ""_r Amnë`m XmoZ eham§g

_moJbm§er g§~§Y (gZ 1650-57)

g§{já {edM[aÌ44

CnÐd {Xbm Ë`m~Ôb _bm j_m H$amdr. Aer AmJirH$ _r nwZ… H$aUma Zmhr;BV…na _r Amnë`m god|V hOa amhrZ d Amnbm nj ghgm gmoS>Uma Zmht.'' ho nÌË`mÀ`mH$So> Jobo Ë`m doit Am¡a§JOo~ {X„rg OmÊ`mÀ`m JS>~S>tV hmoVm. ehmOhmZAmOmar nS>ë`mM| dV©_mZ Ë`mbm H$ië`mdê$Z Vmo {VH$So> \$m¡O KoD$Z {ZKmbm.Voìhm§ Ë`m§Zr Ë`mg nwZ… nÌ {bhÿZ nwT>rbà_mUo H$i{db|… ""Ho$boë`m AnamYm§~ÔbAmåhmg nñVmdm Pmbm Amho. àH¥$V àg§Jt Amåhr Vwåhm§g bmJob Vr _XV H$ê$§.Vw_À`m BH$S>rb _wbImÀ`m ajUmMo H$m_ Amåhm§bm gm§Jmb Va V| Amåhr _moR>çmIwfrZ| H$ê$§. _mÌ Vw_À`m hmVt Joë`më`m H$m§ht àm§Vm§_Ü o Am_Mo d§ena§namJV h¸$AmhoV Vo Vwåhr Mmby H$amdo. Am_À`m KamÊ`mÀ`m Ohm{JarMm Omo ^mJ Vw_À`mH$~Om§V Jobm Amho Vmo Am_Mm Amåhm§bm naV {_imdm; OwÞa d Ah_XZJa ømàm§Vm§Vrb Am_Mr Xoe_wIr Amåhm§g naV {_imdr; Am{U Amnë`m Vmã`m§Vë`mH$m|H$U àm§Vm§Mr ì`dñWm Am_À`mH$So> Úmdr.'' øm Ë`m§À`m nÌmg Ë`m YyV© Am¡a§JOo~mZ|nwT>rb Ame`mMm O~m~ nmR>{dbm: ""Vwåhr Ho$boë`m AnamYm~Ôb Vwåhm§g nümÎmmnPmbm Amho åhUyZ Vwåhm§g j_m Ho$br Amho. H$m|H$U àm§V Vwåhr H$~Á`mV ¿`mdm.Am~mOr gmoZXodmg Am_À`mH$So> nmR>dyZ Úmdo. åhUOo Vw_À`m d{S>bmonm{O©Vh¸$m§g§~§YmZo dmQ>mKmQ> H$[aVm oB©b, d Vw_À`mAm_À`m_Ü o eodQ>Mo H$ama Z¸$sPmbo åhUOo Am_À`m Hw$_Ho$g Vwåhr nmMeo ñdma nmR>dmdo.''

hm Agm C^`Vm§Mm nÌì`dhma Pmbm, nU Ë`m§V H$mhrEH$ {ZînÞ Pmb| Zmhr.Amnë`mdaMm VmËH$m{bH$ AZW© Q>imdm åhUyZ Am¡a§JOo~mg _hmamOm§Zr Aem arVrZ|Pwb{dÊ`mMo `moOyZ Ë`mbm Aer danm§Jr Z_«Vm XmI{dbr nU Am¡a§JOo~ _moR>m YyV©d H$mdo~mO hmoVm. _hmamOm§Mr hr Z_«Vm Ho$di _mZ^mdrnUmMr AgyZ Amnbr nmR>diVmM Vo Amnë`m _wbImg Ìmg XoÊ`mg H$_r H$aUma ZmhtV h| Ë`mg n¸o$ H$iyZMwH$bo hmoVo. åhUyZ CÎmaoH$S>o OmVm§Zm Ë`mZo Amnë`m gaXmam§Zm Ago ~OmdyZ gm§{JVb|H$s¨, "'{edmOrda gº$ ZOa R>odm. Amnë`m _wbImda PS>n KmbÊ`mg Vmo AJXrQ>nyZ ~gbm Amho.'' Ë`mà_mU|M {dOmnyaH$am§g Ë`mZo Agm {Zamon nmR>{dbm H$s¨,""{edmOr {H$ëë`m§VyZ bnyZN>nyZ amhVmo Am{U Am_À`m d Vw_À`m _wbImg gmaImCnÐd XoV AgVmo, Var Ë`mbm VoWyZ hþgHy$Z bmdyZ Úm. Vwåhm§g Ë`mbm Amnë`mnXar R>odmd`mMo Agë`mg Ë`mbm OhmJra XoD$Z Xÿa H$Zm©Q>H$m§V admZm H$am.''

45

Am¡a§JOo~ {X„rg Jobm d Amnbm ~mn ehmOhmZ ømg H¡$XoV KmbyZ Amnë`m^mdm§er bTy> bmJbm, Voìhm§ Ë`mZ| X{jUoVrb gaXmam§g nÌo nmR>dyZ Amnë`m _XVrbm~mobm{dbo. {edmOr_hmamOm§g{h Aem Ame`mMo nÌ Amb|. V| dmMyZ nmhVm§MË`m§À`m A§Jmda ehmao Ambo. Amnë`m d¥Õ {nË`mbm ~§XrV R>odyZ d dS>rb ^mdm§MmZme H$ê$Z Vº$ ~iH$mdÊ`mMm Ë`mMm AË §V AY_ CÔoe nmhÿZ Ë`m§Zt Ë`mMm{Y¸$ma Ho$bm, Am{U nÌ KoD$Z oUmamg hmHy$Z {Xb|. Vo nÌ Ë`m§Zt Hw$Í`mÀ`m eonQ>mg~m§{Yb| d gmè`m nwUo ehmamVrb añË`m§VyZ {\$adyZ øm Ë`mÀ`m XþîH$_m©~Ôb gd©bmoH$m§_Ü o Ë`mMm Cnhmg Ho$bm. Amnë`m nÌmMm Agm AZmXa Pmë`mMo EoHy$ZAm¡a§JOo~ A{Ve{`V g§Vmnbm, Am{U øm~Ôb _hmamOm§Mm Mm§Jbm gyS> CJ{dÊ`mMrË`mZ| à{Vkm Ho$br. nU Vr H$Yr{h eodQ>mg Jobr Zmht.

nwT>o 1659 gmbm§V _hmamOm§Zr A\$PwbImZmg R>ma H$ê$Z {dOmnyaH$am§MmMm§JbmM namO` Ho$ë`mM| dV©_mZ Am¡a§JOo~mg H$ibo Voìhm§ Ë`mZo Ë`m§Zm _moR>çmJm¡admMo d em~mgH$sMo nÌ nmR>dyZ {dOmnyaH$am§À`m gahÔtdaMo XmoZ {H$„o nm[aVmo{fH$åhUyZ {Xbo, Am{U Amnbm ñVwË` H«$_ ZoQ>mZo Mmby R>odÊ`m{df`t AmJ«hnyd©H$ gm§JyZAmUIr Ag| CÎmoOZ {Xb| H$s¨ {dOmnyaH$am§Mo Oo _wbwI Vwåhr H$m~rO H$amb Ë`m§daAmåhm§g {_iUmar I§S>Ur Amåhr Vwåhmg _m\$ H$ê$. øm doit _hmamOm§Mr AernmR> WmonQ>Ê`m§V Ë`mMm Agm hoVw hmoVm H$s¨ Ë`m§Zt A{Xbemhr Mm§Jbr H$_Omoa Ho$bråhUOo Vr ~wS>{dÊ`mg AmnUmg \$mago l_ nS>Uma ZmhtV; Am{U A{Xbemhr~wS>{dbr åhUOo {edmOrgma»`m ~m§S>JwUmg{h ghO N>mQy>Z Q>mH$Vm oB©b. na§Vw hoeodQ>bo H$m_ nwT>| {H$Vr OS> d AgmÜ` hmoUma hmoV| h| Ë`m YyV© d H$nQ>r ~mXehmÀ`mbjm§V Amb| ZìhVo.

***

_moJbm§er g§~§Y (gZ 1650-57)

g§{já {edM[aÌ46

^mJ Xhmdm

{dOmnyaH$am§Mm AmUIr _wbyI H$m~rO H$[aVmV(gZ 1654-58)

ehmOramOo {dOmnwam§V ZOaH¡$XoV hmoVo Vmon ©V _hmamOm§Zr A{XbehmÀ`m _wbImVH$mhrEH$ Ym_Yy_ Ho$bm Zmht ho _mJo gm§{JVb|M Amho. amOo AQ>Ho$VyZ gwQy>Z H$Zm©Q>H$m§VAmnë`m Ohm{Jarda éOy Pmë`mda _hmamOm§Zt Ë`m emhtV nwZ… Ym_Yy_ gwê$ Ho$br.KmQ>_mWm d H$m|H$UnÅ>r oWrb {dOmnyaH$am§À`m Vmã`m§V Cabobm _wbyI d {H$„o gaH$aÊ`mMm H«$_ Ë`m§Zt gwê$ Ho$bm. øm doit Ë`m§À`mer CKS> gm_Zm H$aÊ`mM| gm_Ï ©{dOmnyaH$am§V Cabo ZìhV|. `mñVd Ë`m§g wº$sZo nH$Sy>Z AmUÊ`mMr H$m_[JarA{XbehmZ| ~mOr em_amO Zm§dmÀ`m EH$m gaXmamg gm§{JVbr. Vmo ~amo~a XhmhOma bmoH$ KoD$Z nmaKmQ>mV Ambm Am{U OmdirÀ`m M§Ðamd _moè`mÀ`m Aml`mZoX~m Yê$Z ~gbm. h| dV©_mZ _hmamOm§g H$iVmM Ë`m§Zt Ë`mÀ`mda AH$ñ_mV² h„mH$ê$Z Ë`mÀ`m bmoH$m§Mr EH$ghm H$Îmb CS>{dbr Am{U Ë`mMm nwam namO` Ho$bm.Voìhm§ Vmo {ZéËgmh hmoD$Z aS>V _mKmat {dOmnwamg Jobm.

øm ~mOr em_amOmbm H¥$îUmOr ~mOr M§Ðamd _moao `mZ| Aml` d Hw$_H${Xë`m~Ôb _hmamOm§g Ë`mMm _moR>m amJ Ambm; Am{U Ë`mM| CËnmQ>Z H$aÊ`mMmË`m§Zt {Zü` Ho$bm. øm _moè`mÀ`m Vmã`mV H¥$îUm d dmaUm øm ZÚm§À`m Xaå`mZMmKmQ>_mÏ`mdarb àm§V hmoVm. Vmo A{XbehmMm A§{H$V AgyZ Ë`mg H$a^ma XoV Ago.Ë`mÀ`m Vmã`m§V ~aoM {H$„o d Imoar hmoVr. _hmamOmZr Ë`mbm `mnydu Agm {ZamonnmR>{dbm hmoVm H$r, ""Vwåhr {dOmnyaH$am§Mr Vm~oXmar gmoSy>Z Am_Mo A§{H$V ìhm, dË`m§g XoVm Vmo H$a^ma Amåhm§g Úm Am{U Amåhmg àg§J nSo>b Voìhm§ nm§M hOmabmoH$m§{Zet _XV H$am. Am_Mo A§{H$V Z ìhmbVa Va Vw_Mr Omdir hñVJV H$ê$.''h| Ë`m§Mo åhUUo Ë`mbm _mÝ` Pmbo Zmht, Am{U Ë`mZo Ë`m§Zm Agm CbQ> O~m~

47

nmR>{dbm H$s¨, Ë`mM| åhUU| ""Vwåhr Omdirbm `mb Va Vw_Mm EH$ _mUyg{h naVOmUma Zmht. Vw_À`m§V nwéfmW© Agob Va CÚm oUma Vo AmOM `m. Am_À`merH$Q>H$Q> H$amb Vr {dMma H$ê$Z H$am. oW| Cnm` H$amb Vmo Anm` hmoB©b. è ZKoVm Anèmg nmÌ ìhmb.''

øm _moè`mÀ`m nXar _hmamOm§à_mUoM _mdù`m§Mm Mm§Jbm O_md AgyZ Ë`mMoR>mUo ~a|M {~H$Q> hmoV|. Ë`mÀ`mda EH$X_ MmbyZ Job| AgVm§ AmnUm§g hQ>Hy$Z èoB©b Aer Ë`m§Zm ImÌr ZìhVr. åhUyZ Ë`m§Zt aKwZmW ~„mi mg H$m§hr bmoH$m§{Zet

nmR>dyZ _moè`mÀ`m {H$ëë`m§Mr d R>mÊ`m§Mr pñW{V H$er H$m` Amho Vo nmhmd`mgbm{dbo; Am{U AmnU _hm~ioœamOdi _moR>çm g¡Ý`m{Zer Vi XoD$Z am{hbo.aKwZmW ~„miZo _moè`mMm gJim _wbyI hoê$Z _hmamOm§Zm Ë`mÀ`mda EH$X_ h„mH$aÊ`mMm Bemam Ho$bm. Voìhm Vo {ZgUrÀ`m KmQ>mZo CVê$Z Omdirg Jobo d _moaohe_JS>mg hmoVm Ë`mg doT>m KmbyZ Ë`mÀ`mer bTy> bmJbo. VoW| EH$ _{hZmâ aU_mOyZ am{hb|. eodQ>t _moao he_JS>mdê$Z niyZ am`JS>mda OmD$Z am{hbm. _hmamOm§ZrË`mMm nmR>bmJ H$ê$Z Ë`m {H$ëë`mg doT>m {Xbm. _moè`mZo Vmo {H$„m VrZ _{hZobT>{dbm. eodQ>t Ë`mg hma Imdr bmJyZ Vmo _hmamOm§g eaU Ambm. Am{U Ë`mMmhm {H$„m Ë`m§Zr ga Ho$bm. _hmamOm§Zt Ë`mbm Amnë`m~amo~a MmH$UÀ`m {H$ëë`mdaZobo. Ë`m§À`m _Zm§VyZ Ë`mMr nwZ: Omdirg ñWmnZm H$ê$Z Ë`mbm Amnbm A§{H$VH$ê$Z R>odmd`mMo hmoVo. na§Vw _moè`mZ| _wYmoiÀ`m ì §H$mOr KmoanS>çmer g§YmZ ~m§YÊ`mMmà`ËZ Ho$bm. øm g§~§YmMm Ë`mMm nÌì`dhma _hmamOm§À`m hmVt bmJbm. Voìhm§Ë`mÀ`mda ~oB_mZnUmMm Q>nH$m R>odyZ Ë`mMm Ë`m§Zr {eaÀN>oX Ho$bm. _moè`mÀ`m~m`H$m§_wbm§g Ë`m§Zt nwa§Xa {H$ëë`mda ZoD$Z R>o{dbo d Ë`mg H$m§ht Zo_UyH$ H$ê$ZXoÊ`mM| mo{Obo. na§Vw Ë`mÀ`m XmoKm _wbm§Zr {dOmnyagaH$mamH$So> Amnë`m gwQ>Ho${df`rJwá nÌì`dhma Ho$bm, Vmo Ë`m§À`m hmVt bmJë`m_wio Ë`m§Zt Ë`m§g nwÊ`mg ZoD$ZXohm§VemgZ {Xbo d _moè`mÀ`m ~m`H$m§g d _wbrg gmoSy>Z {Xbo.

øm H¥$îUamd ~mOr _moè`mMm hZ_§Vamd åhUyZ EH$ _moR>m eya ~§Yw hmoVm. Vmo ømYm_Yw_rV {ZgQy>Z ViH$moH$Um§V nimbm hmoVm. Omdir _hmamOm§À`m H$~Om§V Joë`mdaVmo {VH$So> amOm hmoD$Z ~gbm d Omdir naV KoÊ`mÀ`m IQ>nQ>rg bmJbm. Ë`mÀ`merbTy>Z Amnë`m bmoH$m§Mm AmUIr Zme H$aU| ~a| Zmhr Ago _Zm§V AmUyZ Ë`mbm

{dOmnyaH$am§Mm AmUIr _wbyI H$m~rO H$[aVmV (gZ 1654-58)

g§{já {edM[aÌ48

wº$sZ| nH$S>Ê`mMm ~oV _hmamOm§Zt Ho$bm Am{U øm H$m_{Jarda g§^mOr H$mdOr`mg admZm Ho$bo. Ë`mZ| hU_§Vamdmer _moR>çm ñZoh^mdmZo ~mobUo H$ê$Z gm§{JVbo H$s¨Vwåhr _hmamOm§À`m nXar Agm_r nVH$ê$Z amhmd| Am{U Ë`m§À`mer earag§~§Y H$ê$ZAmnb| H$ë`mU H$ê$Z ¿`mdo. h| Ag| ~mobUo hU_§Vamdmer EH$m§Vr H$arV AgVmË`mZo Ë`mÀ`m nmoQ>m§V H$Q>çma MmbdyZ Ë`mbm VoWoM nwam Ho$bm; Am{U Amnë`mbmoH$m§Zm Ë`mÀ`m bmoH$m§da gmoSy>Z Ë`m§Zm CYiyZ bm{dbo.

_moè`mÀ`m Aml`mZo {edVa Imoè`m§V ~m~mOr H$m|S>Xod Ë`m Zm§dmMm EH$~«m÷U hmoVm. _moè`mMm Zm`ZmQ> Pmë`mda Vmo ñdV§Ì hmoD$Z nw§S>mdm H$ê$§ bmJbmhmoVm. _hmamO Ë`m àm§Vm§V Amnbm A_b ~gdy bmJbo Voìhm hm ~«m÷U {eaOmoahmoD$Z Ë`m§g _wit Ow_mZrZm. Ë`mdê$Z Ë`mg Ë`m§Zr H¡$X Ho$bo. ~«m÷Umg {Odo_mê$ Z`o Agm _hmamOmMm {Z`_ Agë`m_wio Ë`mMo S>moio H$mT>Ê`mMm hþHy$_Ë`m§Zt {Xbm.

øm _moè`mÀ`m àm§Vm§V dmB©Odi JmoiodmS>r åhUyZ EH$ Jmd Amho. Vmo JmoioZmdmÀ`m EH$m _amR>o gaXmamÀ`m Vmã`m§V hmoVm. _moao Zm_moha_ Pmë`mda hm gaXmañdV§Ì hmoD$Z ~gbm hmoVm. _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mMm _moS> H$ê$Z JmoiodmS>r H$m~rO Ho$br.øm Ym_Yw_rV _hmamOm§À`m EH$m ~«m÷U gaXmamZo øm Jmoù`mMr gyZ H¡$X $H$ê$Z_hmamOm§nwT>o AmUyZ C^r Ho$br. Vr A{Ve{`V gw§Xa Agë`m_wio _hmamO {VMmA§JrH$ma H$aVrb Ag| Ë`mg dmQ>bo hmoVo. na§Vw Vo nmn^rê$ Agë`m H$maUmZ|H$ë`mUÀ`m dZgw^oXmamMr VéU gyZ nmhÿZ Oo CÕma Ë`m§Zt H$m{T>bo hmoVo VoM Ë`m§Ztøm àg§Jt{h H$m{T>>bo.

øm doit {haS>g _mdim§V ~m§Xb Xoe_wI ñdV§Ì hmoD$Z ~gbm hmoVm. Vmoamo{hS>m Zm§dmÀ`m {H$„çmV _O~yV R>mUo H$ê$Z am{hbm hmoVm. Vmo gm_monMmamÀ`mgm¡å` Cnm`m§Zt de hmoB©Zm åhUyZ _hmamOm§Zt OmVrZo Ë`mÀ`m {H$ëë`mda N>mnmKmVbm. Ë`m§À`mnwT>o Amnbo H$m§ht MmbUma Zmht h| Ë`mbm n¸o$ R>mD$H$ hmoVo. na§Vw Vmo_moR>m _mZr d eya Agë`m_wi| Ë`m§À`mer eodQ>n ªV bT>md`mMo Agm {ZYm©a H$ê$ZVmo Amnë`m bmoH$m§{Zer Ë`m§À`mda VwQy>Z nS>bm. C^` njm§H$S>rb bmoH$ _moR>çmem¡`m©Z| bT>bo. IwÔ ~m§Xb hmVt eó KoD$Z bT>V hmoVm. eodQ>r Ë`mMm nam^d hmoD$ZVmo aUm§V nS>bm; Am{U Ë`mMo Cabobo bmoH$ _hmamOm§Zm eaU Ambo.

49

øm bT>mB©V _hmamOm§Zm EH$ _moRm >bm^ Pmbm. Vmo Agm: øm ~m§XbmMm~mOrà^w Xoenm§So> øm Zm§dmMm EH$ {XdmU hmoVm. ~m§XbmMo Oo bmoH$ _hmamOm§Zm eaUAmbo Ë`m§_Ü | hm {XdmU à_wI hmoVm. Ë`mMr _Xþ©_H$s nmhÿZ _hmamO \$ma Iyf PmbohmoVo. Ë`m§Zt Ë`mbm _moR>çm Am¡Xm`m©Zo d __VoZo dmJdyZ Ë`mMr dVZdmS>r Ë`mÀ`mH$So>H$m`_ Ho$br Am{U Ë`mbm Amnë`m nXar ZmoH$arg R>o{dbo. hm _moR>m hþfma, ñdm{_H$m ©Xjd eya nwéf nwT>| _hmamOm§À`m Cn`moJr H$gm nS>bm V| `WmñWbt gm§Jy.

OmdirMm d Ë`mÀ`m AmgnmgMm _wbyI Amnë`m Vmã`m§V gwa{jV amhmdmåhUyZ Ë`m§Zt H¥$îUmZXrÀ`m CJ_mnmer {~H$Q> d IS>H$mi S>m|Ja nmhÿZ Ë`mda EH$^¸$_ {H$„m _hmamOm§Zr ~m§YyZ Ë`mM| Zm§d àVmnJS> Ag| R>o{dbo. øm doit Ë`m§Zt_hm~ioídamÀ`m Xodmb`mMm OrUm}Õma H$ê$Z H¥$îUmZXrÀ`m CJ_mnmer EH$ Xodmb`d nmodir ~m§{Ybr. oWyZ nwT>| H$m|H$Um§V CVê$Z Ë`m§Zt {VH$S>Mr g_wÐ{H$Zmè`mdaMraËZm{J[a, {dO`XþJ©, gwdU©XþJ©, gmier, ImaonmQ>U dJ¡ao R>mUr hñVJV Ho$br.

ømà_mU| H$m|H$UnÅ>r Amnë`m gÎmoImbt AmUÊ`mÀ`m CÚmoJmg _hmamO bmJboVoìhm§ Ë`m§g O§{Oè`mÀ`m {eÔrnmgyZ \$maM Ìmg hmoD$§ bmJbm. _hmamOm§Zr H$m~rOHo$boë`m àm§Vmg {eÔr Amnë`m Ama_mamÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo \$maM CnÐd XoD$ bmJbm.Voìhm§ øm [anyg {O§H$ë`mdm§MyZ Amnbr {VH$S>rb gÎmm d àOm {Z~}Y hmoV Zmhr Ag|nmhÿZ _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mÀ`m nm[anË`mgmR>r em_amOn§V noeì`mg _moR>r \$m¡O XoD$ZnmR>{db|. nU {eÔrnwT>| Ë`mM| H$mhrEH$ Z MmbyZ Ë`mbm hma Imdr bmJbr. ømnamO`m_wi| _hmamOm§Mr em_amOn§Vmda BVamOr hmoD$Z Ë`m§Zr Ë`mÀ`mH$S>Mm noedmB©MmhþÔm H$mTy>Z KoVbm d Vmo _m|amon§V qÌ~H$ qnJio `mg {Xbm. øm _moamon§VmH$So> hmhþÔm Am_aU am{hbm. {eÔrer nwT>| AmUIr `wÕ Mmb{dÊ`mÀ`m H$m_{JardaË`m§Zt aKwZmWn§VmMr `moOZm Ho$br. Ë`mZ| {eÔrer ~amM doi Pw§O Ho$b|, na§Vw VmoH$m§ht Ho$ë`m Ooarg `oB©Zm BVŠ`m§V nmdgmim Amë`m_wio hr Ë`mMr _mohr_ Mma_{hZo VhHy$~ Pmbr. nmdgmim g§nVmM Ë`mÀ`mda _moR>r \$m¡O nmR>dyZ Ë`mMm nwamYwìdm CS>{dÊ`mMm _hmamOm§Mm ~oV hmoVm. nU Vmo Ë`m§Zm Ë`m doir VhHy$~ R>odmdmbmJbm. H$maU {dOmnyaH$amZt Ë`m§À`mda A\$PbImZ Zm§dmÀ`m _moR>çm ~bmT>çgaXmambm _moR>r \$m¡O XoD$Z nmR>{db|. øm Zì`m A[aï>mH$So> Ë`m§M| gJi| bjdoYbo.

{dOmnyaH$am§Mm AmUIr _wbyI H$m~rO H$[aVmV (gZ 1654-58)

g§{já {edM[aÌ50

da gm§{JVë`mà_mUo {eÔrer wÕ Mmbbo AgVm§ dmS>rÀ`m gmd§Vm§g Ag|H$ibo H$s {edmOr_hmamOm§Zr H$moH$UnÅ>rV Amnbr gÎmm ~g{dÊ`mMm gnmQ>m Mmb{dbmAgyZ Amnë`mda Ë`m§Mr MT>mB© bm¡H$aM hmoÊ`mMm a§J Amho. Voìhm§ Amnbr OmdirÀ`m_moè`mgmaIr JV ìhmd`mMr, Vr Q>miÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zt AmnU hmoD$Z _hmamOm§nmetVhmMo ~mobUo bm{db|. Vo Ë`mg H$~yb hmoD$Z Ë`m§Zt Ë`m§À`met nwT>rbà_mUo VhHo$bm: gmd§Vm§Zr Amnë`m Ohm{JarÀ`m CËnÞmMm AYm© {hñgm _hmamOm§g Úmdm d~mH$sMm Ë`m§Zt {Zd}Y ^moJmdm. Ë`m§Zt BV…na {dOmnyaH$amg H$a XoD$§ Z o. Ë`m§ZtAmnë`m Ohm{JatVrb EH§$Xa {H$ëë`mda Amnbo bmoH$ R>odyZ Ë`m§Mr Mm§Jbr ì`dñWmamImdr Am{U Oê$a nSo>b Voìhm§ _hmamOm§Zm VrZ hOma nm`Xim{Zer _XV H$amdr.ømà_mUo Ho$di {Zénm`mñVd gmd§Vm§Zr _hmamOm§et Vh Ho$bm. na§Vw Ë`m _mZrXoe_wIm§g bdH$aM nümÎmmn hmoD$Z Vo Vhmà_mU| dmJÊ`mg V`ma Pmbo ZmhtV;Am{U Amnë`mdarb _hmamOm§Mm Vm~m CS>dyZ XoD$Z Vo nwZa{n {dOmnyaH$am§Mo A§{H$VPmbo. øm~Ôb _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mMr H$er ImoS> _moS>br V| `WmñWbt gm§Jy.

øm gw_mamg AmUIr EH$ bjmV R>odÊ`mgmaIr Jmoï> Pmbr, Vr Aer: _moJbm§Zr{dOmnyaH$amg ~aoM Ooarg AmUyZ Ë`mÀ`mda _moR>r I§S>Ur ~g{dbr. `m_wi| Ë`m§Zm_moR>r \$m¡O ~miJÊ`mM| ÌmU Cabo Zmht. åhUyZ Ë`mÀ`m bîH$amVrb ~oH$ma PmbobogmVeo nR>mU _hmamOm§H$So> ZmoH$ar _mJmd`mg Ambo. Voìhm§ Ë`m§Zm ZmoH$arg R>odmd| H$s¨H$g| hm àý CØdbm. ~è`mM OUm§Zr Aer g„m {Xbr H$s _wgb_mZ bmoH$m§daBVdma R>odyZ Amnë`m bîH$am§V Ë`m§Zm R>odUo _moR>o YmoŠ`mMo Amho. EH$XmoZ Agm_tM|Ag| åhUU| nS>b| H$s Ë`m§Zm ZrQ> nmaIyZ Amnë`mH$So> ZmoH$ar XoÊ`mg H$mhrEH$haH$V Zmht. _hmamOm§Zm hr Xþgar g„m ng§V hmoD$Z Ë`m nR>mUm§Zm Amnë`m g_moaAmU{dbo d Ë`mg ZrQ> {ZaIyZ nmhÿZ d CbQ>gwbQ> àý {dMmê$Z Ë`m§M| öÒVVmS>bo; Am{U Ë`m§Zm Amnë`mH$So> ZmoH$arg R>o{db| AgVm§ H§$htEH$ XJm ìhmd`mMmZmhr Aer Ë`m§Mr ImÌr Pmë`mda Ë`m§Zt Ë`m§g Amnë`mH$So> R>odyZ KoVbo. Ë`m§À`mnWH$mda amKmo ~„mi AÌo `m§g gaXma Zo{_bo.

***

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òWda d{U©ë`mà_mUo {edmOr_hmamO CÎmamoÎma ~bmT>ç hmoV Joë`m_wioqdOmnyaH$am§g _moR>r XheV dmQy>Z Ë`m§Mm H$m§Q>m Zmhrgm H$aÊ`mMm {dMma Ë`m Xa~mamVhmoD$§ bmJbm. A{Xbemhr Vº$mda Ë`m doit drg ~mdrg dfm©Mm VéU _wbJm~gbm AgyZ> Ë`mMr AmB© _wËgÚm§À`m gmhmæ`mZo gJim H$ma^ma MmbdrV Ago.{Vbm ~S>r gmho~rU åhUV. {VZo EHo$ {Xder gJù`m gaXmamg Xa~mamg ~mobmdyZAg| {dMmabo H$s¨ {edmOr Am_À`m nmVemhVr_Üò \$maM nw§S>mdm H$arV Amho;Ë`mbm nH$Sy>Z AmUÊ`mÀ`m H$m_{Jarda H$moU OmÊ`mg V`ma Amho? hr {~H$Q>H$m_{Jar nVH$aÊ`mg H$moUr{h nwT>o gagmdoZm. h| nmhÿZ A\$PwbImZ Zm§dmÀ`mEH$m gaXmamg B©fmª MTy>Z Vmo Ë`m H$m_{Jarda OmÊ`mg {gÕ Pmbm d ~amo~a _moR>og¡Ý` KoD$Z øm _mo{h_oda {ZKmbm. dmQ>oV VwiOmnya, n§T>anya dJ¡ao {R>H$mUt OrXodñWmZo bmJbr Ë`m§Mr ZmgYyg H$arV d _hmamOm§Mo H$moQ>{H$„o ga H$arV VmonwÊ`mH$So> dibm.

hr Ë`mMr §H$a dmdQ>i AmnUm§da oV Amho Ag| EoHy$Z _hmamOm§Zr àVmnJS>mdaOmD$Z Oæ`V V`marZ| amhÊ`mMm {dMma Ho$bm. Vmo AWm©V² Aem hoVyZ| H$sÄ\$PwbImZmMm _moMm© {VH$So> dibm åhUOo Ë`mbm {~H$Q> OmJoV Mm§Jbo JmR>Vm`md|. na§Vw Ë`m§À`m nXaÀ`m H$m§ht OUmM| Ago _V nS>b| H$s¨ ImZmnmer _moR>r \$m¡OAmho. Ë`mÀ`mer gm_Zm Ho$ë`mZ| AmnUm§g è oÊ`mMr \$maer Amem Zmht. VarË`mbm eaU OmD$Z {dOmnyaH$am§er g»` H$amd| h| ~a|. _hmamOm§Zm hr _gbV{~bHy$b ng§V nS>br Zmht. Vo åhUmbo; ""`dZ ~oB_mZ AmhoV. Vo {dœmg XmIdyZAmnbm Zme H$amd`mg MwH$Uma ZmhtV. A\$PwbImZ _bm nH$Sy>Z ZoÊ`mgmR>rAmbm Amho. Var Ë`mÀ`mer g_a H$ê$Z Amnbr _Xþ©_H$s Ë`mg XmI{dÊ`mMm hmg_` Amho. g_am§JUmV namH«$_ H$ê$Z _amd| ho _bm lo`ñH$a dmQ>V|. eÌyg eaU

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OmD$Z àmUZme ìhmdm h| AË §V AZw{MV hmo`. OJX§~oZo _bm ñdßZm§V Xe©Z XoD$ZVy èñdr hmoerb Agm Amerdm©X {Xbm Amho. A\$PwbImZmet wÕ H$ê$Z Ë`mbmJXug {_i{dÊ`mMr qh_V _bm OJX§~oÀ`m àgmXmZo Ambr Amho. _r bT>mB©V nS>bmoVa _mÂ`m _mJ| _mÂ`m H$_mB©Mo ajU H$am d {_i{dboë`m ñdamÁ`mMr _mÂ`m_mVwlrÀ`m AmkoV dmJyZ ì`dñWm ZrQ> R>odm åhUOo Pmbo.''

ømà_mU| ñd{Zü` H$WZ H$ê$Z àVmnJS>mda Omd`mMr V`mar H$aÊ`mMmhþHy$_ Ë`m§Zt Ho$bm; Am{U {OOm~mB©À`m MaUmda _ñVH$ R>odyZ Amnbm ~oV {VbmH$i{dbm. g§H$Q> {H$Vr {~H$Q> Amho d Ë`m§VyZ {Z^mdÊ`mMm g§^d {H$Vr AënAmho h| {VÀ`m bjm§V òD$Z {Vbm A{Ve{`V J{hda Ambm. Var Ë`m _mVoZ|Ë`mÀ`m _ñVH$s hmV R>odyZ Agm Amerdm©X {Xbm H$s¨, ""Vy§ øm wÕm§V eñdr hmo.eÌyer _moR>çm em¡`m©Zo d hþemarZo bTy>Z _bm dra_mVm åhUrd.'' _mVoMm AgmAmerdm©X KoD$Z Vo àVmnJS>mda Jobo.

_hmamO àVmnJS>mda OmD$Z am{hbo AmhoV Ag| H$iVmM ImZmZ| Amnbr \$m¡O{VH$So> ZoD$Z dmB©g Vi {Xbm. Ë`mbm àVmnJS>mda Mmb H$aÊ`mM| Y¡ © hmoB©Zm.H$maU V| {R>H$mU _moR>o {~H$Q> hmoV|. _hmamOm§Zm{h Ago H$iyZ MwH$bo H$s¨ ImZmMr\$m¡O \$ma _moR>r AgyZ Ë`mMr V`mar _O~yV Amho. åhUyZ Ë`mÀ`mda h„m H$aÊ`m§V_moR>m YmoH$m Amho. BH$So> A\$PwbImZmZo Agm ~oV Ho$bm H$s¨ _hmamOm§er gbmo»`mMod __VoM| ~mobUo bmdyZ Ë`m§Zm _moR>r bmbyM XmIdmdr Am{U dmB©g ôQ>tbm åhUyZAmUyZ nH$S>mdo. øm CÔoemZo H¥$îUmOr ^mñH$a Zm§dmÀ`m EH$m hþema ~«m÷Umg Ë`mZ|àVmnJS>mda _hmamOm§H$So> nmR>{db|. _hmamOm§Zr Ë`m d{H$bm§Mm ~hþ_mZ Ho$bm dXa~ma âdyZ Ë`mM| gJi| åhUU| EoHy$Z KoVb|. Xa~ma ~aImñV Pmë`mda Ë`md{H$bmg EH$m§Vr Jm§Ry>Z _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mÀ`mer AË §V JmoS> d _mohH$ eãXm§Zr nwT>rbAme`mM| ^mfU Ho$bo: ""AmOn ªV _t O| H$m§ht Ho$bo Amho V| Ho$di qhXÿY_© d qhXÿbmoH$ `m§À`m ajUmgmR>r Ho$b| Amho. h| H$m © _r OJX§~oÀ`m AmkoZo Ama§{^b| Amho.Ë`mg Amnë`m gma»`m dU©loð> ~«m÷UmMo gmhmæ` Adí` {_imbo nm{hOo. AmnbmY_© ~wS>V Mmbbm Amho. Xod ~«m÷Um§g nrS>m hmoV Amho. gd© âVI§S> åboÀN>_`hmoÊ`mMm g_` Ambm Amho. `m~Ôb Vwåhm§bm Adí` IoX dmQ>bm nm{hOo. hrXþ…pñW{V Zmhrer H$aÊ`mMm Omo hm CÚmoJ _t Ama§{^bm Amho Vmo Amnë`mgma»`m

53

loð> dUm©Vrb Wmoa J¥hñWm§À`m gmhmæ`mZoM {gÕrg OmUma Amho.'' h| ^mfU EoHy$ZH¥$îUmOr mñH$amMr d¥{Îm VËH$mi nmbQ>br. Ë`mÀ`m R>m`t Y_m©{^_mZ OmJ¥V Pmbm._hmamOm§À`m nXar amhÿZ Ë`m§Mr B_mZmZ§o ZmoH$ar H$aÊ`mMr AmU^mH$ Ë`mZ| Ho$br;Am{U ImZmg \$gdyZ Omdirg AmUÊ`mMo A{^dMZ {Xb|.

ømà_mUo ImZmÀ`m d{H$bmg nwam de H$ê$Z KoD$Z Ë`mÀ`m~amo~a n§VmOrJmonrZmWmg ImZmH$So> admZm Ho$b|. OmVo doit _hmamOm§Zr ImZmg nwT>rb Ame`mMm{Zamon Úmd`mg gm§{JVb|: ""AmåhrM Vw_À`m oQ>rg md|, nU Amåhm§bm namH$mï>oMr^r{V dmQ>V Amho. dmB©g oQ>rg md`mbm Amåhm§bm Y¡ © hmoV Zmht. Vwåhr Amåhm§bmd{S>bm§g_mZ Amhm§. Amåhm§bm Yra XoD$Z nmVehmÀ`m Xe©Zmg KoD$Z Omb dAm_Mr Ë`mOnmet {e\$mag H$amb Va Ë`m§V Vw_Mm WmoanUm Amho. Iam {dœmgAgob Va _oha~mZr H$ê$Z VwåhrM Omdirbm `md|; åhUOo Amåhr Vw_À`m_wbmIVrbm Adí` òVmo.'' ImZmÀ`m d{H$bmg {Zamon XoVm§Zm _hmamOm§Zr âOardñÌo, _moË`mMm Mm¡H$S>m, gmoÝ`mMr H$S>r d nXHo$, EH$ Aa~r KmoS>m d nm§M hOmahmoZ EdT>o ~jrg {Xbo.

H¥$îUmOr mñH$a d n§VmOr JmonrZmW m§Zr ImZmH$So> OmD$Z Aer CÎm_ ~VmdUrHo$br H$s¨ Ë`mbm Ë`m§Mo gJio åhUU| Ia| dmQy>Z Vmo Omdirg Jobm. Vmo {VH$So>Omd`mg {ZKmbm Voìhm§ _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mÀ`m dmQ>oVbr XmQ> PmS>r dJ¡ao VmoSy>Z Ë`mÀ`mg¡Ý`mg gwImZ| Hy$M H$[aVm§ oB©g| Ho$bo. Ë`mMm OoW| Vi nS>md`mMm hmoVm VoW|Ë`mÀ`m g¡Ý`mÀ`m amhÊ`mÀ`m dJ¡ao gJù`m gmoB© H$ê$Z R>o{dë`m hmoË`m. ImZmM| g¡ÝàS>Vm|S>rMm KmQ> MTy>Z `md`mMo hmoV| åhUyZ Ë`mZ| Amnbm Vmo\$ImZm dJ¡ao AdOS>gm_mZ da$ AmUb| Zmhr. Ë`m§À`m ôQ>rMr OmJm JS>mImbr ~waOmOdi _wH«$a H$ê$ZVoW| _moR>r gw§Xa gXa V`ma Ho$br. C^`Vm§Zr EH$EH$ hþOè`m ~amo~a KoD$Z gXaog`md| Ago R>abo. ImZ Amnë`m ~amo~a EH$ hþOè`m d g¡X~§S>m Zm§dmMm EH$ nQ>mB©Vd eya {enmB© KoD$Z gXaog Ambm. Ë`mMm nohamd Xa~mar WmQ>mMm hmoVm d Ë`mÀ`mhmVmV EH$ Vadma hmoVr. Ë`mZ| Amnbo n§Yameo bmoH$ ôQ>rÀ`m {R>H$mUmnmgyZ H$m§htgoXya Imbt {R>H${R>H$mUr Cô H$ê$Z R>o{dbo hmoVo.

BH$S>o _hmamOm§Zr {H$ëë`mÀ`m Amgnmg d ImZmÀ`m g¡Ý`mMm Vi hmoVmË`mÀ`mnmgyZ H$m§ht A§Vamda XmQ> amZm§V Amnë`m g¡Ý`mg X~m Yê$Z amhmd`mg

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gm§{JVbo hmoVo. {H$„çmda nm§M Vmo\$m hmoVm§M Ë`m§Zt Mmohm§oH$Sy>Z h„m H$ê$Z ImZmM|g¡Ý` CYiyZ bmdmdo Ago Ë`m§g \$_m©dyZ R>o{dbo hmoV|. EdT>m H$So>H$moQ> ~§Xmo~ñVHo$ë`mda Vo ImZmÀ`m oQ>rg OmÊ`mÀ`m V`marg bmJbo. Ë`m§Zr ñZmZ H$ê$Z lr^dmZrMrgmoËH§$R> hmoD$Z àmW©Zm Ho$br. Voìhm§ ^dmZr Ë`m§À`m A§JmV g§Mê$Z nwT>rbà_mUo~mobbr; ""Aao _wbm qMVm H$ê$ ZH$mo. `m g_`r VwÂ`m nmR>rda _r C^r Amh|.ImZmg _moh KmbyZ VwÂ`m g§{ÞY _t Am{Ubo Amho. Vy§ {Z^©` {MÎmo AdgmZ Yê$ZË`mMm dY H$a. Ë`mMo {ea H$mnyZ _mÂ`m nwT>o R>od.'' OdiÀ`m H$ma^mè`m§Zr ho eãX{Q>nyZ R>o{dbo. A§JmVbo dmao OmD$Z Vo gmdY Pmbo Voìhm§ ho XodrMo eãX Ë`m§Zm dmMyZ>XmI{dbo. Vo EoHy$Z Ë`m§g A{YH$M hþê$n Ambm. _J Ë`m§Zt Amnë`m gaXmam§gåhQ>bo: ""Amåhr Va Or{dV V¥Uàm` g_OyZ eÌyÀ`m A§Jmda MmbyZ OmV Amhmo.`m§V e Ambo Va R>rH$M Amho. na§Vw H$mhr bVmM àH$ma Pmbm Va Vwåhr Km~ê$ZOmD$ ZH$m. R>a{dboë`m ~oVmà_mUo eÌyda MmbyZ OmD$Z Ë`mMm \$S>em CS>dm damÁ`mM| g§ajU H$am. Vwåhr gmao eya d namH«$_r Amhm§. Am_Mr gJir _XmaVw_À`mda Amho. Vw_À`mgmaIo B_mZr d dr ©embr nwéf ghmæ` AmhoV åhUyZAmåhmg dZm§Mr nadm dmQ>V Zmht. m g_`r gdmªZr Amnë`m em¡`m©Mr d namH«$_mMrnamH$mð>m H$amdr. Vw_Mr AZwHy$bVm Amho åhUyZ _bm A\$PwbImZmMm _wirM{hemo~ dmQ>V Zmht. AmOn ªV Ho$bobr H$_mB© Vw_À`m em¡`m©Mo d gmhmæ`mMo \$iAmho. Vr Amnbr H$_mB© H$m`_ amIÊ`mg {OdmMr ndm© Z H$[aVm øm g_`r PQ>mbVa Vw_Mr {H$Vu A{YH$M dmT>ob.'' ho Ago dr`m}ËgmhmMo CÔrnZ H$aUmao ^mfUEoHy$Z gJù`m§À`m A§JmV ñ\y$aU MT>bo. Vo åhUmbo: ""AmnU Amåhmg Or AmkmHo$br Amho VXZwgma dmJÊ`m§V Amåhr `pËH§${MV²{h H$gya H$aUma Zmht. Ë`mgmR>rAm_Mo àmU{h ~ir nS>bo Var Ë`mMr Amåhm§bm {j{V Zmht. ho àmU EH$dmaAmnë`m MaUr dm{hbo AmhoV. Vo AmVm§ Am_Mo ZìhV. Vo ñdm{_H$m`u JV Pmbo VaV| Amåhr _moR>oM ^yfU g_Oy.''

øm à_mU| nXaÀ`m bmoH$m§À`m R>m`t CËgmh d A{^_mZ OmJ¥V H$ê$Z _hmamOImZmÀ`m ^oQ>rg Omd`mg {ZKmbo. Ë`m§Zt A§Jm§V {Oao KmbyZ Ë`mda PJm MT>{dbm.S>moH$sg {OaoQ>monr KmbyZ daVr nmJmoQ>| KmVbo. COì`m hmVm§V {~Mdm KoD$Z VmoAñVZtV bn{dbm; d S>mì`m hmVmÀ`m n§Om§V bmoI§S>r dmK ZI MT>{db|. _JImbt CVaVm§Zm nwZ… EH$ doi XodrMo Xe©Z KoD$Z Vo _mVwlrMm {Zamon ¿`md`mg Jobo.

55

Ë`m§Zt {VÀ`m MaUr _ñVH$ R>o{dbo Voìhm§ Vr J{hdê$Z åhUmbr: ""~mim Vy§ OJX§~oÀ`mH¥$noZo {dO` nmderb. _mPm Vwbm nyU© Amerdm©X Amho. Hw§$VrMo nwÌ ^r_ d AOw©Zho Ogo namH«$_r {ZnObo Vgm Vy§ ^mogë`m§À`m Hw$im§V {Z_m©U Pmbm Amhog. ømHw$imM| Zm§d OJm§V JmOrd. A\$PwbImZmg aUmV R>ma H$ê$Z ñdamÁ`mMr A{^d¥{ÕH$a. {ed~m, Vy§ _bm Hw§$VrÀ`m n§º$sg ~erd. ImZmbm Ord§V gmoSy> ZH$mo. Ë`mMm{eaÀN>oX H$a. VwPm d{S>b ~§Yw g§^mOr øm ImZmÀ`m nm`r àmUmg _wH$bm Amho,Ë`mM| CgZo Ko.''

JS>mImbr CVaÊ`mnydu Ë`m§Zr ImZmbm gm§JyZ nmR>{db| H$s Ë`mZ| Amnë`m~amo~agXaoda H$moÊmr {enmB© R>ody Z o. Ë`mà_mU| Ë`mZ| g¡X~§S>m dJ¡ao Amnë`m~amo~aÀ`m{enm`m§g gXaonmgyZ A§Vamda C^o amhÊ`mg gm§{JVb|. H$maU Ë`mbm Aer qh_VdmQ>V hmoVr H$s¨ {edmOr_hmamO Amnë`m hmVt bmJVm§M Ë`mbm AmnU ñdV… H¡$XH$ê$. qH$dm R>ma _mê$. _J _hmamO Amnë`m~amo~a {Odm _hmë`m d g§^mOr H$mdOr`m§g KoD$Z gXaog Jobo. Vo ä`më`mM| {_f H$ê$Z W~H$V W~H$V ImZmnwT>| Jobo. VoAm§V Amë`m~amo~a ImZ CR>y>Z H$m§ht nmdbo nwT>o gagmdbm. Ë`mM| YyS>_moR>o {demihmoVo Am{U _hmamOm§Mm ~m§Ym A_i R>|JUm d gS>nmVi hmoVm. åhUyZ Ë`mbm dmQ>b|hmoV| H$s¨ _hmamOm§Zm AmnU AmVm ghO {Ja\$Xma H$ê$.

H¥$îUmOr mñH$amZo arVrà_mUo C^`Vm§Mr AmoiI H$ê$Z {Xë`mda Vo EH$_oH$m§gAmqbJZ H$aÊ`mg gagmdbo, Vmo ImZmZo PQ²>{Xer _hmamOm§Mr _w§S>r H$dQ>miyZS>mì`m H$m§IoImbr KÅ> Y[abr d hmVmVbr H$Q>çma Ë`m§À`m Hw$erV Mmb{dbr. na§Vw_hmamOm§À`m A§Jm§V {Oao Agë`m_wi| Ë`m§Zm Vr bmJbr Zmht. hm Agm Ë`mMm XJmnmhÿZ _hmamOm§Zr hmVm§Vbo dmKZI ImZmÀ`m nmoQ>m§V Mmb{dbo d Xþgè`m hmVm§Vë`m{~Mì`mMm _mam Ho$bm; Am{U Ë`mÀ`m H$mIoVbo Amnbo S>moHo$ MnimB©Zo H$mT>y>ZKoVb|. dmKZImMm _mam hmoVm§M ImZmMo nmoQ> \$mQy>Z AmVS>r ~mhoa Ambr. Vt S>mì`mhmVm§V gmdê$Z Yê$Z COì`m hm§Vm§Vë`m VadmarMm EH$ gÁOa dma Ë`mZ| _hmamOm§daHo$bm. Vmo Ë`m§Zt MnimB©Z| MwH${dbm. Var Vmo Ë`m§À`m {eaómUmg {ZgQ>Vm bmJyZOdm BVH$s OI_ Pmbr. BVŠ`m§V _hmamOm§Zr S>moù`mMo nmVo bdVo Z bdVo VmoImZmda AmUIr EH$ dma H$ê$Z Ë`mg AJXt Km`mi Ho$bo, d Ë`mÀ`m hmVMrVadma Vo {hgH$mdyZ KoD$§ bmJbo. Voìhm§ ImZ, ""_mabo! _mabo! XJm! XJm!'' Ag|

A\$PwbImZmMm dY

g§{já {edM[aÌ56

_moR>çmZo AmoaS>bm Ë`m ~amo~a C^` njm§M| bmoH$ gXaoH$So> YmdV oD$Z Ë`m§MrhmU_ma gwê$ Pmbr. ImZmMm {dœmgy d eya {enmB© g¡X~§S>m Ë`m OmJr gJù`m§À`mAJmoXa VoW| OmD$Z _hmamOm§da Vadma CngyZ Ymdbm; Voìhm§ _hmamO {Odm_hm{b`mH$S>Mr Vadma KoD$Z Ë`mÀ`mer bTy> bmJbo. BVŠ`m§V {Odm _hm{b`mZ|g¡X~§S>mÀ`m Im§Úmda {\$a§JrMm dma H$ê$Z Ë`mMm nQ²>Q>çmMm hmV VmoSy>Z Q>mH$bm.ømà_mUo C^` njm§H$S>rb bmoH$m§Mo aUH§$XZ _mOyZ ImZmMo da MTy>Z Ambobo~hþVoH$ bmoH$ Ibmg Pmbo. _moamon§V, ZoVmOr dJ¡ao gaXmam§Zt g§Ho$Vmà_mUo {H$„çmdanm§M Vmo\$m hmoVm§M eÌyÀ`m g¡Ý`mda h„m H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mr H$Îmb CS>{dbr. h| g¡Ý`AWm©V² ~a|M ~o\$m_ hmoV|; Am{U Vmo\$m gwQ>ë`m Ë`m ^oQ> Pmë`mÀ`m gwMZogmR>tAgmì`m Ag| Ë`m§g dmQ>ë`m_wi| Vo A{YH$M Jm\$sb Pmbo hmoVo.

øm JXuVyZ ImZmM| àoV nmbIrV KmbyZ Ë`mMo bmoH$ Imbt ZoV AgVm§ EgmOrH§$H$ d VmZmOr _mbwgao m§Zr Ë`mÀ`m nmbIr_mJyZ YmdV OmD$Z mo`m§Mo nm` VmoSy>ZnmbIr Imbt nmS>br Am{U ImZmM| {ea VmoSy>Z JS>mda ZoD$Z Xodrg dm{hbo.

øm aUm§V ImZmMo Oo bmoH$ nmS>md Pmbo Ë`m§Zm _hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m Zoh_rÀ`mH«$_mg AZwgê$Z _moR>çm Am¡Xm`m©Z§o d __VoZo dmJ{dbo d Ë`m§À`m mo½`Voà_mU| Ë`m§ZmdmQ>IM©, KmoS>r dJ¡ao XoD$Z {dOmnwamg admZm Ho$b|. hm Ë`m§Mm WmoanUm nmhÿZ ImZmÀ`mg¡Ý`mVbo Oo _amR>o {enmB© nmS>md Pmbo hmoVo Vo _hmamOmnmer ZmoH$arg am{hbo. ømdoit Pw§Omaamd KmQ>Jo øm Zm§dmMm EH$ _moR>m gaXma _hmamOm§À`m hmVt bmJbmhmoVm. Ë`mMm ~mn ehmOramOm§Mm _moR>m ñZohr hmoVm, åhUyZ Ë`mbm Amnë`m nXaramhÊ`mMm _hmamOm§Zt AmJ«h Ho$bm, na§Vw Vmo H$m§ht Ho$ë`m EoHo$Zm. Voìhm§ Ë`mbmdómb§H$ma dJ¡ao XoD$Z _moR>çm gÝ_mZmZo {dOmnwamg nmR>{db|. øm bT>mB©VA\$PwbImZmMm _wbJm \$mObImZ hm Km`mi hmoD$Z amZmdZm§V ^Q>H$V AgVm§Ë`mbm I§S>wOr H$mH$So> Zm§dmÀ`m EH$m Bg_mZo nH$S>bo. Voìhm§ Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z H$m§htbmM {_imë`m_wi| I§S>yOrZo Ë`mbm _hmamOm§H$So> Z ZoVm gmoSy>Z {Xb|. øm JwÝøm~ÔbË`mbm _hmamOm§Zr Xohm§VemgZ {Xb|.

øm bT>mB©V _hmamOm§g nwîH$i byQ> {_imbr. eonmD$Ueo hÎmr, gmVAmR> hOmaKmoS>r, hOma~mameo C§Q>, gJim Vmo\$ImZm, XmoZVrZ hOma ~¡b, _moham, hmoZ, dJ¡aoamoI ZmUo Xhm~mam bjm§Mo, gmoZo, aËZo, _moË o-dJ¡ao OS>Odmhra XmoZVrZ bj qH$_VrMo,

57

H$mnS> gw_ma| XmoZhOma AmoPr, S>oao, amhþQ>çm, nmbo dJ¡ao ñdmarÀ`m Cn`moJmMo _w~bH$gm_mZ BVH$s bwQ> Ë`m§g {_imbr. `m{edm` AmUIr ImZmÀ`m bîH$am§Vb| nwîH$i_amR>o {enmB© _hmamOm§Mr _Xþ©_H$s d Am¡Xm © nmhÿZ Ë`m§À`m ZmoH$arg _moR>çm IwfrZ|am{hbo. ømà_mU| _hmamOm§À`m bîH$am§V nwîH$i ^aVr Pmbr.

Amnë`m g¡Ý`mMr hmbhdmb _hmamOm§Zt àË`j OmD$Z nm{hbr. wÕm§V Km`mihmoD$Z Oo ~oOma Pmbo hmoVo Ë`m§Mr ewlyfm `mo½` àH$mao ìhmdr Aer Ë`m§Zt VOdrOH$a{dbr. Ë`m§Zt àË oH$mH$So> ñdV: OmD$Z Ë`mMm nam_f© KoVbm d Ë`mÀ`mer _Ywad CÎmoOZna ^mfU H$ê$Z Ë`mÀ`m doXZm§Mo Ë`mbm \$mag§o H$m§ht Z dmQ>og| Ho$b|.aUm_Ü | nS>boë`m EHy$UEH$ {enm`mMr mXr Ë`m§Zt H$a{dbr, d Ë`m§À`m ~m`H$m_wbm§M|g_mYmZ H$ê$Z d AmœmgZ XoD$Z Ë`m§À`m {Zdm©hmgmR>r Ë`mg doVZo H$ê$Z {Xbr.

bT>mB©V Km`mi Pmboë`m {enm`m§À`m OI_m àË`j S>moù`m§Zr nmhÿZ Ë`m§À`m_mZmZ| H$moUm§g XmoZeo, H$moUmg e§^a, H$moUm§g nmD$Ueo Ago hmoZ Ë`m§Zt ~jrg{Xbo; {edm` Á`m§À`mË`m§À`m `mo½`Voà_mUo H$moUmg nmJmoQ>t, H$moUmg H$S>r dJ¡aoBZm_| {Xbt. Oo daÀ`m XaOmMo Ow_bo d gaXma hmoVo Ë`m§g ^§{Xbo, PJo, gmoÝ`mMrH$S>r¨, H§$R>_mbm, {eanoM, _moË`m§Mo Vwao, Am§JR>çm, KmoS>r dJ¡ao BZm_| Ë`m§Zt {Xbr.Á`m§Mr Oer _Xþ©_H$s ZOaog Ambr {VÀ`m _mZmZ| Ë`m§Mr ~T>Vr Ë`m§Zr Ho$br. H$moUrnm`Ximn¡H$s hmoVo Ë`m§g KmoS>r {Xbr, H$moUm§g gaXmè`m {Xë`m, H$moUm§g nmb»`m dA~Xm{Jè`m {Xë`m. wÕm§V nS>boë`m Á`m moX²Ü`m§Mo _wbJo ÁdmZ hmoVo Ë`m§g ~mobmdyZAmUyZ ZmoH$arg R>o{dbo. BZm_| d ~T>Ë`m XoÊ`mMm hm g_ma§^ _hmamOmZr gJù`mbmoH$m§g O_dyZ Ë`m§À`m g_j Ho$bm; d Á`m§Zt _Xþ©_H$s Ho$br hmoVr Ë`m§Mr Vmar\$à{gÕnU| Ho$br. Ë`m_wi| gdmªg A{Ve{`V CËgmh d CÎmoOZ àmßV Pmbo; Am{U_hmamOm§À`m R>m`rMo h| Am¡Xm ©, hm X`miynUm, d JwUm§Mr ~yO H$aÊ`mMr hr CËH¥$ï>nÕV nmhÿZ Ë`m§Mr ZmoH$ar {deofM Omo_mZo, CËgmhmZ| d B_mZmZo H$aÊ`mMm hþê$nàË oH$mg Ambm. øm doit Vo H¥$îUmOr ^mñH$a d n§VmOr JmonrZmW øm d{H$bm§MrCÎm_ H$m_{Jar {dgabo ZmhtV. Ë`m§g Ë`m§Zt nwîH$i Ðì` XoD$Z EH$EH$ Jm§d BZm_{Xbm, Am{U {dœmgamdmZo hoamMo H$m_ CÎm_ Ho$ë`m~Ôb Ë`mbm{h _moR>o ~jrg {Xb|.

hr _moR>r \$Îmo Pmë`m~Ôb àVmnJS>mda d BVa {R>H$mUr AmZ§XmoËgd Ho$bm.hÎmrdê$Z eH$am dm§Q>ë`m. ~«m÷Um§g moOZo d X{jUm {Xë`m. JmoaJ[a~m§g I¡amV Ho$br.

A\$PwbImZmMm dY

g§{já {edM[aÌ58

_hmñWbrMo {gÕ, gmYw, Jmogmdr `m§g nyOmonMmamW© Ðì` nmR>{dbo. VwiOmnya,n§T>anya, qeJUmnya, dJ¡ao {R>H$mUMr XodñWmZo ^«ï>> H$aUmè`m `dZmMm Agm dYPmbm Vmo nwamUm§V d{U©boë`m EH$m§Úm amjgm§À`m dYmgmaIm bmoH$m§Zm dmQ>bm.Ë`mMm Zme Pmbm `mV H$m§htVar B©œar gyÌ Amho Aer Ë`m§À`m _ZmMr ^mdZmPmbr. gdm©À`m öX`m§V ñdXoem{^_mZmM| dma| g§Mab|; Am{U hm {dO` Pmbm VmogJù`m qhXÿ amï´>mMm Pmbm Ag| _mZyZ bmoH$m§Zr VËàrË`W© _moR>m CËgd Ho$bm. Ag|gm§JVmV H$s {OOm~mB©Zo A\$PwbImZmÀ`m dYmMo dU©Z EH$m em{hamH$Sy>Z nmodmS>çmÀ`mê$nmZ| H$adyZ Ë`mbm EH$ eoa gmoZ| d EH$ KmoS>m BZm_ {Xbm.

A\$PwbImZmM| {ea {H$„çmg_moa nwê$Z Ë`mÀ`mda EH$ ~wê$O ~m§{Ybm dË`mg A\$Pwb~wê$O Ag| Zm§d {Xb|. hm {dO` AmnUm§g VwiOmnyaÀ`m ^dmZrÀ`màgmXmZo àmá Pmbm Ag| _mZyZ _hmamOm§Zr {VÀ`m Z_wÝ`m~ahþHy$_ EH$ Mm§Jbr _y{V©KS>dyZ àVmnJS>mda {VMr ñWmnZm Ho$br d {VÀ`mgmR>r EH$ gw§Xa Xodmb` ~m§{Yb|.øm Xodmb`m§V {ZË`nyOm, Z¡dÚ d ~«måhU^moOZ| H$aÊ`mgmR>r ~«m÷U dJ¡ao Zo_yZË`m§g VZIo bmdyZ {Xbo. Xodmb`m§V CËgdm{X Vw§iOmnwamà_mU| ìhmdo åhUyZ Ë`m§À`mIMm©gmR>r XmJXm{JZo d dóo _w~bH$ {Xbr.

A\$PwbImZmMm dY hmoD$Z Ë`mO~amo~a Jobobr gmar \$m¡O JmaX Pmë`mModV©_mZ A{Xbehm d Ë`mMr AmB© ~S>rgmho~rU `m§g H$ibo Voìhm§ Ë`m§Zm namH$ï>oMoXþ…I Pmb|. Vt VrZ {Xdg AÞgodZ Z H$[aVm§ nb§Jmda nSy>Z aS>V hmoVt. nmVemhrZm¡~V VrZ {Xdg ~§X nS>br. AmVm§ A{Xbem{hMr YS>JV {XgV Zmht; {edmOr_hmamOAmnë`m {dO`r \$m¡Oo{Zet MmbyZ oD$Z {dOmnya eha hñVJV H$[aVmV Am{U A{XbemhrnmVemhV ~wS>{dVmV Agm YmH$ A_raC_amdm§g nSy>Z Vo qMVmH«$m§V Pmbo.

øm A\$PwbImZm{df`tMr EH$ X§VH$Wm Aer Amho H$s Vmo {edmOr _hmamOm§da_mohr_ H$amd`mg {ZKmbm Voìhm VrV Amnbm Zme hmoUma Aer Ë`mÀ`m _ZmMr^mdZm hmoD$Z Ë`mZ| Amnë`m 63 ~m`H$m hmoË`m Ë`m§Zm EH$dQ> Ho$ë`m Am{U EH$mS>mohm§V Amnë`m hmVmZo bmoQy>Z XoD$Z ~wS>dyZ _m[aë`m!Amnë`m nümV nanwéfm§À`mhmVt Ë`m bmJy§ Z oV åhUyZ Ë`mZ| h| AË §V A_mZwf H¥$Ë` Ho$b| Ag| åhUVmV.{dOmnwamg OmUmè`m àdmem§Zm hm S>moh AOyZ XmI{dVmV.

***

59

^mJ ~mamdm

{dOmnyaH$am§g hVdr`© Ho$b|(gZ 1659-60)

A\$PwbImZmMm dY H$ê$Z Ë`mÀ`m _moR>çm g¡Ý`mMm nwam Zme Ho$ë`mda_hmamOm§Mm YmH$ Mmohm|H$So> ~gyZ Ë`m§Zm ñdamÁ`{dñVmamM| nwT>rb H$m`© {deofgwb^ Pmbo. Ë`m gaH$mamMo AmUIr {H$„o d àm§V H$m~rO H$aÊ`mg Ë`m§Zm AmVm§\$mago H${R>U Job| Zmhr.

{dOmnyaH$am§Mm nÝhmim {H$„m \$ma _O~yV d Mm§Jbm hmoVm. Ë`mdarb {H$„oXmabmM KoD$Z AmnU hmoD$Z {H$„m ñdmYrZ H$ê$Z XoÊ`mg V`ma Pmbm. Voìhm AÞmOrXÎmmo Zm§dmÀ`m Amnë`m EH$m gaXmambm H$m§ht _mdù`m§gh Ë`m {H$„çmda _hmamOm§ZrnmR>{db|, Am{U Ë`m {H$„oXmamZo Vmo {H$„m g. 1659 À`m Am³Q>mo~a _{hÝ`m§V{~ZhaH$V ñdmYrZ H$ê$Z {Xbm. nmdZJS> AgmM Ë`m§À`m H$~Om§V Ambm. ho {H$„oVmã`m§V Amë`mda _hmamOm§Zr dg§VJS> N>mnm KmbyZ KoVbm; Am{U H¥$îUm ZXrÀ`mXmoÝhr Vram§darb àm§Vm§V Amnbm A§_b ~gdyZ ~Îmrg {eamimÀ`m JT>rn ªV AmnbtR>mUt Vo ~gdrV Jobo.

nÝhmim H$~Om§V Amë`mda _hmamO Ë`m JS>mda OmD$Z am{hbo, Am{U VoWyZgømÐrÀ`m _mÏ`mdarb d Ë`mImbrb ~hþVoH$ {H$„o Ë`m§Zt bT>mB© dJ¡ao \$maer ZH$[aVm§ Amnë`m Vmã`m§V KoVbo. am§JUm d IoiUm øm {H$„çm§da _mÌ N>mnm KmbyZË`m§g bT>mdo bmJb|. IobUm {H$„m ga H$amd`mg Ë`m§Zm ~aoM à`mg nS>bo åhUyZË`mM| Zm§d Ë`m§Zt {demiJS> Ag| R>o{dbo. ømà_mU| gJim H$moëhmnyaàm§V d Ë`m§Vrb{H$„o> _hmamOm§Zr A\$PwwbImZmMm dY Ho$ë`mda XmoZVrZ _{hÝ`mÀ`m AdH$mem§V KoVbo.

øm doit {_aO oWo éñV_ O_mZ ZmdmMm EH$ gaXma {dOmnyaH$am§Zr R>o{dbmAgyZ Ë`mÀ`m hmVt H$moëhmnwamnmgyZ aËZm{Jarn ©VÀ`m àm§VmMr ì`dñWm Ago. na§Vw

g§{já {edM[aÌ60

Ë`mZ| _hmamOm§À`m da {ZqX©ï> Ho$boë`m Ym_Yw_rg _wir à{V~§Y Ho$bm Zmhr. `mMoH$maU Ag| H$r Ë`mÀ`mOdi g¡Ý`~i \$mag| ZgyZ _hmamOm§Mm Ë`mbm _moR>m YmH$hmoVm. A{XbehmZ| Ë`mbm _hmamOm§da MmbyZ OmD$Z Ë`m§À`m§er gm_Zm H$amd`mggm§{JVb|. Voìhm§ Vmo {Zénm` hmoD$Z nÝhmù`mOdi MmbyZ Jobm. Ë`mMm _hmamOm§Ztnwam _moS>m H$ê$Z Ë`mbm H¥$îUonma KmbdyZ {Xb|; BVH|$M Zìho, Va Ë`mMm nmR>bmJH$arV H$arV Vo WoQ> {dOmnwamn ©V Jobo. dmQ>oV Ë`m§Zt _moR>_moR>o Jmd bwQy>Z noR>m hmoË`mË`m§da XñV ~g{dbm. éñV_O_mZ {dOmnwam§V {eabm Ag| nmhÿZ Vo naV _moR>çmdoJmZo {ZKyZ {demiJS>mda Ambo; Am{U VoWyZ bmJbrM H$m|H$Um§V CVê$Z {VH$S>rb~§Xao d eha| H$m~rO H$aÊ`mMm Ë`m§Zt gnmQ>m Mmb{dbm. Ë`m doit MoD$b eha _moR>|gYZ hmoV|. Ë`m§V {eê$Z Ë`m§Zt V| VrZ {Xdg `WoÀN> bwQ>bo.

hr Aer {dbjU Ym_Yy_ MmbdyZ A{Xbemhr A_b H$_Omoa H$ê$Z g§nwï>m§VAmUÊ`mMm H«$_ _hmamOm§Zr EH$gmaIm Mmby R>o{dbm. Voìhm§ Ë`m§À`m nm[anË`mgmR>rAmVm H$moUmg nmR>dmdo hm {dMma {dOmnya Xa~mamg nS>bm. Ë`m§À`mda _mohr_H$aÊ`mg H$moUr{h gaXma H$~yb hmoB©Zm. A\$PwbImZmMm _wbJm \$mObImZ hmAmnë`m ~mnmMm gyS> CJ{dÊ`mgmR>r A{Xbehmnmer Zoh_r AOrOr H$arV Ago.nU Ë`mbm EH$Q>çmbm _hmamOm§da _mohr_ H$aÊ`mMr N>mVr ZìhVr. øm doit {eÔrOmohma ZmdmMm EH$ h~er gaXma A{XbehmÀ`m nXar hmoVm, Ë`mÀ`mda Ë`mMrAdH¥$nm Pmbr hmoVr. Ë`mbm Ë`mZ| Ag| gm§JyZ nmR>{db| H$s¨ Vy§ {edmOrda _mohr_H$ê$Z Ë`mMr ImoS§> _moSy>Z oerb Va Vwbm Amåhr _moR>çm `mo½`Vog MT>dy. hm gaXmaOmË`m _moR>m eya d qh_VXma Agë`m_wi| Ë`mZ§o hr H$m_{Jar nVH$abr; Am{U\$mObImZ Ë`mÀ`m~amo~a {ZKmbm. ømM doit O§{Oè`mÀ`m {eÔrbm Am{U dmS>rÀ`mgmd§Vmbm _hmamOm§À`m Vmã`m§Vrb H$m|H$UnÅ>rda ñdmar H$amd`mg A{XbemhmZ|gm§{JVb|.

eÌy§H$Sy>Z øm Aem Mmohm|H$Sy>Z hmoUmè`m h„çmg Q>¸$a XoÊ`mMr _hmamOm§ZtH$So>H$moQ> V`mar Ho$br. aKwZmWn§Vmg O§{Oè`mÀ`m {eÔret Pw§Omd`mg nmR>{db|;H$ë`mU{^d§S>rÀ`m ajUmMr H$m_{Jar Am~mOr gmoZXodmH$So> gmon{dbr; ~mOrnmgbH$amg dmS>rÀ`m gmd§Vm§er Q>¸$a Úmd`mg nmR>{db|; KmQ>mdarb nwa§Xa, qghJS>dJ¡ao {H$„çmMo ajU H$aÊ`mg _moamon§Vmbm Zo{_bo; nÝhmù`mÀ`m ~MmdmM| H$m_

61

ñdV… nVH$ê$Z Ë`mda Vo _moR>çm ~§Xmo~ñVmZ| am{hbo; Am{U {eÔr Omohmam§À`m g¡Ý`mda~mhoê$Z nwZ…nwZ: N>mno KmbyZ Ë`mg h¡amU H$aÊ`mM| H$m_ Ë`m§Zt ZoVmOr nmbH$amggm§{JVb|.

{edmOr _hmamO nÝhmù`mda AmhoV Ag| H$iVm§M {eÔr OmohmamZ| Ë`m {H$„çmg_O~yV doT>m {Xbm. ZoVmOr Ë`m§À`m g¡Ý`mda amÌrMo N>mno Kmbr d Ë`mMr agX ~§XH$ê$Z Ë`mg XmUmd¡aU {_ioZmgo H$ê$Z Ë`mbm AJXr h¡amU H$ar. na§Vw {eÔr OmohmamZ|nwam ZoQ> Yê$Z Amnbm doT>m CÎmamoÎma A{YH$M _O~yV Ho$bm. Voìhm Ë`mÀ`m VmdS>rVyZgwQy>Z OmÊ`mMr _hmamOm§Zr EH$ wpŠV `mo{Obr, Vr Aer: Ë`m§Zt Ë`m gaXmambmAgm {Zamon nmR>{dbm H$s¨ Amåhr {H$„m ñdmYrZ H$ê$Z XoÊ`mg V`ma Amhmo, VarAm_À`m {Odmg H$mhrEH$ YmoH$m hmoUma Zmht Ag| A^` {Xë`mg Amåhr ñdV…{H$„çmÀ`m ImbÀ`m _mMrda VhmM| ~mobUoH$aÊ`mH$[aVm§ oVmo. hm {Zamon EoHy$Z{eÔrg _moR>m AmZ§X Pmbm, d Ë`mZ| Ë`mg A^`dMZ {Xb|. _J _hmamOmZr R>aë`mà_mU|g§Ü`mH$miÀ`m doit ImbÀ`m _mMrda OmD$Z Ë`mÀ`mer VhmÀ`m H$b_m§Mr dmQ>mKmQ>gwê$ Ho$br. nU amÌ \$ma Pmë`m_wi| gJio H$ama_Xma CX{`H$ Z¸$s H$ê$ Ag| ~mobyZVo naV Ho$„çmda Jobo. BH$So> {edmOr _hmamO eaU Ambo Ag| g_OyZ {eÔrMobmoH$ {H$„çmdaMm _mam ~§X H$ê$Z _Om _marV am{hbo. ømà_mU| Vo Jm\$sb d~o\$m_ hmoD$Z ñdñW KmoaV nS>bo AgVm§ _hamO Amnë`m {ZdS>H$ _mdù`m§{Zet_Ü`amÌrÀ`m H$mimoIm§V {H$„çmImbr CVê$Z eÌyÀ`m JamS>çm§VyZ ~oYS>H$ {ZgQy>ZJobo, Am{U {demiJS>mH$S>o Xm¡S> H$arV Mmbbo.

{edmOr _hmamO niyZ Joë`mMo H$ië`mda \$mObImZ Amnbo KmoS>Xi KoD$ZË`m§À`m nmR>bmJmg {ZKmbm, Am{U Ë`mÀ`m_mJyZ nm`Xi{h {ZKmbo. BH$So> _hmamO{demiJS>mnmgyZ ghm _¡bmda KmQ> MTy> bmJbo Voìhm Amnë`m _mJyZ eÌy§Zr EH$X_bJQ> H$ê$ Z o åhUyZ Ë`m§Zt KmQ>mÀ`m pI§S>rV ~mOr Xoenm§S>çmbm H$m§ht _mdù`mghR>odyZ gm§{JVbo H$s¨ AmnU {H$ëë`mda OmD$Z nm§M Vmo\$m gmoS>rVmo§da eÌyg VoW|AS>dyZ R>odmdo. øm hþH$_mà_mU| Ë`m§Zt _wgb_mZmÀ`m KmoS>Ximer d nm`Ximer~amM doi Q>¸$a XoD$Z Ë`m§g qIS>rnmer Wmon{dbo. øm doir C^` njm§H$S>Mo bmoH$_moR>çm AmdoemZo bT>bo. ~mOr Xoenm§S>o Va øm aUH§$XUmV R>ma Pmbm. na§Vw Ë`mM|àmUmoËH«$_U hmoÊ`mnydu {H$ëë`mdê$Z nm§M Vmo\$m§Mr ga~Îmr Pmbobr Eo{H$br Voìhm§

{dOmnyaH$am§g hVdr`© Ho$b| (gZ 1659-60)

g§{já {edM[aÌ62

Vmo B_mZr dra _aUdoXZm bmJë`m hmoË`m Var AmZ§X nmdbm. AmnUm§da gmon{dbobrH$m_{Jar AmnU _Xþ©_H$sZo nma nmS>br d ñdm{_H$m`u Amnbm àmU IMu nS>bm`m~Ôb Ë`mg nyU© g_mYmZ dmQ>bo. Amnbm eya gaXma nS>bm d AmnUm§g Zo_yZ{Xbobr H$m_{Jar{h AmQ>monbr Ag| nmhÿZ _mdio amZm§V dmQ> gmnSo>b {VH$So> nm§Jbo dgJio {H$ëë`mda MTy>Z Jobo. OmVm§Zm Ë`m§Zt Amnë`m eya gaXmamMo àoV dmhÿZ Zobo.

qIS>rdarb _mdio ngma Pmbo Voìhm§ eÌyM| g¡Ý` KmQ> MTy>Z {H$ëë`mImbrAmbo. na§Vw Ë`mbm _moM} bmdyZ doT>m XoÊ`mMo H$m_ _moR>o {~H$Q> AgyZ AmgnmgMoZÚmZmbo gm\$ dmiyZ Joë`m§_wio Ë`m§Mm {Q>H$md {ZKÊ`mgmaIm ZìhVm. {eÔr OmohmanÝhmù`mImbMm Vi CR>dyZ \$mObImZmÀ`m Hw$_Ho$g oÊ`mg H$~yb ZìhVm. åhUyZ{Zénm` hmoD$Z Ë`mbm na§V nÝhmù`mH$So> `md| bmJb|. nÝhmù`m§À`m ajUmMo H$m__hmamOm§Zr amKmo ~„mi mg gm§{JVb| hmoVo. Ë`mZ| Vmo {H$„m _moR>çm hþemarZ| bT>{dbm.{edm` Ë`mbm ~mhoê$Z{h Mm§Jbr Hw$_H$ {_imbr. doT>çm§Vë`m bmoH$m§da _hmamOm§Mog¡Ý` dma§dma N>mno KmbyZ Ë`m§g h¡amU H$ê$ bmJbo. BVŠ`m§V nmdgmù`mMo {XdgAmbo. Voìhm§ doT>m nwT>| ZoQ>mZ§o KmbyZ amhUo eÌybm XþamnmñV Pmb|. {eÔrMr ~arM \$m¡OIbmg Pmbr AgyZ Cabobo bmoH$ naV ñdXoer Omd`mg CËH§${R>V Pmbo. åhUyZË`mbm {Zénm`mñVd {dOmnwamg naV Omdo bmJb|.

ømà_mUo [dOmnyaH$am§À`m øm _mo{h_oMm eodQ> hmoD$Z _hmamO {dO`r Pmë`mdaÁ`m EH$m Agm_mÝ` dramÀ`m _Xþ©_H$s_wi| Ë`m§À`m àmUmdaM| g§H$Q> Q>ibo hmoV|Ë`mÀ`m {df`tMr H¥$VkVm ì`º$ H$aÊ`mg _hmamO {dgabo ZmhtV. ~mOr Xoenm§S>çmMmdS>rb _wbJm ~mimOr ~mOr åhUyZ hmoVm, Ë`mbm Ë`m§Zt ~mobmdyZ AmUyZ Ë`mM|g_mYmZ Ho$bo d Ë`mbm Ë`mÀ`m ~mnmMr gaXmar {Xbr. øm ~mimOrMo gmV ^mD$hmoVo, Ë`m§g{h _hmamOm§Zr Mm§Jbo hþÔo XoD$Z Amnë`m nXar R>o{dbo. Ë`mà_mUoM amKmo~„mi AÌo mZ| _moR>çm hþemarZo, Y¡`m©Zo d B_mZmZo nÝhmim {H$„m eÌyer eodQ>n ©VbT>{dbm, Am{U {eÔr Omohma Oar Ë`mbm bmM XoD$Z {\$Vya H$ê$ nmhV hmoVm VarË`mZ| B_mZ gmoS>bo Zmht, åhUyZ Ë`mbm _hmamOm§Zr Mm§Jbr ~T>Vr XoD$Z nÝhmim{H$„m d Ë`m ImbMm àm§V `m§Mm gw^m gm§{JVbm.

ømà_mUo KmQ>mda Ym_Yy_ Mmbbr AgVm§ Imbr H$moH$Um§V aKwZmWn§VmgO§{Oè`mÀ`m {eÔrer bT>Ê`mM| H$m_ gm§{JVb| hmoV|. Ë`mZ| {eÔrer AZoH$ gm_Zo

63

H$ê$Z Ë`mbm AJXt Ooarg Am{Ubo, Am{U Ë`mÀ`m Vmã`m§Vbm X§S>mamOnwarMm gJimàm§V H$m~rO Ho$bm. Voìhm§ {Zénm` hmoD$Z {eÔrZ| aKwZmWn§Vmer Vh Ho$bm Am{UË`mMm ~hþ_mZ H$ê$Z Ë`mg C§Mr nmofmI d KmoS>m ZOa Ho$bm. {dOmnyaH$am§À`mhþH$_mdê$Z dmS>rÀ`m gmdVmZt{h øm doir _hmamOm§er eÌwËd àJQ> Ho$bo hmoVo.Ë`m§À`mer Q> $a XoÊ`mMr H$m_{Jar ~mOr nmgbH$amg gm§{JVbr hmoVr. Ë`mZ| Ë`m§À`merAZoH$ gm_Zo H$ê$Z O` {_i{dbm. eodQ>r gmd§Vm§Zm {eÔrMr Hw$_H$ {_iyZ Ë`m§ZtnmgbH$amer amOmnwamnmer gm_Zm {Xbm. C^` njm§Mo bmoH$ _moR>çm AmdoemZo bT>bo.nmgbH$a ñdV: hmVm§V {\$a§J KoD$Z aUmV bT>V hmoVm. Ë`mMr H$m`gmd§Vmer JmR>nSy>Z XmoKmM| Û§Û wÕ> Ow§nbo. XmoKo{h dra _moR>o ~bdmZ² d wÕHw$eb Agë`m_wi|Ë`m§Mr PQ>mnQ> _moR>çm {ZH$amMr Pmbr. Ë`m§Zt EH$_oH$m§g _moR>çm OI_m Ho$ë`m;Am{U eodQ>r Vo nañnam§À`m dmam§Zr EHo$M doit g_am§JUm§V nSy>Z JVàmU Pmbo.nmgbH$a nS>bm Var Ë`mÀ`m bmoH$m§Zr Yra Z gmoS>Vm eÌyer eodQ>n ªV bTy>Z Ë`mMmnwam _moS> Ho$bm. ~mOr nmgbH$a YmamVrWu nS>ë`mMo EoHy$Z _hmamOmg AVmoZmV Xþ…IPmbo. Amnbm AË §V B_mZr d {OdbJ {_Ì d _moR>m eya gaXma AmnUmg {eÔrÀ`md gmd§VmÀ`m d¡am_wio A§Vabm, ho _Zm§V oD$Z Ë`m§g Mm§Jbr {ejm H$aÊ`mMm {ZYm©a_hmamOm§Zr Ho$bm.

{eÔr Omohma d \$mObImZ nwîH$i g¡Ý`mMr d Ðì`mMr Iam~r H$ê$Z aS>V naVAmbo Voìhm§ {dOmnyaXa~mam§V _moR>rM Ii~i CS>mbr. {edmOrgmaIm `…H${üVOhmJraXma Agm {eaOmoa hmoD$Z Amnë`m _moR>çmoR>çm gaXmam§g Zm_moha_ H$[aVmo h|H$mhr R>rH$ Zìho; Var AmnU ñdV… _moR>r goZm KoD$Z Ë`mÀ`mda ñdmar H$ê$Z Ë`mMmnwam Zm`ZmQ> H$amdm Agm {Zü` H$ê$Z A{Xbehm ñdV… _mo{h_og {ZKmbm; Am{U_hmamOm§À`m Vmã`m§V Jobobo EH$ EH$ {H$„o hñVJV H$aÊ`mMm gnmQ>m Ë`mZ| Mmb{dbm._hmamOm§Mr ~arM \$m¡O øm doit H$_r Pmbr AgyZ A{XbehmÀ`m àM§S> g¡Ý`mgVm|S> {Xë`mZo Amnbo AmUIr bmoH$ Ibmg hmoVrb Ag| Ë`m§Zm dmQ>b|. Var {H$„oH$m~rO H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$m_m§V Ë`mMo ~aoMgo bmoH$ H$_r Pmbo åhUOo Ë`mÀ`mer gm_ZmH$ê$Z {dO` {_i{dUo gmono OmB©b, d Vmo H$m~rO H$arb Vo {H$„o ghO naV KoVmoVrb Agm {dMma H$ê$Z Vo ~mXehmÀ`m dmQ>og Z OmVm§ H$m|H$Um§V CVabo.


g§{já {edM[aÌ64

Ë`m§Zr amOmnwamda h„m H$ê$Z Vo hñVJV Ho$bo. øm ehamV B§J«O ì`mnmè`m§MrdIma hmoVr. Ë`m§M| øm doit _moR>o ZwH$gmZ Pmb|. Ë`m dImardaÀ`m {a[ìh½Q>Z,{O\$S©> dJ¡ao Mma B§J«O ì`mnmè`m§g Ë`m§Zr H¡$X H$ê$Z Zobo. B§J«O ì`mnmè`m§da hmAgm amJ H$mT>Ê`mMo H$maU Ag| H$s¨ {eÔr OmohmamZ| nÝhmù`mg doT>m KmVbm hmoVmVoìhm§ Ë`m§Zt Ë`mg Xmê$Jmoim nwadyZ _XV Ho$br hmoVr. BVH|$M Zìho Va Ðì`bmo^mZ|Ë`m§Zt {eÔr OmohmamÀ`m bîH$amV OmD$Z EH$ àH$maMo Hw$bnr Jmoio {H$ëë`mdagmoS>Ê`mMo H$m_ Ho$b| hmoV|. VrZ dfm©Z§Va Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z I§S> KoD$Z Ë`m§g ~§Y_wº$Ho$b|.

amOmnya hñVJV Ho$ë`mda _hmamOm§Zt e¥§JmanwamH$So> Amnbm _moMm© {\$a{dbm.e§¥Jmanwamg gwd} øm AmS>ZmdmMm EH$ _amR>m gaXma ñdV§ÌnU| amÁ` H$arV hmoVm. VmoZoh_t AmgnmgÀ`m _wbImV nw§S>mdm H$arV Ago. Ë`mÀ`mda ñdmar H$ê$Z _hmamOm§ZrË`mMm _moS> Ho$bm. bT>mB©V gwd} nS>bm. øm gwwì`m©À`m nXar {eaHo$ åhUyZ EH$ {XdmUhmoVm. Vmo bT>mB©VyZ {ZgQy>Z niyZ Jobm. nU Vmo {eÔrÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo nwZ… Ym_Yy_H$arb Ago dmQy>Z _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mbm e¥§Jmanya dJ¡ao H$m§ht Jm§d BZm_ H$ê$Z {Xbo dAmnbm Vm~oXma Ho$b|.

BVŠ`m§V nmdgmim gwê$ Pmbm. Var _hmamOm§Zr H$moH$UmVbr _mohr_ ~§X ZR>o{dVm§ O§{Oè`mÀ`m {eÔrer bTy>Z Ë`mM| g_yi CËnmQ>Z H$aÊ`mMm {Zü` Ho$bm.H$maU nmdgmim g§non ªV Wm§~ë`mg dmS>rMo gmd§V d {dOmnyaH$a `m§M| Ë`mbmgmhmæ` {_imë`mZ| Ë`mbm {OH$U| H$R>rU OmB©b Ag| Ë`m§Zm dmQ>b|. _hmamOm§Zr{eÔrda ñdmar H$aÊ`mg ì §H$mOrn§Vmg nmR>{db|. Ë`mZ| X§S>mamOnwar d AmgnmgMm~amM àm§V H$m~rO Ho$bm. hm àm§V Amnë`m hmVr H$m`_Mm amhmdm åhUyZ _hmamOm§ZtË`m§V {H$„o ~m§YyZ Ë`mda nmMghm hOma bmoH$ R>o{dbo. øm doit {eÔrÀ`m Vmã`m§VEH$ O§{Oam VodT>m am{hbm.

{VH$So> KmQ>mda A{XbehmZo Mmb{dbobr _mohr_ nmdgmù`m_wio ~§X nS>br;Am{U Vmo {M_bJo oW| Vi XoD$Z am{hbm. nmdgmim g§në`mda _hmamOm§Mm nwamZme H$aÊ`mMm Ë`mZ| {Zü` Ho$bm. nU BVŠ`m§V H$Zm©Q>H$m§Vrb Ë`mÀ`m _wbIm§V_moR>r ~§S>mir gwê$ hmoD$Z Ë`mMr {VH$S>rb gÎmm gm\$ Zmhrer hmoÊ`mMr Ë`mbm ^r{VnS>br. åhUyZ _hmamOm§À`m _mJyZ Ymdni H$arV amhÊ`mMo VyV© a{hV H$ê$Z H$Zm©Q>H$m§V

65

\$m¡O KoD$Z Omdo Agm Ë`mbm g„m {_imbm. åhUyZ Ë`mZ| _hmamï´>m§Vbr Amnbr\$m¡O H$Zm©Q>H$ àm§Vm§V Zobr; Am{U dmS>rMo Xoe_wI bI_ gmd§V d Io_ gmd§V m§Zm_wYmoiÀ`m ~mOr KmoanS>çmZo d ~{hbmobImZmZo _XV H$ê$Z {edmOr _hmamOm§erbT>mdo Ago Ë`mZ| \$_m©{dbo. nU ~mOr KmoanSo> _hmamï´>m§V Amnë`m Ohm{JarÀ`mJm§dt Amë`mMo H$iVmM _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mÀ`mda AH$ñ_mV h„m H$ê$Z Ë`mMm H$gmg§hma H$ê$Z Amnë`m {nË`mMm gyS> CJ{dbm h| _mJ| gm§{JVb|M Amho. øm gaXmamÀ`mOmJr Am{XbehmZ| IdmgImZmMr Zo_UyH$ Ho$br. na§Vw Ë`mbm{h Ë`mZ| H$Zm©Q>H$m§V~mobmdyZ KoVb|: Voìhm AWm©V² dmS>rMo gmd§V EH$Q>oM Cabo. Ë`m§Zt _hmamOm§erbT>Ê`mgmR>r AmnU hmoD$Z A{Xbehmnmer _XV _m{JVbr hmoVr. åhUyZ Ë`m§ZmMm§Jbr {ejm H$aÊ`mMm {Zü` H$ê$Z _hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§À`m _wbImda ñdmar Ho$br dË`m§À`mer wÕ Ama§{^bo. Ë`m§Mo Hw$S>mi, ~m§X| dJ¡ao àm§V Ë`m§Zt H$m~rO Ho$bo. Ë`mgmd§Vm§Zm {dOmnwamH$Sy>Z _XV {_iÊ`mMr Amem Zgë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr {\$a§JUm§V niyZOmD$Z Jmoì`mÀ`m gw oXmamMm Aml` Y[abm. nU _hmamOm§Zr Ë`m gw oXmamg Y_H$sMm{Zamon nmR>{dë`mdê$Z Ë`mZ| Ë`m§g {\$a§JUm§VyZ H$mTy>Z bm{dbo.Voìhm§ Vo {Zénm`hmoD$Z _hmamOm§g eaU Jobo. Ë`m§Zt Ë`m§À`mH$So> dmS>rMm Xoe_wIr H$m`_ H$ê$ZË`m§À`mda I§S> ~g{dbm. øm gmd§Vm§À`m nXar ZmZgmd§V d am_Xidr Ago XmoKo eyagaXma hmoVo, Ë`m§g _hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m nXar ZmoH$arg R>o{db|.

øm _mo{h_oV Ë`m§Zr AmUIr n§M_hmb, _X©ZJS>, ~maXoe dJ¡ao àm§V qOH$boAm{U IwÔ Jmoì`mda amoI Y[abm. {\$a§Jr Km~ê$Z Jobo, Am{U Ë`m§Zr Hw$S>miÀ`mgaXogm`mMm g~Zrg AZ§V eoUdr mbm Ë`m§À`mer VhmM| ~mobU| H$amd`mg nmR>{db|.øm eoUì`mZo VhmMo ~mobUo. bm{db|; na§Vw AmVyZ _hmamOm§Mm {dœmgKmV H$aÊ`mMmKmQ> KmbyZ Ë`mZ| {\$a§½`m§g Aer _gbV {Xbr H$s¨ {edmOr_hmamO VhmM| ~mobUohmoV Agë`m_wio A_i ~o\$m_ amhVrb, Var Ë`m§À`m N>mdUrda amÌrMm EH$mEH$mN>mnm KmbyZ Ë`m§Mm Zme H$amdm. hr _gbV {\$a§½`m§À`m Ama_mamdarb JUmoOrZm§dmÀ`m ^§S>mar Vm§So>bmÀ`m H$mZr Ambr, Am{U Ë`mZ| Vr _hmamOm§g VËH$miH$i{dbr. Vr EoHy$Z _hmamO gmdY am{hbo. gXarb _gbVrà_mU| AZ§V eoUdr{\$a§½`m§Mo Xhm hOma bmoH$ ~amo~a KoD$Z _Ü`amÌrÀ`m gw_mamg _hmamOm§À`m JmoQ>mdaJwnMyn MmbyZ Ambm. BH$So> _hmamO Amnb| R>mU| gmoSy>Z AYm© H$moe _mJo hQ>bo


g§{já {edM[aÌ66

Am{U V`marZ| C^o am{hbo. {\$a§Jr g¡Ý` gmar amÌ Ë`m§À`m Vimda Vmo\$m~§XþH$m§Mrga~Îmr H$arV am{hbo. _hmamOm§Zr gH$min ªV H$m§htEH$ hmbMmb Ho$br Zmht;Am{U COmS>VmM Ë`m§À`m KmoSo>ñdmam§Zr Ë`m bmoH$mda EH$X_ MmbyZ OmD$Z H$mnmH$mnrgwê$ Ho$br; Am{U Ë`m§Mm nwam _moS> H$ê$Z Ë`m§g CYiyZ bm{db|. øm PQ>mnQ>tV{\$a§½`m§Mo ~hþVoH$ bmoH$ nS>bo. _hmamOm§À`m bmoH$m§Zr nwT>| Mmb H$ê$Z {\$a§Jr {_iobVodT>m H$mnyZ H$mT>Ê`mMm gnmQ>m gwê$ Ho$bm. {\$a§Jr gmdH$mamg Yê$Z AmUyZ Ë`m§ZtË`m§À`mda O~a I§S> ~g{dbm. AmVm§ Jmod|àm§V{h Amnë`m hmVMm OmVmo Aer{\$a§½`mg ^r{V nS>br Am{U Ë`m§Zr H¥$VmnamYmMr j_m _mJyZ nwZ… VhmM| ~mobUobm{db|. V| _hmamOm§Zm _mÝ` hmoD$Z Ag| R>ab| H$s¨ {\$a½`m§Zt _hmamOm§g à{VdfuZì`m Vmo\$m d Xmê$Jmoim nwadmdm, Amnë`m OhmOmg _hmamOm§H$Sy>Z H$m¡b ¿`mdo, dË`m§g à{Vdfu H$m§ht Odmhra I§S> åhUyZ Úmd|.

H$moH$UnÅ>rV Agm Amnbm A_b ~g{dÊ`m§V _hmamO Jw§Vbo AgVm§ KmQ>mdarbOo {H$„o d àm§V A{XbehmZ| KoVbo hmoVo Vo gJio Ë`m§À`m gaXmam§Zt A{Xbehm_hmamï´>mVyZ H$Zm©Q>H$m§V Joë`mda naV KoD$Z Ë`m§da Amnbm A_b n¸$m ~g{dbmAm{U {dOmnyaH$am§H$Sy>Z nwZa{n Amnë`m _wbImg CngJ© hmoD$§ Z o Agm H$So>H$moQ>~§Xmo~ñV R>o{dbm.

ømà_mU| _hmamOm§Mr gÎmm H$m|H$UnÅ>tV d Ë`mdarb Km§Q>_mÏ`mda n¸$s ~gyZVo A{Và~i Pmbo ho nmhÿZ A{Xbehm d Ë`mMo _wËgÔr AJXt hVdr © Pmbo._hmamOm§er bT>Ê`mMm Ë`m§g _wir AmdmH$m Cabm Zmhr. {edm` H$Zm©Q>H$m§V dma§dmahmoV Agboë`m ~§S>mir_wi| Va Vo AJXt Q>oH$sg Ambo hmoVo. Ë`m§Zt AmVm§ Agm{dMma Ho$bm H$r _hmamOm§er Vh H$ê$Z Ë`m§À`mnmgyZ hmoUmam CngJ© ~§X H$amdm. nUhr _gbV A{XbehmÀ`m H$m§ht _wËgÚm§Zm H$~yb ZìhVr. na§Vw A{XbehmÀ`m_w»` d{OamZ| Xþgam H$m§ht VaUmonm` Zmht Ag| nmhÿZ _hmamOm§er JwánUo nwT>rbà_mUoVh Ho$bm:

(1) _hmamOm§Zr AmOn ªV qOH$bobm _wbyI Amnë`mH$So> R>odmdm. Vmo naVKoÊ`mMr IQ>nQ> {dOmnyagaH$mam§Zt H$ê$§ Z o. `m{edm` Vo _mJVrb Vmo _wbyI Ë`m§gVmoSy>Z Úmdm.

67

(2) {edmOr_hmamOm§Mo ñdmV§Í` {dOmnyagaH$mamZ| H$~yb H$amdo. Vo AmnboA§{H$V AmhoV Ag| Ë`mZ| BV…na g_Oy Z o.

(3) {dOmnyaH$mamZ| {edmOr_hmamOm§g à{Vdfu Zo_mZ| gmV bj hmoZ I§S>UrÚmdr.

(4) nañnam§Zr nañnam§g àg§J nSo>b Voìhm§ _XV H$amdr.

(5) {dOmnyaXa~mamV {edmOr_hmamOmMm dH$sb Agmdm. ømà_mUo em_OrZmB©H$ nw§So> ømg Ë`m Xa~mam§V nmR>dyZ {Xb|.

hm Vh Pmë`mZ§Va _hmamOm§Zt A{XbehmÀ`m Caboë`m _wbImg CnÐd H$aÊ`mMo~§X Ho$b|. ehmOramOm§g h| Vh Pmë`mMo dV©_mZ H$ibo Voìhm Vo Amnë`m ømnamH«$_r nwÌmMm ^oQ>r{df`t CËH§${R>V hmoD$Z {dOmnya gaH$maMr nadmZJr KoD$Z_hmamï´>mV Ambo. øm {nVmnwÌmÀ`m ^oQ>rMr hH$sH$V _mJ| {XbrM Amho.

***


g§{já {edM[aÌ68

^mJ Voamdm

Ama_ma d g_wÐm§Vrb {H$„o

_hmamOm§Zr H$m|H$UnÅ>r ñdgÎmoImbr Am{Uë`mda Vr Amnë`m hmVr {Zd}Yamhmdr åhUyZ {VH$S>rb ~hþVoH$ nw§S>m§Mm CngJ© H$m`_Mm Zmhtgm Ho$bm. EH$Q>mO§{Oè`mMm {eÔr VodT>m {e„H$ am{hbm. Ë`mÀ`mda doimodoim§ ñdmè`m H$ê$Z Ë`mMm~hþVoH$ gJim _wbyI Ë`m§Zt H$m~rO H$ê$Z VoW| Amnbr R>mUr ~g{dbr.EH$ O§{OamH$m` Vmo Ë`mÀ`m hmVt am{hbm. hm KoÊ`mMo AZoH$ à`ËZ _hmamOmZr Ho$bo, nU Vogmao ì`W© Jobo. H$maU Ë`mMo Ama_ma Agë`m_wi| Ë`mbm g_wÐm§VyZ hdr VodT>rgm_wJ«r {H$„çmda ^aVm oV Ago; åhUyZ Ë`mbm Vmo {H$„m hdo {VVHo$ {XdgbT>{dVm oD$Z eÌyMo gJio à`ËZ {Zî\$i$ H$[aVm§ oV AgV. {edm` _hmamOm§À`mg_wÐVratÀ`m Jmdmg d ehamg dmQ>ob Voìhm§ CngJ© H$ê$Z d Vo bwQy>Z {ZgQy>Z OmVm§oV Ago; Am{U Aa~r g_wÐm§VyZ OmUmè`m ì`mnmè`m§À`m OhmOm§da h„m H$ê$Z

Ë`mbm Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z hdm Vgm I§S> dgyb H$[aVm oV Ago. h| nmhÿZ _hmamOm§ZrAmnb| EH$ Ama_ma V`ma H$aÊ`mMm {ZYm©a Ho$bm Am{U XÿaXÿaMo H$mamJra AmUyZnwîH$i bhmZ _moR>r OhmOo V`ma Ho$br. ho Ama_ma V`ma H$aÊ`mH$So> Ë`m§Zm Ë`m doitXhm bmI én`o bmJbo. Vmadm§da Vmo\$m dJ¡ao bT>mD$ gm_mZ MT>dyZ Vr Ë`m§ZrMm§Jbr gÁO Ho$br; Am{U Ë`m§da amhÿZ bT>Umao bmoH$ nwîH$i V`ma Ho$bo. ho~hþVoH$ OmVrZo §S>mar AgV. H$m|H$UnÅ>rÀ`m {H$Zmè`mdarb Jm§d ~hþVoH$ §S>mè`m§Zr$dg{dbo AgyZ Vo nwamVZ H$mimnmgyZ OhmOo Mmb{dÊ`mÀ`m H$m_mV {ZîUmVAgV. n{ü_ {H$Zmè`mdarb gJù`m ~§Xamer ì`mnma H$aUmar ~hþVoH$ OhmOo ømbmoH$m§Mr AgV. Ag| gm§JVmV H$s _ya bmoH$m§Mm øm n{ü_ {H$Zmè`mdarb ~§Xam§er\$ma àmMrZ H$mimnmgyZ ì`mnma Mmby hmoVm. øm ì`mnmè`m§À`m bJQ>rZo ho ^§S>marnaXoem§Vrb XÿaXÿaÀ`m ~§Xam§er ì`mnma H$arV AgV. Aa~r g_wÐm§V Mm§Mo bmoH$m§Mr

69

^r{V \$ma Ago. ho Mm§Mo _moR>o eya d H$S>do AgV. ho ~hþVoH$ ^§S>mar AgV.^§S>mè`m§à_mUo H$moir{h `m H$m_mV à{gÕ AgV. øm XmoZ OmVtÀ`mM X`m©dXrbmoH$m§Mm aUm _hmamOm§À`m Ama_mamda Ago. Ama_mamMo goZmn{VËd _m`ZmH$ dX`m©gma§J øm XmoKm§ ^§S>mè`mH$So> hmoVo.

ho Ago _hmamOm§Mo Ama_ma V`ma hmoD$Z g_wÐm§V {\$ê$§ bmJb|. Ë`mZo _moJbmB©,{\$a§Jr, db§XoOr, \$amerg d B§J«O Vmadm§da h„o H$ê$Z Vt bwQ>Ê`mMm gnmQ>mMmb{dbm. Aem arVrZ| Ama_mamMm _moR>m IM© ~mhoaÀ`m ~mhoa ^mJy bmJbm; dh~emg Mm§JbrM XheV nmoMbr. Ë`mÀ`m d _hmamOm§À`m Ama_mamÀ`m MH$_H$sdma§dma PSy> bmJë`m. {\$a§Jr, B§J«O dJ¡ao ì`mnmar Amnë`m OhmOm§g CnÐd hmoD$§Z o åhUyZ _hmamOm§g dm{f©H$ I§S> XoD$§ bmJbo. Amnë`m OhmOmg {Zdmè`mÀ`mOmJm {_imì`m åhUyZ _hmamOm§Zr g_wÐmÀ`m Vramdarb Amnë`m {H$„çmMr Mm§JbrXmJXþOr H$ê$Z Vo _O~yV Ho$bo Hw$bm~m {H$„m hñVJV H$ê$Z Ë`mÀ`mnmer Amnë`mAma_mamMo _w»` R>mUo Ho$b|. gd© {R>H$mUÀ`m OhmOm§Mr PS>Vr `m {R>H$mUr hmoVAgo. gwdU©XþJ©, {dO`XþJ© dJ¡ao {H$„çmnmer Ë`m§Mo Ama_ma Zoh_r Oæ`V Ago.

{eÔr d {\$a§Jr m§g AmVm _hmamOm§Mr {deof XheV dmQy> bmJbr. {\$a§½`mZr_hmamOmer nydu Ho$bobm Vh H$m`_ H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mm Amnë`m OhmOm§g CnÐd ZnmoMog| Ho$b|. hm Agm Amnë`m eÌyg d naXoeñW ì`mnmè`mg eh XoÊ`mnwaVmMAmnë`m Ama_mamMm Cn`moJ H$amd`mMm Agm _hmamOm§Mm CÔoe ZìhVm; VaXÿaXÿaÀ`m ~§Xam§er Amnë`m _wbImMm ì`mnma Mmbdmdm Agm{h Ë`m§Mm BamXmhmoVm. qhXþñWmZÀ`m n{ü_ {H$Zmè`mdarb gJù`m ~§Xam§er Ë`m§À`m OhmOm§Mmì`mnma Mmbo; BVH|$M Zìho Va BamU, Aa~ñWm§Z dJ¡ao XoemÀ`m ~§Xam§V{h Ë`m§MrOhmOo OmD$§ bmJbr hmoVr.

_hmamOm§À`m Ama_mamMr `mXr {MÌJwámÀ`m ~IatV oUoà_mUo {Xbr Amho:_moR>çm Jwam~m 30, Jb~Vo 100, _hm{Jè`m150, bhmZ Jwam~m 50, Vmad| 60,nmb 25, OyJ 15, _Mdo 50 d hmoS>çm 150. H$madmamg B§J«O ì`mnmar hmoVo,Ë`m§Mm Agm boI Amho H$s¨ EHo$ g_`r _hmamOm§Mo Ama_ma H$madmamnmer Amb| hmoV|,Ë`m§V EH$ S>mob H$mR>rMr, VrgnmgyZ {XS>eo Q>Zn ªV dOZmMr 85 OhmOo d VrZ_moR>r OhmOo hmoVt. _w§~B©Mo B§J«O {eÔret ñZohmZ| dmJyZ Ë`m§g _XV H$ê$§ bmJbo,

Ama_ma d g_wÐm§Vrb {H$„o

¾ÖÖµÖ 652-9

g§{já {edM[aÌ70

Voìhm§ _hmamOm§Zr EH$eo gmR> OhmOo _w§~B© ~oQ>mÀ`m ã`mH$~o g_moa C^r Ho$br hmoVrAgm VoWë`m B§J«Om§Mm boI Amho. `mdê$Z {MÌJwámMr `mXr \$maer A{dœgZr`Zgmdr Ag| dmQ>V|.

h| Ama_ma _w»`V… {eÔrÀ`m Ama_mamer Q>¸$a XoD$Z Ë`mg hVdr © H$aÊ`mÀ`mCÔoemZo _hmamOm§Zr {Z_m©U Ho$bo. Ë`mMm O§{Oam H$m~rO H$ê$Z Ë`mM| g_yi CËnmQ>ZH$aÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm {ZYm©a Pmbm hmoVm. na§Vw nwT>| øm {eÔrZo {dOmnyaXa~mamMm Aml`gmoSy>Z _moJbm§Mr Vm~oXmar nVH$[abr, Am{U Ë`m§À`m Ama_mamÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo VmoMm§Jbm gmdê$Z, _hmamOm§g _mo{OZmgm Pmbm. ho nmhÿZ _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mbm H$m`_Mmeh XoÊ`mÀ`m BamÚmZ| Amnbm EH$ O§{Oam Agmdm. Ag| _Zm§V Am{Ub| Am{U_mbdUMm {H$Zmam Agm O§{Oam ~m§YÊ`mg Mm§Jbm gmoB©Mm Amho Ag| nmhUr H$ê$ZR>a{db|. oW| Ë`m§Zt g_wÐm§V EH$ ^¸$_ {H$„m ~m§YyZ Ë`mM| qgYwXþJ© Ag| Zm§dR>o{dbo. hm Agm O§{Oam `m {R>H$mUr ~m§Yë`m_wi| Ë`m§Zm Jmoì`mÀ`m {\$a§½`m§g ddmS>rÀ`m gmd§Vmg YmH$m§V R>o{dVm§ Amb|. øm {H$ëë`mgmR>t _hmamOm§Zr nwîH$i Ðì`d|Mb|; Am{U Vmo Amnë`m XoIaoIrImbr C^mabm. Ag| gm§JVmV H$s¨ _hmamO ñdV…H$YtH$Yt Amnë`m hmVmZ| oW| H$m_ H$arV AgV. øm {H$ëë`m§V Mm§Jbr \$m¡O R>odyZAmUIr Ë`mnmet Ama_ma{h ~a|M O_m Ho$b| hmoV|.

***

71

^mJ Mm¡Xmdm

_moJbm§er `wÕ d emñVmImZmMr _mohr_(gZ 1660 - 63)

Am¡a§JOo~mZo Amnë`m ~mnmg H¡$XoV KmbyZ d ^mdm§g ZoñVZm^yX H$ê$ZVº${ZerZ Pmë`mda nwZ… Amnb| bj X{jUoH$So> di{dbo. CÎmaoH$S>Mo amOH$maUAmQ>monë`mda Ë`mZ| Amnbm _m_m emñVmImZ `mbm ~amo~a àM§S> goZm XoD$ZX{jU|V admZm Ho$b| Am{U {dOmnyaH$am§g {edmOr_hmamOm§er {ZH$amMm gm_ZmH$ê$Z Ë`m§Mm A\$PwbImZmÀ`m dYm~Ôb Mm§Jbm gyS> CJ{dÊ`m{df`t {ZamonnmR>{dbm. Ë`mà_mU| {dOmnyaH$am§Zt {eÔrOmohma `mbm ~amo~a _moR>o g¡Ý` XoD$Z_hmamOm§da ñdmar H$amd`mg nmR>{db|, Am{U dmS>rMo gmd§V d O§{Oè`mMm {eÔr`m§g _hmamOm§er ZoQ>mMm gm_Zm H$aÊ`mg àd¥Îm Ho$bo. `m§Zm Q>¸$a XoD$Z H$g|hVdr`© Ho$b| `mMo dU©Z _mJ| Amb|M Amho.

hm Agm wÕàg§J _hmamO Ë`m§À`mer H$arV AgVm§ emñVmImZmZ| X{jU|VoD$Z _hmamOm§À`m _wbImda 1660 gmbt ñdmar Ho$br, Am{U Ë`m§M| {H$„o d àm§V

EH$m_mJyZ EH$ ga Ho$bo. Ago gm§JVmV H$s¨ øm ImZm~amo~a EH$ bmI \$m¡O,nm§MgmVeo hÎmr, MmanmM hOma C§Q>, VrZhOma Xmê$Jmoù`mMo N>H$So>, XmoZhOmaKmoS>çm§Mo N>H$So> d ~Îmrg H$moQ>tMm I{OZm EdT>r _moR>r gm_J«r hmoVr. øm Aem àM§S>goZmg_wÐmnwT>| _hmamOm§À`m bmoH$m§Mm {Z^md bmJÊmo eŠ` ZìhV|. ImZmÀ`m \$m¡OoMmh„m Ambm åhUOo {H$„o, H$moQ> d R>mUt gmoSy>Z Vo niV gwQ>V. Var Vo bJoM CbQ>ImD$Z ImZmÀ`m g¡Ý`mda Mmohm|H$Sy>Z N>mno KmbyZ Ë`mg gmYob VodT>o h¡amU H$arV.{H$„oXma WmoSo> {Xdg ZoQ>mZo bT>V, na§Vw eodQ>t {Zénm` hmoD$Z {H$ëë`m§VyZ Amnë`mbmoH$m§gh {ZgQy>Z OmV.

g§{já {edM[aÌ72

ImZmZo gwn§o d nwUo ho àm§V ga H$ê$Z VoW| Amnbr R>mUr ~g{dbr Am{UAmnë`m AdmT>ì` \$m¡OoMm Vi nwUo oWo {Xbm. Ë`mÀ`m g¡Ý`mg XmUmd¡aU dJ¡ao{_iy Z XoÊ`mMm _hmamOm§Zr ~§Xmo~ñV Ho$bm. Ë`m_wio Ë`mÀ`m g¡Ý`m§Mo \$ma hmb hmoD$bmJbo. ho nmhÿZ Ë`mZo Ag| _ZmV Am{Ubo H$s§, nwÊ`mnmgyZ AR>am _¡bmda MmH$U{H$„m Amho Vmo ga H$ê$Z Ë`mÀ`mda Amnbo R>mUo ~g{dë`mZ| Ah_XZJamH$Sy>ZXmUmd¡aU AmU{dUo gmono nSo>b. Agm ~oV H$ê$Z Ë`mZ| Ë`m {H$„çmg _moR>çm\$m¡Oo{Zet OmVrZ| doT>m {Xbm. Ë`m {H$„çmda {\$a§JmoOr Zagmim hm gw^oXma hmoVm.Ë`mZ| Vmo ~aoM {Xdg _moR>çm em¡`m©Zo bT>{dbm. na§Vw AIoarg {H$ëë`mÀ`m VQ>m§geÌyÀ`m Vmo\$m§À`m _mè`mZ| _moR>r ^JXmSo> nSy>Z _moJbm§Mo bmoH$ Am§V {eabo. Ë`mg_`r C^` njm§M| Vw_wb wÕ Ow§nb|. ImZmÀ`m \$m¡OoÀ`m _moR>çm O_mdmnwT>o Ë`m§Mm{Z^md bmJbm Zmhr. ñdV… {\$a§JmoOr {Odmda CXma hmoD$Z _moR>çm AmdoemZ| bT>VhmoVm. nU eodQ>t Ë`mbm hma Imdr bmJyZ Vmo d Ë`mMo H$m§ht bmoH$ eÌyÀ`m hmVrbmJbo. ImZmZo {\$a§JmoOrMr Ë`mÀ`m _Xþ©_H$s~Ôb _moR>r Vmar\$ H$ê$Z Ë`mMm ~hþ_mZHo$bm; Am{U Vmo Ë`mbm åhUmbm H$s¨ Vy§ _moJb~mXehmÀ`m ZmoH$arg ahm; _r Vwbm_moR>çm `mo½`Vog MT>{dVmo. ImZmÀ`m øm bmbMmdUrg {\$a§JmoOr _witM ^wbbmZmht. {edmOr _hmamOm§er ~oB_mZ hmoÊ`mMr hr H$ënZm Ë`mbm _wit éMbr Zmht.hr Ë`mMr EH${Zð> ñdm{_^{º$ nmhÿZ ImZmbm dmB©Q> Z dmQ>Vm CbQ> Ë`m~Ôb Ë`mM|Jm¡ad H$ê$Z Ë`mZ| Ë`mbm _hmamOm§H$So> OmD$§ {Xb|. Ë`m§À`mH$So> Vmo Joë`mda Ë`m§ZtË`mÀ`m B_mZm~Ôb Ë`mbm ZmdmOyZ Ë`mÀ`m _Xþ©_H$s~Ôb _moR>o BZm_ {Xb|.

_hmamOm§À`m Vmã`mVrb {H$„o KoÊ`mÀ`m H$m_r ImZmMo ~aoM bmoH$ IbmgPmbo. MmH$U {H$ëë`mg Ë`mbm XmoZ _{hZo doT>m KmbyZ bT>md| bmJë`m_wio VoW|Ë`mMo nwîH$i bmoH$ nS>bo. Aem arVrZ| Ë`mbm AmVm§ H$iyZ MwH$bo H$s¨ _hmamOm§Mo{H$„o H$m~rO H$aÊ`mM| H$m_ A{V{~H$Q> Amho. åhUyZ Amnbr hmbMmb ~§X H$ê$ZVmo nwUo oW| Amnë`m g¡Ý`mMm Vi XoD$Z XmoZ df} am{hbm. nU oW| Ë`mbm _hmamOm§À`mbmoH$m§Mm gmaIm CngJ© hmoB©. Vo Ë`mÀ`m \$m¡Ooda doimodoim§ N>mno KmbrV d Ë`mM|H${hH$dmS> d agX ~§X H$arV. _hmamOm§Mm eya goZmn{V ZoVmOr `mZo Am¡a§Jm~mX dAh_XZJa `oWn ªVMm _moJbm§Mm _wbyI bwQy>Z CX²ÜdñV H$aÊ`mMm Yy_YS>mH$mMmb{dbm. Ë`mMm CnÐd Zmhrgm H$amdm åhUyZ ImZmZo Ë`mÀ`mda _moR>r \$m¡O

73

nmR>{dbr. Ë`mbm øm \$m¡OoZo Jm§R>dyZ Ë`mÀ`mer wÕ Ho$bo. eÌyÀ`m g¡Ý`mMm O_md\$ma _moR>m Agë`m_wi| Ë`mMm Ë`mnwT>o {Z^md$ Z bmJyZ Vmo Ë`mbm PwH$m§S>r XoD$Z_moR>çm doJmZo {ZKyZ Jobm; Am{U Ë`mMm nmR>bmJ {H$Vr{h Ho$bm Var Vmo hmVtbmJoZm åhUyZ ImZmMr \$m¡O _mKmar {\$abr.

_hmamO øm doit H$moH$Um§Vë`m _mo{h_oda Jw§Vbo hmoVo. _mJ| gm§{JVë`mà_mU|{VH$S>Mr Amnbr gÎmm H$m`_ H$éZ d {dOmnyaH$am§g hVdr © H$ê$Z V| nwÊ`mH$So>dibo. H$ë`mU{^d§S>r dJ¡ao àm§V d {H$„o eÌyZ| hñVJV Ho$bo hmoVo Vo nwZ… H$m~rOH$aÊ`mM| H$m_ Ë`m§Zt _moamon§Vmbm gm§{JVb|, Am{U BVa H$m§ht {H$„o H$m~rO H$aÊ`mM|H$m_ ñdV… nVH$ab|. ZoVmOrZ| Va Amnbm nyduMm H«$_ gmaIm Mmby R>o{dbm hmoVm._moJbm§À`m _wbImV EdT>r {dbjU Ym_Yy_ Ë`m§Zt Mmb{dbr hmoVr Var emñVmImZnwÊ`mhÿZ _wit hmbbm Zmht. _hmamOm§Zt {dOm§nyaH$am§g Zm_moha_ Ho$ë`mMr dmVm©H$ië`mdê$Z Am¡a§JOo~mZ| `ed§VqgJm~amo~a AmUIr \$m¡O XoD$Z `m doit X{jUoVImZmÀ`m _XVrg nmR>{dbo hmoV|. Var nU Ë`m XmoKm§Zm _hmamOm§da ñdmar H$aÊ`mMrN>mVr hmoB©Zm.

emñVmImZ nwÊ`mg H$m`_Mr N>mdUr H$ê$Z Amnë`m Vmã`m§Vbo nyduM| {H$„o dZdrZ H$m~rO Ho$bobo {H$„o hmVMo ghgm OmD$§ Úmd`mMo ZmhtV Agm ~§Xmo~ñVH$ê$Z ñdñW ~gbm hmoVm. Ë`mbm VoWyZ H$gm hmbdmdm øm {dMmam§V _hmamO hmoVo.Ë`mÀ`m EdT>çm _moR>çm g¡Ý`mda h„m H$ê$Z Ë`mÀ`mer gm_Zm Ho$bm Va Amnë`mbmoH$m§Mr Iam~r hmoD$Z `e oÊ`mMr Amem \$maer ZìhVr. Vo øm doit qghJS>mdaAmnë`m g¡Ý`mMr dJ¡ao H$So>H$moQ> VaVyX H$ê$Z eÌyMr hmbMmb nmhV am{hbo hmoVo._hmamO qghJS>mda AmhoV h| ImZmg R>mD$H$ hmoV|. VoWyZ Vo AmnUm§da Ho$ìhm KmbmKmbVrb `mMm Zo_ Zmht Ag| dmQy>Z Ë`mZ| nwÊ`mVrb Amnë`m N>mdUrMm ~§Xmo~ñVAJXt H$miOrZo Ho$bm hmoVm. qghJS>mbm doT>m KmbyZ {H$„m hñVJV H$ê$Z _hmamOmgnH$S>Ê`mMr hr Mm§Jbr g§{Y hmoVr. nU MmH$U {H$ëë`mnmet Amboë`m AZw^dm_wioVg| H$aÊ`mM| Y¡ © Ë`mbm Pmb| Zmht.

øm doit emñVmImZmZ| EH$m ~«m÷UmÀ`m hñV| _hmamOm§Zm EH$ nÌ nmR>{dbo.Ë`mMm Ame` Agm… ""Vy§ _H©$Q>mgmaIm S>m|Jam§V amhUmam Amhog. Vy§ Amnë`m{H$ëë`mÀ`m Aml`mZ| amhÿZ dmQ>ob Ver ~§S>mir H$aV Amhog. wÕmMm àg§J Ambm

_moJbm§er `wÕ d emñVmImZmMr _mohr_ (gZ 1660 - 63)

g§{já {edM[aÌ74

åhUOo Vy§ {H$ëë`m§V XS>r _mê$Z ~gVmog. Agm Vy§ {H$Vr{h {Xdg bnyZ ~gbmg VarVwPm {nÀN>m _r gmoS>Uma Zmht. _r amOm B§Ð Amho. Vwbm _O ~amo~a wÕ H$aÊ`mgY¡ © Zmht.'' øm nÌmM| CÎma _hmamOm§Zr nmR>{dbo Vo Ago: ""_r _H©$Q>mg_mZ AmhoåhUVmog, Va Á`m _H©$Q>m§Zr amdUmMm Zme H$ê$Z b§H$m hñVJV Ho$br, Ë`m§À`mgmaIm_r Amho. _r Vwbm niVm ^wB© WmoS>r H$ê$Z gmoS>rZ.''

emñVmImZmbm nwÊ`mhÿZ H$gm hþgHy$Z bmdmdm øm {dMmam§V _hmamO Jw§J AgVm§Ë`m§À`m A§Jm§V ^dmZr g§MéZ oUo à_mU| ~mobbr: ""_mÂ`m boH$amg åhUmdo H$sëmñVmImZmMr {\$H$sa {H$_{n Z H$aU|. Ogm A\$PwbImZ àVmnmZo _m[abm, VgmMhm Xþï> `dZ VwÂ`m hñVo {ejmñnX H$[aVo. `m{df`r Vy§ H$m§ht qMVm H$ê$§ ZH$mo.'' h|XodrH$Sy>Z AmœmgZ {_imë`mda hþê$n oD$Z _hmamOm§Zr Aer eHw$ZJm§R> ~m§{YbrH$s XodrÀ`m àgmXmZo Amnbr \$Îmo hmoB©b. _J Ë`m§Zt Ag| _Zm§V A{Ubo H$sëmñVmImZmg Xohm§VemgZ {Xb| åhUOo Ë`mÀ`m g¡Ý`mMm _moS> ghO H$[aVm§ oB©b. hm~oV {gÕrg ZoÊ`mMr Ë`m§Zt nwT>rb w{º$ mo{Obr: Ë`m§Zt XmoZ ~«m÷U nwÊ`mg nmR>dyZImZmÀ`m bîH$amVrb EH$ _amR>m {eboXma {\$Vya H$a{dbm Am{U Ë`mbm Ag|gm§{JVb| H$s¨ Ë`mZ| b¾g_ma§^ H$aÊ`mMm ~hmUm H$ê$Z eham§VyZ dmOVJmOV damVH$mT>Ê`mMr nadmZJr {_idm§dr; Am{U Aer damV bîH$am§Vë`m Xþgè`m H$m§ht qhXÿ{enm`m§À`m _XVrZo A_wH$ {Xdet d A_wH$ doir H$mT>mdr. ømà_mUo ì`dñWm H$ê$ZVo ~«m÷U naV Amë`mda hOma XrS>hOma {ZdS>H$ _mdio ~amo~a KoD$Z _hmamOJS>mImbr Ambo: Am{U Ë`m§Zt H$mÌOÀ`m KmQ>m§V OmJmoOmJ PmS>mg nmoV ~m§Y{dbo,~¡bm§À`m qeJm§g nmoV ~m§YdyZ Vo {Za{Zamù`m {R>H$mUt Cô H$ê$Z R>o{dbo d H$m§htH$aUoH$ar d qeJmSo> S>m|JamÀ`m {~H$Q> OmJr R>odyZ {Xbo. øm PmS>m§nmer d ~¡bm§Odi_mdio R>odyZ Ë`m§g Ago gm§JyZ R>o{dbo H$s¨ ImZmÀ`m JmoQ>mda h„m H$ê$Z \$Îmo{_idyZ Amåhr JS>mH$So> OmVm§Zm BemaVrMm H$aUm dmObm åhUOo Vwåhr PmS>m§À`m d~¡bm§À`m qeJm§Mo nmoV COimdo d H$aUo d qeJo EH$X_ dmOdrV VoWyZ gdm©Zr MmbVoìhmd|. `m wº$sMm CÔoe AWm©V Agm hmoVm H$s¨ ImZmMo bmoH$ nmR>bmJmg {ZKmboåhUOo Vo H$mÌOmÀ`m KmQ>m§V COoS> nmhÿZ {VH$So> YmdV gwQ>Vrb d AmnUm§g qghJS>mdagwa{jVnU| OmVm§ oB©b. _hmamOm§Zt ~amo~aÀ`m ~è`mM _mdù`m§g OmJmoOmJ R>odyZH$m§ht OUm§g ImZmÀ`m JmoQ>m~mhoa Cô Ho$b|; Am{U Ë`m§g Ag| gm§JyZ R>o{db|. H$s¨H$aÊ`mMm Bemam hmoVm§M gdmªZr nwT>| Mmb H$ê$Z `md|.

75

ømà_mU| H$So>H$moQ> ì`dñWm H$ê$Z nyd©g§Ho$Vmà_mUo {\$Vya Ho$boë`m {eboXmamMrdamV {_adV doernmer oVm§M _hmamO n§Mdrg bmoH$m§gh {Vbm OmD$Z {_imboAm{U ImZmÀ`m JmoQ>m§V à{dï> hmoD$Z _Ü`amÌ hmoB©n¶ªV ñdñW am{hbo. bmoH$ PmonrOmD$Z MmohtH$So> gm_gy_ Pmë`mda Ë`m§Zt Amnë`m ~amo~aÀ`m bmoH$m§gh ImZ amhVhmoVm Ë`m dmS>çmda N>mnm KmVbm. Vmo dmS>m Ë`m§MmM Agë`m_wi| Ë`m§Zm Ë`mMraMZm Mm§Jbr R>mD$H$ hmoVr. Ë`m dmS>çmÀ`m ñd §nmH$ Kambm EH$ pIS>H$s hmoVr Vr~wO{dbr hmoVr. Vr IUyZ H$mTy>Z Ë`m dmQ>o _hmamO ~amo~a XmoZVrZ _Zwî` KoD$Z AmVCVabo. A\$PwbImZmÀ`m ^oQ>rg OmVm§Zm Ho$bobm nmofmI Ë`m§Zt `m doit MT>{dbmhmoVm. Ë`m§Mr Mmhÿb bmJVm§M ImZmÀ`m OZmZImÝ`m§Vrb ~m`H$m Om½`m Pmë`m, dË`m§Zt Ë`mbm CR>{db|. Vmo CR>y>Z Km~am hmoD$Z EH$m pIS>H$sdmQ>o Imbt CVê$bmJbm. BVŠ`m§V _hmamOm§Mr Ë`mÀ`mda ZOa OmD$Z Vo Ë`mÀ`mH$So> YmdV JoboAm{U Ë`mÀ`mda dma H$ê$Z åhUmbo: ""{edmOr Vmo _r. Vy§ _Oda _mohr_ H$ê$ZAmbmg; nU Vwbm R>ma _maÊ`mg _bm {db§~ bmJUma Zmht. Vwbm Amnbm Ordß`mam Agë`mg Am_À`mer wÕ H$aÊ`mMm ~oV gmoSy>Z Vy§ Am_À`m àm§Vm§VyZ Amnë`mg¡Ý`mgh bdH$a {ZKyZ Om.'' _hmamOm§À`m øm dmamZ| ImZÀ`m hmVmMo EH$ ~moQ>VwQ>b|. BVŠ`m§V Ë`mMm _wbJm A~Xþb \$ÎmoImZ d Ë`mÀ`m V¡ZmVrMo {enmB© _hmamOm§daMmbyZ Ambo. Ë`m gdmªMr H$Îmb CS>dyZ Vo Amnë`m bmoH$m§gh gwa{jV ~mhoa nS>bo.J{b_mZo N>mnm KmVë`mMm nwH$mam ImZmÀ`m bîH$am§V hmoD$Z gd© bmoH$ Jb~byZCR>bo; Am{U {OH$So>{VH$So> EH$M Jm|Yi _mOyZ am{hbm. OmoVmo Jbr_ H$moR>o AmhoVåhUyZ emoYy bmJbm. _hmamO Ë`m JXuV "Jbr_ H$moR>o Amho' Ag| AmoaS>V Amnë`mbmoH$m§{Zet eham~mhoa gwa{jVnU| Ambo Am{U OmJmoOmJ R>odboë`m bmoH$m§ghqghJS>mH$So> niV gwQ>bo. BH$So> Bemè`mMm H$aUm dmOVmM H$mÌOÀ`m KmQ>mVrbnmoV noQy>Z H$aU| d qeJo dmOy bmJbr. Voìhm§ Jbr_ Ë`m dmQ>oZo OmV AmhoV Ag|dmQy>Z ImZmÀ`m \$m¡OoZ| Ë`m : {XeoH$So> Xm¡S> Ho$br. nU gy`m}X`mÀ`m doit Ë`mbmoH$m§À`m bjm§V Vmo H$mdm Ambm, Am{U Ë`m gJù`m§Zr qghJS>mH$So> Mmb H$ê$ZoD$Z Ë`mbm _O~yV doT>m {Xbm. nU dê$Z Vmo\$m§Mm EH$gmaIm ^S>r_ma hmoD$§

bmJë`m_wio Ë`m§Mr bm¡H$aM Ym§Xb CS>mbr, Am{U Ë`m§Zm doT>m CR>dyZ _mKma ¿`mdrbmJbr. BH$So> ZoVmOr nmbH$amZo Amnë`m hmVmImbÀ`m EH$m gaXmambm Ë`m

_moJbm§er `wÕ d emñVmImZmMr _mohr_ (gZ 1660 - 63)

g§{já {edM[aÌ76

bmoH$m§da nmR>{db|. Ë`mZ| Ë`m§Mr H$Îmb CS>dyZ nwar YwiYmU Ho$br. ho dV©_mZ Vm. 5E{àb, gZ 1663 øm VmaIog KS>bo.

hm Agm Amnë`m bmoH$m§Mm nwam Ywìdm CS>mbobm nmhÿZ emñVmImZ AJXt~oXrb Pmbm. _wbmÀ`m _¥Ë y_wi| Ë`mM| {MÎm emoH$mHw$b Pmb| Ë`mMm àmU OmÊ`mMrnmir Ambr hmoVr, Vr WmoS>Š`m§V MwH$br. {edmOr_hmamO _moR>o XJoImoa AgyZ VoHo$ìhm H$m` H$[aVrb `mMm Zo_ Zmhr Ag| dmQy>Z Vmo AJXtM Km~ê$Z Jobm. {edm`Ë`mMo Oo WmoSo> bmoH$ Cabo hmoVo Vo AJXt {ZéËgmh hmoD$Z Ë`m§À`m§V H$mhrEH$ dHy$~am{hbm ZìhVm. emñVmImZmg AmUIr Agm dhr_ Ambm H$s Amnë`m JmoQ>mV {\$VwarPmbr Amho, Voìhm§ Aem {\$Vya Pmboë`m bmoH$m§Mm BV~ma Yê$Z nwT>| bT>mB© Mmb{dÊ`m§VH$mhr AW© Zmht; Am{U {edmOr_hmamO Odinmg AgVm§Zm nwÊ`mg Vi XoD$Z amhU|_moR>| YmoŠ`mMo Amho Ag| dmQy>Z VoWbm Vi hmbdyZ Vmo noS>Jm§dmg Jobm.

h| dV©_mZ Am¡a§JOo~mg H$ibo Voìhm§ Vmo \$ma pIÞ Pmbm. Ë`mÀ`m KamÊ`mVë`md Xa~maÀ`m gd© bmoH$m§À`m _wÐm CXmg Pmë`m. Aem `…H${üV² ~§S>ImoamZ| Amnë`mEdT>çm _moR>çm goZoMr Iam~r H$ê$Z Amnë`m eya _m_mMr nm§Mmda YmaU ~g{dbr`mMr ~mXehmbm _moR>r ea_ dmQ>br; Am{U Vmo åhUy§ bmJbm H$s {edmOr _moR>mg¡VmZ n¡Xm Pmbm Amho. H$moUmÀ`m H$Yt Ü`mZt_Zt oUma Zmhr A§g| AMQ> H¥$Ë`H$ê$Z Ho$dT>m{h _moR>m eya gaXma Agbm Var Ë`mMm Zme H$aÊ`mg Vmo MwH$Uma Zmhr._J Ë`mZ§ emñVmImZmg ~§JmbMm gwôXma H$ê$Z {VH$So> nmR>{dbo Am{U gwbVmZ_moAPr_ `mg X{jUoMm gwôXma Zo{_bo.

øm doir èd§VqeJ åhUyZ Omo aOnyV gaXma ImZmÀ`m _XVrgmR>r nmR>{dbmhmoVm Ë`mbm {edmOr _hmamOm§Zr bmM XoD$Z de H$ê$Z KoVë`mMm dhr_ ImZmbmoD$Z Ë`mZ| V| Am¡a§JOo~mbm H$i{dbo hmoV|, Am{U nwÊ`mÀ`m N>mdUrV Or Jm\$sb{Jar

Pmbr {VMm Xmof øm aOnyV gaXmamMm hmoVm Ag| Ë`mM| åhUU| hmoVo. nwT>| emñVmImZmMr~Xbr hmoD$Z _moAPr_ X{jUoV Amë`mda Amnbo B_mZ d em¡ © `m§M| àXe©ZH$aÊ`mÀ`m BamÚmZo èd§VqgJmZ| qghJS>mg _moR>çm \$m¡Oo{Zer doT>m XoD$Z Vmo gaH$aÊ`mMm {Zü` Ho$bm. na§Vw Ë`mMm Vmo {Zü` ì`W© Jobm. Ë`mMo hOmam| bmoH$JS>mImbo JVàmU Pmbo d Cabobo amZmo_mi niV gwQ>bo; Am{U Vmo ñdV… _wR>rVàmU KoD$Z Oo_Vo_ Am¡a§Jm~mXog OmD$Z nS>bm.

***

77

^mJ n§Yamdm

gwaV, ~magrbmoa dJ¡ao eham§Mr byQ>

emñVmImZmgmaIm _moR>m _moJb gaXma ~amo~a AdmT>ì` g¡Ý` KoD$Z X{jU|V_hmamOm§Mm Zm`ZmQ> H$aÊ`mMr à{Vkm H$ê$Z Ambm d VoWo XmoZ-VrZ df} gmaImbTy>Z d eh XoD$Z am{hbm; Am{U Ë`mM doit {dOmnyaH$am§Mm ~bmT>ç gaXma {eÔrOmohma _moR>r goZm KoD$Z _hmamOm§À`m ZmemMm M§J ~m§YyZ Ë`m§À`m _wbImda Ambm.øm Aem XmoZ àM§S> [any§er XmoZ df} gmaIo Pw§Omd| bmJë`m_wio Ë`m§Mo ~aoM bmoH$H$_r Pmbo d I{OZm{h Ibmg Pmbm. Zì`m bmoH$m§Mr ^aVr H$amd`mg Ðì`~inm{hOo Vo H$g| {_idmdo hm Ë`m§Zm AmVm§ {dMma nS>bm. BVŠ`m§V Ë`m§Mm _moR>m{dœmgy hoa ~hraOr `mZo Aer ~mV_r AmUbr H$s¨ gwaV eha _moR>o YZmT>ç Amho.VoW| àmMrZ H$mimnmgyZ nañW bmoH$m§er YZÎma ì`mnma MmbV Ambm Agë`m_wioVoWbo gmdH$ma _moR>o lr_§V AmhoV; Am{U Ë`m eham§V _moJbm§Mm Mm§Jbmgm ~§Xmo~ñVZgë`m_wio Ë`m§V àdoe H$aÊ`mg \$mago Am`mg nS>Uma ZmhtV.

hr ~mV_r ~hraOrZ| XoD$Z AmUIr Ë`m eham§Vrb lr_§V bmoH$m§Mr Vnerbdma_m{hVr _hmamOm§nwT>o gmXa Ho$br. Voìhm§ Ë`m§Zt Ë`m ehamda ñdmar H$ê$Z Vo bwQ>Ê`mMm~oV Ho$bm, d Xhm hOma {ZdS>H$ _mdio KoD$Z Vo {VH$So> {ZKmbo.

{edmOr_hmamO gwaV eha gwQ>md`mg oV AmhoV Aer ~mV_r H$iVmM VoWbobmoH$ AJXt Km~ê$Z Jobo. H$m§ht bmoH$ Amnbr ~m`H$m_wbo KoD$Z Vmnr ZXrnbrH$So>niV gwQ>bo; H$m§ht lr_§V bmoH$m§Zr _moJb {H$„oXmamg bmM XoD$Z {H$ëë`mMmAml` Y[abm. VoWë`m _moJb gw oXmamZ| Amnbm EH$ _mUyg I§S>mM| ~mobUo bmdmd`mg_hmamOm§H$So> nmR>{dbm, Ë`mbm Ë`m§Zt AQ>Ho$V R>o{dbo. Voìhm§ Vmo gw^oXma Km~ê$ZOmD$Z Ë`m§Zm H$moUË`m{h àH$maMm AQ>H$md H$aÊ`mM| gmoSy>Z XoD$Z {H$ëë`mda OmD$Zam{hbm. eham§V àdoe H$aÊ`mnydu _hmamOm§Zr VoWë`m MmanmM A{VYZmT>ç gmdH$mam§Zm

g§{já {edM[aÌ78

Ag| {bhÿZ H$i{dbo H$s¨ Vwåhr oD$Z ehamMm I§S> R>a{dë`mg. AmnU eham§Vë`mH$moUË`m{h bmoH$m§g _wit CnÐd H$aUma Zmhr. øm nÌmMm Odm~ H$moUm§H$Sy>Z{h ZAmë`m_wi| Vo eham§V {eabo. Ë`m§Zt VoWë`m _moR>_moR>çm gmdH$mam§À`m dmS>çm§daOßVr ~gdyZ Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z Ðì` {_i{db|. Oo H$moUr Amnb| Odmhra dJ¡ao bndyZR>o{dV Ë`m§g Xohm§V{ejoMr Vo ^r{V KmbrV. ømà_mUo Ë`m§Zt Mma {Xdgn ªV V| eha{~ZhaH$V bwQ>bo.

VoWë`m S>M d B§J«O ì`mnmè`m§Zr Amnë`m dImatMm ~Mmd OhmOm§darb Vmo\$mAmUyZ Ho$bm. S>M bmoH$m§À`m dImarOdi ~haOr moam øm Zm§dmÀ`m EH$m A{Vg§nÞgmdH$mamMm dmS>m hmoVm. Vmo _hmamOm§À`m bmoH$m§Zr EH$ g~§Y AhmoamÌ bwQ>bm. Ë`m§VË`m§g AJ{UV Odmhra dJ¡ao {_imbo. S>M bmoH$m§Zr Ë`m dmS>çmÀ`m ajUm§Mm H$mhrEH$Cnm` Ho$bm Zmht. AgmM EH$m Xþgè`m YZmT>ç gmdH$mamMm dmS>m B§J«Om§À`m dImarÀ`mbJË`mg hmoVm. Ë`m dmS>çmMm _mbH$ g¡`X ~oJ hm {H$ëë`mda niyZ Jobm hmoVm.Ë`mMm dmS>m bwQ>md`mg _hmamOm§Mo bmoH$ Jobo Voìhm§ B§J«Om§Zt Ë`m§Zm Vm~S>Vmo~à{V~§Y Ho$bm. Ë`m_wi| Ë`m§Zm Vmo `WoÀN> bwQ>Vm Ambm Zmht. Ë`m§Zm VoWyZ {ZKyZOmdo bmJbo. {edmOr_hmamO eha bwQ>md`mg oV AmhoV h| H$ib| Voìhm§ VoWë`mB§J«O ì`mnmè`m§Mm à_wI Am°ŠPoÝS>Z mZo Amnë`m OhmOm§daÀ`m Vmo\$m, Xmê$Jmoim dIbmer dJ¡ao dImarnmer AmUyZ R>o{dbo hmoVo d Xþgao H$m§ht Xoer {enmB© O_m Ho$bohmoVo, d dImarÀ`m Amgnmg Vmo\$m aMyZ R>o{dë`m hmoË`m. hr Ë`m§Mr V`mar nmhÿZ_hmamOm§Mo bmoH$ Ë`m§À`m dmQ>og Jobo ZmhtV. g¡`X ~oJMm dmS>m bwQ>Ê`mg B§J«Om§ZthaH$V Ho$ë`mMm amJ oD$Z _hmamOm§Zr A°mŠPoÝS>Z `mbm Agm {Zamon nmR>{dbm H$s¨,""g¡`X ~oJ mMm dmS>m Amåhm§g bwQy> Úm$ AJa Ë`m~Ôb VrZ bmI én o Am_À`mH$So>nmR>dyZ Úm. Xmohm|Vbr EH$hr Jmoï> Z H$amb Va _r ñdV: `oD$Z Vw_À`m EHy$UEH$_mUgmMr H$Îmb CS>drZ.'' `mMm O~m~ Ë`mZ| Agm nmR>{dbm H$s¨,""`m§VbrH$moUVr{h Jmoï> H$aÊ`mg Amåhr V`ma Zmht; Vwåhmbm dmQ>ob Voìhm§ Vwåhr MmbyZ`mdo.'' øm Ë`mÀ`m {YQ>mB©À`m O~m~mdê$Z Ë`mM| emgZ H$aÊ`mg _hmamOm§g_wir H$R>rU ZìhV|. na§Vw Ë`m doit _moJbm§Mr \$m¡O gwaVoH$So>. admZm Pmë`mMr~mV_r Ë`m§g {_imë`m_wio `m ehamnmet A{YH$ doi Z Imoi§~Vm {_imbobrbyQ> Amnë`m _wbImV gwa{jVnUo Ý`mdr h| Ë`m§g Bï> {Xgb|, Am{U Vo ñdXoemH$So>ËdaoZo {ZKyZ Jobo.

79

øm ehamMr byQ> Mmbbr AgVm§ _hmamOm§Zr VoWë`m gJù`mM bmoH$m§g Amnb|CJ« ñdê$n XmI{dbo Zmhr, Ag| EH$XmoZ Jmoï>tdê$Z {XgVo. Ë`mn¡H$s EH$ Jmoï> Aer:gwaVog øm doit \$mXa Am§~«moO øm Zm§dmMm EH$ H$mnw{e`Z nmÐr amhV Ago. Ë`mÀ`mKamda h„m H$aÊ`mMr Amnë`m bmoH$m§g _hmamOm§Zr _ZmB© Ho$br. Vo åhUmbo H$s¨ hmnmÐr Y_©Jwê$ AgyZ n{dÌ AmMaUmMo AgVmV. `m§Zm CnÐd H$aU| ~amo~a Zmht.Xþgar Jmoï> Aer: Ë`m eham§V _mohZXmg nmaI `m Zm§dmMm EH$ _moR>m Y_©erb dgXmMmar nwéf hmoVm. Vmo S>M bmoH$m§Mm Xbmb AgyZ Ë`mMr _moR>r g§n{Îm hmoVr. Vmoøm doit _aU nmdbm AgyZ Ë`mMr ~m`H$mo_wb| _mJo hmoVt. _hmamOm§Zm Ë`m gËnwéfmMrH$s{V© {d{XV hmoVr. Ë`m§Zt Ë`mÀ`m Kambm hmV bmdbm Zmht.

øm eham§V {_imbobr gJir byQ> Ë`m§Zt am`JS>mda gwa{jVnU| Zobr. {VMm{hemo~ H$[aVm§ Vr gmSo>AmR> H$mo{Q> hmoZ qH$_VrMr ^abr. `m{edm` AmUIr øm_mo{h_|V Ë`m§Zm nwîH$i KmoS>r {_imbr. Ë`m§À`m Ë`mÀ`m S>mì`m {Q>arda IyU H$ê$ZË`m§Mr EH$ {Zamir nmJm Ë`m§Zr ~Z{dbr.

gwaVohÿZ naV Amë`mda ehmOramOo _¥Ë y nmdë`mMr AË §V emoH$OZH$ dmVm©_hmamOm§g H$ibr. Ë`m_wi| Ë`m§g namH$mð>oMo Xþ…I Pmbo. `m doir Vo qghJS>mdahmoVo. VoW| Ë`m§Zt ñd{nË`mM| Am¡Üd©Xo{hH$ H$ê$Z H$m§hr {Xdg Xþ…ImV Kmb{dbo.VoWyZ Ë`m§Zt am`JS>mda OmD$Z Amnë`m EH§$Xa H$ma^mamMr d {Za{Zamù`m ImË`m§Mrgwì`dñWm bm{dbr. ñd{nË`mÀ`m nümV Ë`m§Zt Amnë`m Zm§dmg amOo hm {H$Vm~OmoS>bm d Amnë`m Zm§dmMo ZmUo nmS>b|. h| dV©_mZ g. 1664 V KS>b|.

_hmamOm§Mm {dOmnyaH$am§er Pmbobm Vh \$ma {Xdg {Q>H$bm Zmht. hm VhH$m`_ hmoVm§ Vmoda Ë`m§Mo ZoVmOr nmbH$a dJ¡ao gaXma \$º$ _moJbm§À`m _wbImVEH$gma»`m _mo{h_m H$ê$Z bwQ>mbyQ> H$arV AgV. Ë`m§M| Ama_ma{h _moJbmÀ`mì`mnmar OhmOm§da d _¸o$À`m `mÌog OmUmè`m Vmadm§da h„o H$ê$Z Vr bwQ>br. gwaVeha bwQ>ë`mMr dmVm© Am¡a§JOo~mg H$ië`mda Ë`mZo _hmamOmÀ`m nm[anË`mgmR>rnwZ… EH$doi à`ËZ H$aÊ`mMm {ZYm©a H$ê$Z O`qgJmg X{jUoV _moR>çm g¡Ý`m{ZernmR>{dÊ`mMr V`mar Mmb{dbr, Am{U {dOmnyaH$amg {Zamon nmR>dyZ _hmamOm§À`memgZmg CÚwº$ hmoÊ`m{df`r a {Xbr. h| Ago _moJb ~mXehmM| àmoËgmhZ {_imë`mdaA{XbehmZ| _hmamOm§er Ho$bobm Vh _moSy>Z Ë`m§À`m _wbImV nÝhmim oWrb Amnë`m


g§{já {edM[aÌ80

gaXmam§g ñdmar H$aÊ`mMm hþHy$_ Ho$bm. Ë`mà_mU| Ë`m§Zt Ym_Yy_ gwê$ H$ê$Z H$mo§H$UmVbrH$mhr R>mUr ga Ho$br. ho dV©_mZ H$iVm§M _hmamOm§Zr ñdV… _moR>çm ËdaoZo {VH$S>oOmD$Z Ë`m gaXmam§er wÕ Ho$b|. øm wÕm§V eÌyÀ`m hOmamo moX²Ü`m§Mr H$Îmb CS>mbrd Vo gaXma AJXt XrZ hmoD$Z niyZ Jobo.

ømZ§Va Ë`m§Zr Amnb| H$m§ht KmoS>Xi H¥$îUmZXrÀ`m nbrH$S>rb {dOmnyaH$am§À`m_wbImV nmR>{db|. Ë`mZ| VoW| EH$gmaIm Yw_mHw$i _m§S>bm. Ë`m doir hþ~ir ehaì`mnmamMo _moR>o R>mUo hmoVo, Vo Ë`m§Zr bwQ>b|. Ë`mMà_mU| Ë`m§Zt {VH$S>rb AmUIrì`mnmamÀ`m noR>m bwQ>ë`m. _hmamOm§Zr ñdV: øm doir Amnë`m Ama_mamÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo{dOmnyaH$amÀ`m g_wÐVramdarb eham§da h„o H$aÊ`mMm ~oV Ho$bm d qgYwXþJ© oWoAmnb| Ama_ma O_dyZ X{jU {H$Zmè`mdarb eham§da amoI Y[abm. Ë`m doit~magrbmoa Zm§dmMo eha A{VYZmT>ç Agë`mM| H$ië`mdê$Z Ë`m§Zt Ë`m ehamdaàW_ h„m Ho$bm Am{U Vo ñdñWnU| bwQ>bo. øm ehamÀ`m bwQ>rV Ë`m§Zm XmoZ H$mo{Q>hmoZm§Mm EodO {_imbm Ag| åhUVmV.

_J Ë`m§Zt Ë`m {H$Zmè`mdarb H$S>dmi, {_Om©Z, A§H$mobm, H$moÐo, hþ_mD$X dJ¡ao~è`mM eham§da h„m H$ê$Z Vt ga Ho$bt d Ë`m§da Amnbm A_b ~g{dbm. Ë`mà_mU|M Ë`m§Zr JmoH$U©_hm~ioœa hñVJV Ho$b|. ~oXZya àm§Vm§V {edmßnm ZmB©H$ ZmdmMmEH$ {dOmnyaH$am§Mm gaXma ñdV§Ì hmoD$Z ~gbm hmoVm, Ë`mbm Ë`m§Zt Amnbm A§{H$VH$ê$Z Ë`mÀ`mda VrZ bmI én`m§Mm dm{f©H$ I§S> ~g{dbm. Z§Va Vo H$madmamnmetoD$Z XmIb Pmbo. VoWë`m {dOmnyaH$am§À`m gaXmamZo Ë`m§Zm {damoY H$aÊ`mMm àW_

Amd KmVbm. VoW| B§J«Oì`mnmar hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr Amnbr gmar MrOdñVy EH$m _wgb_mZmÀ`mOhmOmda bndyZ R>o{dbr. eodQ>t Ë`m gaXmamZo _hmamOm§g H$m§ht I§S> XoÊ`mMo H$~ybH$ê$Z Vmo EodO Ë`m§À`mH$So> nmdVm Ho$bm. øm doit BVa ì`mnmè`m§à_mU| B§J«Om§g{hH$m§ht a¸$_ Úmdr bmJbr. hm I§S> {_imbm VodT>çm§V g§Vmof _mZyZ Vo H$madmaÀ`m~§Xam§VyZ {ZKyZ Jobo.

oWyZ nwT>| Ob_mJmªZo§M OmD$Z ~§Xa{H$Zmè`mdarb Amnë`m gJù`m {H$ëë`m§Mr,àm§Vm§Mr d Ama_mamMr ì`dñWm nmhmdr d {eÔrMr H$er H$m` hmbhdmb Amho VràË`j nmhmdr Agm Ë`m§Zt ~oV Ho$bm. nU à{VHy$b dmam bmJyZ Ë`m§Zm nwîH$i {XdgnmÊ`m§V Imoi§~yZ amhmd| bmJb|; Am{U ñdamÁ`mV H$er H$m` hmbhdmb Amho,

81

eÌyMr hmbMmb H$moR>|H$moR>| Mmby Amho h| H$iÊ`mMm _mJ© AJXt Iw§Q>obm. h| nmhÿZOb_mJm©Zo nwZ… H$Yt ñdV… _mohr_ H$amd`mMr Zmhr Agm Ë`m§Zt {ZYm©a Ho$bm.

{edmOr_hmamOmÀ`m namH«$_m§Mo d aUdoJmM| dU©Z§ Ë`m doiMo B§J«O ì`mnmaroUoà_mU| H$[aVmV: ""{edmOrMm Xoh dm wê$n AgyZ Ë`mbm n§I Agmdo Ag| Á`mbm

Ë`mbm dmQy>§ bmJb| Amho. H$maU Vmo H$moUË`r doir H$moR>o àJQ> hmoB©b `mMm H$m§htMZo_ Zmht. Vmo AmO EHo$ {R>H$mUr Amho Va CÚm Xÿa H$moR>o Joë`mMr ~mV_r oVo. Á`m{R>H$mUMm H$So>H$moQ> ~§Xmo~ñV AgVmo Ë`mda h„m H$ê$Z Amnë`m bmoH$m§Mr Iam~rH$amd`mg Vmo H$Yr{h CÚwº$ hmoV Zmht. Á`m ehamg d Jm§dm§g VQ>~§Xr ZgyZ bîH$ar~§Xmo~ñV \$magm Zmhr, Ë`m§daM h„m H$ê$Z Vt Vmo bwQ>Vmo. Ë`mÀ`m R>m`tCÚmoJerbVm, l_g{hîUwVm, Omo_ d MniVm ho JwU {dbjU AmhoV Ago Omo Vmo~mobV AgVmo. {edmOrMm {OH$So>{VH$So> {dO` hmoV§ Amho. Ë`mbm à[VamoY H$aÊ`mMmAmdmH$m H$moUmbm{h Zmht. gJù`m bhmZ_moR>çm amOm§Zm Ë`mMm namH$mð>oMm YmH$dmQ>V Amho.''

***


g§{já {edM[aÌ82

^mJ gmoimdm

O`qgJmMr ñdmar (gZ 1665 - 66)

{edmOr_hmamOm§Mm namH$mð>oMm amJ oD$Z Am¡a§JOo~mZo Ë`m§Mm g_yi Zme H$aÊ`mMm{ZYm©a Ho$bm; Am{U amOm O`qgJ, {XboaImZ dJ¡ao wÕHw$eb d eya gaXmam§g EoerhOma \$m¡O XoD$Z X{jUoV admZm Ho$bo. Ë`mM doit Ë`mZo {dOmnyaH$am§g nwT>rbAme`mMo nÌ {b{hbo: ""{edmOr \$ma X§Jm d \§$X{\$Vwar H$arV Amho. Ë`mZ| Mmohm|H$So>nw§S>mdm _m§S>bm Amho. _wgb_mZ a`Vog Vmo \$ma nrS>m XoV Amho. `mH$[aVm Ë`mM|nm[anË` H$aÊ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV {T>bmB© d MmbT>H$b Ho$ë`mg _wgb_mZr amÁ` ~wSy>ZOmB©b. `mH$[aVm øm gd© \§$X{\$VwarMo d ~§S>mMo _wi H$maU Omo {edmOr Ë`mMmg_wi Zme H$ê$Z Jar~ a`Vog Ë`mÀ`m OmMm§VyZ gmoS>{dU| Amåhm§ C^` _wgb_mZ~mXehmg àmá Pmb| Amho. `m{df`t `ËZ H$aÊ`mg `pËH§${MV²{h Amig H$ê$ZCn`moJ Zmht. mñVd Am_Mr Aer _Zrfm Amho H$s¨ BH$Sy>Z Ë`m Iam~ {edmOrÀ`mnm[anË`mgmR>r _moR>o eya moÕo> admZm hmoV AmhoV, Vg|M AmnUm§H$Sy>Z[h admZm ìhmdo;Am{U Amåhr XmoKm§Zr Ë`m {edê$nr gmnmMo _ñVH$ \$moSy>Z Ë`mÀ`m J¡a{eñV dmJUwH$sMmgyS> ¿`mdm. hm O~XXñV CnÐd XoD$ nmhUmam H$m§Q>m \$ma ~imdbm Zmht VmoM H$mTy>ZQ>mH$ë`m{edm` ñdñWVm àmßV hmoUma Zmht. hr Jmoï> AmnUm§g ng§V nS>ë`mg Amåhm§C^` ~mXehm§_Ü | gm\$s d {_ÌVm amhrb; H$m§ht EH$ H$nQ> qH$dm d¡a amhUmaZmht.'' Am¡a§Oo~mÀ`m øm nÌmdê$Z {dOmnyaH$am§Zt _hmamOm§er bT>Ê`mMm CnH«$_Ho$bm AgVm§ Ë`mMr H$er ImoS> _moS>br V| _mJë`m ^mJm§V gm§{JVb|M Amho.

_hmamOm§Mo nm[anË` H$aÊ`mgmR>t O`qgJ _moR>çm \$m¡Oo{Zet X{jU|V AmbmIam; nU Ë`m§Mo namH«$_ doimodoim Ë`mÀ`m H$mZr Jobo hmoVo, d Ë`m§Mr w{º$_Îmm,gmhg, Y¡ ©, em¡ © d Y_H$ ho JwU Aà{V_ AgyZ Ë`m§À`m nXaMo bmoH$ hmVmda {eaKoD$Z B_mZmZ| d em¡`m©Z| bT>Ê`mg gd©Xm {gÕ AgV h| Ë`mbm Mm§Jbo H$iyZ Amb|hmoV|. `mñVd Aem àVmnembr nwéfmer gm_Zm H$aÊ`mM| H$m_ _moR>| OmoI_mM| d

83

{~H$Q> hmoV| h| Vmo OmUyZ hmoVm; Am{U Amnbr _mohr_ H$er `eñdr hmoB©b `mMrË`mg gmaIr qMVm bmJyZ am{hbr hmoVr. _hmamOm§er Á`m§Mo d¡a hmoV| Aem gJù`mbmoH$m§Zm O`qgJmZo nÌo nmR>dyZ Ë`m§À`mda CR>{db| Am{U Ë`m§g Amnë`m njmbmgm_rb H$ê$Z KoVb|. {dOmnyaH$am§g I§S>Ur H$_r H$aÊ`mMr bmbyM XmIdyZ _hmamOm§erbT>Ê`mg Ë`mZ| àd¥Îm Ho$b|. B§J«O dJ¡ao ì`mnmè`mg _hmamOm§À`m Ama_mamda doimodoimh„o H$amd`mg Ë`mZ| gm§{JVbo. O§{Oè`mÀ`m {eÔrg Ë`m§À`met bT>Ê`mg Ë`mZ|àmoËgmhZ {Xb|. _moJbm§À`m Ama_mamZ| _hmamOm§À`m H$m|H$UnÅ>rda h„o H$amdo AerË`mZ| `moOZm Ho$br. _hmamOm§Zr Á`mÁ`m _amR>o gaXmam§Zm dJ¡ao CngJ© Ho$bm hmoVmË`m§Mo ZmVbJ _hmamOm§Mm gyS> CJ{dÊ`mgmR>r O`qgJmg OmD$Z {_imbo. O§ìhmadJ¡ao {R>H$mUMo H$moir amOo Ë`mbm _XV H$amd`mg CÚwº$ Pmbo. \$ma H$m` nUX{jUoH$S>Mo {edßnm ZmB©H$ dJ¡ao Ë`mÀ`m _XVrg Jobo. A\$PwbImZmMm _wbJm\$mObImZ d _moè`mMo XmoZ _wbJo O`qgJmÀ`m \$m¡O|V OmD$Z am{hbo.

ømà_mU| _hmamOm§Mo gJio eÌw O`qgJmÀ`m _XVrg Joë`mda Ë`mZ| Ë`m§À`mgÎmoVrb _wbIm§V àdoe Ho$bm Am{U gd© ~mOy§Zr d añË`m§Zr Amnë`m \$m¡OoMr_moR>_moR>r R>mUr ~gdyZ _hmamOm§À`m g¡Ý`mMr hmbMmb d Ym_YyZ AJXt _`m©{XVHo$br. `m doit ZoVmOr nmbH$a hm _hmamOm§À`m hwHy$_mà_mUo§ Z dmJë`m_wio Ë`mbmgaZm¡~VÀ`m hþÚmdê$Z Xÿa H$ê$Z Vmo Ë`m§Zr àVmnamd JwOamg {Xbm. Ë`m_wi| ZoVmOrZmamO hmoD$Z _hmamOm§Mr ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z Jobm. åhUyZ _moJbm§À`m g¡Ý`mda KmboKmb§Ê`mM| H$m_ Mm§Jbo hmoB©Zmg| Pmb|.

da gm§{JVë`mà_mU| MmohmoH$Sy>Z H$So>H$moQ> ~§Xmo~ñV H$ê$Z O`qgJmZo Amnë`m\$m¡OoMm Vi gmgdS>À`m _§Ü`dVu R>mÊ`mda {Xbm. _J Ë`mZ| {XboaImZm§g nwa§XaqH$ëë`mg doT>m Kmbmd`mg nmR>{dbo Am{U AmnU ñdV… qghJS>mg doT>m {Xbm. ømdoT>çm§g _hmamOm§À`m bmoH$m§Mm CngJ© hmoD$ Z o åhUyZ Ë`mZ| OmJmoOmJr AmnbobmoH$ R>odyZ {Xbo. BVH$s CÎm_ R>mUo~§Xr H$ê$Z{h O`qgJmÀ`m _Zmbm {~bHy$bñdñWVm ZìhVr. X{jUoV nm` R>odë`mnmgyZ Ë`mbm Aer XheV dmQ>V hmoVr H$s¨A\$PbImZ d emñVmImZ m§À`mgmaIr Amnbr Xem Ho$ìhm hmoB©b mMm Zo_ Zmht.`mñVd Amnbr H$m_{Jar H$er Var EH$Xm§Mr CaHy$Z X{jUoVyZ {ZgQ>Vm nm` ¿`mdmAg| Ë`mÀ`m _ZmZo KoVb|. Xþga| Ag| H$s¨ ñdY_©ajU d ñdamÁ`ñWmnZm `m§àrË`W©


g§{já {edM[aÌ84

_hmamO Ah{Z©e CÚmoJ H$arV AmhoV. `mñVd Aem n{dÌ H$m`m©g CÚwº$ Pmboë`mVoOñdr nwéfmer wÕ H$ê$Z e {_iÊ`mMr Ë`mbm Amem dmQ>br Zmhr. åhUyZ Ë`mZ|_hmamOm§g nwT>rb Ame`mM| nÌ {b{hb|: ""Am¡a§JOo~ A{V~bT>ç Amho. Ë`m§À`mereÌyËd H$ê$Z n[aUm_ bmJUma Zmht. Ë`mÀ`mer Vwåhr g»` H$amdo ho CÎm_. VwåhrWmoa d§em§V {ZnObm AgyZ qhXþY_m©Mm Vwåhm§g nyU© A{^_mZ Amho ho nmhÿZ Amåhm§g_moR>m g§Vmof dmQ>V Amho. ñdY_©ajUmW© d ñdamÁ`ñWmnZmW© Vwåhr Mmb{dboë`mgXþÚmoJmg Am_Mr nyU© AZwHy$bVm Amho. Vw_Mm ~Mmd H$ê$Z Vw_Mr gÎmm H$m`_amImdr Ag| Am_À`m _Zm§V Amho. m ~m~VrV Vw_Mm _mZg H$m` Amho V| H$idmdo.''

Aem Ame`mMo nÌ O`qgJmH$Sy>Z Amë`mZo _hmamOmMr qMVm ~arM Xÿa Pmbr.Ë`mÀ`m A§Jm§V XodrZo g§Mê$Z Ë`m§g O`qgJmer g»` H$amd`mg gm§{JVbo; dnXaÀ`m bmoH$m§Mm{h AgmM A{^àm` nS>bm. åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr aKwZmWn§Vmg O`qgJmH$So>g_oQ>mM| ~mobUo H$amd`mg nmR>{db|. øm d{H$bm~amo~a O`qgJmbm Ë`m§Zt nÌ nmR>{dboË`mMm Ame` Agm… ""AmnU dm{V©H$m~amo~a nÌ nmR>{db| Vo nmhÿZ AË`mZ§X Pmbm.V| XmoÝhr hmVm§Zr KoD$Z {nV¥Xe©ZVwë` _mZyZ _r öX`mer Y[ab|. AmnUmH$Sy>Z nÌoÊ`mMm {H$_{n ^mg ZgVm Vo Ambo `m~Ôb nyU© g_mYmZ dmQy>Z qMVm Xya Pmbr.

nÌtMm ^md g_OyZ V| __VoZ| ^abo Amho Ago dmQ>bo. nÌ dmMVm§jUrM Xe©Zmg{~Z{X¸$V `mdo; H$moUË`m[h Jmoï>rMm _Zm§V AUw_mÌ Amjon Z Am{UVm§ d ho naH$sAmhoV Aer qMVm _Zm§V Aën{h Z H$[aVm§ Amnë`mda Adb§~yZ am{hë`mZo dm§pÀN>VhoVw n[anyU© hmoD$Z _mPo gd© àH$mar H$ë`mU hmoB©b Ago _bm dmQ>bo. Ogo Amnbo{Ma§Ord am_qgJamd amOo VÛV _bm g_OyZ AmnU __Vmnyn©H$ nÌ {b{hbo VoUoH$éZ_mP| {MÎm A{Vg§Vmof nmdbo. hr Aer d¥{Îm _mPr Pmbr Amho H$s H$g| V| EH$OJX§~m OmUo. Vw_M| {X„rhÿZ X{jU|V AmJ_Z Pmbo hr CÎm_ Jmoï> KSy>Z Ambr._mPo gd© _ZmoaW {gÕ hmoVrb Aer _mÂ`m {XbmMr ImÌr Pmbr. _mPo gd© ^` Zï>hmoD$Z _Z AmZ§Xm{Ve` nmdbo. AmnU jmÌY_©g§ajUH$V} Amhm§. ~mXehmMr Amåhm§daBVamOr Va ~hþV Pmbr Amho. nwT>| H$m§hr VaUmonm` {XgV Zmhr. hr {dd§MZmAmåhmg bmJyZ am{hbr Amho. ~mXehm gdm©Mo ImdX h| à_mU. na§Vw jmÌY_m©gAdamoY Pmbm. åboÀN>_` Yam Pmbr. A{dYm CÝ_V hmoD$Z qhXþY_© ~wS>drV Mmbbo.g§nyU© nwÊ`joÌo ^«ï> H$ê$Z Ë`m ñWbr Vo JmodY H$ê$§ bmJbo. Xodmb | nmSy>Z VoW|

85

Ë`m§Zt _{eXr ~m§{Yë`m. Ë`m§Mm hoVw H$s¨ qhXþY_© a{hV Yam H$amdr. hm gd© àH$maAgø dmQy>Z d{S>bm§À`m àVmnmZo d lrOJX§~oÀ`m AZwJ«hmZo `dZm§er AmOn ªV _r`Wme{º$ {damoY Ho$bm. qhXþY_m©Mm A{^_mZ qhXþamOm§Zr Q>m{H$bm ho H$m§ht Mm§JboZmhr. øm ^y{_M| amÁ` qhXÿ amOo nwamVZ H$mimnmgyZ H$arV Ambo AgyZ gm§àV VonX^«ï> hmoD$Z dZm§Mo A§{H$V Pmbo AmhoV ho nmhy>Z _Z C{Û¾ hmoVo. øm Jmoï>rg§~§YmZ|AmnUm§g nyU© B©fm© Agmdr. AmVm§ ~mXehmMr _r AZoH$ àH$mar AmJirH$ Ho$ë`m_wi|Ë`mbm H«$moY oD$Z Ë`mZo AmnUmg _Oda nmR>{db| Amho. Var nmXehmMo Xa~§XJrg_r A§Va H$aUma Zmht. _OH$So> Oo {H$„o d àm§V AmhoV Vo _t Amnë`m ~mhþ~bmZ|naamÁ`mVyZ H$m~rO Ho$bo AmhoV. Ë`m§g ~mXehmH$Sy>Z CnÐd Zm hmoVm Ë`mM| _Z_mÂ`m{df`r ñdÀN> ìhmdo ho _bm Bï> Amho. Ë`mÀ`m _ZmV X{jU H$m~rO H$amd`mMrAmho. Ë`mg _r _ZmnmgyZ _XV H$arZ.'' aKwZmWn§Vm~amo~a ho nÌ XoD$Z AmUIrnwîH$i ~hþ_mob ZOamUm _hmamOm§Zr O`qgJmg nmR>{dbm.

O`qgJmZo aKwZmWn§VmMr ôQ> AmXanyd©H$ KoVbr d _hmamOm§H$Sy>Z Amboë`mZOamÊ`mMm àr{Vnyd©H$ ñdrH$ma Ho$bm. _hmamOm§Zr nmR>{dbob|o nÌ dmMyZ d Vm|S>MmAmUIr {Zamon EoHy$Z Ë`mbm g_mYmZ dmQ>b|; Am{U Ë`mZ| Ë`m d{H$bmÀ`m hmVt_hmamOm§g {Zamon nmR>{dbm Vmo Agm: ""Am¡a§JOo~mgma»`m ~bmT>ç ~mXehmerñnYm© Ho$ë`mZo H$mhrEH$ {hV hmoUma Zmht. Vwåhr Am_À`m~amo~a ~mXehmÀ`m ôQ>rgMbmdo. AUw_mÌ r{V {MÎmm§V dmJdy§ Z o. Ogo Am_Mo nwÌ am_qgJ VgoM Vwåhr _bmAmhm§. Amåhr aOnyV gË`dºo$ Amhmo. Am_À`mnmgyZ ~oB_mZnUm hmoUma Zmhr. Aer{Zem _mZyZ Vwåhr àm§Ob {MÎmmZ| Am_À`m ôQ>rg `md|. _Zm§V H$m§htEH$ {X¸$V Yê$Z o. ~mXehmnmer Vw_Mr gd© Jmoï>rZr {e\$mag H$ê$Z Vwåhm§bm ñdamÁ`mg md`mbm{Zamon Xod{dVmo. _J O`qgJmZ| aKwZmWn§Vmg {XboaImZmÀ`m ôQ>rg Zobo; Am{U Ë`mXmoKm§À`m gëë`mZ| Ag| R>ab| H$s _hmamO H$moUË`m Jmoï>r Am¡a§JOo~mnmgyZ R>adyZKoD$ BÀN>rV AmhoV Ë`m Ë`m§Zr ZrQ> Iwbmgodma H$idmì`m, åhUOo Ë`mgmaIm {dMmaH$aVm oB©b. hm Agm {Zamon XoD$Z O`qgJmZo aKwZmWn§Vmg dómb§H$mam§Zr Jm¡a{dbod _hmamOm§gmR>r Ë`mOH$So> ZOamUm {Xbm.

hm {Zamon Amë`mda _hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m H$amam§Mr EH$ `mXr V`ma Ho$br,VrVrb Ame` nwT>rb_mUo hmoVm… ""Amåhr Oo àm§V d {H$„o> H$m~rO Ho$bo AmhoV Vo


¾ÖÖµÖ 652-10

g§{já {edM[aÌ86

Xamo~ñV Am_Mo Amåhm§H$So> amhmdo, Am{U daH$S> X{jU àm§VmMr Mm¡WmB© d gaXoe_wIrAm_À`mH$So> Mmbmdr.'' hr `mXr KoD$Z aKwZmWn§V nwZ… O`qgJmH$So> Jobm Voìhm§Ë`mZ| Ë`mbm Ag| gm§{JVb| H$s¨ amOo Am_À`m ôQ>rg Amë`mda VhmÀ`m AQ>rZrQ>nUo R>ady. na§Vw O`qgJ {edmOr _hmamOm§Mr ôQ> KoD$Z VhmMr H$b_o _wH«$aH$aUma ho {XboaImZmg ng§V dmQ>bo Zmhr. Ë`mZ| Ë`mbm Ag| gm§JyZ nmR>{db| H$s~mXehmMr _§Owar KoVë`mdm§MyZ VhmMr Jmoï> ~moby ZH$m. _r nwa§Xamg doT>m KmVbmAmho, Vmo _r H$m§ht Pmb| Var KoVë`mdm§MyZ amhUma Zmht. Vwåhr[h qghJS> H$m~rOH$amdm. O`qgJmZo Ë`mMr Aer g_OyV KmbÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm H$s ¨{edmOr_hmamOm§À`m EHy$UEH$ {H$ëë`mMm ~§Xmo~ñV CÎm_ Amho. Ë`m§Mm EH$EH${H$„m H$m~rO H$aÊ`mÀ`m à`ËZm§V hOmamo bmoH$m§Mm Zme hmoD$Z {H$Vr Var {XdgaIS>mdo bmJUma. {ZOm_emhrMo OodT>o {H$„o {edmOr_hmamOm§Zr hñVJV Ho$bo AmhoVVodT>o Ë`m§À`mer Vh H$ê$Z gmoS>dyZ KoVbo åhUOo Amnb| H$m_ Pmbo. hr _gbV Ë`mgaXmambm éMbr Zmhr, Am{U _hmamOm§er gbmo»`mMm Vh H$aÊ`mM| O`qgJmbmVhHy$~ H$amd| bmJbo.

{XboaImZmZo nwa§Xamg nwîH$i bmoH$m§{Zet doT>m {Xbm hmoVm. Ë`m {H$ëë`mdaMmhdmbm _wama ~mOr à^w Zm§dmÀ`m EH$m gaXmamH$So> hmoVm. Vmo A{Ve{`V eya d hþemahmoVm. {H$„çm§V AÞgm_J«r d Xmê$Jmoim _w~bH$ hmoVm. Ë`mZo _moJbm§À`m g¡Ý`mgnwîH$i {Xdg _wit XmX {Xbr Zmht. _moJbm§Mo hOmamo {enmB© Ë`m {H$ëë`mImbrJVàmU Pmbo. Var {XboaImZ bmoH$m§Mr ZdrZdr âVr H$ê$Z {H$ë`mda Vmo\$m§Mm_mam EH$gmaIm H$arV hmoVm. eodQ>t Ë`mZ| {H$ë`mÀ`m EH$m ~mOybm gwé§J bmdyZVQ>mbm ^JXmS> nmS>b| d Ë`m§VyZ Amnbo bmoH$ da MT>{dbo. _wama ~mOrZo Ë`m§Mm Vmoh„m _mJ| hQ>{dbm. øm doir _wama ~mOr AJXt {Odmda CXma hmoD$Z hmVr T>mb{\$a§JKoD$Z gdmªÀ`m nwT>| hmoD$Z bT>V hmoVm. Ë`m_wio _mdù`m§Zm namH$mð>oMm Mod Ambm.nwîH$i _mdio YmamVrWu nS>bo, d _moJb g¡Ý`mMr{h AVmoZmV H$Îmb CS>mbr. hmAgm _hmamOm§À`m Ë`m eya gaXmamMm namH«$_ nmhÿZ {XboaImZ AJXr M{H$V Pmbm.Ë`mZo _moJbm§Mm h„m _mJ| aoQ>rV aoQ>rV {H$ëë`mÀ`m Vimn ªV nmoM{dbm. ho nmhÿZ{XboaImZmg{h A{Ve{`V Ëdof oD$Z Ë`mZ| Amnbm hÎmr aUH§$XZm§V nwT>| Zobm Am{UAmnë`m bmoH$m§g CÎmoOZ XoÊ`mMr {eH$ñV Ho$br. _wama ~mOrÀ`m hmVmVbr T>mb

87

VwQy>Z nS>br AgyZ Vmo hmVmbm eobm Jw§S>miyZ Ë`mda eÌyMo àhma KoV hmoVm. Vmo AgmbT>V bT>V Odi Ambm Ago nmhÿZ {XboaImZmZ| Ë`mbm hmH$ _mê$Z åhQ>bo: ""Vy§_moR>m eya `moÕm Amhog. VwPm hm AmOMm AX²^yV namH«$_ nmhÿZ _r Ho$di M{H$VPmbmo Amho. Vy§ øm g_`r H$m¡b KoD$Z _mÂ`m ñdmYrZ hmo. _t Vwbm _moR>çm `mo½`VogMT>{dVmo.'' ho Ë`mMo eãX EoHy$Z _wama ~mOr Ë`mMm {Y¸$ma H$ê$Z ~mobbm: ""VwåhrVwéH$S>o, Vw_Mm {hgm~ H$m`? _r {edmOr_hmamOm§Mm ZmoH$a Amho. _r VwPm H$m¡bKoVmo H$s¨ H$m`? _r øm aUm§V Amnbm XohnmV H$arZ, nU Vwbm ghgm eaU oUmaZmhr.'' Ag| ~mobyZ ImZmda Amnë`m VadmarMm dma H$aÊ`mÀ`m ~oVm§V Vmo hmoVm,BVŠ`m§V ImZmZo Vra _mê$Z Ë`mMo {ea CS>{db|!

Amnbm _moham nS>bm Var _mdù`m§Zr Yra Z gmoS>Vm ImZm§À`m bmoH$m§et bT>VbT>V nwZ: {H$„çmda MTy>Z OmD$Z XadmOo bmdyZ KoVbo. BVŠ`m§V _hmamOm§H$Sy>ZAmUIr Hw$_H$ oD$Z Ë`m§Zm Zdm X_ Ambm. BH$So> ImZmZ| Agm nU Ho$bm H$s¨ hm{H$„m KoÊ`mÀ`m H$m_t {H$Vr{h bmoH$ IMu nS>bo Var Z S>J_JVm§ Vmo ga Ho$ë`mdm§MyZamhmd`mMo Zmht. Ag| gm§JVmV H$s¨ Ë`mZo§ Amnë`m S>moH$sMr nJS>r CVê$Z Aerà{Vkm Ho$br H$s¨ hm JS> KoB©Z Voìhm§ nJS>r naV KmbrZ. na§Vw hr Ë`mMr à{Vkm_hmamOm§À`m eya _mdù`m§Zr eodQ>mg OmD$§ {Xbr Zmhr.

BH$So> {g§hJS>mg doT>m KmbÊ`mg Á`m gaXmambm O`qgJmZ| nmR>{db| hmoV| Vmo{haS>V _mKmar Jobm. Ë`mÀ`m ~hþVoH$ \$m¡OoMr _hmamOm§À`m bmoH$m§Zr H$Îmb CS>{dbr.Vo _moJbm§À`m N>mdÊ`mda {OH$Sy>Z{VH$Sy>Z N>mno KmbyZ H$mnmH$mnr d bwQ>mbyQ> H$arVd hmVt bmJVrb VodT>o KmoSo>, ~¡b, C§Q> dJ¡ao KoD$Z OmV, Ë`m§Zm XmUm, d¡aU dJ¡aoH$moRy>Z{h {_iy XoV ZgV d OdinmgÀ`m amZmg AmJ bmdyZ XoD$Z Ë`m§g Km~aoH$arV. hm Agm MmohmoH$Sy>Z EH$gmaIm CngJ© hmoD$§ bmJë`m_wi| O`{g§Jmbm AmnUoWyZ {Odm§{Zer H$go gwQy>Z OmVmo Aer qMVm dmQy> bmJbr; Am{U nwa§Xa {H$ëë`mnmer{h

ImZmÀ`m bmoH$mMr AVmoZmV Iam~r hmoD$Z Vmo AJXt {O{H$arg Ambm Amho Ag|H$ibo. Voìhm§ Ë`mZ| Ë`mbm Agm {Zamon nmR>{dbm H$s¨, {edmOr_hmamOm§et Vh H$ê$ZAmnU g§H$Q>_wº$ ìhmd| h| ~a| {XgV|. `m doit ImZmbm Ë`mM| åhUU| nQy>Z VhmM|~mobUo bmdÊ`mg Ë`mZ| _mÝ`Vm {Xbr.


g§{já {edM[aÌ88

_J O`qgJmZ| nwZ… EH$ doi dm{V©H$ nmR>dyZ _hmamOm§Zm Ag| H$i{db§o H$rVwåhr KmVboë`m AQ>tà_mUo Vh H$aÊ`mMr Am_Mr V`mar Amho; _mÌ nwa§Xa {H$ëë`mdaImZmÀ`m AmJ«hmñVd Am_M| {ZemU bmdy Úmdo. _J VhmV Vmo {H$„m hdm Agë`mgnaV ¿`mdm. Vwåhr Amåhm§g ôQy>Z Oo H$m§ht H$ama H$amd`mMo Vo H$amdo. Am_À`mdanyU© âdgm R>odyZ {~Z{X¸$V Am_À`m ôQ>rg `mdo. O`qgJmÀ`m øm {Zamonmbm_hmamOm§Zr Agm O~m~ nmR>{dbm H$s¨, ""nwa§Xa {H$ëë`mda Vw_M| {ZemU bmdy XoU|Va XÿaM am{hb|, nU Ë`m {H$ë`mnwT>Mr ImZmMr \$m¡O CR>dyZ éÐ_mi Ë`mZ| KoVbmAmho Vmo naV Úmdm, åhUOo _J ôQ>rg oD$Z Vh H$aÊ`mMm {dMma nmhÿ§.'' hmË`m§À`mH$S>Mm O~m~ Amë`mda O`qgJmZ| Ë`m§Mr hr AQ> H$~yb H$ê$Z Ë`m§gAmnë`m ôQ>rg ~mobm{dbo.

Ë`mdê$Z _hmamO _moR>çm WmQ>mZo O`qgJmÀ`m oQ>rg Jobo. Vo Odi Ambo Ag|H$iVmM O`qgJ H$m§ht bmoH$m§gh Ë`m§g gm_moam Jobm. Vmo AmnUm§g gm_moam AmbmAg| nmhÿZ _hmamO hÎmrdê$Z Imbr CVê$Z nwT>| nm`r MmbV Jobo. O`qgJ{hAmnë`m hÎmrdê$Z CVê$Z MmbV nwT>| Ambm. Ë`m§Zr EH$_oH$m§g ào_mqbJZ {Xbo.Ë`m~amo~a C^` njmMr dmÚ| dmOy bmJbr. _J O`qgJmZo _hmamOm§g Amnë`mA§~marV ~gdyZ dmOVJmOV Soè`mg Zob|. VoW| Joë`mda Vo XmoKo EH$m AmgZmda~gbo. _hmamOm§Mr Vr B^«V d Vo VoO nmhÿZ O`qgJ d BVa gaXma AJXt X§J Pmbo._J O`qgJ åhUmbm: ""Amåhr Vwåhm§g gd© àH$mao AZwHy$b Amhmo. Amåhm§g Vw_MmnyU© A{^_mZ Amho. Vwåhr Amåhr H$mhr {Zamio Zmht. Vw_À`m BÀN>oà_mUo ~mXemhmH$Sy>Zgd© H$m§ht ì`dñWm H$a{dVmo.'' O`qgJmMo Ag| AmXamMo d ào_mMo ^mfU EoHy$Z_hmamO åhUmbo: ""Vwåhr _bm d{S>bm§g_mZ Amhm§. Vw_À`m R>m`r _mPm nyU© ^mdAmho. _t {_i{dbobo amÁ o gmao Vw_Mo Amho, _r{h Vw_MmM Amho. d{S>bm§À`m_m§S>rda _mP| boH$amMo Cgo Amho. Vw_À`m Amkoà_mUo _r Vw_À`m Xe©Zmg Ambm|Amh|. `m Jmoï>rMm A{^_mZ Yê$Z O| `mo½` {Xgob V| H$aÊ`mg dS>rb g_W© AmhoV.Vwåhm§g Oo {H$„o nm{hOoV Vo XoÊ`mg _r V`ma Amh|.'' ho Ë`m§M| Z_«VoMo ^mfU EoHy$ZO`qgJ g§Vmof nmdbm. _J Ë`mZ| Ë`m§g {XboaImZmÀ`m ôQ>rg nmR>{dbo. Vmo Ë`mdoit nwa§Xa {H$ëë`mnmer AgyZ Ë`mÀ`m bmoH$m§Mm {H$ëë`mda MmohmoH$Sy>Z Vmo\$m§Mm_mam gwê$ hmoVm. _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mMr ôQ> KoD$Z _moR>çm Z_«VoM| ^mfU Ho$b| Am{UAer {dZdUr Ho$bt H$s¨, ""_mPo AmOn ªVMo dV©Z _Zmg Z Am{UVm§ _mPr

89

~mXehmnmer aX~Xbr H$ê$Z Vmo _bm Amnë`m nXar ZmoH$arg R>odrb Ag| H$am. øm{H$ëë`mda AmVm _mam H$aÊ`mM| ~§X H$am. Vmo _r Vw_À`m ñdmYrZ H$[aVm|. Ë`mÀ`m{H$ëë`m øm _t Vwåhm§bm Úmd`mbm Am{Uë`m AmhoV.'' Ë`m {H$ë`m hmVt nS>VmMImZ Iyf Pmbm Am{U åhUmbm…""O`qgJ dS>rb AmhoV. Vo O| H$mhr H$[aVrb V|_bm _mÝ` Amho.'' _J Ë`mZ| Ë`m {H$„çmMm doT>m CR>{dbm d {H$ëë`mdaÀ`mbmoH$m§g _hmamOm§Zr {Zamon nmR>{dë`m_wio Vo{h ñdñW Pmbo. Ag| gm§JVmV H$s¨ øm[H$„çmdaÀ`m Amnë`m Caboë`m bmoH$m§Mr H$Îmb hmoD$§ Z o d Ë`m§Mr ~m`H$m_wboeÌyÀ`m hmVt bmJyZ Ë`m§Mr {dS>§~Zm hmoD$§ Z o åhUyZ _hmamOm§Zr Vh H$aÊ`mMr hrAer Ëdam Ho$br.

ømà_mU| _moJb gaXmam§g ñdñW ~gmd`mg bmdyZ _hmamOm§Zm O`qgJmerVhmÀ`m AQ>rg§~§YmZo ~arM ^d{VZ^d{V Ho$br; Am{U eodQ>t VhmMr H$b_o R>abrVt Aet:

""_hmamOm§Zr _moJbm§Mo KoVbobo gJio {H$„o gmoSy>Z Úmdo; {ZOm_emhtVrbË`m§Zt ga Ho$bobo d ZdrZ ~m§Ybobo EH§$Xa ~Îmrg {H$„o hmoVo Ë`mn¡H$s drg {H$„oAmgnmgÀ`m àm§Vm§gh Ë`m§Zt O`qgJmÀ`m ñdmYrZ H$amdo, d ~mH$sMo ~mam {H$„o dË`mbJVMm gmam àm§V Ohm{JarXmIb Amnë`mH$So> R>odmdm; {edmOr _hmamOm§Zt{dOmnyaH$am§À`m gÎmoVrb Oo àm§V d {H$„o H$m~rO Ho$bo AmhoV Vo Ë`m§À`mH$So> {Zd}Yamhmdo; Am{U hr gJir {X„rÀ`m ~mXehmH$Sy>Z OhmJra {_imbr Amho Ag|g_OyZ Ë`m§M| A§{H$VËd ñdrH$mê$Z Ë`m§Zt amhmdo. Ë`m§Mm _wbJm g§^mOr Omo Ë`mdoit AmR> dfm©Mm hmoVm Ë`mbm ~mXehmH$Sy>Z nm§M hOma ñdmam§Mr _Zg~ {_imdr.{ZOm_emhtVrb Amnbo d{S>bmonm{O©V h¸$ Ë`m§Zt gmoSy>Z Úmdo d Ë`m§À`m_mo~Xë`mXmIb {dOmnyaH$am§À`m A_bmVrb Omo _wbyI _moJb {O§H$Vrb Ë`mVyZKmQ>mdaMm nm§M bmI hmoZ CËnZmMm d H$moH$UmVrb Mma bmI hmoZ CËnÞmMm àm§VË`m§g Úmdm. A{XbehmÀ`m A_bmVrb Km§Q>mdaÀ`m àm§Vm§Mr Mm¡WmB© d gaXoe_wIrdgyb H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ _hmamOm§g Úmdm d O§Oram Ë`m§À`m ñdmYrZ H$amdm. ømeodQ>ë`m VrZ AQ>r Am¡a§JOo~mg _mÝ` hmoD$Z Ë`m~ÔbMo \$a_mZ Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>ZAmë`mg _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mg Mmirg bmI hmoZ noeIwf åhUyZ Úmdo; hr aH$_ Ë`m§ZrVrZ bmI én`m§À`m dm{f©H$ hßË`m§Zt amdr. _moJbmg gmhmæ` H$aÊ`mH$[aVm§ _hmamOm§ZrAmUIr ñdma MmH$arg R>odmdo.''


g§{já {edM[aÌ90

O`{g§JmZo øm VhmÀ`m AQ>r Am¡a§JOo~mH$So> AOm©À`m ê$nmZo nmR>dyZ Aer{e\$mag Ho$br H$s¨ øm AQ>r _mÝ` H$ê$Z {edmOrg Amnbm A§{H$V Ho$b| VaMAmnUm§g {dOmnyaH$amMo amÁ` ~wS>dyZ X{jUXoe H$m~rO H$[aVm§ oUma Amho. Am¡a§JOo~mZoO§{Oè`mg§~§YmMr VodS>r AQ> IoarOH$ê$Z gJù`m AQ>r H$~yb Ho$ë`m Am{U _hmamOm§ZmEH$ _moR>o nÌ, {IbmV ({eanmd) d \$a_mZ Aer nmR>dyZ {Xbr.

nwT>o O`qgJmZo {dOmnyaH$amet wÕ gwê$ Ho$bo, Ë`m§V _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mbm Mm§Jbr_XV Ho$br _§JidoT>o oWo _moJbm§Mr d {dOmnyaH$am§Mr _moR>r bT>mB© Pmbr. VrV C^`njm§H$So> Zm_m§{H$V _amR>o gaXma hmoVo. _hmamOm§Mm gmdÌ ^mD$ ì §H$moOr øm bT>mB©VA{XbehmÀ`m dVrZ| bT>bm. IwÔ _hmamO d àVmnamd JwOa _moJbm§À`m V\$}ZobT>bo. øm doir Ë`m§Zr em¡ m©Mr d wÕ H$m¡eë`mMr AJXt namH$mð>m Ho$br. _hmamOm§MoAbm¡{H$H$ Y¡ © d wÕ dmnë` nmhÿZ O`qgJ AJXt W¸$ Pmbm. Ë`mZo Am¡a§JOo~mbmnÌ nmR>{db| Ë`m§V Ë`mZ| _hmamOm§Mr A{Ve{`V ñVw{V Ho$br. ømdê$Z Am¡a§JOo~mZo_hmamOm§g nwZ… EH$ nÌ nmR>dyZ Ë`m§Mr \$maM Vmar\$ Ho$br Am{U Amnë`m H¥$noM|gyMH$ åhUyZ Ë`mg {eanmd Am{U aËZI{MV I§Ora nmR>dyZ {Xbm.

ømà_mU| _hmamOm§Mr `mo½`Vm Am¡a§JOo~mÀ`m Ü`mZm§V òD$Z Ë`mbm AJXtAmnbmgm H$ê$Z Q>mH$Ê`mÀ`m BamÚmZo Ë`mZo _moR>çm Jm¡admM| nÌ nmR>dyZ Ë`m§ZmAmnë`m ôQ>rgmR>r Am½è`mg ~mobm{dbo Am{U Ago A{^dMZ {Xbo H$s¨ BH$So>Amë`mda Vwåhm§g _moR>çm `mo½`Vog MT>dy d _moR>m {H$Vm~ XoD$Z X{jUoV naVOmÊ`mg aOm XoD$§. O`qgJmg Ë`mZ| Ag| {b{hb| H$r {edmOr _hmamOm§g w{º$à wº$sZo§Amnë`m Xa~mar nmR>dyZ Úmdo d Ë`m§À`m dmQ>IMm©bm EH$ bmI én o Úmdo. hm AgmhþHy$_ Amë`mda O`qgJmZo _hmamOmg Am½è`mg OmÊ`mMm \$maM AmJ«h Ho$bm. Vmo_hmamOm§Zm åhUmbm: ""{VH$So> OmÊ`mg§~§YmZ| _Zm§V H$m§ht EH$ qH$Vw Yê$ Z o. VoW|_mPm _wbJm am_qgJ Amho Vmo Vw_Mr gJir VOdrO R>odrb. Vmo Vwåhm§g H$moUË`m{hàH$maMm XJm\$Q>H$m hmoD$§ XoUma Zmht. hm Agm O`qgJmMm AmJ«h nS>ë`m_wio dAmœgZ {_ië`m_wi| Am¡a§JOo~mÀ`m ôQ>rg OmÊ`mMm _hmamOm§Zr {Zü` Ho$bm.

***

91

^mJ gVamdm

Am½è`mg à`mU (gZ 1666 - 67)

O`qgJmMm AË`mJ«h nS>ë`m_wio d Am¡a§JOo~mMo{h CÎmoOZna nÌ Amë`mdê$Z_hmamOm§Zr {X„rg OmÊ`mMm R>amd Ho$bm. Vmo Ë`m§À`m nXaÀ`m gaXmamg _wir ng§VdmQ>bm Zmht. Vo Ë`m§À`m ~oVmbm AZoH$ àH$mat haH$Vr KoD$$ bmJbo. Ë`mda _hmamOåhUmbo: ""AmVm§ {X„rg OmUo àmáM Amho. {VH$So> Joë`mZo CÎmaoH$S>rb _wbyI,~mXehmM| Xa~ma d Am_À`m nyd©Om§Zr CÎmaXoer amÁ o Ho$br Vt ñWmZ| nmhmd`mg{_iVrb. {VH$S>rb aOnyV amOm§À`m d gaXmam§À`m AmoiIr hmoVrb. {VH$S>rbVrWm©Mo Xe©Z KSo>b. O`qgJ amOm§Zr AmœmgZ {Xb| Agë`m_wi| ^rVrMo H$m§hrEH$H$maU Cabo Zmhr. BVH|${h H$ê$Z EH$mXm {~H$Q> àg§J Ambm AgVm§ Ë`m§VyZ AmåhrlrÀ`m H¥$noZo {Z^mdyZ oD$ Aer Amåhm§g Y_H$ Amho.'' ømà_mU| Ë`m§Mr haH$V_moSy>Z H$mT>y>Z Ë`m§Zt g§^mOrgh {X„rg OmÊ`mMm {dMma H$m`_ Ho$bm.

_J _moamon§V noedo, AÊUmOr XÎmmo gwaZrg d {ZimogmoZXod _wOw_Xma øm {VKm§ggdm©ì`j Zo_yZ Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§À`m ñdmYrZ gJim amÁ`H$ma^ma Ho$bm. Am{U Amnë`mgJù`m gaXmam§g d H$ma^mè`m§g Ë`m§À`m AmkoV dmJyZ {_i{dboë`m _wbImMmCÎm_ ~§Xmo~ñV R>odmd`mg gm§{JVb|. Vo åhUmbo: ""{VH$So >H$gm{h àg§J Ambm VarZ S>J_JVm Ë`m§VyZ ha wº$sZo nmanSy>Z Amåhr ñdXoer oD$. Amåhm§g H$m§ht XJm\$Q>H$mPmë`mg {VH$S>rb O`qgJmgmaIo amOo Am_À`m dVrZo ^m§S>Ê`mg V`ma hmoVrbAer Am_Mr ImÌr Amho. Am_Mr qMVm Vwåhr H$ê$§ Z o. Am_À`m _mVmolrgmho~m§M|g_mYmZ Vwåhr dma§dma H$arV Om. Ë`m§Zm H$mhrEH$ CUo nSy§> XoD$§ ZH$m. `XmH$Xm{MV²Am_À`mda {VH$So> Añ_mZrgwbVmZr JwXabr Var Vwåhr {~bHy$b Z Km~aVm ñdamÁ`mMoajU H$am d amOmam_mÀ`m Zmdo amÁ`H$ma^ma Mmbdm. Vw_À`m B_mZmda, hþemarda dqh_Vrda nyU© {dœmg R>odyZ gd© amÁ` Vwåhm§g {ZadyZ _r CÎmaog OmV Amho.''

g§{já {edM[aÌ92

ømà_mUo _mJbr gJir ì`dñWm bmdyZ _hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m ~amo~a H$m§hrH$maHy$Z d VrZMma hOma {ZdS>H$ _mdio ~amo~a ZoÊ`mg V`ma Ho$bo. _J _mVwlrM|Xe©Z KoD$Z, {VMo MaU d§XÿZ d {VMm Am{edm©X KoD$Z Vo O`qgJmÀ`m ôQ>rg nwZ…Jobo. VoW| Ë`mZ| Ë`m§g WmQ>mMr _oOdmZr XoD$Z _moR>çm ào_mMm {Zamon {Xbm. Ë`mZ|Amnbm _wbJm am_qgJ Omo Ë`m doir Am¡a§JOo~mÀ`m Xa~mar§ hmoVm Ë`mbm EH$ nÌ{Xb| Am{U Ë`m§Mr AmUIr EH$ doi Aer ImVaO_m Ho$br H$s¨, ""Vwåhr {X„rVyZnaV oB©n ªV _r X{jUoV amhVmo, d BH$So> Vw_À`m Vmã`m§Vrb àm§Vm§g d {H$ëë`m§g_moJbm§H$Sy>Z H$mhrEH$ CnÐd hmoUma Zmhr Agm ~§Xmo~ñV R>o{dVmo. Am¡a§JOo~mZoVw_À`mer H$m§hr XJm~mOr Ho$ë`mg _mPm nwÌ am_qgJ Va Vw_Mm ~Mmd H$aÊ`mgAdí` PQ>ob. BVH|$M Zìho Va Vmo Vw_À`m àrË`W© ~mXehmer {damoY H$aÊ`mgMwH$Uma Zmht; d _r{h BH$Sy>Z Ë`mMr ImoS> _moS>Ê`mg V`ma hmoB©Z.''

{edmOr_hmamO Amnë`m oQ>rg md`mg {ZKmë`mMo Am¡a§JOo~mg H$ibo Voìhm§Ë`m§Mr d Ë`m§À`m \$m¡OoMr àË oH$ Q>ßß`mg Mm§Jbr ì`dñWm R>odÊ`m{df`r Am¡a§JOo~mZoAmnë`m {R>H${R>H$mUÀ`m _hmbH$è`m§g d _moH$mgXmam§g VmH$sX nÌo nmR>{dbr. Ë`mdoir ~mXehmZo Amnbm Xa~ma Am½è`mg Zobm AgyZ VoW|M Vmo amhÿ> bmJbm hmoVm.`mñVd _hmamOm§g Ë`m ehar Omdo bmJbo. Am¡a§JOo~mZo Ë`m§À`m _w¸$m_mgmR>r EH$hdobr R>a{dbr hmoVr, VrV Vo OmD$Z am{hbo. ~mXehmZo Ë`m§À`m d Ë`m§À`m ~amo~aÀ`mbmoH$m§À`m IMm©Mr dJ¡ao VaVyX Mm§Jbr R>o{dbr. na§Vw øm doit emñVmImZmMr~m`H$mo VoW| hmoVr, {VZo Amnë`m _wbmMm d Amnë`m Zdè`mMm gyS> CJ{dÊ`mMm{Zü` Ho$bm d OZmZImÝ`m§Vrb ~m`H$m§H$So> d{ebm bmdyZ {edmOr_hmamO Mm§JbohmVr bmJbo AmhoV, Var Ë`m§Mm Zme H$ê$Z Amnë`m X{jUoVrb amÁ`mMm hm _moR>m[anw Zmhrgm H$aÊ`mMr _gbV ~mXehmbm Xod{dbr. na§Vw Vr Ë`mÀ`m Xa~maÀ`mgaXma bmoH$m§g ng§V nS>br Zmhr. H$maU O`qgJ, am_qgJ dJ¡ao gaXma Aem{dœmgKmVmÀ`m H¥$VrZo {~Wê$Z OmD$Z ~§S> H$[aVrb Agm Ë`m§Zm YmH$ hmoVm. ømË`m§À`m Bemè`m_wio Am¡a§JOo~mZo _hmamOm§Mm KmV H$aÊ`mMm ~oV a{hV Ho$bm.

Am¡a§JOo~mÀ`m dmT>{Xdgm{Z{_Îm Vm. 12, _o, gZ 1666 amoOr Xa~ma âUmahmoVm, Ë`m {Xdet _hmamOm§Zm ôQ>rg AmUmd| Ag| Ë`mZo am_qgJmg \$_m©{dbo.~mXehmZ| Ë`m {Xdet _moR>çm VaVwXrZ| Xa~ma â{dbm. _moR>_moR>çm B_mZr gaXmam§g

93

d nR>mUm§g Mm§Jbo gÁO H$ê$Z Amnë`m Vº$mÀ`m Amgnmg Z§½`m Vadmar{Zer CôHo$b|. H$maU Ë`mbm Aer XheV hmoVr H$s¨ {edmOr gm_mÝ` nwéf Zìho; Vmo Ho$dig¡VmZ Amho; àg§J nS>ë`mg Vmo drgn§Mdrg hmV CS>r _m[aVmo. gXarbà_mU| H$So>H$moQ>~§Xmo~ñV H$ê$Z Ë`mZ| A§Jm§V {MbIV MT>{dbo hmoV| d dê$Z _PbrZMm PJmKmVbm hmoVm. Amnë`m qghmgZmOdi Ë`mZ| nm§M hË`mao AJXr V`ma R>o{dbr hmoVt.Ë`m {Xder Xa~mamg EH§$Xa gaXma d eoQ>gmdH$ma Ambo hmoVo. _hmamOm§g nmhÊ`mMrCËH§$R>m gdmªZm bmJyZ am{hbr hmoVr.

_hmamO Amnë`m~amo~a WmoSo>go {ZdS>H$ bmoH$ KoD$Z am_[g§Jmg_doV H$MoargJobo. Ë`m§Zt [aVrà_mUo Hw$a{ZgmV H$ê$Z ~mXehmÀ`m Vº$mnwT>o ZOamUm R>o{dbm; dË`m§Mr am_qgJmZ| Zoh_rÀ`m [admOmà_mUo éOdmV Ho$br. ~mXehmZ| Ë`m§Zm Hw$ebàý{dMmabo, Ë`m§Mr Ë`m§Zt g_n©H$ CÎmao {Xbr. _J Ë`mZ| Ë`m§g COì`m hmVmH$S>rb~mOyg gmYmaU àVrÀ`m am§JoV OmD$Z Cô amhmd`mg hmVmZo IyU Ho$br. Ë`m ~mOyMogaXma n§MhOmar hmoVo, Ë`m§V Ë`m§Mr JUZm Ho$ë`m~Ôb _hmamOm§g amJ Ambm: Am{UVo VoW| ~mH$sÀ`m§~amo~a Cô Z amhVm Imbr ~gyZ am_qgJmnmet H$Q>ma _mJy bmJbo.øm àH$mamH$So> ~mXehmMo bj OmD$Z Ë`mZ| H$m` JS>~S> Amho åhUyZ {dMmabo.Voìhm§ OdiÀ`m gaXmam§Zt _hmamOm§Mo åhUU| Ë`mbm H$i{dbo. Ë`m~amo~a ~mXehmXMH$bm. AmVm§ hm H$m` H$arb H$moU OmUo Aer XheV dmQy>Z Ë`mZ| am_qgJmghþHy$_ Ho$bm H$s¨ {edmOramOm§g {ZamonmMo {dSo> XoD$Z naV KoD$Z Omd|. CX§{`H$ nwZ…_wbmIV hmoB©b. ømdê$Z am_qgJmZo _hmamOm§g Xa~mamVyZ${~èhmS>t Zobo. _hmamOm§gXoÊ`mgmR>r ~mXehmZo {eanmd, Odmhra d hÎmr hr V`ma R>o{dbr hmoVt. Vt Ë`m§ZmXoÊ`mMo Ë`m JS>~S>rV amhÿZ Job|.

ømZ§Va nwZ… Am¡a§JOo~mZo _hmamOm§g ôQ> XoÊ`mM| ZmH$mabo. Ë`mMm H$m` _mZgAmho V| g_OÊ`mgmR>r _hmamOm§Zr am_qgJmg Ë`mÀ`mH$So> nmR>{db|. Ë`mbm Ë`mZ|CÎma {Xb| Vo Ago: ""{edmOramOm§g Am_À`m nXar R>odyZ Ë`m§g _moR>_moR>t H$m_|gm§Jmdr Ag| Am_À`m _Zm§V Amho. X{jUoVbr OhmJra Ë`m§Zt Amnë`m nwÌmÀ`mZm§d| H$ê$Z Úmdr. Amåhr Ë`mbm BH$So> H$moamoS>mo én`m§Mr Zdr OhmJra H$ê$Z XoD$§.bmInÞmg hOma \$m¡O hmVmImbr KoD$Z Ë`m§Zt BH$So> _moR>_moR>çm H$m_{Jè`m H$amì`m.Ë`m§À`mgma»`m eya, MVwa d H$V©~Jma nwéfmMo MrO øm Xa~mam§V Mm§Jbo hmoB©b.''

Am½è`mg à`mU (gZ 1666 - 67)

g§{já {edM[aÌ94

øm O~m~mdê$Z _hmamOm§À`m bjmV Amb| H$s¨ øm H$nQ>r ~mXehmÀ`m _Zm§V _bmoW| Jw§VdyZ R>odyZ _mPm X{jU|Vrb H$mQ>m A{O~mV H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Ê`mMm BamXm Amho.

_J Ë`m§Zt Amnbm dH$sb aKwZmWn§V mbm ~mXehmH$So> nmR>dyZ Aer AOrOrHo$br H$s¨, ""Aem naŠ`m _wbIm§V amhÿZ naHo$ bmoH$ hmVmImbr KoD$Z _mÂ`m hmVyZ~mXehmMr Zm§d KoÊ`mgmaIr H$m§_{Jar hmoUma Zmht; Var _bm H$amamà_mUo Or H$m`~T>Vr Úmd`mMr Vr XoD$Z d H$m_{Jar gm§JyZ naV X{jUoV nmR>dmd|. am_qgJm~amo~a{hË`m§Zt AgmM {Zamon nmR>{dbm d Amnë`mer Ho$bobm H$ama _moS>U§o ~amo~a Zmht AgoË`mbm gwMdmd`mg gm§{JVbo. na§Vw Ë`mMm H$m§ht Cn`moJ Pmbm Zmht. ~mXehmZoË`m§Zm nwîH$i bmbyM XmIdyZ Amnë`m Xa~mar amhÊ`m{df`r AmJ«h Ho$bm. nUË`mbm Vo H$~yb Pmbo ZmhrV.

hm Agm Ë`m§Mm hÅ> nmhÿZ Ë`m§Zm Oa~ XmIdyZ Amnë`m åhUÊ`mg AZwHy$bH$ê$Z KoÊ`mMm KmQ> ~mXehmZ| KmVbm, Am{U ehamMm H$moVdmb nmobmXImZ `mg_hmamOm§À`m hdobrg nm§M hOma ñdmam§{ZerMm¡H$s XoÊ`mMo \$_m©{dbo. _hmamOmgH$moR>o OmUo oUo Pmb| Va Ë`m§À`mda gº$ nmhmam R>odmdm, Am{U Ë`m§À`m bmoH$m§gnadmÝ`mdmMyZ Am§V~mhoa OmD$§ XoD$§ Z o Aer ì`dñWm Ë`mbm H$amd`mg gm§{JVbo.hm Amnbm H$m|S>_mam nmhÿZ _hmamOm§Zr am_qgJm~amo~a ~mXehmg gm§JyZ nmR>{db|H$s¨ _r ~mXehmÀ`m _{O©à_mU| Xa~mar amhÊ`mg V`ma Amh|. na§Vw h| Ë`mM| åhUUo~mXehmg Iao dmQ>b| Zmhr.

øm AQ>Ho$VyZ H$g| gwQy>Z Omd| hm Ë`m§Zm {dMma nS>bm. nU bmJbrM Ë`m§ZmEH$ Mm§Jbr w{º$ gwMyZ {VMr moOZm H$aÊ`mMm Ë`m§Zr {Zü` Ho$bm. _J Amnë`m~amo~aAmboë`m bmoH$m§g X{jU|V nmR>dyZ XoÊ`mMr nadmZJr {_i{dbr. Vo bmoH$ _hmamOm§gAem g§H$Q>m§V gmoSy>Z OmÊ`mg V`ma hmoB©ZmV; nU Ë`m§Zt Ë`m§Mr Aer g_OyV Ho$brH$s¨ Vwåhr Odi Agë`mZ| Amåht gwQy>Z OmÊ`mMr Ho$bobr w{ŠV {gÕrg OmUmaZmht. Am_À`m {df`r Vwåhr _wit H$miOr H$ê$§ Z o. Ago _hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm {ZjyZgm§{JVë`mdéZ Vo {Zénm` hmoD$Z ñdXoer {ZKyZ Jobo.

_hmamOm§g AQ>H|$V R>odë`mM| dV©_mZ O`qgJmg H$ibo Voìhm§ Ë`mZ| ~mXehmgnwT>rb Ame`mMr nÌo nmR>{dbr… {edmOramOm§À`m {Odmg Anm` Pmë`mZo n[aUm_Mm§Jbm hmoUma Zmhr. ~mXehmÀ`m EH$m _moR>çm gaXmamZo Ho$bobr AmU^mH$ ImoQ>r

95

R>ê$Z Am_À`mda H$moUr{h H$gë`m{h ~m~VtV {dœmg R>odUma Zmht. AemZo Am_Mr~oA~«y hmoB©b. {edmOr_hmamOm§Mm àmUKmV Ho$bm Var Ë`mÀ`m amÁ`mMm Agm H$So>H$moQ>~§Xmo~ñV Amho H$s¨ V| Am_À`m hmVt ghgm oUma Zmhr; Am{U Ë`m§Mo eya gaXma d`moÕo {~Wê$Z OmD$Z Amåhm§_ AVmoZmV Ìmg XoVrb, Am_À`m eÌyg OmD$Z {_iVrbd Am_Mr ImoS> _moS>Ê`mg àd¥Îm hmoVrb. øm Aem Bemè`m_wio Am¡a§JOo~mbm_hmamOm§À`m {Odmg Y¸$m bmdÊ`mM| Y¡ © Pmbo Zmht.

da gm§{JVë`mà_mUo Amnë`m bmoH$m§g ñdXoer nmR>dyZ {Xë`mda _hmamOm§Zr~mXehmÀ`m nadmZJrZ| Ë`m Xa~maÀ`m gaXmam§À`m AmoiIr am_qgJmÀ`m _XVrZoH$ê$Z KoVë`m. Ë`m§M| ~mobUoMmbU| _mohH$ Agë`m_wi| Ë`m gaXmam§Mm ñZoh g§nmXÊ`mgË`m§Zm {db§~ bmJbm Zmht. Z§Va AmnU Jwê$dmaM| d«V H$ê$Z _moR>m CËgd H$[aVmoAgm ~hmUm H$ê$Z Ë`m{Z{_Îm Amnë`m ZdrZ XmoñV C_amdm§À`m Kat _odm{_R>mB©nmR>{dÊ`mMm H«$_ Ë`m§Zt Ama§{^bm. {_R>mB© AmUÊ`mZoÊ`mgmR>t doiyMo _moR>_moR>o XhmnoQ>mao Ë`m§Zt H$a{dbo. Ë`m§V {_R>mB© ^abr åhUOo Ë`m§g Xmoè`m ~m§YyZ _Ü | dm§goKmbyZ XmoZXmoZ _mUgm§Zm Vo Ý`mdo bmJV. ho noQ>mao OmD$§ bmJbo åhUOo Mm¡Š`m§damMo{enmB© Vo CKS>md`mg bmdyZ VnmgrV d _J nwT>| OmD$§ XoV. hm H«$_ Xa Jwédmar MmbyR>o{dë`m_wi| nwT>|nwT>| nmhaoH$ar gJioM noQ>mao CKSy>Z Z nmhVm EH$XmoZ nmhÿZ gmoSy>ZXoV. {edm` øm Mm¡Š`mdarb bmoH$m§Zm doimodoim BZm_| XoD$Z _hmamOm§Zt Iwf R>o{db|hmoV|. ømà_mUo Ë`m Mm¡H$sdmë`m§À`m _Zm§Vbm g§e` Kmb{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$ë`m_wi|Vo A_i Jm\$si amhÿ bmJbo; Am{U AmVm Amnbr gwQy>Z OmÊ`mMr w{º$ {gÕrgOmÊ`mMm ÑT> g§^d {Xgy§ bmJbm Ag| nmhÿZ Ë`m§Zt Amnë`mOdi Oo WmoSo>go bmoH$hmoVo Ë`m§g{h EH$m_mJyZ EH$ ñdXoer nmR>dyZ {Xb|; d Ë`mg VoWyZ OmD$Z A_wH${R>H$mUt Amnbr dmQ> nmhV amhmd| Ag| gm§{JVb|. eodQ>t {hamoOr \$OªX d XþgaoEH$XmoZ hþOao IoarO H$ê$Z _hmamOm§nmet H$moUr{h am{hbo ZmhtV.

ømZ§Va Ë`m§Zr AmnU AmOmar Agë`mM| {_f H$ê$Z Amnë`m Odi H$moUroD$Z AmnUm§g Ìmg XoD$§ Z o Ag| gm§{JVb|. Agm J¡aam~Vm amIyZ Ë`m§Zt AmUIr

WmoSo> {Xdg H$mT>bo; d Z§Va Amnë`m àH¥$Vrg Amam_ nS>V Mmbbm Amho Ag|gm§JyZ Vo Amnë`m {_Ìm§g d A_raC_amdm§g IwembrXmI§b {_R>mB©Mo noQ>mao EH$gmaIonmR>dy§ bmJbo, JmoaJ[a~m§g XmZY_© H$ê$§ bmJbo, d _{eXrVrb \${H$amg I¡amV

Am½è`mg à`mU (gZ 1666 - 67)

g§{já {edM[aÌ96

H$aÊ`mH$[aVm§ _odm{_R>mB©Mo noQ>mao ^ê$Z nmR>dy bmJbo. _J EHo$ {Xdet g§Ü`mH$mitH$m§ht noQ>mao {_R>mB©Z| ^ê$Z EH$m noQ>mè`mV AmnU ~gbo d Xþgè`m§V g§^mOrg~g{dbo; Am{U gJio noQ>mao Mm¡Š`m§dê$Z Mmb{dbo. {enm`m§Zr {ZË`mÀ`m n[anmR>mà_mU|EH$XmoZ noQ>mao CKSy>Z nmhÿZ gJio noQ>mao [~Z{X¸$V OmD$§ {Xbo. øm wº$sZ| _hmamOeham~mhoa nSy>Z Amnë`m bmoH$m§g OmD$Z {_imbo.

BH$So> _hmamOm§Mm ZmoH$a {hamoOr \$OªX _hmamOm§Mm nohamd KmbyZ d ~moQ>m§V_hmamOm§Mr Am§JR>r MT>dyZ Ë`m§À`m {~ÀN>mÝ`mda {ZOyZ am{hbm. Ë`m§Zo Amnb| gJi|A§J nm§KéUmZo PmHy$Z KoD$Z Am§JR>r KmVbobm hmV VodT>m CKS>m R>o{dbm, d OdiEH$m _wbmg nm` Monmd`mg ~g{dbo. Aer Ë`mZ| gJir amÌ H$mT>br, d {Xdg~amM da Ambm Var Vmo CR>bm Zmht. _hmamOm§À`m ImobrMm XadmOm AOyZ CKS>VZmht Ag| nmhÿZ nmhaodmbo pIS>H$s CKS>r hmoVr Vrnmer oD$Z _hmamO AOyZ H$m§CR>V ZmhtV Ago {dMmê$§ bmJbo. Ë`m _wbmg {eH$dyZ R>odë`mà_mU| Ë`mZ| CÎma {XboH$s¨ _hmamOm§Mr Vã`V amÌrnmgyZ A§_i A{YH$ {~KS>br Amho. h| EoHy$Z nmhaoH$arVoWyZ {Z_yQ>nUo {ZKyZ Jobo. _J H$m§hr doimZ| {hamoOr CRy>Z Amnbm nmofmI H$ê$Z Ë`m_wbmgh ~mhoa nS>bm, Am{U Am¡fY AmUmd`mg OmÊ`mÀ`m {_fmZo Vmo bJ~JrZo nma{ZKyZ Jobm. OmVm§Zm Vmo am_qgJmg ^oQy>Z _hmamO AQ>Ho$VyZ gwIê$n nma nS>ë`mMogm§JyZ ñdXoer MmbVm Pmbm.

BH$So> _hmamO eham~mhoa nS>ë`mda Xÿa EHo$ {R>H$mUt Ë`m§À`mgmR>r KmoS>m V`maR>o{dbm hmoVm Ë`mda g§^mOrgh ~gyZ Vo Amnbo H$maHy$Z dJ¡ao Á`m Jm§dt dmQ> nmhVhmoVo Ë`m§g OmD$Z {_imbo. _J Ë`m§Vbo WmoSo>go bmoH$ Ë`m§Zt Amnë`mOdi R>odyZ~mH$sÀ`m§Zm doe nmbQy>Z ñdXoer {Za{Zamù`m dmQ>mZr Omd`mg gm§{JVbo. _hmamO d~amo~aMo bmoH$ Jmogmì`mMm doe YmaU H$ê$Z VrWm©Q>Z H$arV H$arV ñdXoer Jobo. Vogai dmQ>oZ| Jobo ZmhtV. OmVm§Zm _Ywaog _moamon§V qnJù`mMo {VKo _ohþUo oQ>bo. Ë`m§MrZmdo H¥$îUmOrn§V, H$mern§V d {dgmOrn§V Aer hmoVt. Ë`m§Zm _hmamOm§Zr Amnb|gJi| d¥Îm gm§JyZ g§^mOrbm Ë`m§À`m Kat R>odyZ {Xb| Am{U Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVb| H$s¨Amåhr ñdXoemg Joë`mda Vwåhm§g nÌ nmR>dy Voìhm§ Vwåhr g§^mOrg KoD$Z Amnë`mgJù`m Hw$Qw>§~mgh Am_À`mH$So> `md|.

97

BH$So> _hmamO niyZ Joë`mMr dmVm© H$iVmM Am¡a§JOo~mZo Ë`m§À`m emoYmW© Mmar{Xem§g KmoSo>ñdma admZm Ho$bo; Am{U gd© VmbwH$Xmam§g d gw^oXmamg nÌo nmR>dyZ_hmamOm§À`m nmiVrda amhmÊ`mg gm§{JVbo, Am{U Vo gm§nS>Vm§M Ë`m§Zm Am_À`mXa~mar KoD$Z `md| Ag| Ë`m§g \$_m©{dbo. Ë`m§À`m emoYmg nmR>{dbobo ñdma {ZamehmoD$Z naV Ambo Voìhm§ ~mXehmg _moR>o Xþ…I dmQ>b|; Am{U Ë`mbm Agm dhr_Ambm H$s¨ _hmamO eham§VM H$moR>| Var XSy>Z am{hbo AgyZ Amnbm KmV H$aÊ`mMrg§{Y nmhV Agmdo. øm g§e`m_wio Ë`mbm amÌ§{Xdg AñdñWVm d YmH$ dmQy> bmJbm.Ë`mbm amÌrMr Pmon oB©Zm. _hmamOm§Zr hr Or H$nQ> w{º$, `mo{Obr Vr am_qgJmÀ`m_XVrZo d _gbVrZ| `mo{Obr Agmdr Agm Ë`mbm n¸$m dhr_ oD$Z Ë`mZ| Ë`mMr_Zg~ H$mTy>Z KoVbr d Ë`mbm Xa~ma ~§X Ho$bm. h| dV©_mZ O`qgJmbm H$iboVoìhm§ Ë`m§Zo nÌ {bhÿZ ~mXehmMr øm ~m~VtV ~arM H$mZCKmS>Ur Ho$br d Amnë`mdaqH$dm Amnë`m nwÌmda dhr_ KoÊ`m§V _wit AW© Zmht, hm gJim àH$ma Amnë`mH$nQ>~wÕr_wio Pmbm Amho Ag| Ë`mbm {ZjyZ gm§{JVb|.

da gm§{Jë`mà_mU| _hmamO Jmogmì`mÀ`m doemZ| VrWm©Q>Z H$arV H$arV{dOmnwamdê$Z CÎmaoH$So> diyZ am`JS>mda Ë`mM dofmZo XmIb Pmbo. ñdamÁ`gmoS>ë`mnmgyZ ZD$ _{hÝ`m§Zt Vo naV oD$Z _mVoÀ`m Xe©Zmg EH$X_ Jobo, Am{UË`m§Zt {VÀ`m MaUmda _ñVH$ R>o{dbo. Vo Jmogmì`mÀ`m doem§V Agë`m_wi| àW_Ë`m§Zm {VZ| AmoiIbo Zmht. na§Vw bmJbrM AmoiI nQy>Z {VZ| Ë`m§Zm ào_mqbJZ {Xb|d ào_ml§yZr Ë`m§g Ýhm{Ub|. _mVmM Vr! {VÀ`m AmZ§Xmg nmamdma Zmhrgm Pmbm._hmamOm§Mm Vmo Ho$di ZdmM OÝ_ Pmbm. Ago {Vbm dmQ>bo.

ømà_mUo àW_ Amnë`m {à` _mVoM| Xe©Z KoD$Z _J Ë`m§Zt Amnbo gJiogaXma, H$ma^mar d _mV~a bmoH$ `m§À`m ^oQ>r KoVë`m. OmoVmo Ë`m§À`m Xe©Zmg oD$bmJbm. {OH$So>{VH$So> AmZ§X Pmbm. _hmamOm§Zr _moR>m CËgd H$éZ ~«m÷Um§g nwîH$iXmZY_© Ho$bm; JmoaJ[a~m§g AÞdó _w~bH$ {Xb|; lr^dmZrMm CËgd H$ê$Z {Vbm_wº$m\$im§Mm A{^foH$ Ho$bm; hÎmrdê$Z gmIa dmQ>br. gd© gaXmam§g d {H$„oXmam§ggmIa nmR>{dbr; amÁ`m§Vrb _moR>_moR>r XodñWmZ|, {dÛmZ² ~«m÷U, Vnñdr d gmYwg§V`m§Zm X{jUm d eH©$am nmR>{dbr. JS>moJS>r Vmo\$m§Mr ga~Îmr H$a{dbr. _hmamO naVgwIê$n ñdamÁ`m§V Amë`mMr dmVm© gd©Ì ngê$Z Ë`m§À`m gJù`m àOmOZm§V AmZ§X

Am½è`mg à`mU (gZ 1666 - 67)

g§{já {edM[aÌ98

dmQ>bm. eÌy§À`m {MÎmm§V nwZa{n XheV CËnÞ Pmbr, d {edmOr _hmamO Ho$diAqOŠ` AmhoV, Ë`m§À`mnwT>o H$moUmMo H$m§ht MmbUma Zmhr; V| AmVm `dZm§À`m gd©nmVemhVr ~wS>{dVmV Ago gdmªZm dmQy> bmJbo. Ë`m§À`m Ab¡{H$H$ w{º$_ÎmoMr dAà{V_ Y¡`m©Mr H$s{V© gd©Ì A{YH$M ngabr.

øm AmZ§X^am§V _hmamO Amnë`m~amo~a Joboë`m bmoH$m§g {dgabo ZmhrV, Á`m§ZrÁ`m _mZmZ| l_gmhg Ho$bo hmoVo Ë`m§Zm Ë`m _mZmZ| BZm_o d ~T>Ë`m XoD$Z Ë`m§ZrJm¡a{dbo. øm g§H$Q>_` àdmgm§V {hamoOr \$OªX mMo gmhmæ` A{Ve{`V Pmb| åhUyZ_hmamOm§Zr Ë`mbm nmJoda gaXmar XoD$Z nmbIr d A~Xm{Jar {Xbr. _WwaogH$mern§Vmbm nÌ nmR>dyZ g§^mOrbm AmU{db|, Am{U Vmo d Ë`mMo Xþgao XmoKo ~§Yw`m§g {dœmgamd hm {H$Vm~ {Xbm; d Amnë`m nXar Mm§Jë`m Agmå`m XoD$Z R>o{dbo$.

ømà_mUo _hmamO AQ>Ho$VyZ gwQy>Z gwIê$nnUo ñdXoer OmD$Z nmoMë`mMo EoHy$ZAm¡a§JOo~mg namH$mï>oMo Xþ…I dmQ>bo. Vo Ë`mÀ`m VmdS>rVyZ gwQy>Z Joë`m~Ôb Ë`mbmAm_aU IoX dmQ>V hmoVm Ag| Ë`mÀ`m eodQ>À`m _¥Ë wnÌm§Vrb C„oImdê$Z bjmVoV|. Ë`m§V Ë`mZ| oUoà_mUo {bhÿZ R>o{dbo Amho: ""Ë`m ham_Imoa {edmOrbm _mÂ`m

Jm\$sbnUm_wio _mÂ`m hmVyZ gwQy>Z OmVm§ Amb|; Am{U Ë`m_wi| _mÂ`m gJù`m_mo{h_m§V _bm Am_aU An`e Ambo.''

_wgb_mZr ~IatV m doiMr AmUIr EH$ Jmoï> AmT>iVo, Vr Aer: Am¡a§JOo~mMrEH$ _moR>r {eH$bobr d ~hþlwV _wbJr hmoVr. {VM| Zm§d {Zgm~oJ_ Ag| hmoVo._hmamOm§À`m EH§$Xa namH«$_m§À`m d em¡ ©{d`m©{X JwUm§À`m Jmoï>r {VÀ`m H$m§Zt doimodoimJoë`m hmoË`m; Am{U Amnë`m ~mnmgma»`m ~bmT>ç ~mXehmer{h Q>¸$a XoD$Z {dO`g§nmXUmam hm dra _moR>çm `mo½`VoMm Amho Ag| {VÀ`m _ZmZo KoVbo hmoV|. _hmamOAm¡a§JOo~mÀ`m Xa~mamg Jobo Voìhm Ë`m§Zm nmhÊ`mgmR>r OZmZImÝ`mVë`m ~m`H$mnS>ÚmAmS> ~gë`m hmoË`m, Ë`m§_Ü | hr {Zgm~oJ_ hmoVr; Am{U Ë`m§M| V| VoO,ñdm{^_mZ dJ¡ao nmhÿZ Vr _mo{hV Pmbr, Am{U {ddmh H$amd`mMm Va ømMàm¡T>àVmndramer H$amd`mMm, Zmhr Va Am_aU A{ddm{hV amhmd`mMo Agm {VZo{ZYm©a Ho$bm. h| Ag| {VM| ào_ Amnë`mda OS>ë`mMo _hmamOm§g H$ibo hmoV|; H$moUr{VÀ`m dVrZo Ë`m§À`met Ag| ~mobUo Ho$bo H$r§, Vwåhr _wgb_mZr Y_m©Mm ñdrH$maH$amb Va ehmOmXr {Zgm~oJ_ Vw_À`met {ddmh H$aÊ`mg V`ma Amho. hr Jmoï>

99

AWm©V _hmamOm§g {~bHy$b ng§V dmQ>br Zmht. Aem _moR>çm ~mXehmMm OmdB©hmoD$Z ahmÊ`mnojm ñdY_© d ñdOm{V hr Ë`m§g {deof {à` dmQ>br. ZwgË`m amÁ`V¥îUoZoMVo àmoËgm{hV Pmbo AgVo Va hm g§~§Y OwidyZ Vo H$Xm{MV² Z_©Xm ZXrÀ`m AbrH$So>EH§$Xa X{jUoMo nmVemh hmoD$Z am{hbo AgVo. na§Vw amÁ`V¥îUm d {df`dmgZm`m§nojm ñdmV§Í`àr{V, ñdY_m©{^_mZ d ñdHw$bm{^_mZ øm d¥{Îm Ë`m§À`m R>m`t à~bhmoË`m. Ag| gm§JVmV H$s¨ hr ~oJ_ ñd{ZYm©amà_mU| A_aU A{ddm[hV am{hbr. nwT>oVr Amnë`m {nË`m~amo~a _hmamï´>mV Ambr Am{U oW|M {VMm 1702 gmbt ~«÷nwaroW| ñd{nË`mÀ`m N>mdUrV A§V Pmbm. {VMm Xoh OoWo X\$Z Ho$bm VoW| Am¡a§JOo~mZ|

EH$ gw§Xa H$~a ~m§YyZ Ë`m Jm§dmg ~oJ_nya Ag| Zm§d {Xb|. øm ~oJ_oÀ`m öX`mV_hmamOm§{df`r eodQ>n ©V Ho$dT>r AmXa~w{Õ dgV hmoVr `mMm EH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$XmIbm Amho, Vmo Agm: Am¡a§JOo~mZo nwT>| g§^mOrg R>ma _mê$Z Ë`mÀ`m ~m`H$mo_wbm§gam`JS>mdê$Z H¡$X H$ê$Z Am{Ubo Voìhm§ øm ~oJ_oZo g§^mOrÀ`m bhmZ _wbmgAmnë`mH$So> _mJyZ KoVbo Am{U Ë`mMo _moR>çm ào_mZo bmbZnmbZ Ho$b|. hmM _wbJmnwT>o emhÿamOm Pmbm.

***

Am½è`mg à`mU (gZ 1666 - 67)

g§{já {edM[aÌ100

^mJ AR>am

Jobobo {H$„o d àm§V naV KoVbo(gZ 1667-72)

_hmamO Am½è`mg AQ>Ho$V nS>ë`mMo dV©_mZ X{jUoV oVmM Ë`m§À`m gaXmam§Zr_moJbm§À`m àm§Vm§V nwZa{n Ym_Yy_ gwê$ Ho$br; Am{U nwT>| Vo AQ>Ho$VyZ gwQy>Z ñdXoeroV AmhoV Ag| Ë`m§Zm g_Obo Voìhm§ Ë`m§Zm A{YH$M hþê$n oD$Z Ë`m§Zt _moJbm§À`m

Vmã`m§V Jobobo qH$„o d àm§V na§V KoÊ`mMm gnmQ>m Mmb{dbm. Ë`m doiÀ`m B§J«Oì`mnmè`m§Mm Agm boI Amho H$s¨, {edmOramOo Am¡a§JOo~mÀ`m AQ>Ho$VyZ gwQy>Z nimboho Iao Agob Va AmVm Vo Ë`m ~mXehmbm Ìm{h Ìm{h H$ê$Z gmoS>Vrb. AmnU hoH$m` Ho$bo Ag| Ë`mbm hmoD$Z OmB©b.

øm àH$aUr O`qgJmMm Am¡a§JOo~mg nwam dhr_ Ambm hmoVm. Ë`mÀ`m _XVrgAmUIr \$m¡O Z nmR>{dVm Ë`mbm Ë`mZo _mKmat ~mob{dbo Am{U Ë`mÀ`m OmJr Amnbm_wbJm _moAPr_ d èd§VqgJ `m§Mr Zo_UyH$ Ho$br. `mMo H$maU Ag| H$s O`qgJ{edmOr_hmamOm§er EH$ hmoD$Z Amnbr X{jUoVrb gÎmm Zmhrer H$arb Aer Ë`mbm^r{V hmoVr. ehmOmÚm~amo~a{h Ë`mZo _moR>r \$m¡O {Xbr ZìhVr. H$maU øm Amnë`m_wbmMm{h Ë`mbm â§dgm dmQ>V ZìhVm. Vmo Amnb| AZwH$aU H$ê$Z X{jUoH$So> ñdV§ÌhmoD$Z ~gob Aer Ë`mbm ^r{V hmoVr. Ë`mZ| Ë`mbm Ag| \$_m©{dbo H$s {edmOr_hmamOm§er ñZoh^mdmZo dmJyZ Ë`m§Zm {dOmnyaH$am§da ñdmar H$aÊ`mg CÎmoOZ Úmdo.

øm Aem _moJbgaXmam§À`m AXbm~XbrÀ`m H$mim§V _moamon§V qnJio dJ¡aogaXmam§Zt _moJbm§H$So> Jobobo ~aoM {H$„o d àm§V naV KoVbo. èd§VqgJmH$S>Mr~arM \$m¡O Ibmg Pmbr AgyZ Ðì`mMm{h {ZH$mb bmJbm Agë`m_wio Ë`mZonm§Mghm _w»` {H$„çm§da {deof ~§Xmo~ñV R>odyZ ~mH$sMo ~hþVoH$ gmoSy>Z {Xbo hmoVo. VoAWm©V² _hmamOm§À`m bmoH$m§Zr hñVJV$H$ê$Z Ë`m§da nyd©dV² Mm§Jbm ~§Xmo~ñV R>o{dbm.

101

~mXehmÀ`m gm§JÊ`mà_mUo _moAPr_ `mZo _hmamOm§er VhmMo ~mobUo bm{db|.`ed§VqgJmg AdXmZ| Mmê$Z AmnUm§g gmYob VodT>m AZwHy$b Vh _hmamOm§ZtH$ê$Z KoVbm. Ë`mMr H$b_o Aer: (1) nañnam§Zr nañnam§et BV…Va ñZoh^mdmZ|dmJmdo; (2) nydu Pmbobm Vh H$m`_ H$amdm; (3) C^` njm§M| nañnam§{df`r Xrbgm\$ Pmë`mIoarO _hmamOm§Zr Amnbr \$m¡O _moJbm§À`m Hw$_Ho$g nmR>dy Z o. dnañnam§À`m ^oQ>r _wbmIVr hmoD$§ Z oV; (4) \$m¡OoÀ`m IMm©g H$m§ht _wbyI bmdyZ{Xë`mg VyV© nm§MhOma \$m¡O Ë`m§À`m Hw$_Ho$g _hmamOm§Zr nmR>dmdr; (5) nyduÀ`mVhm§V R>aë`mà_mUo g§ mOrg nm§MhOma ñdmam§Mr _Zg~ Úmd`mMr {VÀ`m ga§Om_mgmR>r~èhmUnya àm§VmVrb AmdSo> d ~mimnya ho naJUo bmdyZ Úmdo; (6) nyduÀ`m Vhmà_mU|Mm¡WmB© d gaXoe_wIr ho h¸$ dgyb H$aÊ`mMr _hmamOm§Zm nyU© _w^m Agmdr;(7) Am{U {ZOm_emhrVrb d A{XbemhrVrb Oo {H$„o d àm§V _hmamOm§nmergÜ`m§ AmhoV Vo Ë`m§À`mH$So> amhy§ Úmdo. Aem VhZmå`mda emhOmÚmZo ghr H$ê$Z Vmo~mXehmH$So> _§OwargmR>r nmR>{dbm. Vmo ng§V H$aU| Ë`mbm Ë`m doir gmoB©Mo dmQy>ZË`mZ| _hmamOm§g amOm hm {H$Vm~ {Xbm d g§^mOrg ~èhmUnya àm§Vm§Vbr Or OhmJraÚmdr Ag| gwM{dbo hmoVo {VMr gZX nmR>dyZ {Xbr. Ë`mà_mUo _hmamOm§Zr àVmnamdJwOam~amo~a nm§MhOma ñdma XoD$Z g§^mOrgh Am¡a§Jm~mXog _moJbm§À`m N>mdUrVadmZm Ho$bo: nU g§^mOrMo d` AJXt bhmZ Agë`m_wi| Ë`mbm ehmOmÚmZo naVnmR>dyZ {Xb|.

øm gbmo»`m_wio nwUo, gwno dJ¡ao àm§V _hmamOm§À`m H$~Om§V nwZ… Ambo; nwa§Xad qghJS> ho {H$„o _mÌ Ë`mZm naV {_imbo ZmhtV. hr Aer bmbyM _hmamOm§ZmXmI{dÊ`mV Ë`m H$nQ>r ~mXehmMm hoVw AWm©V² Agm hmoVm H$s¨ _hmamOm§Zm nwZa{nAmnë`m H$m~yV AmUyZ Ë`m§Mm nwam KmV H$amdm. Ag| gm§JVmV H$s¨ ehmOmÚmZ| ømdoir Amnë`m ~mnm{déÕ ~§S> H$aÊ`mM| moOyZ _hmamOm§Zm g¡Ý`mgh dV©_mZ Amnë`m_XVrg ~mobm{db|. na§Vw Vo øm Ë`mÀ`m _gbVtV {eabo ZmhtV. hr Aer ~VmdUrË`mZ| Amnë`m ~mnmÀ`m gm§JÊ`mdê$Z Ho$br hmoVr, Vr Amem hoVyZo H$s¨ _hmamO naVCÎmaog Jobo åhUOo Ë`m§Zm nwZ… nH$Sy>Z R>ma H$amdo.

Z§Va Am¡a§JOo~mÀ`m gm§JÊ`mdê$Z ehmOmÚmZ| {edmOr_hmamOm§g Amnë`m \$m¡OoMr_XV XoD$Z A{XbehmÀ`m d Hw$Vw~ehmÀ`m _wbImda ñdmè`m H$amd`mg CÎmoOZ {Xb|.

Jobobo {H$„o d àm§V naV KoVbo (gZ 1667-72)

¾ÖÖµÖ 652-11

g§{já {edM[aÌ102

Ë`mà_mU| Ë`m§Zt {dOmnyaH$am§À`m _wbIm§V Yw_mHw$i CS>{dbm. Voìhm§ {dOmnyaH$a_moJbm§g eaU OmD$Z Ë`m§À`mer Vh H$ê$Z Ë`m§À`m d¡am§VyZ _wº$ Pmbo. na§VwA{XbehmÀ`m d Hw$Vw~ehmÀ`m _wbImV _mo{h_m H$aÊ`mg _hmamOm§Zr ehmOmÚmH$Sy>Z_moH$irH$ {_i{dbr. _J Vo A{XbehmÀ`m _wbIm§V Ym_Yy_ Mmby R>odyZ Mm¡WmB© dgaXoe_wIr ho h¸$ dgyb H$ê$§ bmJbo. hm Ë`m§Mm Ìmg MwH$dmdm åhUyZ A{XbehmÀ`md{OamZ| Ë`mÀ`mer nwZ: Vh H$ê$Z Ë`m§g nydvà_mUo à{Vdfu VrZ bmI hmoZ I§S>UrXoÊ`mMo H$~yb Ho$b|.

ømà_mU| Am{Xbehmet Vh Ho$ë`mda _hmamOm§Zr Hw$Vw~ehmÀ`m _wbIm§V _mo{h_mgwê$ Ho$ë`m. {VH$S>Mm _wbyI bwQy>Z CX²ÜdñV H$aÊ`mMm gnmQ>m Ë`m§Zt EH$gmaImMmby R>o{dbm. Hw$Vw~ehmbm Ë`m§M| nm[anË` H$aÊ`mM| gm_Ï © ZìhVo. Ë`m§V AmUIr_moJbm§Mo Ë`m§Zm nmR>~i Amho. Ag| H$ië`m dê$Z Va Ë`m§À`mer gm_Zm H$aÊ`mM|Y¡ © Ë`mbm _witM hmoB©Zm. åhUyZ Amnbo {XdmU _mXÊUm d AmH$ÊUm `m§À`m ÛmaoË`mZ| Ë`m§À`mer Vh H$ê$Z à{Vdfu nm§M bmI én o I§S>Ur Ë`m§Zm XoÊ`mMm H$amaHo$bm; Am{U nañnam§Zr nañnam§er BV…na ñZoh^mdmZo dmJmd| d nañnam§Mo dH$sbnañnam§À`m Xa~mar amhmdo Ag| R>a{db|. øm VhmZ§Va _hmamOm§Zr {ZamOr amdOr`mbm Hw$Vw~ehmÀ`m Xa~mat dH$sb åhUyZ nmR>{db|.

Aem àH$mao AXrbemhr d Hw$Vw~emhr `m§g XrZ H$ê$Z d Ë`m§À`mda dm{f©H$I§S> ~gdyZ Ë`m§À`mer {damoY H$aÊ`mMo _hmamOm§Zr gmoSy>Z {Xbo; Ë`mà_mU|M_moJbm§er{h VyV© Vh H$ê$Z Ë`m§À`m{h {damoYmg A_i Amim KmVë`mda _hmamOmgXmoZ df} Mm§Jbr ñdñWVm {_imbr. Var øm doit Ë`m§Zt nwZ… H$moH$UmV {eÔrer d{\$a§½`m§et bT>m`m H$ê$Z Ë`mg Ooarg AmUÊ`mMm H«$_ gwê$ R>o{dbmM hmoVm. {\$a§Jr_hmamO gm§JV Vgm Vh H$ê$Z Ë`m§À`m CngJm©nmgyZ gwQ>Ê`mg Zoh_r nmhV AgV;Am{U {eÔr Oar ~amM H$_Omoa Pmbm hmoVm Var Ë`mMm O§{Oam H$m~rO H$ê$Z Ë`mM|g_yi CËnmQ>Z H$aÊ`mM| H$m_ _hmamOm§g AOyZ A_i OS> dmQ>o. Var Ë`m§À`mAma_mamZo Ë`mÀ`mda nwam eh ~g{dbm AgyZ Ë`mMm H$m|H$UnÅ>rbm dma§dma hmoUmamÌmg gm\$ ~§X Ho$bm hmoVm. Ë`mbm _moJb Ama_mamMm nmqR>~m Agë`mH$maUmZo VmoAOyZ gmdê$Z am{hbm hmoVm.

103

_hmamOm§Zm hr Or WmoS>rer ñdñWVm {_imbr {VMm Cn`moJ Ë`m§Zm ñdamÁ`mMrì`dñWm bmdÊ`mH$So> Ho$bm. Z§Va bm¡H$aM _moJbm§Zt Ho$bobm Vh _moSy>Z Ë`m§À`mernwZa{n {damoY _m§S>bm Voìhm§ Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`mer Pw§Omdo bmJbo, Ë`mM| d¥Îm nwT>rb^mJm§V {ZdoXZ H$ê$§.

***

Jobobo {H$„o d àm§V naV KoVbo (gZ 1667-72)

g§{já {edM[aÌ104

^mJ EHw${Ugmdm

_moJbm§À`m _wbIm§V nwZ… ñdmè`m(gZ 1670-72)

_hmamOm§Zr Hw$Vw~emhr d A{Xbemhr XrZ H$éZ Ë`m§À`mda dm{f©H$ I§S>~g{dë`mM| EoHy$Z Am¡a§JOo~mg AmVm§ Aer ^r{V dmQy>§ bmJbr H$s¨ {edmOr _hmamOøm XmoÝhr emøm ~wS>dyZ d Ë`m§Mo àm§V hmVmer KmbyZ A{Và~i hmoVrb, Am{U _JX{jUXoe H$m~rO H$aÊ`mMm nwîH$i {Xdgm§Mm Amnbm _ZmoX` A{gÕ am{hb;EdT>oM Zìho Va _amR>o à~i hmoD$Z AmnUmg mar hmoVrb d Amnbm X{jUoVyZ gm\$CR>mdm H$[aVrb; Am{U _J Ë`m§Zm øm XoemVrb `dZnmVemV ghO {Z_©yi H$[aVm§oB©b. åhUyZ Ë`m§À`mer øm g_`r gbmoIm H$ê$Z ñdñW ~gUo C{MV Zìho Agm

{Zü` H$ê$Z Ë`mZ| _moAPr_ d `ed§VqgJ `m§Zm Ag| \$_m©Z nmR>{db| H$s¨{edmOr_hmamOm§er Ho$bobm Vh _moSy>Z Ë`m§g {Xbobo {H$„o d àm§V _mKmar ¿`mdo,Ë`m§Mr \$m¡O Amnë`m _XVrg AmUyZ R>o{dbr Amho Vr _mKmat nmR>dmdr, qH$dmgmYë`mg {VMm Zme H$amdm; Am{U àVmnamd JwOa dJ¡ao Oo gaXma gmnS>Vrb Ë`m§gH¡$X H$amd|. øm \$_m©ZmMm I{bVm Am½è`mhÿZ {ZKmë`mMo dV©_mZ _moA{P_mg AmJmD$H$ië`mdê$Z Ë`mZ| àVmnamd JwOamg \$m¡O KoD$Z bJ~JrZo {ZKyZ OmÊ`mg gm§{JVbo.ømdê$Z àVmnamd _moJbmÀ`m N>mdUrVyZ {ZKyZ ~amM Xya Joë`mda Ë`mÀ`m nmR>bmJmgAmnbr \$m¡O nmR>dyZ Amnë`m dhr_Imoa ~mnmÀ`m Xmofm§VyZ ehmOmXm _wº$ Pmbm._moJbm§À`m Ë`m \$m¡Oobm AWm©V² àVmnamd JwOamZ| _wir XmX {Xbr Zmhr.

_moJb~mXemhmZ| AmnU hmoD$Z Pmbobm gbmoIm _moS>ë`mda _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mÀ`mernwZ… {damoY gwê$ Ho$bm. Ë`m§Zt àW_ _moJbm§À`m Vmã`m§Vbm qghJS> H$m~rO H$aÊ`mMm{Zü` Ho$bm. hr H$m_{Jar VmZmOr _mbgwao d Ë`mMm ^mD$ gy`m©Or `m§Zr nVH$[abr.Ë`m§Zt hOma XrS>hOma _mdio KoD$Z {H$ë`mda AH$ñ_mV² N>mnm KmVbm. H$maU

105

Ë`mbm doT>m XoD$Z bT>ë`mZ| bm¡H$a `e oÊ`mMm g§^d ZìhVm; Am{U CX`^mZwZm§dmÀ`m eya, B_mZr d ~bmT>ç aOnyV gaXmamÀ`m hdmbr Vmo {H$„m Agë`mH$maUmZ| Ë`mbm bm§M dJ¡ao XoD$Z de H$[aVm§ oÊ`mgmaI| ZìhV|. åhUyZ VmZmOrZ|H$mimo»`m amÌt {H$„çmImbt OmD$Z Á`m ~mOyH$Sy>Z eÌybm {H$ëë`mda _wit MTy>ZoUma Zmhr Ag| dmQ>Ê`mgmaIo hmoVo, VoW| EH$m _mdù`mbm KmoanS> bmdyZ da

nmR>{db|. Am{U XmoarMr {eS>r IS>H$mbm AS>H${dbr. øm {eS>rZ| gw_ma| VrZeo_mdio da MTy>Z Jobo; ~mH$sÀ`mZr dê$Z Bemam hmoVm§M MTy>Z `md| Ago R>a{db|.daVr MT>boë`m bmoH$m§Mr Mmhÿb aIdmbXmam§g bmJVmM Ë`m§Zt eÌy da MTy>ZAmë`mMm nwH$mam Ho$bm. Voìhm§ {H$ëë`mdaÀ`m bmoH$m§Mr EH$M Ym§Xb CSy>Z Jobr;Am{U _mdù`m§Zr Ë`m§Mm g§hma H$aÊ`mMm gnmQ>m gwê$ Ho$bm. C^` njm§H$S>Mo bmoH$_moR>çm AmdoemZo bT>bo. øm wÕmÀ`m JXuV VmZmOr d CX`^mZw øm§Mr Jm§R> nSy>ZXmoKm§M| Û§X wÕ Pmb|. XmoKo{h wÕHw$eb d ~bdmZ Agë`m_wio Ë`m§Mr ~amM doiPQ>mnQ> Pmbr, Am{U eodQ>t nañnam§M| dma nañnam§À`m d_u bmJyZ XmoKo{h EHo$Mdoir g_a^y_rda MrV hmoD$Z JVàmU Pmbo. Amnbm _mohaß`m nS>bm h| nmhÿZ_mdio _mKma KoD$Z niV gwQ>bo. gw`m©Or Imbt am{hboë`m ~mH$sÀ`m _mdù`m§ghdaVr MTy>Z oD$Z nmhVm| Vmo Amnbm dS>rb ~§Yw nS>bm Amho Am{U Cabobo _mdioniV gwQ>bo AmhoV Ago Ë`mÀ`m Ñï>rg nS>b|. Voìhm§ Ë`mZ| Ë`m§g nwZ… hþê$n AmUyZeÌyer bT>Ê`mg àd¥Îm Ho$b|; Am{U da Amboë`m VmÁ`m X_mÀ`m _mdù`m{ZerË`m§Zt nwZ… eÌyÀ`m bmoH$m§da _moR>çm AmdoemMm h„m H$ê$Z ~hþVoH$m§Mr H$ÎmbCS>{dbr Am{U {H$„m ga Ho$bm. gw`m©OrÀ`m øm em¡`m©~Ôb _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mMrVmar\$ H$ê$Z Ë`mbm Ë`m JS>mda hdmbXma Zo{_b|. VmZmOrgmaIm A{Veya, B_mZr~mb{_Ì AmnUm§g _wH$ë`m~Ôb _hmamOm§g namH$mð>oM| Xþ…I Pmb|. øm doit Ë`m§ZrAgo CX²Jma H$mT>bo åhUVmV H$s¨, ""JS> Ambm nU qgh Jobm.''

qghJS> hmVt Amë`mda nwa§Xa {H$„m gw`m©OrZ| N>mnm KmbyZ KoVbm. _mhþbrMm{H$„m _moamon§V qnJù`mZo XmoZ _{hZo doT>m KmbyZ hñVJV Ho$bm. Z§Va Ë`mZ| H$aZmim{H$„m ga H$ê$Z gJim H$ë`mUàm§V H$m~rO Ho$bm. bmohJS> {edZoa, qÌ~H$,amo{hS>m, A{hd§V, amdimOmdim, _H$a§X dJ¡ao _moJbm§À`m Vmã`mVbo {H$„o N>mnoKmbyZ ga Ho$bo; Am{U Ah_XZJamn ªVMo gJio Jm§d bwQy>Z \$ñV Ho$bo.

_moJbm§À`m _wbIm§V nwZ… ñdmè`m (gZ 1670-72)

g§{já {edM[aÌ106

Z§Va _hmamOm§Zr {eÔrMm O§{Oam H$m~rO H$aÊ`mMm {ZU©` H$ê$Z {VH$So> AmnbobmoH$ nmR>{dbo. Ë`mZr O§{Oè`mda Vmo\$m§Mm EH$gmaIm ^S>r_ma Mmby Ho$bm. Ë`m_wi|{eÔr AJXr h¡amU Pmbm. nU Ë`mZ| gwaV oWrb _moJb gwôXmamH$Sy>Z Ama_mamMogmhmæ` {_idyZ eodQ>n ªV bT>V amhÊ`mMm ZoQ> Y[abm. hm _moJbm§Mm AmYmaË`mbm {_imbobm nmhÿZ _hmamOm§Zr Ago R>a{dbo H$s Ë`mÀ`mer bT>V amhÿZ Amnë`mbmoH$m§Mr Iam~r H$aUo VyV© ~amo~a Zmht, nwT>o {deof AZwHy$b àg§J Ambm åhUOoË`mMm Zm`ZmQ> H$[aVm§ oB©b. Agm {dMma H$ê$Z O§{Oè`mg_moarb Amnbr \$m¡OË`m§Zt H$mSy>Z Zobr.

gwaVoÀ`m _moJb gwôXmamZ| {eÔrbm øm doit _XV Ho$ë`mdê$Z Ë`m ehamdanwZ… ñdmar H$ê$Z Ë`m gaXmamMr aJ {Oadmdr d Vo eha nwZ… bwQ>md| Ago _hmamOm§Zr_Zm§V Am{Ub|; Am{U Ë`m§Zt n§Yam hOma ñdmam§{Zer Ë`m ehamda AH$ñ_mV h„mHo$bm. nU øm gw_mamg Vmo gwôXma _aU nmdbm AgyZ _moJbm§Mo ~hþVoH$ g¡Ý` Ë`meham§VyZ H$mTy>>Z Zobo hmoV|. Am¡a§JOo~mÀ`m hþH$_mdê$Z Ë`m ehamg VQ>~§Xr Ho$bobrhmoVr. ehamV AdKo VrZeo {enmB© hmoVoo Vo niyZ {H$ëë`mda XSy>Z ~gbo. wamo{nAZì`mnmè`m§Zt Amnbr MrOdñVy Xhm~mam _¡bm§da ñdmbr Zm§dmÀ`m ~oQ>m§V ZoD$Z âbrAm{U Ë`m {R>H$mUmbm \$ù`m§Mm VQ> H$ê$Z Ë`mda Vmo\$m aMyZ R>o{dë`m. B§J«Oì`mnmè`m§Zr _hmamOm§Zm ZOaZOamUm XoD$Z Amnë`m dImardaMm h„m {\$a{dbm.AgmM àH$ma S>M d \$«|M ì`mnmè`m§Zr Ho$bm. ehamg Mmohm|H$Sy>Z Mm¡Š`m bmdyZ OmoH$m§ht EodO gmnS>bm Vmo _hmamOm§À`m bmoH$m§Zr bwQ>bm. Ë`m doir H$mñH$maMm VmaVmaOmVrMm amOm nwÌmZo nXÀ wV Ho$ë`m_wi| _¸o$Mr `mÌm H$ê$Z oD$Z øm ehamVAm¡a§JOo~mÀ`m Aml`mZo dmS>m ~m§YyZ am{hbm hmoVm. Ë`mMm dmS>m Ë`m§Zr bwQ>bm,Ë`m§V Ë`m§Zm nwîH$i Odmhra dJ¡ao {_imbo.

BVŠ`m§V ~èhmUnwamhÿZ _moJbm§M| _moR>| g¡Ý` gwaV ehamÀ`m ajUmg oV AmhoAgo dV©_mZ Ambo. Ë`mdê$Z _hmamOm§Zr VoWbm Vi bJ~JrZ| CR>dyZ ñdXoemH$So>Hy$M Ho$b|. {ZKVo doit Ë`m§Zt Ë`m ehamÀ`m bmoH$m§g nÌ {bhÿZ H$i{dbo H$sà{Vdfu ~mam bj én o I§§S>Ur {~Z~mo^mQ> nmdVr Ho$ë`mg Vw_À`m ehamg nwZ…bwQ>rMr ^r{V CaUma Zmht. _hmamOm§Zm øm doit AdKr 66 bjm§Mr byQ> {_imbrAg| åhUVmV.

107

_hmamO gmëhoaÀ`m _moR>çm añË`mZo _mKmat `md`mg {ZKyZ H§$MZ_§MZmdê$ZJobo Z Jobo Vmo _moJbm§À`m AmR> hOma \$m¡OoZo Ë`m§Zm dUrqXS>moarOdi JmR>bo. ømg¡Ý`mda _moh~VImZ d XmD$XImZ Ago XmoZ _moJb gaXma à_wI hmoVo. ZmeH$mOdiÀ`mqIS>tVyZ H$m|H$Um§V CVamd| Agm _hmamOm§Mm ~oV hmoVm. na§Vw BVŠ`m§V _moJb \$m¡OoZoË`m§Zm Jm§R>bo. Voìhm§ Ë`m§Zt _mJ| CbQy>Z Ë`m g¡Ý`mer _moR>çm {ZH$amMo wÕ Ho$b|.g_am§JUmda Vo ñdV: XmoZ hmVm§V XmoZ nÅ>o MT>dyZ Amnë`m g¡Ý`mÀ`m AmKmS>rgbT>V hmoVo. Vo Ago bT>Vm§Zm nmhÿZ Ë`m§À`m g¡Ý`mg A{Ve{`V Amdoe Ambm. eodQ>t_moJbmMm nam^d hmoD$Z Vo amZmo_mi niV gwQ>bo. BH$So> _hmamOm§Zr eÌyg¡Ý`mbmbT>mB©V Jw§VdyZ Amnë`m EH$m VwH$S>r~amo~a byQ> qIS>tVyZ CVadyZ gwa{jV nmaZoddbr. eÌyMm nam^d H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mo hÎmr, KmoSo> dJ¡ao O| H$m§ht wÕmon`moJr gm_mZgmnS>bo V| KoD$Z Vo Ë`m qIS>tVyZ Imbt CVê$§ bmJbo. {VH$Sy>Z OmVm§Zm Ë`m§Zmam`~mJrU Zm§dmÀ`m EH$m eya ~mB©Zo Amnë`m \$m¡Oo{Zer AS>{db|. hr am`~mJrU_mhÿaÀ`m Xoe_wImMr ór EH$m bT>mB©V {hMm Zdam nS>bm AgVm§ {hZo Amnë`mbmoH$m§Zm hþê$n XoD$Z bT>mB© nwT>| Mmb{dë`mdê$Z Am¡a§JOo~mZo {hbm am`~mJrU Agm{H$Vm~ XoD$Z H$m§ht OhmJra H$ê$Z {Xbr hmoVr _hmamOm§Zm øm ~mB©À`m bmoH$m§Mm_moS> H$aÊ`mg \$magm {db§~ bmJbm Zmht. Voìhm§ Vr XmVr V¥U Yê$Z Ë`m§g eaUAmbr, Ë`m§Zr {VMm _moR>m AmXa_mZ H$ê$Z d Vrbm dómb§H$ma XoD$Z naV nmR>{db|.

ñdXoer Amë`mda _hmamOm§Zt àVmnamd JwOa d _moamon§V qnJio m§Zm _moJë`m§À`mCÎmaoH$S>rb _wbImV bwQ>mbyQ> H$amd`mg nmR>{dbo. àVmnamdmZo Amnë`m ñdmam§{ZetImZoXoemH$So> _mohr_ H$ê$Z {VH$S>rb lr_§V bmoH$m§g bwQ>bo. d eham§da d Jm§dm§dadm{f©H$ I§S> ~g{dbm. _moJbm§Mo H$ma§Oo eha Ë`m doit A{VYZmT>ç hmoV|, V|_hmamOm§Zr ñdV… OmD$Z bwQ>bo. VoW| Ë`m§Zr VrZ {Xdg _w¸$m_ Ho$bm. {VH$S>MoY{ZH$ bmoH$ Amnb| Ðì` O{_ZtV nwê$Z R>odrV h| Ë`m§g _mhrV Agë`mdê$Z Ë`m§Zt_moR>_moR>çm lr_§V bmoH$m§À`m Kamg IUVr bmdyZ nwîH$i Ðì` H$mT>b|. øm eham§VË`m§Zm AJ{UV byQ> gmnS>br. Vr Ë`m§Zt Mma hOma ~¡bmda d C§Q>m§da bmXÿZ Zobr.øm bwQ>rV C§Mr H$nS>m,gmoZ|, éno d BVa OS>Odmhra {_iyZ EH§$Xa EH$ H$moQ>rMmEodO Ë`m§Zm {_imbm, _moamon§VmZo Amnë`m nm`Xim{Zet _moJbm§À`m Xþgè`m àm§Vm§V{eê$Z Am¡Y, nÅ>m, gmëhoar, _wëhoar, {Ì§~H$JS>, am_JS> dJ¡ao {R>H$mU| H$m~rO H$ê$ZOmJmoOmJ Zdo JS> ~m§{Ybo.


g§{já {edM[aÌ108

hr Aer Mmohmo§H$Sy>Z Ë`m§Zt _moJbm§À`m _wbIm§V Ym_Yy_ Mmb{dbr AgyZ_moJb g¡Ý`mZo Ë`m§g à{VH$ma Ho$bm Zmht. `mMo EH$ H$maU Ag| H$s¨ _moA{P_ dèd§VqgJ ho XmoKo{h øm doit {edmOr_hmamOm§g AZwHy$b hmoVo. {edmOr_hmamOà~i hmoD$Z Ë`mMo g¡Ý`~i dmT>V Joë`mZo Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z AmnUmg Amnë`m ~mnmÀ`mnümV² {X„rMo Vº$ {_i{dÊ`mÀ`m H$m_r _XV hmoB©b Ag| Ë`mbm dmQ>o; Am{Uèd§VqgJmbm Va doimodoim AdXmZ| Mmê$Z _hmamO Jma H$ê$Z R>odrV. Xþgao Ag|H$s¨ Ë`m XmoKm§H$So> {_iyZ \$mag| g¡Ý` ZìhV|; Am{U Ë`m§Zm AmUIr g¡Ý`mMr Hw$_H$nmR>{dÊ`mg Vmo dhr_Imoa ~mXehm V`ma ZìhVm. `mñVd _hmamOm§À`m g¡Ý`mergm_Zm Z Ho$ë`mMr hr g~~ Ë`m§Zm nwT>o H$[aVm oV Ago.

eodQ>r Am¡a§JOo~mZo èd§VqgJmg naV ~mobmdyZ Ë`mÀ`m OmJr _moh~V ImZmgMmirg hOma \$m¡O XoD$Z nmR>{db| Am{U ehmOmÚmH$S>Mr AmUIr \$m¡O KoD$Z{edmOr _hmamOm§~amo~a bT>mB© H$amd`mg gm§{JVbo. Ë`mZ| X{jUoV oVm§M n{hë`mZ|Am¢Y d nÅ>m hr R>mUr hñVJV Ho$br. _J Amnë`m g¡Ý`mMo XmoZ ^mJ H$ê$Z EH$m^mJmda {XboaImZmg à_wI Ho$bo d MmH$UMm {H$„m ga H$aÊ`mg nmR>{db|. Vmo{H$„m Ë`mZ| KoD$Z Ë`m§Vë`m ZD$ dfuhÿZ A{YH$ d`mÀ`m gJù`m _mUgm§Mr H$ÎmbCS>{dbr. _J Ë`mZ| amdimOmdim Zm§dmÀ`m {H$ëë`mda h„m Ho$bm. na§Vw _moamon§VmZoË`m {H$ë`mÀ`m ajUmgmR>r \$m¡O nmR>{dë`mdê$Z Ë`mMo VoWo H$m§hrEH$ Mmbbo Zmhr.VoWyZ {ZKyZ OmD$Z Ë`mZ| H$Uoa JS>mda h„m H$ê$Z Vmo KoVbm. BH$So> _moh~VImZ dXmD$XImZ `m§Zr A{hd§V {H$„m EH§$ _{hZm doT>m KmbyZ ga Ho$bm.

hr EdT>r n{hë`mn{hë`mZ| Ym_Yy_ H$ê$Z _moh~VImZ ñdñW ~gbm AgonmhÿZ Am¡a§JOo~mbm Ë`mMm{h dhr_ Ambm. {edmOr _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mbm AdXmZoMmabr Agmdr Ag| Ë`mbm dmQ>b|. _J Ë`mZ| ~hmXÿaehm d {XboaImZ m§g {edmOrÀ`mVmã`mVrb _wbyI H$m~rO H$amd`mg gm§{JVb|. øm gaXmam§Zr _moR>çm g¡Ý`m{Zergmëhoarg ^¸$_ doT>m {Xbm. h| doT>çmMo H$m_ Ë`m§Zr BIbmgImZ dJ¡ao gaXmam§ggm§JyZ ~hmXÿaImZmZ| ñdV: gwno naJUm hñVJV Ho$bm. {XboaImZmZ| nwU| eha H$m~rOH$ê$Z Ë`m§Vë`m ZD$ dfm©hÿZ A{YH$ d`m§À`m gJù`m _mUgm§Zm H$mnyZ H$mT>b|.gmëhoarM| ajU ha Cnm`mZ| H$amd`mM| Ag| R>adyZ _hmamOm§Zr àVmnamd JwOa d_moamon§V qnJio `m§Zm {VH$So> admZm Ho$b|. Ë`m§Mr drg hOma \$m¡O _moJb g¡Ý`mer

109

Pw§OÊ`mg Jobr. C^` g¡Ý`m§Mo Vw_wb wÕ Ow§nb|. XmoÝhr njm§H$S>rb moÕçmZr Amnë`mem¡`m©Mr d wÕH$m¡eë`mMr {eH$ñV Ho$br. eodQ>t _moJbm§Mm nwam nam^d hmoD$Z Ë`m§MonwîH$i> bmoH$ aUm§V nS>bo; d gmëhoarMm doT>m CR>dyZ V| Am¡a§Jm~mXoH$So> niV gwQ>bo._amR>çm§Zt Ë`m§Mm {nÀN>m eodQ>n ªV nwa{dbm.

øm bT>mB©V 125 hÎmr, 700 C§Q>, 6000 KmoSo>, hOmamo ~¡b Am{U BVawÕmon§`moJr _w~bH$ gm_mZ _hmamOm§g {_imbo, VgoM OS>Odm{ha nwîH$i> hmVr

bmJbo. øm _moR>çm bT>mB©V Á`m§Zt Á`m§Zt ~hþV eV© H$ê$Z eÌy§er em¡`m©Z| gm_ZmHo$bm hmoVm Ë`m§g _hmamOm§Zt Mm§Jbr BZm_o XoD$Z amOr Ho$bo; Oo _moJb gaXma d~So>~So> A_bXma nmS>md Ho$bo hmoVo, Ë`m§À`m OI_m ~è`m Pmë`mda Ë`m§Mm ~hþ_mZH$ê$Z d Ë`m§g ZOaZOamUm XoD$Z gmoSy>Z {Xb|; d Á`m ~§{XdmZm§Mr Amnë`m nXarZmoH$ar H$aÊ`mMr BÀN>m {Xgbr Ë`m§g R>odyZ KoVb| d ~mH$sÀ`m§g dmQ>IMu XoD$ZAmnAmnë`m Jm§dt nmR>dyZ {Xb|. hr gmëhoaMr bT>mB© 1672 gmbt Pmbr. _hmamOm§Zm_moJbm§er bTy>Z hm H$min ªV Oo {dO` àmá Pmbo hmoVo Ë`m§V øm {dO`mMr JUZmn{hbr hmoVr. ømZ§Va Ë`m§Mm Xamam Mmohmo§H$So> {deof ~gbm. _amR>çm§À`m R>m`tÀ`mem¡ ©dr`m©{X CÁÁdb JwUm§Mo ho Ago Aà{V_ àXe©Z nmhÿZ _moJb gaXma AJXr W¸$$hmoD$Z Jobo; d Ë`m§Zm _hmamOm§À`m bmoH$m§Mr {deofM XheV dmQy>§ bmJbr.

øm bT>mB©Z§Va _hmamOm§Zr _moamon§Vmg gwaVoH$So> nmR>dyZ _moJbm§Zr VoWo V`maHo$bobo Ama_ma OmiyZ Q>mH$md`mg gm§{JVb|. na§Vw Vmo VoW| OmD$Z nmoMÊ`mnydu V| Ë`m~§Xam§VyZ {ZKyZ Job| hmoV|. _J Ë`mZ| gw§aV ehamg doT>m XoD$Z VoWë`m gw^oXmamH$Sy>Zdm{f©H$ I§S>m XmIb _moR>r a¸$_ dgyb Ho$br. nwT>o _hmamOm§Zr gwaV ehambm H$m`_Mmeh XoÊ`mÀ`m BamÚmZo KmoS>~§XamOdirb Oìhma d am_ZJa øm àm§Vm§darb H$moiramOm§da ñdmar H$ê$Z Vt {R>H$mUo hñVJV Ho$br. am_ZJamÀ`m amOmbm {\$a§Jr à{VdfuI§S> XoV AgV Vmo AmnUmg Úmdm Aer H$~wbm`V Ë`m§Zt X_UÀ`m {\$a§½`m§H$Sy>ZH$ê$Z KoVbr. øm Z§Va _moamon§VmZ| Zm{eH$ àmVm§V {eê$Z Zm{eH$, qÌ~H$, dUr,qXS>moar, dJ¡ao R>mUr hñVJV Ho$br, _hmamOm§À`m Xþgè`m bmoH$m§Zr dèhmS> d Vob§JUøm àmVm§da ñdmè`m H$ê$Z OmJmoOmJ I§S> dgyb Ho$bm. ~hmXÿaImZ d {XboaImZ`m§Zr Ë`m§Mm nmR>bmJ Ho$bm, nU Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§Zt XmX {Xbr Zmhr.


g§{já {edM[aÌ110

øm doit ^mJmZJaMm Hw$Vw~ehm \«|$M bmoH$m§er wÕ H$aÊ`mH$[aVm _moR>o g¡Ý`KoD$Z Joë`mMo dV©_mZ _hmamOm§g H$iVmM {VH$So> _moR>çm doJmZ| _mohr_ H$ê$Z^mJmZJamnmer Vo AH$ñ_mV oD$Z WS>H$bo Am{U AmVrb A§_bXmam§g Ë`m§Zt Agogm§JyZ nmR>{dbo H$s¨ drg bmI hmoZ I§S> {~ZVH«$ma nmdVm H$am Zmht Va Vw_Mo ehaCX²ÜdñV H$[aVmo. Vr AQ> Ë`m§Zm H$~yb hmoD$Z Ë`m§Zr VodT>r a¸$_ O_m H$ê$ZË`m§À`mH$So> Zobr. Vr hmVr nS>ë`mda VoWbm Vi CR>dyZ nwZ… _mKmar Hy$M H$ê$Z VoWoQ> am`JS>mda Ambo.

_hmamO øm _mo{h_oda Jobo AgVm§ mHy$~ImZ {eÔrZo _moJë`m§À`m Ama_mamÀ`m_XVrZo H$m|H$UnÅ>rVrb _hmamOm§À`m Vmã`mVë`m ~§Xa{H$ZmaÀ`m _wbImda h„o Ho$bo.Ë`mZo X§S>mamOnwar H$m~rO Ho$br d {VH$So> _hmamOm§Zr ~m§Yboë`m ghm {H$ëë`m§dah„m H$ê$Z Vo hñVJV Ho$bo d Ë`m§V hmVt bmJboë`m EH§$Xa nwéfm§Mr H$Îmb Ho$br.gw§Xa ~m`H$m d _wbr gm§nS>ë`m Ë`m§g Ë`mZ| _wgb_mZ H$ê$Z Jwbm_ åhUyZ {dH$bo,_w§~B©À`m B§J«Om§H$S>o {eÔrZo _XV _m{JVbr nU Vr Ë`mZr _hmamOm§À`m ^rVrñVd{Xbr Zmhr; Var Ë`mZo noU d ZmJmoR>Um øm ImS>çm§V Amnbr Vmad|o nmR>dyZ _hmamOm§Mm{VH$S>rb _wbyI bwQy>Z gm§nS>Vrb VodT>çm bmoH$m§g _wgb_mZr Y_m©Mr Xrjm XoD$ZJwbm_ Ho$b|. øm Ë`m§À`m H«y$anUmÀ`m d AY_nUmÀ`m H¥$Ë`m~Ôb Ë`mbm {ejmXoÊ`mgmR>r _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mÀ`m _wbImV g¡Ý` nmR>dyZ Ë`mg Ìm{hÌm{h H$ê$Z gmoS>bo.Ë`mÀ`m d _moJbm§À`m Ama_mamet Pw§OÊ`mH$[aVm§ Ë`m§Zr B§J«Om§nmer Hw$_H$ _m{JVbr;nU Ë`m§Zr _moJbm§À`m YmH$mZo Vr Ë`m§g {Xbr Zmht. øm doir \$o«§M ì`mnmè`m§Zr _mÌË`m§Zm Xmê$Jmoim JwnMwn {dH$Ê`mMm H«$_ Mmby§ R>o{dbm hmoVm. øm gw_mamg wamonmVS>M bmoH$m§Mo B§J«O bmoH$m§er wÕ gwê$ Pmbo Am{U S>M bmoH$m§Mo _moR>o Ama_maH$moH$UÀ`m {H$Zmè`mnmer oD$Z B§J«Om§da h„m H$aÊ`mÀ`m ~oVm§V hmoVo. Ë`mdarbS>M gaXmamZo _hmamOm§H$So> _XV _m{JVbr, Vr Ë`m§Zt Ë`mg {Xbr Zmht. H$maUË`m§Zm B§J«Om§er CKS> d¡a H$aUo øm doit ~a| dmQ>bo Zmhr.

***

111

^mJ {dgmdm

{dOmnyaH$am§er nwZa{n `wÕàg§J(gZ 1673-74)

øm doir> A{XbemhrV A{YH$mam§Va Pmbo. gZ 1673 V§ A{Xb§ehmÀ`mV³Vmda EH$ nmM dfm©Mm _wbJm Ambm Am{U _w»` H$ma^mar IdmgImZ hm Pmbm.`mÀ`m H$maH$sXuV {edmOr_hmamOm§er Ho$bobm Vh {~KS>bm. IdmgImZmMo BVagaXmam§et Z O_yZ Ë`m§Mm AmngmV H$bh _mObm. hr g§{Y nmhÿZ _hmamO{dOmnyaH$am§À`m amÁ`m§V nwZ… Ym_Yy_ H$aÊ`mg àd¥Îm Pmbo. BH$So> {dOmnyH$am§er_moJbm§Mm Vh hmoD$Z Ë`m§Mm goZmn[V ~{hbmobImZ hm _hmamOm§er wÕ H$aÊ`mg{gÕ Pmbm.

_hmamOm§Zr {demiJS> oW| Amnë`m \$m¡OoMr V`mar H$ê$Z nÝhmim {H$„m gaH$aÊ`mg n§Yam hOma bmoH$ nmR>{dbo. Ë`m§Zt nÝhmù`mg doT>m {Xbm. ~{hbmobImZmZoøm bmoH$m§da _moR>çm \$m¡Oo{Zet h„m Ho$bm. C^` njm§Mo Kmoa wÕ Pmb|. Ë`m§V_hmamOm§À`m g¡Ý`mMm {dO` hmoD$Z nÝhmim hñVJV Pmbm. BH$So> _hmamOm§Zr gmVmam{H$„m Ë`mdarb aIdmbXmamg bmMmZo de H$ê$Z KoD$Z hmVmImbr KmVbm. hodV©_mZ 1673 gmbÀ`m gßQ>o§~a _{hÝ`m§V KS>bo. VoWyZ nwT>o {dOmnyaH$am§Mo Jm§d dehao bwQ>rV OmD$Z Ë`m§Zt hþ~ir ehamda h„m H$ê$Z V| `WoÀN> bwQ>bo. ho ehaË`m§À`m bmoH$m§Zr nydu EH$ doi bwQ>boM hmoV|. øm eham§V øm doit _hmamOm§g{OVH$s byQ> {_imbr {VVH$s nydu H$moUË`m{h eham§V {_imbr ZìhVr. VoWë`m B§J«Oì`mnmè`m§Zm{h Ë`m§Zt øm doit bwQy>Z gmV AmR> hOma hmoZm§Mm EodO {_i{dbm. hodV©_mZ _w§~B©Mm JìhZ©a A§{J`ma mg H$ibo Voìhm§ Ë`mZo _hmamOm§nmet øm ZwH$gmZrMr^anmB© H$ê$Z XoÊ`m{df`r _moR>çm AX~rZo _mJUr Ho$br. _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mbm Ag|gm§JyZ nmR>{dbo H$s: ""Vw_Mo O| H$m§ht IamoIa ZwH$gmZ Pmbo Agob V| XoD$Z

g§{já {edM[aÌ112

Vw_À`mer gbmo»`mMm Vh H$aÊ`mg Amåhr amOr Amhmo. Var {eÔrg Amnbm eÌwg_OyZ Ë`mMm O§{Oam H$m~rO H$amd`mg Vwåhr Amåhm§g _XV H$amdr; d Amåhm§gXmê$Jmoim nwadtV Omd|.'' hr eodQ>br AQ> A§{J`ma `mbm _moJbm§À`m YmH$m_wio_mÝ` H$adbr Zmht.

_hmamOmMm nÝhmim `oWo {dO` Pmë`mMr dmVm© EoH$ë`mda A§{J`ma `mZ|Vm. 16 gßQ>§o~a 1673 amoOr nwT>rbà_mUo boI {b{hbm hmoVm: ""{edmOr AmVm§Amnë`m gJù`m eÌy§er Q>¸$a XoÊ`mg g_W© Pmbm Amho. AmVm§ Vmo Ë`m§g _witOw_mZrV Zmhr. _moJbm§Mo g¡Ý` Ë`mÀ`m _wbImV CVaÊ`mMm g§^d Amho, Am{UXþgarH$Sy>Z {dOmnyaH$am§Mm gaXma ~{hbmobImZ Ë`mÀ`mda Mmb H$ê$Z oB©b Ago{hdmQ>Vo. na§Vw XmUmd¡aU {_iÊ`mMr n§MmB©V nSy>Z Ë`m§Zm \$ma {Xdg ZoQ> Yê$Z Ë`mÀ`merbT>Vm md`mMo Zmht. [dOmnyaÀ`m gaXmam§Mm Agm H$m§ht H$mdm {XgVmo H$s {edmOrerZoQ>mZo wÕÿ H$ê$Z Ë`mMm g\$mB© Zme H$aÊ`mg Vo V`ma ZmhrV.''

_hmamOm§Zr n{ü_ {H$Zmam {Zd}YnUo Amnë`m Vmã`m§V AmUÊ`mÀ`m BamÚmZoH$madma, A§H$mobm dJ¡ao ~§Xam§da h„m H$amd`mg Amnbo Ama_ma nmR>{dbo, Am{UAm§Vë`m àXoem§Vrb Xoe_wIm§g {dOmnyagaH$mam{dê$Õ ~§S>o C^maÊ`mMr \y$g {Xbr.øm Xoe_wIm§Zr Amnë`m àm§VmVë`m _wgb_mZ R>mUoXmam§g AmnAmnbr R>mUr gmoB©ZniyZ Omd`mg bm{dbo. H$madmaMm \$m¡OXma {_`m `mZo Amnë`m gaH$mam{déÕ ~§S>C^mê$Z H$m§hr Xoe_wI Amnë`m njmg gm_rb H$ê$Z KoVë`mMo _hmamOm§g H$iVm§MVo {VH$S>o \$m¡O KoD$Z Jobo Am{U Ë`m \$m¡OXmamg Ooa H$ê$Z Ë`mÀ`m Vmã`mVbrH$madma, A§H$mobm d {edoœa hr R>mUr hñVJV Ho$br.

Z§Va Ë`m§Zt gmVmam, nair, M§XZd§XZ, nm§S>dJS>, Z§X{Jar, VmVmoam dJ¡ao{dOmnyaH$am§Mo {H$„o H$m~rO Ho$bo. Ë`mà_mUoM dmB©, H$èhmS>, {eamoio d H$moëhmnya honaJUo hñVJV H$ê$Z hþH$oar am`~mJn ªV Amnbr gÎmm Ë`m§Zr ~g{dbr. Z§Va Ë`m§Zr\$moS>o> {H$„çmg ñdV… doT>m {Xbm.

hr Aer _hmamOm§Zr Mm|hm|H$Sy >Z Ym§Xb CS>{dë`m_wio IdmgImZmZ|~{hbmobImZmg nÝhmù`mda h„m H$aÊ`mg nmR>{dbo. Ë`mZ| Ë`m {H$„çmg doT>m{Xbm Voìhm§ àVmnamd JwOa Ë`mÀ`mda MmbyZ Jobm. na§Vw Ë`mÀ`mer gm_Zm Z H$[aVm§Vmo {dOmnwamn ªV àm§V bwQ>rV OmD$Z WoQ> Ë`m ehamÀ`m doerer OmD$Z WS>H$bm.hm Agm Ë`mMm JhO~ nmhÿZ IdmgImZmZ| ~{hbmobImZmg {dOmnya ehamÀ`m

113

ajUmgmR>r nÝhmù`mMm doT>m CR>dyZ _mKmat ~mob{db|. àVmnamdmZo _mJ| {\$ê$ZË`mbm C_amUr oW| Jm§R>bo, Am{U Ë`mÀ`met bT>mB© H$ê$Z Ë`mbm AJXt OoargAm{Ub|. åhUyZ Ë`mZ| XrZ hmoD$Z VhmMo ~mobUo Ho$b| Am{U Oo_Vo_ àVmnamdmÀ`mVmdS>rVyZ gwQy>Z Vmo {dOmnwamg Jobm. àVmnamdmZ| Ë`mbm gmoSy>Z [Xë`m~Ôb _hmamOmgamJ oD$Z Ë`m§Zr Ë`mbm nÌ {bhÿZ Ë`m~Ôb Xmof {Xbm; ho Ë`m _mZr nwéfmg ghZPmbo Zmhr, Am{U Vmo ^mJmZJamH$So> _mo{h_og OmD$Z {VH$S>rb Mm§Xo, XodJS>,am_{Jar, ~m§OoXoe dJ¡ao bwQ>tV am{hbm.

àVmnamd JwOa Agm hm _hmamOm§da égyZ XÿaÀ`m àm§VmV _mo{h_oda Jobm Ag|nmhÿZo ~{hbmobImZmZo§ nwZ… \$m¡OoMr O_dmO_d H$ê$Z nÝhmù`mH$S>o Mmb Ho$br. hr~mV_r JwOamg H$iVmM Ë`mZo CbQ> ImD$Z A{VdoJmZo nÝhmù`mH$S>o Ymd KoVbr.øm doit _hmamOm§Zm \$m|S>çmMm doT>m CR>dyZ OmU| ~amo~a Z dmQ>ë`mdê$Z Ë`m§Zm h|_moR>o g§H$Q> dmQ>b| hmoV|. JwOa {VH$So> eÌybm AS>{dÊ`mg Ambm Ag| H$ibo Voìhm§Ë`m§Zt Ë`mbm nwZ… nÌ {bhÿZ ~o{eñV dV©Z Ho$ë`m~Ôb Q>nH$m {Xbm d {dOmnyaH$am§Mr\$m¡O g\$mB© ~wS>{dë`mIoarO Am_À`mg_moa H$Xm{n oD$ ZH$mo Ag| gm§{JVb|. ømJmoï>rZo Ë`mg namH$mð>oMm Ëdof oD$Z Ë`mZ| ~{hbmobImÝ`mÀ`m _moR>çm \$m¡Ooda Amnë`mWmoS>çmem bmoH$m§Zrer EH$X_ _moR>çm AmdoemMm h„m Ho$bm. øm bT>mB©V àVmnamdYmamVrWu nVZ nmdbm, Am{U Ë`mMo ~aoM bmoH$ aUm§V nS>bo d ~mH$sMo niyZ Jobo.hm {dO` {_idyZ ~{hbmobImZ nÝhmù`mH$So> OmV hmoVm; BVŠ`m§V _hmamOm§MmXþgam eya gaXma h§gmOr _mo{h>Vo `mZo Ë`mbm Zogar oW| Jm§R>bo Am{U Ë`mÀ`metgm_Zm XoD$Z Ë`mMm AJXt _moS> Ho$bm. Ë`mMr \$m¡O VoW| ~arM Ibmg Pmbr Am{UCabobr g¡amd¡am niV gwQ>br. ~{hbmobImZ øm nam^dm_wio AJXt pIÞ hmoD$ZOo_Vo_ {dOmnwamg OmD$Z nS>bm. hr bT>mB© g. 1674 À`m _mM© _{hÝ`m§V Pmbr.h§gmOrÀ`m øm namH«$_m~Ôb _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mMr nwîH$i Vmar\$ H$ê$Z Ë`mbm gaZmo~VHo$b| d h§~raamd hm {H$Vm~ {Xbm. gXarb bT>mB©V g§VmOr KmoanSo> d YZmOr OmYd ho_moR>o eya{enmB© Agë`mM| àW_ _hmamOm§À`m {ZXe©Zmg oD$Z Ë`m§Mm Ë`m§Zt ~hþ_mZHo$bm d Ë`m§g _moR>çm mo½`Vog MT>{dbo. àVmnamd JwOamgmaIm eya goZmn{V AmnUm§gA§Vabm åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm \$ma IoX dmQ>bm. Ë`m§Zt Ë`mÀ`m ZmVbJm§g Mm§Jë`m Zo_UwH$mH$ê$Z {Xë`m d Ë`mÀ`m EH$m _wbrer Amnbm nwÌ amOmam_ `mMm {ddmh Ho$bm.

{dOmnyaH$am§er nwZa{n `wÕàg§J (gZ 1673-74)

g§{já {edM[aÌ114

h§~raamdmZ| {dOmnyaH$am§À`m _wbImV nwZ… _mohr_ H$ê$Z ~{hbmobImZmgJm§R>Ê`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm. h| dV©_mZ {XboaImZmg H$iVm§M Vmo ~{hbmobImZmÀ`m_XVrg Jobm. ho Ago XmoKo gaXma EH$dQ>bo h| nmhÿZ h§~raamdmZo Ë`m§Zm PwH$m§S>m XoD$ZH$mZS>m àm§VmH$So> âmar _m[abr. Vmo BVŠ`m doJmZ| Xm¡S> H$arV Jobm H$s¨ Ë`m `dZgaXmam§Zt Ë`mMm nmR>bmJ H$aÊ`mMm `ËZ gmoSy>Z {Xbm Am{U {XboaImZ Amnë`mR>mÊ`mg naV Jobm d ~{hbmobImZ H$moëhmnwamH$So> Jobm. BH$So> h§~raamdmZ|~{hbmobImZmÀ`m Ohm{JarVbm n|M ZmdmMm Jmd bwQy>Z nwîH$i Ðì` {_i{db|. V|KoD$Z Vmo _mKmar {\$abm AgVm§ Ë`mbm ~{hbmobImZmZ| pIOaImZZm_H$ gaXmamÀ`m_XVrZo ~§H$mnwamnmer Jm§R>>b|. Ë`m {R>H$mUt Ë`m§Mr {ZH$amMr bT>mB© hmoD$Z h§~raamd{dO`r Pmbm; d eÌybm niVm wB© WmoS>r Pmbr. øm bT>mB©V Ë`mbm ~aoM KmoSo>, C§Q>od BVa wÕmon`moJr gm_mZ {_imbo.

hr gJir byQ> h§~raamdmZo ñdXoer nm|MVr H$ê$Z ~mJbmUmH$So> âmar _mabrAm{U ~mJbmU ImZXoe,dèhmS>, ~èhmUnya d JwOamW ho _moJbm§Mo àm§V bwQy>Z _moR>rbwQ> KoD$Z Vmo naV Ambm. _moJb g¡Ý` Ë`mÀ`m nmR>rg bmJo, nU Ë`mMr Xm¡S> BVH$s{dbjU doJmMr Ago H$s¨ Vmo eÌyÀ`m bmoH$m§g VrgMmirg _¡b _mJ| Q>mH$s, åhUyZVo {Zame hmoD$Z _mKmar OmV.

_mJ| gm§{JVbo Amho H$s _hmamOm§Zr ñdV… \$mo§S>çmg doT>m KmVbm hmoVm. Vmo doT>m~aoM {Xdg nS>mbm hmoVm Var {H$„m H$m§ht hmVt oB©Zm. åhUyZ \$ma {Xdg EHo$M{R>H$mUt \$m¡O Jw§VdyZ R>odUo ~a| Zmhr Ago _ZmV AmUyZ doT>m CR>dyZ Vo am`JS>mgnaV Jobo. øm doit Ë`m§Zm amOmnwamnmgyZ ~maoXemn ªV gJir H$moH$UnÅ>r Vmã`m§VKoD$Z {VMr Mm§Jbr ì`dñWm bm{dbt. _hmamO \$mo§S>çmg doT>m XoD$Z {VH$So> Jw§VboAgVm§ {eÔr _moJb Ama_mamÀ`m _XVrZo _w§~B©À`m ~§Xam§V Owb_mZo Kwgbm d_hmamOm§À`m Vmã`Vbo Hw$bm© dJ¡ao àm§V bwQy>Z Ë`mZ| bmoH$m§Mr nwîH$i H$Îmb CS>{dbt,Am{U nwéf, ~m`H$m d _wb| nH$Sy>Z Jwbm_ åhUyZ {d{H$br. ho dV©_mZ H$iVmM_hmamOm§Zr am`JS>mdê$Z Ë`mÀ`mda \$m¡O admZm Ho$br. {VZ| Ë`mMm nwam _moS> Ho$bm.{XboaImZmZo{h AerM JS>~S> H$m|H$Um§V H$amd`mg nm{hbo; na§Vw Ë`mÀ`m§er _amR>çm§ZrbTy>Z Ë`mMr Mm§Jbr aJ {Oa{dbr. ømM gw_mamg gmVdbrÀ`m ImS>rV {eÔrÀ`m d_hmamOm§À`m Ama_mam§Mr _moR>r bT>mB© Pmbr, VtV {eÔrÀ`m Ama_mamMm nwam nam^dhmoD$Z Ë`m§À`m nwîH$i Vmadm§Mm Zme Pmbm. øm doir _hmamOm§Zr {Zü` Ho$bm H$sÄmUIr Ama_ma dmT>dyZ {eÔrMm Zm`ZmQ> H$oë`mdm§MyZ amhmd`mMo Zmht.

***

115

^mJ EH${dgmdm

amÁ`m{^foH$ (gZ 1674)

_mJë`m ^mJm§V gm§{JVë`mà_mU| _moJbm§Mm d {dOmnyaH$am§Mm AZoH$ bT>m`m§Vnwam nam^d H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mr ~arM \$m¡O _hmamOm§Zt Ibmg Ho$br Am¡a§JOo~mbm AmVm§Ë`m§Mm \$maM YmH$ dmQy>§ bmJbm. Ë`mZ| Ë`m§À`mer bT>Ê`mgmR>r nmR>{dboë`m àË oH$gaXmamMr nwar \${OVr CS>{dbr. ñdV… _moR>r \$m¡O KoD$Z X{jU|V Ë`m§À`mer bT>Ê`mgOmdo Va Vo Amnbm H$gm d Ho$ìhm KmV H$aVrb `mMm Zo_ Zmhr Aer Ë`mbm ^r{VdmQy> bmJbr, åhUyZ Vr{h Jmoï> _Zm§V AmUÊ`mM| Ë`mbm Y¡ © Pmbo Zmhr. {edm`CÎmaoH$So> AZoH$ JS>~S>r CnpñWV Pmë`m_wio Ë`mbm {XboaImZ dJ¡a gaXmam§g {VH$So>\$m¡O KoD$Z ~mobmdmd| bmJb|. åhUyZ Ë`mZ| Amnë`m X{jU|Vrb gw oXmambm _hmamOmerwÕàg§J H$aÊ`mMo VyV© Q>mimdo Ag| gm§JyZ nmR>{dbo. Ë`m_wi| Vmo gw^oXma OmJÀ`m

OmJr ñdñW am{hbm. ømà_mUo _moJbemhrbm nwam YmH$ d eh ~gbm; Am{U{dOmnyaH$am§Mm gaXma ~{hbmobImZ `mer doimdooim bTy>Z Ë`mÀ`m ~hþVoH$ goZoMm\$S>em h§{~aamd dJ¡ao gaXmam§Zr CS>rdë`m_wi| Ë`mbm Ë`m§À`mer nwZ… bT>Ê`mMo _wirÌmU ZìhVo. mñVd {dOmnyaH$am§Zr VyV© {edmOr_hmamOm§er wÕàg§J H$aÊ`mM| Q>mimdoAg| R>a{dbo. AmVm Hw$Vw~emhmMr Va _wirM ^r{V Cabr ZìhVr. Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>ZR>abobr I§S>Ur Zo_mZo oV Ago; Am{U Ë`mMm _w»` àYmZ _mXÊUm hm _hmamOm§ggd© àH$mat AZwHy$i Ago.

ømà_mUo {VÝhr `dZ nmVehmg eh XodyZ OmJÀ`m O>mJr VQ>ñW Ho$ë`mda_hmamOm§Zr ñdVm§g amÁ`m{^foH$ H$ê$Z KoÊ`mMm {dMma _Zm§V Am{Ubm. Ë`m§Zm ømdoit Ag| dmQy>§ bmJb| H$s emó{dYrà_mU| ñdVm§g amÁ`{^foH$ H$adyZ N>ÌqghmgZm{XamO{MÝho YmaU Ho$ë`mdm§MyZ Amnë`m{df`r bmoH$m§À`m _Zm§V nyÁ`^md CËnÞ ìhmd`mMmZmht; eÌw AmnUm§g Zoh_r nw§S>nmioJmam§VM boIVrb; BVa nmVehm d amOo AmnUm§g

g§{já {edM[aÌ116

Úmdm Vgm _mZ XoUma ZmhrV d Amnë`mer Ho$bobo H$ama_Xma d Vh ZrQ>nUonmiUma ZmhtV; øm Xoem§V oD$Z am{hbobo nañW bmoH$ AmnUm§g Ho$di bwQ>mê$g_OyZ Amnbm {VañH$ma H$[aVrb; Oo _amR>o d aOnyV gaXma AOyZ dZ nmVehVtVZmoH$arbm AmhoV qH$dm ñdV§Ì hmoD$Z ~gbo AmhoV, Ë`m§À`m _Zm§V AmnUm{df`r Bï>AmXa~w{Õ CËnÞ hmoUma Zmhr; Am{U IwÔ Amnbo àOmOZ Amnë`m gÎmobm `mo½`_mZ XoD$Z Amnë`mer Iè`m amO{Zð>oZo dmJUma ZmhtV d Ë`m§g bm{dbobr {eñV d{Xbobo H$m¡b `mo½`arVrZo _mZyZ MmbUma ZmhtV. AmnU BV…na `dZ nmVehm§MoàOmOZ ZgyZ qhXÿnXnmVehmMo A§{H$V Amhmo hr ^mdZm Ë`m§À`m R>m`t CËnÞhmoUma Zmht; Am{U {h§Xÿ§g ñdmV§Í` {_idyZ XoD$Z Ë`m§M| amÁ` ñWmnÊ`mÀ`mCÔoemZ| AmnU Jobr Vrg df} Ho$bobm n[al_ ì`W© hmoUma; ho {dMma Ë`m§À`m _Zm§VZoh_r KmoiV AgV.

ømà_mU| ñdV…g amÁ`m{^foH$ H$adyZ qhXþnXnmVemhr gemó ñWmnÊ`mMm {ZYm©aH$ê$Z Ë`m§Zt øm ~m~VtV n{hë`mZo Amnë`m _mVwlrMr g§_{V KoVbr; Am{Uam_Xmgñdm_r, qMMdS>Mo Xod dJ¡ao Oo gmYwg§V _hmamï´>m§V hmoVo Ë`m§Mr AZw_{V{_i{dbr. _J Ë`m§Zt Amnë`m nXaÀ`m gaXmam§g d H$ma^mè`m§g O_m Ho$b| d{R>H${R>H$mUÀ`m emñÍ`m§g d n§{S>Vm§g nmb»`m nmR>dyZ AmU{db|. øm gJù`m§MrEH$ g^m adyZ Ë`m§À`mnwT>o h| Amnbo _ZmoJV Ë`m§Zt ~mobyZ XmI{dbo. Ë`m§Mm hm ~oVgdmªg ng§V dmQ>bm, d Ë`m§Zt Ago R>a{dbo H$s _hmamOm§Zr amOmo{MV N>ÌqghmgZm{XamO {MÝho `Wmgm§J emó{d{Ynyd©H$ YmaU H$amdr.

_J hm amÁ`m{^foH${d{Y gemó H$amd`mMm Agë`mg H$moUH$moUË`m Jmoï>tMrAZwHy$bVm hdr `mg§~§YmZo {eï>OZm§M| _V KoVm, Ë`m§Mm A{^àm` Agm nS>bm H$s¨d«V~§Y Á`mMm Pmbm Amho Ë`mbmM amÁ`m{^foH${d{Y `Wmemó H$[aVm§ oVmo._hmamOm§Mm d«V~§Y Pmbm Zgë`m_wi| n§{S>VOZ_Vo Ë`m§Mr ewÐm§V JUZm hmoV Ago,åhUyZ Ë`m§Mm hm hoVw emóarË`m {gÕrg OmU| eŠ` Zmhr Ag| _hmamï´>m§Vrb n§{S>Vm§Mo_V nS>b|. ømà_mUo hm ZdrZM àË`dm` CnpñWV Pmbm. Ë`m§VyZ H$g| nma nS>mdo hmno§M _hmamOm§g nS>bm. Ë`m§VyZ gwQ>Ê`mMr w{º$ ~mimOr AmdOr {MQ>Urg `m§ZrAer gm§{JVbr H$s¨ H$merMm à{gÕ emñÌr JmJm^Å> hm h„r n¡R>Umg Ambm Amho.Ë`mbm øm àH$aUr emñÌmW© {dMmam. hr Ë`mMr gyMZm ng§V dmQy>Z _hmamOm§Zr

117

{MQ>Urgmbm n¡R>Umg nmR>dyZ JmJm^Å>mg _moR>çm BV_m_mZo am`JS>mda Am{Ubo.Ë`mÀ`m~amo~a n¡R>UMo BVa H$m§ht n§{S>V{h Ambo ho n§{S>V Amë`mda _hmamOm§Zr nwZ…Amnë`m amÁ`m§Vrb ~«m÷U n§{S>Vm§Mr d Amnë`m nXaÀ`m gaXma, H$ma^mar dJ¡ao{eï> OZm§Mr g^m ^a{dbr. JmJm^Å>mZ| X{jUoVë`m n§{S>VOZm§er _hmamOm§À`mamÁ`m{^foH${dYrg§~§YmMr d{VZ^d{V H$ê$Z {ZU© {Xbm Vmo Agm: {edmOr_hmamO{egmoXo amOd§em§V {Z_m©U Pmbo AgyZ _yiMo j{Ì` AmhoV. X{jUoV Amë`mdaË`m§À`m nyd©Om§Zr d«V~§Ym{X g§ñH$mam§g \$mQ>m {Xbm Agbm Var Ë`m§À`m j{Ì`ËdmMmH$mht bmon hmoV Zmht. {edmOr_hmamO Á`m d§em§Vbo AmhoV, Ë`m d§emVbo amOogm§àV CXonwamg AgyZ Ë`m§Zm Oa gemñÌ amÁ`m{^foH$ hmoV AgVmo, Va Vmo m§gM H$m§hmoD$ Z o ho g_OV Zmht. AmVm§ `m§M| d` _moR>o Pmbo Amho d AZoH$ {ddmh$ hmoD$Z`m§g g§V{V{h Pmbr Amho, Voìhm§ m§Mm d«V~§Y ì>hmdm H$gm? hm Omo àý Amho Ë`mM|g_mYmZ EdT>oM Amho H$s¨ ør àg§Jt AmnÕ_m©Mm Adb§~ H$ê$Z d«V~§Y hmamÁ`m{^foH${dYrM| AJ§ Amho åhUyZ g_Omd| d Vmo _w»` {dYrÀ`m AZwf§JmZ|~obmeH$ H$amdm.'' hm JmJm^Å>mMm {ZU©` gdm©g _mÝ` hmoD$Z _hmamOm§Zm amÁ`m{^foH$H$amdm Ag| gdm©Zw_Vo R>ab|.

_hmamOm§g Amnë`m BÀN>oà_mUo emó{ZU©` {_imë`mZ| ~hþV g§Vmof Pmbm,Am{U JmJm^Å>m{X n§{S>Vm§Zr gm§{JVë`mà_mU| amÁ`m{^foH${dYrg bmJUmè`m gd©gm{hË`mMr O_dmO_d {db§~ Z bm{dVm§ Ho$br; Am{U amÁ`m{^foH$mMr {V{W eHo$1596 (AmZ§XZm_ g§dËga) Á oð> ewÕ Ì`moXer _wH«$a Ho$br. øm {Xdet B§J«OrVmarI 6 OyZ, gZ 1674 hr oVo. hm {d{Y am`JS> {H$ëë`mda H$a{dbm. ømg_ma§^mg ñdamÁ`mVrb EH§$Xa {eï>OZ, ~«m÷U, gaXma d H$m_Xma `m§Zm Am_§ÌUo{Xbr. gJù`m§Mr CVaÊ`mMr d moOZmMr gmo Ë`m§Zt CËH¥$ï> Ho$br. hOmamo ~«m÷Um§gXa {Xdet ^moOZ KmbyZ _w~bH$ X{jUm {Xbr. JmJm^Å>m§g d n¡R>UÀ`m ~«m÷Um§gVa Ë`m§Zt \$maM _moR>o nm[aVmo{fH$ {Xbo. øm doir _hmamOm§Zr Amnë`mgmR>r EH$gwdU©_` qghmgZ ~Z{dbo hmoVo. ""_hmamOm§Zr lrj{Ì`Hw$bmdV§g amOm {edN>ÌnVr''Agm {H$Vm~ YmaU H$ê$Z H$mJXmonÌr Amnë`m amÁ`m{^foH$mnmgyZ Zdm eH$ MmbyHo$bm; d ñdamÁ`mVrb EH§$Xa bmoH$m§g hm eH$ Mmby H$aÊ`mMr VmH$sX {Xbr. hmZdm eH$ nwT>| 104 df} Mmby am{hbm. gZ 1777 V noeì`m§À`m hmVr gJir gÎmm

amÁ`m{^foH$ (gZ 1674)

¾ÖÖµÖ 652-12

g§{já {edM[aÌ118

OmD$Z Xþgam emhÿ øm gmbt JmXrda ~gbm Voìhm§ ZmZm \$S>Zdrg d gImam_ ~mny`m§Zr hm eH$ ~§X Ho$bm!

ømà_mUo BVH$s df} Aì`mhV n[al_ H$ê$Z g§nm{Xbob| ñdamÁ` {Mam w H$aÊ`mMmd qhXÿ nXnmVemhrMm I§~ra nm`m KmbÊ`mMm hm amOnXmamohUê$n Cnm` `moOÝ`m§V_hmamOm§Zr _moR>rM XrK©Ñ{ï> Xe©{dbr m§V H$m§ht e§H$m Zmht. ømZ§Va dZ ~mXehm§ZmdmQy>§ bmJb| H$s¨ ho AmVm§ Amnë`m ~amo~arMo amOo Pmbo; Am{U aOnyV amOo, B§J«O,\« | $M dJ¡ao naXoeñW bmoH$ _hmamOm§g AmVm§ {deof _mZ XoD$§ bmJbo.amOnXmamohUmÀ`m$ {Xder Va Hw$Vw~ehm, \$«|M, S>M d B§J«O m§À`mH$Sy>Z _hmamOm§ZmZOamUo Ambo hmoVo.

amOnXmamohUm{Z{_Îm amÁ`m§V gd©Ì AmZ§XmoËgd Mmbbm AgVm {OOm~mB© _mVwlrMoXohmdgmZ Pmb|. Á`m na_nyÁ` d AË §V ào_i _mVoÀ`m {ejUmZo CnXoemZ| d gVVàmoËgmhZmZo hm EdT>m àM§S> CÚmoJ _hmamOm§Zr hmVt KoD$Z Agm emobm^mg Am{Ubm,d ñdnwÌ {dO`r hmoD$Z d amOnXmê$T> hmoD$Z ZyVZ eH$H$Vm© Pmë`mZ| {OÀ`m AmZ§Xmgnmamdma Zmhrgm Pmbm hmoVm, Vr hm gwIgmohmim nmhmd`mg \$ma {Xdg Ord§Vam{hbr Zmhr. amÁ`m{^foH$g_ma§^ AmQ>monë`mda Xhm~mam {Xdg Pmbo Zm{hV VmoMEH$mEH$s¨ H$m§ht {dH$ma hmoD$Z {VMm Ë`m§V A§V Pmbm. øm EoZ AmZ§X^amV AgmAH$ñ_mV _mV¥{d`moJ Pmë`m_wio _hmamOm§g AVmoZmV Xþ…I Pmbo. Ë`m§g gd© Eoœ ©eyÝ`dV² dmQy>§ bmJb|. _hmamOm§À`m R>m`t _mV¥^ŠVr {H$Vr {Z…gr_ hmoVr h| øm g_`rZOaog Amb|. _mVoMr CÎma{H«$`m Ë`m§Zt bjmd{Y én o IMy©Z `Wmgm§J Ho$br; dnO©Ý`mMo Mma _{hZo am`JS>mda amhÿZ Ë`m§Zr _mV¥emoH$m§V Kmb{dbo.EdT>çm {XdgmVË`m§Zt {g§hmgZmamohU {~bHy$b Ho$bo Zmhr.

_J Am{œZ ewÕ n§M_rÀ`m gw_whÿVm©da Ë`m§Zt nwZa{n qghmgZmamohUg^m Ho$br.ømZ§Va Aï>àYmZ d \$m¡O\$mQ>m ~amo~a KoD$Z Vo am`JS>mdê$Z {ZKyZ àVmnJS>mdaXodrÀ`m Xe©Zmg Jobo, d VoWyZ Vo am_Xmg ñdm_tÀ`m Xe©Zmg Jobo; Am{U _J{eIaMm _hmXod d OoOwarMm I§S>mo~m `m§M| Xe©Z KoD$Z Vo naV am`JS>mda Ambo.{OOm~mB© Vm. 19 OyZ gZ 1674 V {Xd§JV Pmbr. {VMr nm§M bmI hmoZ [H$§_VrMrImgJr _Îmm hmoVr, Vr gJir {VZo§ Xohm§Vg_`r _hmamOm§À`m ñdmYrZ Ho$br.

***

119

^mJ ~m{dgmdm

amÁ`ì`dñWm

AmnU ñWm{nbob| ñdamÁ` gwK{Q>V d {Mam w ìhmd| åhUyZ _hmamOm§Zr Oo CH¥$ï>{Z`_ d {Z~ªY àg§JmonmÎm H$ê$Z R>o{dbo hmoVo Ë`m§M| oW| WmoS>Š`m§V {X½Xe©Z H$ê$Z_J Ë`m§À`m eof M[aÌmMo H$WZ H$aU| Bï> dmQ>V|.

Amnë`m amÁ`m§Vrb {Za{Zamù`m ImË`m§Mr gwì`dñWm bmJmdr åhUyZ àË oH$ImË`mg EH$ EH$ A{YH$mar O~m~Xma Zo_yZ Ë`mg àYmZ hr g§km Ë`m§Zr {Xbr. AgoEH§$Xa AmR> àYmZ Ë`m§Zt Zo{_bo, Ë`m§Mr mXr oUoà_mUo:- (1) _w»` àYmZ åhUOonoedm. ømMr nXdr amOmÀ`m ImbmoImb Ago. Ë`mMr XoIaoI _wbIr d bîH$arImË`mda Ago. amOmÀ`m J¡ahOoarV Ë`m§À`m OmJr Ë`mZ| ì`dñWm nmhmdr Ago Ago.EH§$Xa I{bË`m§da d AmkmnÌm§da amOmÀ`m {e¸$çm_moV©~mImbt `mMm _moV©~ Ago.

(2) goZmn{V åhUOo gaZmo~V. ømMm A_b AWm©V² gJù`m bîH$amda Ago.ho Ago XmoZ goZmn[V Ag§V. EH$ KmoS>XimdaMm d EH$ nm`XimdaMm. na§Vwnm`XimdaÀ`m goZmnVrg àYmZ_§S>im§V OmJm Zgo.

(3) n§V A_mË` åhUOo _wOw_Xma. mMr XoIaoI amÁ`mÀ`m EH§$Xa O_mIMm©daAgo.

(4) n§V d g{Md åhUOo gwaZrg. `mMr XoIaoI gaH$mar XâVamda Ago.{Za{Zamù`m ImË`mVrb XâVa| ZrQ> R>odVmV H$s¨ ZmhtV h| VnmgÊ`mM| H$m_ `mMoAgo. `mÀ`m {e¸$çmdm§MyZ H$moUVm{h gaH$mar H$mJX qH$dm I{bVm OmV Zgo.

(5) _§Ìr åhUOo dmH$Zrg. `mÀ`mH$So> ImgJrH$S>rb ì`dñWm Ago, AR>amH$maImZo, ~mam _hmb, hþOyanmJm d {Ob~rMo nm`Xi `m§À`m ~§Xmo~ñVmda `mMrXoIaoI Ago.

g§{já {edM[aÌ120

(6) gw_§V åhUOo S>~ra. `mÀ`mH$So> na_wbImer d AÝ` amOmer hmoUmè`mEH§$Xa ì`dhmamMr XoIaoI Ago.

(7) Ý`m`m{Ye qH$dm n§{S>Vamd. amOmg àg§JmonmV emñÌmW© gm§Jmdo OmVrOmVrMo~IoS>o {ZdS>mdo, XodñWmZo d gËnwéf `m§g [Xboë`m Zo_UwH$m§Mr ì`dñWm nmhmdr,gaH$mam§VyZ hmoUmao Y_m©Xm` d Y_©{d{Y `m§da XoIaoI R>odmdr; H$moUr Y_©~møAmMaU Ho$b| qH$dm H$m§ht AË`mMma Ho$bm Va Ë`mg emgZ H$amdo dJ¡ao H$m_o ømàYmZmH$So> hmoVr.

(8) Ý`m`m{Ye; haEH$ \$m¡OXmar d {XdmUr IQ>ë`mg§~§YmZ| bmoH$m§g `mo½`Ý`m` {_iVmo H$s¨ H$go ho nmhÊ`mMo H$m_ `mÀ`m§H$So> Ag|.

øm àYmZm§À`m H$moUË`m[h ImË`mg§~§YmMo EH$mXo {~H$Q> àH$aU CnpñWV PmboAgVm Ë`m ImË`mÀ`m àYmZmZo Ë`mMr gwZmdUr _hmamOm§nmer n{hë`mZo H$amdr. dÁ`m H$m_XmamMm Ë`mer {~H$Q> g§~§Y Ago Ë`mbm Oê$a dmQ>ë`mg hþOya ~mobdmdo.ømà_mUo EH$m§Vr Ib~V Bï> dmQ>ë`mg Ë`mMm D$hmnmoh nwZ… àYmZ_§S>imV ìhmdm.Á`m ~m~tMm g§~§Y gJù`m amÁ`mer Ago Ë`m§Mr dmQ>mKmQ> àYmZ_§S>imV hmoD$Zgdm©Zw_Vo ehm{Zem hmoV Ago. øm àYmZ_§S>imn¡H$s goZmnVrIoarO H$ê$Z BVa gmao~«m÷U AgV; Am{U n§{S>Vamd d Ý`m`mYre `m XmoKm§ n«YmZmIoarO ~mH$sÀ`m§ZmbîH$ar Zmo§H$arV {ZîUm§V Agmd| bmJo. àg§J `oB© Ë`m§à_mU| Ë`m§Zm Vbdma ~m§YyZ`wÕmg Omdo bmJo. amOmH$Sy>Z OmUmè`m {H$Ë`oH$ I{bË`mda, AmkmnÌm§da dVhZmå`mda _hmamO d _w»` àYmZ m§Mo {e¸o$ _moV©~ hmoD$Z AmUIr Mma àYmZm§À`mgøm ìhmì`m Ag|. Ago hm _mZ goZmn{V, n§{S>Vamd d Ý`m`mYre `m§IoarO~mH$sÀ`m§Zm Ago.

øm gd© àYmZm§g EH$EH$ _wVmbrH$ Ago. àYmZ ñdmarda Jobo åhUOo Ë`m§À`mgJù`m H$m_mMr ì`dñWm øm _wVm{bH$m§Zt à_wInU| nmhmdr Ag| Ago. øm AemàË oH$ _wVm{bH$mÀ`m hmVmImbr Xþgao gmV H$m_Xma AgV. Vo Ago. (1) _wOy_Xma,ømÀ`mnmer O_mIMm©Mo H$m_ Ago; (2) \$S>Urg, hm _wOy_XmamMm Xþæ`_ Ago;(3) g~Zrg qH$dm XâVaXma ømÀ`m Vmã`m§V XâVa Ago; (4) {MQ>Urg ømÀ`mnmergJù`m nÌì`dhmamM| H$m_ Ago; (5) H$maImZdrg, ømÀ`mnmer H$moR>rMrì`dñÏ`m Ago; (6) Om_Xma, ømÀ`mH$So> ZJXrIoarOH$ê$Z EH§$Xa MrOdñVrMm

121

g§J«h EH$Ì H$aÊ`mM| H$m_ Ago; (7) nmoVZrg. `mÀ`m Vmã`mV gd© amoH$S> Ago.IwÔ Imem§À`m V¡ZmVrg EH$ {MQ>Urg, EH$ \$S>Urg, EH$ nmagZrg d EH$nmoVZrg EdT>o H$m_Xma AgV.

Amnë`m ImgJV Xm¡bVrMr ì`dñWm ZrQ> bmJmdr åhUyZ _hmamOm§Zr ÛmXeH$moe (~mam _hmb) d Aï>mXe embm (AR>am H$maImZo) ñWm{në`m d Ë`m§da XamoJo,H$maHy$Z, hdmbXma BË`m{XH$m§Mr Zo_UyH$ Ho$bobr Ago.

AmVm§ bîH$amMr ì`dñWm H$er Ho$br hmoVr Vo nmhÿ§. bîH$amMo nm`Xi, KmoS>Xid Ama_ma Ago VrZ àH$ma AgV. nm`Xim§V KmQ>_mÏ`mdarb _mdio d H$m|H$UmVrbhoQ>H$ar AgV. _mdio Vadma~hmXa AgV d hoQ>H$ar ~maJra AgV. `m§V Xhm_mUgm§Mm EH$ Xm{hOm Ago, Ë`m§V ZD$ nmB©H$ d EH$ ZmB©H$ Ago. nm§M Xm{hÁ`m§daEH$ hdmbXma Ago; XmoZ hdmbXmam§da EH$ Ow_boXma Ago; Xhm Ow_boXmam§da EH$hOmar Ago. `m{edm` H$m§ht nm§M hOmar gaXma AgV. ho gJio hOmar d nm§MhOmar d gaXma gaZmo~VmÀ`m hþH$_m§V AgV.

KmoS>Xim§V XmoZ àH$maMo bmoH$ AgV: EH$ ~maJra d Xþgao {eboXma. ~ma{Jam§À`mKmoS>Ximg nmJm Aer g§km Ago. nmJoVrb gJir KmoS>r gaH$mar AgV. {eboXmam§À`mKmoS>XimVrb KmoS>r àË oH$ {eboXmamZo AmnAmnbr AmUmdr Ago Ago. øm~ÔbË`m§g gaH$mam§VyZ OmXm V¡ZmV {_iV Ago. n§M{dg ~maJra qH$dm {eboXma `m§OdaEH$ hdmbXma Ago. nmM hdmbXmamda EH$ Ow_b§oXma Ago. nm§M Ow_boXmam§da EH$gwôXma Ago. Xhm gwôXmamda EH$ nm§M hOmar Ago. ho gJio gaZmo~Vm§À`m hþH$_m§VAgV. KmoS>XimMm gaZmo~V AWm©V² {Zamim Ago.

àË oH$ gwôXmamÀ`m d hOmar gaXmamÀ`m hmVmImbr EH$ ~«m÷U g~Zrg dEH$ à^w H$maImZZrg qH$dm ~«m÷U _wOw_Xma d à^w Om~Zrg Ago hþÔoXma AgV.nm§MhOmar gaXmam§g AmUIr EH$ {XdmU {Xbobm Ago.

AmVm§ ñdamÁ`m§Vrb {H$„çm§Mm ~§Xmo~ñV H$gm R>o{dbm hmoVm Vmo nmhÿ. àË oH${H$„çmda EH$ _amR>m hdmbXma Ago. Ë`mÀ`m hmVmImbr EH$ gaZmo~V d EH$qH$dm AZoH$ VQ>gaZmo~V AgV. ho{h _amR>oM AgV. øm§{edm` AmUIr EH$gwôXma, EH$ g~Zrg, EH$ \$S>Zrg d EH$ H$maImZZrg Ago hþÔoXma AgV. ømn¡H$sn{hbo VrZ A§_bXma ~«m÷U AgV d eodQ>bm H$m`ñWà^w Ago. {H$„çm§da bîH$a

amÁ`ì`dñWm

g§{já {edM[aÌ122

R>odmd`mMo V| Ë`m§M| _hÎd nmhÿZ H$_rOmñV R>odrV. {H$„çmÀ`m VQ>m§Imbt _mMr_mMrbm_oR>o AgV, Vt amIÊ`mgmR>t _oR>H$ar AgV. Vo Mm¡Š`m§da amÌ§{Xdg amhÿZ AmgnmgH$moR>| H$m§hr eÌyMr hmbMmb {Xgë`mg {VMr {H$„çmda dXu XoV. {H$ëë`m§À`mnm`Ï`mer dmQ>m§da ZmŠ`mZmŠ`mZr am_moer,> nQ>dmar, _hma, _m§J,~oaS> dJ¡ao bmoH$m§À`mMm¡Š`m AgV. {H$„çmÀ`m ì`dñWoMo {Z`_ AJXr ~maH$m~mB©Zo R>a{dbo hmoVo. àË oH${H$„m AmgnmgÀ`m VmbwŠ`mÀ`m {Zg~Vrbm bmdyZ {Xbm AgyZ Ë`m§dagm_mZmgw_mZmMr âVr H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ VmbwH$XmamZo qH$dm _m_boXmamZ| gwôXmamÀ`mg„çmZo H$amdo Ago Ago. {H$„çm§darb bmoH$m§n¡H$s H$moUmMr V{Jar, ~hmbr qH$dmJ`mir H$aUo Vr hþOyaÀ`m AmkmnÌmZ§o H$arV. EH$EH$ {H$„m åhUOo EH$EH$ bhmZgmñdV§Ì amÁ`{d^mJ _mZrV. ho {H$„o Amnë`m amÁ`mMo OrdàmU AgyZ Ë`m§À`m moJmZoñdamÁ`g§ajU hmoUma Amho Ag| _hmamOm§Zm dmQ>o. _hmamOm§À`m Vm§ã`mVrb {H$ëë`m§À`m`mÚm {Za{Zamù`m ~IaH$mam§Zr {Xë`m AmhoV, Ë`m§dê$Z nmhVm§ Vo EH§$Xa 280 hmoVoAgo {XgVo.

_hmamOm§À`m Ama_mamÀ`m ì`dñWog§~§YmMr H$moR>|{h _m{hVr Zmht. Ë`m§Zr eoH$S>mobhmZ _moR>r OhmOo ~m§YyZ Ë`m§da bT>mD$ gm_mZmMr Mm§Jbr ì`dñWm Ho$br hmoVr.~maXoemnmgyZ Am{b~mJon ªVÀ`m n{ü_ {H$Zmè`mdarb ~hþVoH$ {H$„o d O§{Oao Ë`m§ZthñVJV Ho$bo AgyZ H$m§ht Zdo{h ~m§{Ybo; d Ë`m§À`m AmgnmgMm gJim _wbyIAmnë`m gÎmoV Am{Ubm. øm _wbImÀ`m ajUmgmR>r Ë`m§Zm Ama_ma R>odmd| bmJb|AgyZ {eÔr, {\$a§Jr, _moJb B§J«O, S>M dJ¡ao bmoH$mMr Ama_ma| d OhmOo n{ü_{H$Zmè`mda {KaRçm KmbrV Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§g eh Úmdm bmJV Ago§. øm Ama_mambmbmJUmao Ibmer, Vm§So>b d bT>dæò _hmamOm§Zm _w»`V: ^§S>mar d H$moir ømbmoH$m§VyZ {_imbo. à{gÕ§ _m`ZmH$ ^§S>mar d X`m©gma§J `m{edm` AmUIr {H$VrVar ^§S>mar gaXma øm Ama_mamda hmoVo. nU Ë`m§Mr Zm§do d hþÔo H$moR>o{h {XboboAmT>iV ZmhrV.

ñdamÁ`m§Vrb _wbImMo _hmb d àm§V Ago {d^mJ Ho$bo AgV. bmI én oCËnÞmMo Jm§d EH$m _hmbm§V _moS>V. Ago XmoZ qH$dm VrZ _hmb {_iyZ EH$ àm§VqH$dm gw^m Ho$bobm Ago. àË oH$ _hmbmda EH$ _hmb§H$ar Ago. `mgM Va\$XmaqH$dm VmbyH$Xma åhUV. hm A{YH$mar OmVrMm ~«m÷U qH$dm à^w Ago. `m{edm`

123

AmUIr àË oH$ _hmbmda EH$ hdmbXma Ago. àË oH$ àm§Vmda EH$ gwôXma qH$dm_m_bVXma Ago. XmoZXmoZ, VrZVrZ IoS>çm§da EH$EH$ H$_mdrgXma§ Ago. ømH$_mdrgXmamZ| gaH$mar dgyb _hmbH$è`mÀ`m g§_VrZo O_m H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mm {hemo~gwôXmamÀ`m H$Moarg JwOamdm Ag| Ago. gwôXmamÀ`m hmVmImbr EH$ _wOw_Xma, EH${MQ>Urg, EH$ \$S>Zrg d EH$ X\$ÎmaXma Ago hþÔoXma AgV. _hmbH$è`m§ZrH$_mdrgXmam§À`m H$m_mda XoIaoI R>odmdr, d gw oXmamZo _hmbH$è`m§da hþH$_V MmbdmdrAg| Ago. H$moUmÀ`m H$m§ht VH«$mar Agë`mg Ë`m§Mm {ZH$mb gwôXmamZo bmdmdm d\$m¡OXmar IQ>bo Ë`mZ| {ZdS>mdo Ago Ago. {XdmUr IQ>bo CnpñWV Pmbo AgVmgw oXmamZo Ë`m§Mm {ZH$mb Jmdn§MmH$Sy>Z H$admdm, d Ë`m§À`m {ZH$mbm~ahþHy$_ bmoH$m§H$Sy>ZdmJUyH$ H$amdr Ago Ago.

ñdamÁ`m§Vrb EH§$Xa O{_ZrMr _moOUr H$ê$Z Vr bmJdS> H$aUmè`m§À`m ZmdobmdyZ {VMr Zm|X _hmbH$è`m§À`m XâVat Ago. àË oH$ {~½`mg {H$Vr nrH$ ìhmdo`mMm A§XmO Cä`m {nH$mMr nmhUr H$ê$Z R>a{dV. øm CËnÞmÀ`m nm§M V{j_m H$ê$ZVrZ V{j_m O{_ZrMr bmJdS> H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`mZ| moJmì`m d XmoZ V{j_m gaH$mamVÚmdm Agm H$ama Ago. øm gaH$ma XoÊ`m~Ôb a`VoH$Sy>Z à{Vdfu H$~wbm`Vr KoV.Adf©Um{X g§H$Q>g_`r eoVH$è`mg gT>i hmVmZo VJmB© XoV. hr VJmB©Mr a¸$_ Ë`m§ZtMma nm§M dfmªÀ`m hßË`m§Zt \o$S>mdr Ago Ago. bmJdS>rg Z Amboë`m O{_Zr Zì`meoVH$è`m§g Úmd`mÀ`m Pmë`m åhUOo Ë`m§À`mnmer JwaoT>moao Zgë`mg Vt Ë`m§Zm gaH$mam§VyZnwadmdr, {~OmgmR>r XmUm Úmdm, d nrH$ hmoB©n ªV Ë`m§À`m {Zdm©hmgmR>r XmUm d n¡H$mÚmdm; Am{U XmoZMma dfm©Zr hm EodO CJdyZ ¿`mdm Aer ì`dñWm Ho$br hmoVr.CËnÞmMm AO_mg ~amo~a nmhÿZ a`Voda H$a ~gdmdm, Owby_ Agm H$moUmda{h H$ê$Z o Aer A{YH$mè`m§g gº$ VmH$sX Ago.

øm O_rZ_hgwbmÀ`m ~§Xmo~ñVm§V _hmamOm§Zr a`VoÀ`m [hVmMr Aer EH$ _moR>rgwYmaUm Ho$br, Vr Aer: dZr A_bm§V _hmbmo_hmbr d Jm§dJÞm Xoe_wI, Xoenm§So>,XogmB©, nmQ>rb, Hw$iH$Uu, ImoV, {_amgXma, O_rXma dJ¡ao AgV. Ë`m§À`m Vmã`m§V_hmb d Jm§d AgyZ Ë`m§Zt a`VHo$Sy>Z O{_ZtMm Ymam dgyb H$amdm Ag| Ago.Ë`m_wi| Ag| hmoB© H$s gd© a`V øm {_amgXmam§À`m Vmã`m§V gd©ñdr Ago. Ë`m§Zm dmQ>oVgm Vo a`VoH$Sy>Z dgyb MmonyZ KoV. Amnbm V{iam_ Jma H$aÊ`mgmR>t Vo a`Vog

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g§{já {edM[aÌ124

ZmhH$ Ìmg XoV d gaH$mamg{h ~ogw_ma \$gdrV. hr Aì`dñWm _hmamOm§Zr AOr~mV_moSy>Z Q>mH$br. a`VoH$Sy>Z dgwbmMr H$m_m{der H$aÊ`mgmR>r Amnbo doVZr H$m_JmaË`m§Zr gd©Ì Zo{_bo. øm nwamVZ {_amgXmam§Mo ZwH$gmZ hmoD$§ Z o åhUyZ Ë`m§g gaH$marH$m_Jmam§H$Sy>Z à{Vdfu H$m§ht R>ard Q>¸o$ {_imdo, Ë`m§Zr m ~m~VtV a`Vog {~bHy$bÌmg XoD$§ Z o Ag| R>a{dbo; {edm` Aem Xoe_wIm§Zm dJ¡ao Amnë`m nXar bîH$ardJ¡ao ZmoH$è`m XoD$Z amOr R>o{dbo.

_hmamOm§Zm VrZ `dZ nmVemhVter gd©Xm g§J«m_ H$amdm bmJV Agë`m_wioAmnbr \$m¡O EH$gmaIr dmT>drV amhU| ^mJ nS>bo. øm dmT>Ë`m \$m¡OoMm IM©ZwgË`m O_rZ _hgwbmda mJ{dUo XþamnmñV hmoVo. åhUyZ dZm§À`m A_bmV Mm¡WmB©d gaXoe_wIr ho h¸$ dgyb H$amd`mgmR>r {VH$S>Mt gYZ ehao bwQ>Ê`mgmR>r Amnb|KmoS>Xi dfm©Mo AmR> _{hZo Ë`m§Zm _wbyI{Jarda nmR>dmdo bmJV Ago øm Aem_wbyI{Jarg~§YmMo{h Ë`m§Zt {Z`_ R>a{dbo hmoVo Vo Ago… ñdmarV OmVm§Zm àË oH${enm`mÀ`m {~emXrMr Vnerbdma `mXr H$ê$Z {VMr qH$_V VrV Z_yX H$arV. VrAmemH$[aVm H$s¨ ñdmarhÿZ naV Amë`mda Ë`mÀ`mnmer Agboë`m gm_mZmMm PmS>mKoD$Z V| øm mXrer VmSy>Z nmhV. Ë`mÀ`mOdi H$m§ht A{YH$ _mb AmT>ië`mg VmoË`mZ| H$moRy>Z Am{Ubm V| Ë`mg {dMmarV. Vmo bwQ>rMm Amho Ag| R>aë`mg Oá H$arV,qH$dm VodT>çm _mbmMr qH$_V R>adyZ Vr Ë`mÀ`m nJmam§VyZ dgyb H$ê$Z KoV. na§VwË`mÀ`m {~emXrn¡H$s¨ EH$mXmXþgam {OÞg Jhmi Pmbm Agë`mg Ë`mMr ^anmB©gaH$mam§VyZ hmoV Ago. gaH$mar H$m_{JarV An[ahm © H$maUm_wi| EH$mÚm {eboXmamMmKmoS>m _obm qH$dm {Zén`moJr Pmbm AgVm§ Ë`mMr OodT>r {H$_V `mXtV Z_yX Ho$brAgo VodT>r Ë`mbm VËH$mi XoV. ñdmarg OmUmè`m H$moUr{h Bg_mZ| Amnbr ~m`H$mo,~Q>rH$ qH$dm H$bmd§VrU ~amo~a ZoD$§ Z o Agm {Z~©Y Ago. Ë`mà_mU|M ñdmar~amo~aH$bmb Zgmdo Aer gº$ VmH$sX Ago. _wbyI{JarV ~«m÷UdñVrg d XodñWmZm§gCnÐd XoD$§ Z o; JmB© bwQ>rV nH$Sy> Z oV. AmoPr dmhÊ`mgmR>r ~¡b hdo AgVrb VanH$S>mdo; eoVH$è`mg d {ó`m§g H$Xm{n bwQy> Z o; lr_§V _wgb_mZm§g d Ë`mÀ`mnXaÀ`m lr_§V qhXÿ§g I§S> XoÊ`mM| gm_Ï © Amho Ag| nmhÿZ Ë`m§gM \$º$ nH$S>mdo,d R>abobm I§S> Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z {_iVmM Ë`m§g gmoSy>Z Úmd|; BVa àOog ghgm ÌmgXoD$ Z o; Aem nH$S>mnH$S>tV _wbo d ~m`H$m `m§g H$Xm{n hmV bmdy Z o; AgoË`m§Zr {Z~ªY Ho$bo hmoVo. ho {Z~ªY H$moUt _moS>ë`mg Ë`mbm _moR>o emgZ hmoV Ago.

125

gaH$mar bwQ>rMr mXr V`ma Pmë`mda gaZmo~V Vr gJir byQ> KoD$Z amOXe©ZmgOmB© d gJim {hemo~ g_OyZ gm§JyZ byQ> gaH$manmoË`mg O_m H$ar. H$moUm {enm`mg{H§$dm A_bXmamg øm bwQ>rVrb EH$mXm {OÞg hdm Agë`mg Ë`mMr qH$_V Ë`mÀ`mdoVZmV ~mX H$ê$Z Vmo Ë`mg XoV. Á`m§Zt _mo{h_oV Mm§Jë`m H$m_{Jè`m Ho$ë`mAgVrb Ë`m§Mr hþOwamg {e\$mag H$ê$Z Ë`m§g BZm_| qH$dm ~T>Ë`m hm gaZmo~VXoddr. bT>mB©V nS>boë`m {enm`m§À`m ~m`H$m_wbm§g gaH$mam§VyZ Zo_UyH$m {_iV. OoH$moUr O~a OI_m bmJyZ ZmoH$arg Zmbm`H$ R>aV Ë`m§Zm gaH$mam§VyZ Vhh`mV doVZ{_iV Ago. Oo H$moUr ñdmarÀ`m H$m_m§V OI_m bmJyZ qH$dm Xþgè`m H$maUmZoAmOmar hmoV Ë`m§À`m Am¡fYnmÊ`mg dJ¡ao n¡gm gaH$mam§VyZ {_io. H$moUmg H$emOI_m Pmë`m Ë`mMr nmhUr hmoD$Z Ë`m _mZmZ| Ë`m§À`m ZwH$gmZrÀ`m ^anmB©XmIbË`m§Zm ~T>Ë`m qH$dm _mZmÀ`m nXì`m XoV. ømà_mU| bîH$am§Vë`m àË oH$ ZmoH$amgamOr amIÊ`mMr I~aXmar _hmamO KoV AgV. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m g¡Ý`m§V {\$Vwar qH$dmZmamOr Aer {~bHy$b hmoV Zgo. Omo Vmo ~hmXwar H$ê$Z _hmamOm§H$Sy>Z em~mgH$s d~T>Vr {_i{dÊ`mg _moR>çm CËgmhmZ| PQ>o. øm ~m~VtV bîH$amVrb bmoH$m§Mr OerH$m` nañnam§er ñnYm© bmJyZ am{hbobr Ago.

bhmZ_moR>çm hþÚmÀ`m gJù`m _mUgm§Mo nJma amoI doioÀ`m doir XoÊ`mMrì`dñWm Ago. bîH$ar qH$dm _wbIr ImË`m§Vrb H$moUmhr H$m_Xmamg Ë`mMr V¡ZmVrXmIb EH$mÚmXþgè`m JmdmMo CËnÝZ bmdyZ XoV ZgV. Aem XoÊ`mbm _moH$mgmåhUV. Ago _moH$mgo bmdyZ XoÊ`mMr Mmb `dZr A_bm§V MmohmoH$So> hmoVr. Vr_hmamOm§Zr gm\$ ~§X Ho$br. Ë`mà_mUoM Ohm{Jar XoÊ`mMr nÕV Ë`m§Zt AJXt _moSy>ZQ>mH$br. Aem Ohm{Jar dZrA_bmV XoÊ`mMr d{hdmQ> Ago. H$moUr _moR>r H$m_{JarqH$dm namH«$_ Ho$ë`m~Ôb {_imboë`m Ohm{Jar d§ena§nam MmbV. Ë`m_wio AZoH$àH$mar ZwH$gmZ d Ìmg hmoV Ago, Vmo Ë`m§Zt Zmhrgm Ho$bm. Imbgm Ho$boë`m_wbIm§V Oo H$moUr OhmJraXma AmT>iV Ë`m§À`m Ohm{Jar Ë`m§OH$So> nyduà_mUo _mbH$sh¸$mZ| R>odrV ZgV. Ë`m§g Ë`m§À`m Ohm{JarVë`m Jm§dm§À`m CËnÞmMm A_wH$ BVH$mA§e {_imdm Ag| R>adrV. Aem OhmJraXmam§n¡H$s Oo H$moUr hþema d H$V©~Jma AgVË`m§g _hmamO Amnë`m nXat ZmoH$è`m XoV. ømà_mU| _hmamOm§Zr nmQ>rb, Hw$iH$Uu,ImoV, Xoe_wI, Xoenm§S>o, XogmB©, O_rXma, _moH$mgXma, {_amgXma, OhmJraXma dJ¡aobmoH$m§À`m VmdS>rVyZ a`Vog gmoS>{dbo.

amÁ`ì`dñWm

g§{já {edM[aÌ126

AmUIr EH$m _hËdmÀ`m Jmoï>rg§~§YmZ| _hmamOm§Zt CÎm_ {eñV KmbyZ R>o{dbrhmoVr, Vr Aer… H$moUVm{h gaH$mar hþÔm H$moUmÀ`m{h Hw$im§V d§ena§nam Mmby R>ody Z oAgm Ë`m§Mm {Z`_ Ago. ~mn {H$Vr{h hþema d H$V©~Jma Agbm Var Ë`mÀ`mH$m_{Jar~Ôb Ë`mÀ`m nümV Ë`mÀ`m _wbmg _mo~Xbm Úmd`mMm Pmë`mg Ë`mMrdmñV{dH$ `mo½`Vm {H$Vr Amho V| nmhÿZ Úmdm; Ho$di ~So> ~mnH$m ~oQ>m Ago g_OyZË`mÀ`m ~mnmMm hþÔm Ë`mg A§Jr H$V©~Jmar Zgë`mg gm§Jy Z o, AWdm XþgamH$moUVm{h _moR>m hþÔm Ë`mÀ`m A§Jr Vmo d{hdmQ>md`mg bmJUmar A¸$b d hþemarZgë`mg Ë`mbm XoD$§ Zò Agm Ë`m§Mm {Z`_ Ago. `m_wio Á`mÀ`m Ë`mÀ`mA§JÀ`m dmñV{dH$ JwUm§Mr ~yO hmoD$Z gaH$mar H$m_o hþemarZo d `mo½` àH$ma|~OmdÊ`m§V òV AgV.

AmVm§ Am{YH$mar AmnAmnbr H$m_| bmdyZ {Xboë`m {eñVrà_mUo B_mZmZoH$[aVmV qH$dm H$g| `mMr XoIaoI àYmZ_§S>i d IwÔ _hmamO \w$agVrà_mUo R>odrVAgV. na§Vw h| H$m_ à_wI A{YH$mè`m§Zm Zoh_r gmYÊ`mgmaI| Zgë`mH$maUm§ZoË`m§Zt amÁ`m§V MmohtH$So> hoa R>o{dbo AgV. _wbyI{Jarda nmR>{dbobo A_bXma Ho$boë`mbwQ>rMm d {_i{dboë`m I§S>mMm {hemo~ ~amo~a XoVmV qH$dm H$m§ht A\$amV\$aH$[aVmV H$s¨ H$m`, àË oH$ {H$„çmdarb A_bXma Amnbr H$m_o {eñVdma H$[aVmVqH$dm Zmht; _hmbH$ar, gwôXma dJ¡ao _wbIr ImË`m§Vrb A{YH$mar a`Vog ÌmgXoVmV qH$dm H$m`, dgyb Ho$boë`m CËnÞmMm EodO gaH$manmoË`m§V B_mZmZo O_mH$[aVmV qH$dm Zmht; na_wbIm§Vrb eÌy§Mr hmbMmb H$er H$m` Amho, `dZrXa~mam§V H$moUH$moUË`m _gbVr Mmbë`m AmhoV. BË`m{X Jmoï>r nmhÿZ Ë`mg§~§YmMr_m{hVr ho hoa _hmamOm§g OoìhmMr Voìhm H$idrV AgV. hr hoam§Mr nÌo _hmamOEH$m§Vr dmMyZ nmhV. ñdamÁ`mVrb EH$mÚm A_bVXmamZ| H$m§hr ~oH¡$X dV©Z Ho$ë`mMoøm ~mV_rXmam§H$Sy>Z H$ië`mg Ë`mMr ~marH$ Mm¡H$er H$ê$Z Vmo IamoIarM JwÝhoJmaR>aë`mg Ë`mbm bmJbrM {ejm hmoV Ago. m_wio gdmªda gmaIr Oa~ amhÿZ Omo VmoAmnAmnë`m H$m_m§V gd©Xm Xj amhr.

_hmamOm§Zt ñdV§Ì Ý`mÌmV| Zo{_bo ZìhV|. O{_Zrg§~§YmMo qH$dm BVaXodKodrg§~§YmMo IQ>bo CnpñWV Pmbo AgVm§ Ë`m§Mm {ZH$mb Jm§dn§Mm§Zr H$mhrEH$_mo~Xbm Z KoVm H$amdm Ag| Ago. øm Aem J«m_n§Mm`VrMr nÕV Ë`m§À`m amÁ`mV

127

MmohmoH$So> hmoVr. `m_wio a`Vobm Amnë`m IQ>ë`mÀ`m {ZH$mbmgmR>r bm§~ H$moR>o Omd|bmJV Zgo, d dñVwpñWVr àË`j Smoù`m§Zt,nmhUmè`m n§Mm§H$Sy>Z Vo hmoV Agë`m_wi|AÝ`m` Agm \$magm hmoV Zgo. n§Mm§Mo {ZH$mb _hmbH$ar d gwôXma H$m`_ H$ê$ZË`m§~ahþHy$_ A_b~OmdUr H$arV AgV. n§Mm§Mm EH$mXm {ZH$mb njH$mamg ng§V ZdmQ>ë`mg Ë`mg§~§YmMm AO© Ë`m§Zr hþOwamg H$amdm d Ë`m IQ>ë`mMr Mm¡H$erÝ`m`m{YemZo H$amdr Ago Ago. \$m¡OXmar IQ>ë`m§Mr Mm¡H$er _hmbH$ar d gwôXmaH$arV. øm A{YH$mè`m§Mm EH$mXm {ZH$mb ~amo~a Z dmQ>bm Va hþOwamg AO© H$amdm,d n§{S>VamdmZo Ë`mMr \o$aVnmgUr H$amdr Agm {Z`_ Ago. bîH$am§Vrb bmoH$m§À`m\$m¡OXmar IQ>ë`m§Mr Mm¡H$er bîH$ar A§_bXmam§Zr H$amdr d Ë`m§Mo {ZH$mb Zmng§VdmQ>ë`mg Ë`mg§~§YmMo AO© gaZmo~VmH$So> H$amdo Ago Ago.

ñdamÁ`m§V Mmoa^` \$ma Ago. V| _hmamOm§Zr AJXt Zmhrg§ Ho$bo. Mmoa d ~oaS>nH$Sy>Z AmUyZ {H$Ë oH$m§Mm {eaÀN>oX H$arV, d {H$Ë oH$m§Zm eoVo bmJdS>rg XoV qH$dm{H$ëë`mda d {H$ëë`mImbt H$m_{Jè`m gm§JV. Á`m Jmdm§V MmoadS>m \$ma Ago, VoW|EH$mXm ~oaS> aIdmbrg R>odyZ XoV. ñdV… Ë`mZ|M Mmoar Ho$ë`mg Ë`mMm {eaÀN>oXH$arV; Am{U Xþgè`m H$moUr Mmoar Ho$ë`mg {VMm nÎmm Ë`mZo bmdyZ Úmdm qH$dm {VMrânmB© H$ê$Z Úmdr Ag| Ago.

ñdamÁ`m§Vrb XodñWmZm§g `mo½` Zo_UwH$m dJ¡ao H$ê$Z XoD$Z Ë`m§da _hmamOm§Zmnm[anË`Jma Zo_yZ {Xbo; d XodñWmZm§À`m IMm©da Mm§Jbr XoIaoI hmoB©go Ho$b§o._moR>_moR>çm joÌm§Vrb gËnmÌ ~«m÷Um§Mm d gmYwg§VmMm moJjo_ Mmbmdm Aer Ë`m§ZrVaVyX Ho$br. _hmamO Ho$di Amnë`m Y_m©À`m XodñWmZmgM Zo_UwH$m H$ê$Z XoVAgV Ag| Zmht, Va ñdamÁ`m§Vrb _wgb_mZm§À`m H$~ar, _{eXr, nra dJ¡ao AgVË`m§g `dZr A_bmÀ`m doit bmdyZ {Xboë`m Zo_UwH$m Vo nwT>| MmbdrV, Ë`m H$Xm{nImbgm H$arV ZgV. BVH|$M Zìho Va {H$Ë oH$mg nwaoem Zo_UwH$m Zgë`mg Ë`mânya H$ê$Z XoV AgV. ømdê$Z `dZm§À`m Y_©ñWmZmg§~§YmZ| _hmamOm§À`m _Zm§V{VañH$ma qH$dm Ûof {~bHy$b dgV Zgo h| {gÕ hmoVo. Ë`m§Zt qH$dm Ë`m§À`m gaXmam§ZtBVŠ`m ñdmè`m d bT>m`m Ho$ë`m nU H$moUË`m{h àg§Jt `dZm§À`m {H$§dm Xþgè`mH$moUmÀ`m n{dÌ ñWmZm§g Ë`m§Zt `pËH$qMV{h CnÐd {Xbm Zmhr.

amÁ`ì`dñWm

g§{já {edM[aÌ128

doXemóm§À`m AÜ``Zmg CÎmoOZ `md| åhUyZ _hmamOm§Zr Aer ì`dñWm Ho$brhmoVr H$s nT>boë`m ~«m÷Um§Zt à{Vdfu lmdU_mgm§V hþOwamg `md|; d Ë`m§Mr narjmn§{S>VamdmZ| ¿`mdr. Á`mZ| {OVŠ`m J«§Wm§Mo AÜ``Z Ho$b| Agob Ë`mbm {VVH|$ _UYmÝ` XoV. H$moUr _moR>o n§{S>V, d¡{XH$, Á`mo{Vfr dJ¡ao Ambo AgVm§ Ë`m§g Ë`m§À`m`mo½`Voà_mU| nÞmg nÞmg, e§^a e§^a én o X{jUm XoV. ~«m÷U na_wbImVbmAgë`mg Ë`mMr g§^mdZm Ðì` XoD$Z H$arV, Am{U ñdamÁ`m§Vbm Agë`mg Ë`mbmYmÝ` XoÊ`m{df`r, Á`m JmdMm Vmo Ago Ë`m JmdÀ`m A{YH$mè`mda damV XoV.

ñdamÁ`m§V OmJmoOmJ AÞgÌo KmbyZ JmoaJ[a~m§À`m {Zdm©hmMr gmo` Ë`m§Zt Ho$br,Am{U _moR>_moR>çm XodñWmZm§V doimodoim ~«m÷U ^moOZo KmbÊ`mMr ì`dñWm Ho$br.

_hmamOm§Zt _mZXoe, ^r_WS>r dJ¡ao {R>H$mUt JmB©Mr pI„mao R>o{dbr hmoVr.bîH$amg dJ¡ao ~¡b øm pI„mam§V n¡Xm hmoV AgV. Ë`mà_mU|M H$moUm eoVH$è`mggaH$mam§VyZ ~¡b XoÊ`mMo R>aë`mg Vo øm pI„mè`mVyZ XoV AgV. JmBªÀ`m {I„mam§à_mUo_{hfr§Mr pI„mao d eoù`m_|T>am§Mo H$in Ë`m§Zr OmJmoOmJ Ro>{dbo hmoVo. øm gJù`m§Mr_moOXmX à{Vdfu hmoV Ago. A_Š`mH$Sy>Z A_yH$ BVH|$ bmoUr qH$dm Vyn `md|,~«m÷U moOZmg dJ¡ao bmJUma| XþY A_wH$ BVH|$ md|, A_Š`m§Zt A_yH$ BVH$s _|T>a|Xgè`mÀ`m dJ¡ao gUm§gmR>r gaH$mam§V nmR>dmdr Ag| R>a{dbobo Ago.

***

129

^mJ Vo{dgmdm

_moJb d {dOmnyaH$a `m§Oet nwZ… H$bh(gZ 1674-1676)

_hmamOm§Zr AmnUm§g _moR>çm WmQ>mZo amÁ`m{^foH$ H$ê$Z KoD$Z X{jUoVqhXynXnmXemhrMr nwZ… ñWmnZm Ho$ë`mM| dV©_mZ EoHy$Z Am¡a§JOo~mg \$ma dmB©Q>dmQ>bo. Am{U Amnbm X{jUoVrb gw^oXma ImZOhmZ Ë`m§Zm de Agë`mMm Ë`mbmdhr_ Ambm. EdT>o {Xdg ñdñW ~gyZ am{hë`m~Ôb Ë`mZo ImZmg Q>nH$m {Xbm. hmImZ noS>Jmd oW| Amnbr N>mdUr H$ê$Z _Om _m[aV nS>bm hmoVm. amÁ`m{^foH$$AmQ>monë`mda _hmamOm§Zt Ë`mMr N>mdUr bwQ>Ê`mMm KmQ> KmbyZ XmoZ hOma KmoSX>i_moJbm§Mo àm§V bwQ>Ê`mg admZm Ho$bo. Ë`mg hmHy$Z XoÊ`mH$[aVm ImZ KmoS>Xi KoD$ZË`mÀ`m nmR>rg bmJbm. Vmo Agm noS>Jm§dmVyZ ~mhoa nS>Vm§M _hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§À`mN>mdUrda AH$ñ_mV h„m H$ê$Z VoWë`m _moJb g¡Ý`mg CYiyZ bmdbo d N>mdUr`Woï> bwQ>br. øm bwQ>rV Ë`m§Zm EH$ H$mo{Q> én o d BVa ~arM MrOdñVy gmnS>br.~mXehmg ZOa H$aÊ`mH$[aVm§ ImZmZo XmoZeo CÎm_ KmoSo> KoD$Z R>o{dbo hmoVo Vo Ë`m§À`mhmVt bmJbo. BH$So> {XboaImZ JwOamW|V hmoVm, Ë`mZ| _hmamOm§À`m _wbImda ñdmarHo$br. Voìhm h§~raamd goZmnVrZo ^S>moM, gwaV dJ¡ao àm§Vm§V {eê$Z bwQ>mbyQ> _m§S>br.ho EoHy$Z {XboaImZ g¡Ý` KoD$Z {VH$So> Jobm. {XboaImZmg AQ>H$md H$aÊ`mH$[aVm§_hmamOm§Zr _moamon§Vmg nmR>{db|. Ë`mZo _moJbm§À`m Vmã`m§Vbr R>mUr ga H$aÊ`mMmgnmQ>m Mmb{dbm. {XboaImZ naV Joë`mda _moamon§VmZo H$ë`mUmg Amnë`m nm`XimMmVi XoD$Z dgB©À`m {\$a§½`m§da Mm¡WmB© ~g{dbr. øm doit {\$a§½`m§Zr nwîH$i qhXÿHw$Qw>§~m§da {¼ñVr Y_© ñdrH$maÊ`m{df`r Owby_ Ho$ë`m~§Ôb _hmamOm§g amJ oD$ZË`m§À`mda hm Mm¡WmB©Mm h¸$ Ë`m§Zt bmXbm.

g§{já {edM[aÌ130

BH$So> OwÞa oWo _moJbm§Mr Mmirg hOma \$m¡O O_br AgyZ Vmo _hmamOm§À`m_wbIm§V {eaÊ`mÀ`m V`marV Amho Ago H$ië`mdê$Z Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m n§MdrghOma \$m¡Oo{Zer Ë`m \$m¡Ooda AH$ñ_mV h„m H$obm. C^` njm§H$S>Mo bmoH$ _moR>çmAmdoemZo bT>bo. eodQ>r _moJbm§Mm nam^d hmoD$Z Vo g¡amd¡am niV gwQ>bo. _hmamOm§À`mbmoH$m§Zr Ë`m§Mm eodQ>n ªV {nÀN>m$ nwadyZ Ë`m§Mr nwar Iam~r Ho$br. øm bT>mB©V_moJbm§À`m nwîH$i g¡Ý`mMm Zme Pmbm. _J OwÞaMm {H$„m KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ _hmamOm§ZrHo$bm, nU Vmo `m doit `eñdr Pmbm Zmht.

_hmamO OwÞamhÿZ am`JS>mda naV Ambo Vmo Ë`m§Zm Ago H$ibo H$s¨ \$mo§S>çmMm{H$„oXma _h_XImZ hm Ho$bobm Vh _moSy>Z _hmamOm§À`m {VH$S>rb _wbImg CnÐdH$ê$ bmJbm Amho. åhUyZ Ë`mÀ`mda _moR>çm \$m¡Oo{Zer _hmamOm§Zr ñdV: ñdmarH$ê$Z Ë`m {H$„çmg doT>m {Xbm. hm {H$„m \$ma _O~yV Agë`m_wio Ë`mbm ~aoM_{hZo doT>m XoD$Z amhmd| bmJb|. eodQ>t Vmo ga H$ê$Z Ë`mdarb EHy$UEH$ {enmB©H$mnyZ H$mT>bm Am{U _h_XImZmg H¡$X Ho$bo. _J {VH$S>rb ~amM A{Xbemhr_wbyI H$m~rO H$ê$Z A§H$mobm, {edoœa d H$mÐm hr ehao KoVbr. øm doit X{jUogJ§JmdVr ZXrn ªVÀ`m gJù`m _wbImda Ë`m§Mm Vm~m ~gbm. {VH$So> Ë`m§Zt ^r_JS>d nmaJS> Ago AmUIr Zdo {H$„o ~m§YyZ Amnë`m Vmã`m§V Amboë`m _wbImg~iH$Q>r Am{Ubt.

\$mo§S>çmMm {H$„m ga H$aÊ`mÀ`m {~H$Q> H$m_{JarV B~«mhr_ Zm§dmÀ`m EH$m eya_wgb_mZ gaXmamZo Mm§Jbr ~hmXþar Ho$ë`mdê$Z _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mbm Ë`m {H$ëë`mMmhdmbXma Ho$bo. _wgb_mZmÀ`m hdmbr {H$„m Agm hmM EH$ hmoVm. àË oH$ {H$ëë`mda_amR>m hdmbXma Zo_mdm Agm _hmamOm§Mm n[anmR> Ago Vmo øm Ionog Ë`m§Zt _m|S>bm.

Z§Va gw§Xm àm§VmV {eê$Z {VH$S>rb nwîH$i {H$„o Ë`m§Zt H$m~rO Ho$bo. H$madmaMm{H$„m{h Ë`m§Zt `m doit hñVJV Ho$bm. ømà_mU| _hmamOm§Zr gJio X{jU H$moH$Ud H$mZmS>màm§VmMm CÎma mJ m§da Amnbm A_b ~g{dbm. øm doit ~oXZya àm§VmdaEH$ ór Amnë`m bhmZ _wbmÀ`m dVrZo ñdV§Ì amÁ` H$arV hmoVr. åhUyZ Ë`màm§Vmbm _hmamOm§Zr _wir CnÐd {Xbm Zmht. øm amUrZo _hmamOm§g nwîH$i ZOaZOamUmnmR>dyZ Aer {dZ§{V Ho$br H$s¨, ""_mPo H$m§ht H$ma^mar d ZmVbJ _Oda CR>boAmhoV. Ë`m§Mo nm[anË` H$aÊ`mgmR>t _bm AmnU _XV H$amdr.'' øm {VÀ`m {dZ§Vrg

131

_hmamOm§Zr _moR>çm g§VmofmZ| _mZ XoD$Z {VÀ`m _XVrg Amnbo H$m§ht bmoH$ nmR>{dbod {VMo g§H$Q> {ZdmaU Ho$bo. øm amUrZ| Ë`m§Zm H$m§ht I§S>Ur XoÊ`mMo H$~yb H$ê$ZË`m§Mm EH$ dH$sb Amnë`m Xa~mat R>odyZ KoVbm.

_hmamO \$m|So> {H$ëë`mg doT>m KmbyZ {VH$So> Jw§Vë`mMo EoHy$Z \$bQ>UMo qZ~miH$ad _bdS>rMo KmQ>Jo Oo AOyZ {dOmnyaH$am§Mo OhmJraXma hmoVo Ë`m§Zr EH$dQ> hmoD$Z_hmamOm§À`m Vmã`mVbm nÝhmim d VmVmoam øm {H$ëë`mÀ`m Xaå`mZMm gJim àm§VH$m~rO H$ê$Z {dOmnyagaH$mamg {Xbm. na§Vw gXarb _mo{h_odê$Z èñdr hmoD$ZnaV Amë`mda _hmamOm§Zt Vmo gJim àm§V nwZ… H$m~rO Ho$bm; Am{U Vmo Agm ghOeÌyÀ`m hmVt OmD$§ Z o åhUyZ VmVmoam d nÝhmim m§À`m Xaå`mZ ZdrZ bhmZ bhmZ{H$ëë`m§Mr am§J C^mê$Z {Xbr. øm {H$ëë`m§Mr Zm§do dY©ZJS>, yfUJS> d gXmqedJS>Aer R>o{dbr.

\$m|S>çmda ñdmarg OmVm§Zm Amnë`m nümV _moJbmZr Amnë`m _wbImda MT>mB©H$ê$§ Z o åhUyZ Ë`m§Zt ~hmXÿaImZmer Vh Ho$bm hmoVm. na§Vw {VH$S>rb _mo{h_oV \$Îmo{_idyZ Vo naV Ambo Voìhm§ Ë`m Vhmà_mU| dmJÊ`mg Vo H$~yb Pmbo ZmhrV; Am{UË`m§Mm goZmn{V h§~raamd `mZo _moJbm§À`m JwOamW àm§Vm§V ñdmè`m H$ê$Z bwQ>mbyQ>H$aÊ`mMm Yw_YS>mH$m Mmb{dbm. {XboaImZmZo Ë`mbm AQ>H$md H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZHo$bm. nU Ë`mÀ`m hmVyZ gwQy>Z OmD$Z Ë`m _hmàVm{n goZmnVrZo gJir byQ> am`JS>mdanmdVr Ho$br; Am{U {XboaImZ Mwa_wao ImV _mKmar Jobm. ~hmXÿaImZmbm _hmamOm§ZrHo$bobm Vh _moS>ë`mMm amJ Ambm, Am{U Ë`mZ| {dOmnyaH$am§Mm dOra IdmgImZ`mer g§JZ_V H$ê$Z _hmamOm§da ñdmar H$aÊ`mMm ~oV Ho$bm. na§Vw `m§ doir{dOmnyaXa~mam§V CbQ>mnmbQ>r hmoD$Z IdmgImZmÀ`m hmVMm H$ma^ma Jobm. åhUyZ_moJbgaXmamMm hm ~oV a{hV Pmbm. H$maU Ë`mbm EH$Q>çmbm _hmamOm§da ñdmarH$aÊ`mMo gm_Ï © ZìhV|.

nwT>| _moJbm§Mo d {dOmnyaH$amM| H$m§ht H$maUm_wio wÕ Ow§nbo. Voìhm§ _hmamOm§Zr_moJbmg gm_rb hmoD$§ Zò d Amnë`m _wbImda{h ñdmar H$ê$§ Zò åhUyZ{dOmnyaXa~mamZo Ë`m§À`mer nwZ… Vh Ho$bm. Ë`mMr H$b_| Aer (1) {dOmnyagaH$mamZ|_hmamOm§g VrZ bmI én o noeIwf åhUyZ Úmdo, d Ë`m gaH$mamMm _moJbm§À`mCngJm©nmgyZ ~Mmd H$aÊ`mgmR>t Ë`m§Zm à{Vdfu EH$ bmI hmoZ Úmdo; (2) H¥$îUm

_moJb d {dOmnyaH$a `m§Oer nwZ… H$bh (gZ 1674-1676)

g§{já {edM[aÌ132

ZXrnmgyZ n{ü_oH$S>rb gJim _wbyI _hmamOm§À`m Vmã`m§V Jobm Amho Vmo Ë`m§À`mH$So>H$m`_ amhmdm; Vg|M H$moëhmnya àm§V{h Ë`m§À`mM Vmã`m§V amhmdm. hm Vh \$ma {Xdg{Q>H$bm Zmhr.

øm gw_mamg _moJbm§Mm gaXma ImZOhmZ mZo {eÔrer g§JZ_V H$ê$Z _hmamOm§À`mVmã`m§Vbm H$m|H$Uàm§V H$m~rO H$aÊ`mMm KmQ> KmVbm, d Vmo _moR>o g¡Ý` KoD$ZKmQ>mImbt `md`mg {ZKmbm.nU _hmamOm§Zr Xhm hOma hmoZ XoD$Z Ë`mMr _yR>Xm~br. EdT>o Am{_f {_imë`mda Ë`mZ| Amnbm ~oV gmoSy>Z {Xbm. {eÔr _mÌAmnb| Ama_ma g‚m H$ê$Z _hmamOm§À`m _wbImg EH$gmaIm CnÐd XoV am{hbm.Ë`mZ| d|Jwë`m©g CVê$Z VoWë`m bmoH$m§Zm bwQ>bo. _hmamOm§Zr Amnb| Ama_ma Ë`mÀ`mnmR>rda gmoS>bo. nU Ë`mZ| Ë`mbm XmX {Xbr Zmht. _hmamOm§À`m Ama_mamZo O§{Oè`mgdoT>m {Xbm. Voìhm {eÔr Ë`mÀ`m ajUmgmR>r Amnbo Ama_ma KoD$Z Ambm. C^`Ama_mam§Mr _moR>r bT>mB© Pmbr. VrV _hmamOm§À`m Ama_mambm hma Imdr bmJbr._moJbm§À`m d {\$a§½`m§À`m gahÔrdarb àm§Vm§VyZ Amnë`m H$ë`mU, Hw$bm© dJ¡ao àm§Vm§ZmCngJ© hmoD$§ Z o åhUyZ _hmamOm§Zt gmï>tVrb {\$a§½`m§À`m {g~moZ Zm§dmÀ`m EH$m{H$ëë`mg_moa EH$ Zdm {H$„m ~m§YyZ Ë`mda Amnbo bmoH$ R>odyZ {Xbo. øm doit_moamon§VmZo Xhm hOma bmoH$m§{Zet H$ë`mUmH$So> OmD$Z am_ZJaÀ`m H$moir amOmbmhmHy$Z XoD$Z VoW| Amnbm A_b ~g{dbm; Am{U gwaVonmgyZ VrZ {Xdgm§À`mdmQ>odarb H$m§ht Jm§d H$m~rO H$ê$Z VoW| Amnbr R>mUr ~g{dbr. Ë`mMà_mU| Ë`mZ|nmaZoaMm {H$„m Ë`m doit AJXt _moS>H$irg Ambm hmoVm Vmo H$m~rO H$ê$Z Ë`mMrMm§Jbr XþéñVr Ho$br Am{U Ë`mda Amnbo bmoH$ R>o{dbo. øm {H$„çmda R>mUoHo$ë`m_wi| X_ZÀ`m {\$a§½`m§g Mm§Jbm dMH$ ~gbm d gwaVoH$S>rb _moJbm§À`mhmbMmbrda ZOa R>odVm Ambr.

ømZ§Va _hmamOm§Mr àH¥${V ~oAmam_ hmoD$Z Vo gmVAmR> _{hZo gmVmè`mgAS>Hy$Z nS>bo. _hmamOm§À`m Vrg~Îmrg dfmªÀ`m EH§$Xa Am wî`H«$_m§V Ë`m§Mr hrn{hë`mZoM àH¥${V {~KS>br. Vo Ago AmOmar nS>bo AgVm§ {OH$So>{VH$So> AerA\$dm CR>br H$s¨ {edmOr_hmamO AmOmar nS>bo AgVm§ Ë`m§Mm nwÌ g§^mOr `mZoË`m§Zm {dfà`moJ Ho$ë`m_wi| Vo _¥Ë w nmdbo. na§Vw hr dX§Vm H$moUm§V \$maer IardmQ>br Zmht. BVHo$ _{hZo Vo gmVmè`mg nSy>Z am{hë`mMm gdm©g _moR>m M_ËH$ma

133

dmQ>bm. Ia| nmhV BVH$s¨ df} gVV n[al_ H$ê$Z AZoH$ {OdmdaMo àg§J Q>miyZñdamÁ`{g{Õ Ho$ë`mda Ë`mZm {dlm§Vr Adí` hdr hmoVr. na§Vw Ë`m§À`mda à~ieÌy§Mm EH$gmaIm amoI Agë`m_wi| Ë`m§À`mer Q>¸$a Úmd`mg gd©Xm CÚwº$am{hë`mdmMyZ N>mVrM ZìhVr. àH¥${V A{Vl_m_wio \$maM ZmXþê$ñV Pmbr åhUyZMHo$di Vo EdT>o nSy>Z am{hbo. Var øm AmOmarnUm§V{h Ë`m§Zt H$Zm©Q>H$mda _mohr_H$aÊ`mMr `moOZm H$ê$Z àH¥${V ZrQ> hmoVm§M Vo {VH$S>o _moR>çm g¡Ý`m{Zer Jobo. øm_moR>çm d XÿaÀ`m _mo{h_oMo dU©Z nwT>ë`m ^mJm§V H$ê$§.

***

_moJb d {dOmnyaH$a `m§Oer nwZ… H$bh (gZ 1674-1676)

¾ÖÖµÖ 652-13

g§{já {edM[aÌ134

^mJ Mmo{dgmdm

H$Zm©Q>H$m§Vrb _mohr_ (gZ 1676-1678)

H$Zm©Q>H$mVrb ehmOramOm§Mr gJir OhmJra ì §H$moOramOo m§À`m ñdmYrZ hmoVr.ho ì §H$moOr Amnë`m Ohm{JarMr ì`dñWm ZrQ> R>odV ZmhrV, d hbŠ`m bmoH$m§À`mZmXmbm bmJyZ Vr Vo Kmb{dVrb Aer ^rVr Amho Aem H$mJmirMo nÌ Ë`m§MoH$ma^mar aKwZmW ZmamÙ hU_§Vo `m§Zr {edmOr_hmamO gmVmè`mg AmOmar nSy>ZAgVm§ Ë`m§Zm nmR>{dbo. Vo dmMyZ _hmamOm§Zr ì §H$moOramOm§g bmJbrM EH$ ~moYnanÌ {b{hbo Ë`m§Vrb Ame` Agm: ""Vwåhr jwÐ bmoH$m§À`m _gbVrà_mUo dmJVmAgo EoH$Vmo. [aH$må`m, IwembM§X bmoH$m§g dmQ>ob {VVHo$ Ðì` Mmê$Z Ë`m§Mr {_OmgdmT>{dVm; d{S>bm§Zt Ot Wmoa, {dœmgy d `mo½` _mUg| Omo{S>br Ë`m§Mm AZmXa H$ê$Z_Zmg dmQ>ob Vg| dmJVm§ ho H$m§ht R>rH$ Zìho. Var BV…na Amnb| dV©Z gwYmê$ZaKwZmWn§Vmgma»`m Wmoa, AZw^dr d {dœmgy H$ma^mè`m§À`m _gbVrZo dmJyZ ñd{hVgmYmb d ñdgÎmmd¥{Õ H$amb Aer Amåhm§g nyU© C_oX Amho.'' øm nÌmZo ì §H$moOramOoewÕrda Ambo ZmhtV, d Ë`m§Zr Amnbm nyd©H«$_ gmoS>bm Zmht. Ë`m§À`m OdiAgUmè`m ZrM _Zwî`m§Zt Ë`m§À`m ~wÕrg n¸$m «§e Ho$bm Agë`m_wi| Ë`m§Zm AmnbodmñV{dH$ {hV H$emV Amho Vo g_OoZm. aKwZmWn§VmZo Ë`m§À`m dS>rb ~§YyH$So>Ë`m§À`m{dê$Õ hr Aer H$mJmir Ho$ë`m_wi| Vo Ë`mMm nyduhÿZ A{YH$M Cn_X© H$ê$§bmJbo. Vmo Ë`m B_mZr godH$mg Agø hmoD$Z VoWyZ ~aonUr {ZKyZ {edmOr_hmamOm§H$So>oÊ`mMm {ZYm©a Ë`mZ| Ho$bm. Am{U Amnë`m Hw$§Qw>§~mg {VH$So>M R>odyZ Vmo _hmamï´>m§V

`md`mg {ZKmbm. dmQ>oV Ë`mZo {VH$S>rb {H$Ë oH$ g§ñWm{ZH$m§et amOH$maU H$ê$Z dBVam§Mr _m{hVr {_idyZ mJmZJaÀ`m Hw$Vw~ehmMo dOra _mXÊUm d AmH$ÊUm m§MrôQ> KoVbr, d Vo {edmOr_hmamOm§Zm AZwHy$b hmoD$Z Ë`m§À`m H$m`m©g _ZmnmgyZ _XVH$[aVrb Ag| Ë`mZ| Ho$bo. Vmo gmVmè`mg oD$Z _hmamOm§g ôQ>bm. Ë`m§Zr Ë`mMm_moR>m AmXa_mZ Ho$bm Am{U Ë`mbm Amnë`mOdi _moR>çm BV_m_mZo R>odyZ KoVb|.

135

aKwZmWn§VmZ| ì §H$moOr amOmg§~§YmZo O| H$m§ht gm§Jmd`mM| Vo _hmamOm§g gm§{JVbo,Am{U H$Zm©Q>H$m§V _mohr_ H$ê$Z Amnë`m d{S>bm§À`m {VH$S>rb Xm¡bVrMm `mo½`~§Xmo~ñV H$aÊ`mMm {dMma Ë`m§À`m _Zm§V nwam ^ê$Z {Xbm. hr _mohr_ \$Îmo ìhmdr`mgmR>t AmnU {VH$S>rb g§ñWm{ZH$m§et d Hw$Vw~ehmet Ho$bobo amOH$maU Ë`mZ|{ZdoXZ Ho$bo. øm Ë`mÀ`m gm§JÊ`mdê$Z _hmamOm§Zr H$Zm©Q>H$m§V _mohr_ H$aÊ`mMm ~oVZ¸$s Ho$bm.

_J Amnë`m nümV² Amnë`m _wbImda _moJbmZr h„m H$ê$§ Z`o åhUyZImZOhmZ~hmXÿa `m§Mr Mm§Jbr _yR> Xm~yZ Ë`mÀ`mer gbmoIm Ho$bm, Am{U_moJb~mXehmMo AmnU _m§S>{bH$ Amhm| Ago H$~yb H$ê$Z Ë`mbm Mma bmI hmoZI§S>UrXmIb nmR>{dbo d Oê$a nSo>b Voìhm§ nm§M hOma ñdmam§{Zer _XV H$aÊ`mM|dMZ {Xb|. Am¡a§JOo~mbm hm Vh _mÝ` hmoD$Z Ë`mZ| ehmOmÚmbm Agm hþHy$_nmR>{dbm H$s¨ {edmOr_hmamOm§er VyV© wÕàg§J H$ê$§ Z oV. øm doit A{XbemhrXa~mam§V Xþ\$ir _mObr AgyZ _hmamOmet wÕ H$aÊ`mM| ÌmU Ë`mbm Cabo ZìhV|;Am{U _hmamOm§Zt Amnë`m X{jU gahÔrda {H$„o d H$moQ> ~m§YyZ {VH$Sy>Z eÌyMmh„m Z hmoB©gm ~§Xmo~ñV H$ê$Z R>odbm hmoVm. mJmZJaÀ`m Hw$Vw~ehmer nydu PmbobmVh AÚmnnmdoVm| H$m`_ AgyZ Ë`m gaH$mamMm _hmamOm§er _moR>m gbmoIm OwibmhmoVm. Aem arVrZ| Amnbr gÎmm H$m§ht H$mi Var {Zd}Y amhrb Aer ImÌr _hmamOm§Zmøm doit dmQ>ë`mdê$Z Vo Aem XÿaÀ`m _mo{h_og {ZKmbo. Amnë`m nümV _moamon§VmZogJim H$ma^ma nmhmdm d BVa àYmZm§Zt d gaXmam§Zt Ë`mÀ`m AmkoV dmJmd| Ag|Ë`m§Zt R>a{db|.

_hmamO H$Zm©QH$mV OmVm§Zm ^mJmZJaÀ`m Hw$Vw~ehmbm ^oQy>Z Jobo. øm ehmZoË`m§Mm ~hþ_mZnwa…ga _moR>çm WmQ>mMm nmhÿUMma H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm ñdmarIMm©gmR>r XaamoOVrZhOma hmoZ åhUOo Xa _{hÝ`mg gmSo>MmabmI én o XoD$ Ho$bo. H$moUr åhUVmVH$s¨ øm IoarO AmUIr Ë`m§Zo Ë`mZm Xhm bmI hmoZ amoI {Xbo Am{U AmnbmVmo\$ImZm Ë`m§g {Xbm. ømÀ`m _mo~Xbm åhUyZ ehmOramOm§À`m Ohm{Jar~mhoa Omoàm§V _hmamO qOH$Vrb Ë`m§Vbm AYm© Ë`m§Zt Hw$Vw~ehmg Úmdm Ag| R>ab|; øm{edm` AmUIr Ë`m ehmZ| _hmamOm§À`m _XVrbm nm§M hOma bmoH$ {Xbo.


g§{já {edM[aÌ136

ømà_mU| _w~bH$ Ðì` d ^¸$_ Vmo\$ImZm {_idyZ _hmamO H$Zm©Q>H$mH$So>Omd`mg {ZKmbo. dmQ>|V Vw§J^ÐmVrar H$aZmi| H$S>n| åhUyZ EH$ g§ñWmZ bmJb|.Ë`mÀ`m _mbH$mZ| _hmamOm§g nm§M bmI hmoZ I§S>Ur à{Vdfu XoD$§ Ho$ë`mdê$Z Ë`m§ZtË`mÀ`m àm§Vmg H$mhrEH$ CnÐd Z H$[aVm§ nwT>| Hy$M Ho$b|.

_hmamO H¥$îUm ZXrÀ`m VramZ| _mJ©ñW Pmbo AgVm§ dmQ> oV Ë`m§Zmlre¡b_{„H$mOw©ZmM| Xodmb` bmJb|. Ë`mÀ`m Xe©Zmg Vo Jobo AgVm§ Vo a_Ur` dnyÁ` ñWmZ nmhÿZ AJXr V„rZ Pmbo. hm Xþgam H¡$bmgM Amho Agm Ë`m§g ^mgPmbm. Vo XodXe©Zmg Jobo AgVm§ VoW| Ë`m§À`m R>m`t Agm H$m§ht {º$^md àÁÁd{bVPmbm H$s¨ øm XodñWmZmg Amnë`m XohmMo An©U H$ê$Z Or{dVgmW©Š` H$amdo Ag|Ë`m§À`m _ZmZo KoVb|; Am{U øm AmdoemÀ`m PQ>Š`mgaer Vadma CngyZ Amnb|{eaH$_b Xodmg An©U H$amd`mg Vo {gÕ Pmbo! Aem pñWVtV Ë`m§À`m A§JmV Xodrg§Mê$Z oUoà_mUo ~mobbr; ""Vwbm Ag| Ho$ë`mZo _moj àmßV hmoU| Zmht. VwÂ`mhmVmZo AOyZ CX§S> H$V©ì` hmoU| Amho. ñdY_©ajUmgmR>r Vy§ {Z_m©U Pmbm Amhog.`mñVd Ago gmhg H$ê$§ ZH$mo.'' _hmamO ewÕrda Amë`mda hr ^dmZrMr AmkmOdiÀ`m bmoH$m§Zr Ë`m§Zm {ZdoXZ Ho$br. Vr EoHy$Z Ë`m§Zt Aem àH$ma| AmË_`kH$aÊ`mMm {dMma a{hV Ho$bm. na§Vw Aem nyÁ` d aå` XodñWmZm§V amhÿZ Vnñì`mMrd¥{Îm YmaU H$amdr d VnüaU H$ê$Z eof Or{dV Kmbdmd| Aer à~b BÀN>m Ë`m§gPmbr, Am{U Amnë`mOdiÀ`m bmoH$m§g _mohr_ ~§X H$ê$Z ñdXoer naV Omd`mggm§{JVb|. ho EoHy$Z OdiÀ`m bmoH$m§g _moR>o g§H$Q> nS>bo. Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§Zm ^dmZrÀ`mAmkoMr AmR>dU XoD$Z VXZwgma dV©Z H$aÊ`m§VM Or{dV gmW©Š` Amho Ago åhQ>bona§Vw Ë`m§À`m øm ~w{ÕdmXmMr nadm Z H$[aVm§ Vo Vnpñddof YmaU H$ê$Z Ü`mZYmaUmH$aÊ`m§V {Z_¾ Pmbo. aKwZmWn§V AZoH$ emñÌdMZm§À`m AmYmamZo Ë`m§g EH$gmaIm~moY H$arV am{hbm. hr Ë`m§Mr {daº$mdñWm ZD$ {Xdg hmoVr. _J Ë`m§Zm Ag| dmQy>§bmJbo H$s¨ hm Agm ñdOr{dVj` H$aUo C{MV Zìho. åhUyZ Vo Vr d¥{Îm gmoSy>Z nwT>rbA§JrH¥$V H$m ©H«$_mg CÚwº$ Pmbo. øm XodñWmZm§V Ë`m§Zr nwîH$i XmZY_© Ho$bm.

_ÐmgÀ`m B§J«oO ì`mnmè`m§Mm øm doiMm Agm boI Amho H$s¨ {edmOr_hmamOAmnë`m \$m¡Oo{Zer gZ 1677 gmbt _o _{hÝ`mÀ`m n{hë`m AmR>dS>çm§V _ÐmgonmgyZgmV _¡bm§da EH$m Jm§dr Vi XoD$Z hmoVo. Ë`m ì`mnmè`mH$Sy>Z _hmamOm§Zr H$mht

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Am¡fYr [OZgm Ðì` XoD$Z IaoXr Ho$ë`m Ago Vo åhUVmV. dmQ>oV bhmZ_moR>çmgaXmam§Mo àm§V H$m~rO H$arV H$arV Vo M§XrÀ`m (qOOrÀ`m) _moR>çm ¸$_ {H$„çmnmerAmbo, Am{U Ë`mbm Ë`m§Zt doT>m {Xbm, aKwZmWn§VmZ| øm {H$„çmÀ`m hdmbXmametnyduM g§YmZ ~m§YyZ R>odë`m_wio Vmo ga H$aÊ`mgmR>r wÕ H$amdo bmJbo Zmht. øm{H$ëë`mMr Mm§Jbr XmJXþOr H$ê$Z _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mda Amnbo bmoH$ R>odyZ {Xbo.

_hmamO Hw$Vw~ehmer Ho$bobm àm§V{d^mJUrMm H$ama Z nmiVm§ {OH$So>-{VH$So>AmnbrM gÎmm ~gdrV Mmbbo ho nmhÿZ Hw$Vwb~ehmZ| Ë`m§Zm ñdmarIM© XoÊ`mMo ~§XHo$bo. Ë`m_wio _hmamOm§Zm IMm©Mr n§MmB©V nSy§> bmJbr. åhUyZ Ë`m§Zt {VH$S>rb àm§VbwQ>Ê`mMm gnmQ>m gwê$ Ho$bm. øm Ë`m§À`m H«$_m_wi| {VH$S>rb bmoH$m§Mr H$er AJXtJS>~S> CSy>Z Jobr hmoVr Vo _ÐmgÀ`m B§J«O ì`mnmè`m§Zr nwT>rbà_mUo {bhÿZ R>o{dboAmho: ""{edmOr_hmamO Ð{dS>Xoem§V {eabo ho dV©_mZ Mmohm|H$So> ngab| Voìhm§ gd©bmoH$ namH$mð>oMo Km~ê$Z Jobo. Vmo _moR>m `H§$a nwéf AgyZ Ë`mZ| n{ü_ {H$Zmè`mdarbàm§VMoàm§V bwQy>Z OmiyZ CX²ÜdñV Ho$bo, d `dZ nmXehm§g Ìm{hÌm{h H$ê$Z gmoS>bo,Aer Ë`m§Mr »`m{V Mmohm|H$So> ngabr hmoVr. `mñVd Ë`m bmoH$m§g Ë`m§Mr \$maMXheV dmQy> bmJbr. Amnbr AmVm H$er YS>JV bmJVo mMm Á`mbm Ë`mbm {dMmanS>bm. Ðì` H$moR>o Amho dm H$moUmda h„m Ho$bm AgVm§ IMrV Ðì`bm^ ìhmd`mMmh| Ë`m§Zm H$m§ht X¡dreº$sÀ`m `moJmZo H$iV AgyZ Vo OmVrb {VH$So> Ë`m§g hQ>Hy$Z`e àmßV ìhmd`mMo Agm Ë`m bmoH$m§Mm g_O hmoD$Z Jobm hmoVm.''

_hmamOm§Zr {ÌZmo_„r ZmdmMm àm§V H$m~rO H$ê$Z Ë`m§Vbo dobya, {ÌdmXr AmZr©dJ¡ao {H$„o ga Ho$bo, Am{U nmdgmim bmJë`m_wio {ÌdmXr oWo Amnë`m KmoS>XimMmVi {Xbm. oW| R>mU| {Xë`mda Ë`m§Zt _Xþamàm§VmÀ`m amOmH$So> ñdmarIMm©gmR>r EH$H$moQ>r én`m§Mr _mJUr Ho$br. Ë`m_wio Ë`mZo Km~ê$Z OmD$Z Amnbm dH$sb _hmamOm§H$So>nmR>dyZ VhmMo ~mobUo bm{db|; Am{U Ë`mZo gmV bmI hmoZ I§S>Ur XoÊ`mMo H$~ybH$ê$Z XrS> bmI hmoZ amoI {Xbo. Voìhm§ AWm©V² Ë`m§Zt Ë`mÀ`m àm§Vmg _wir CnÐd{Xbm Zmhr.

gXarb {R>H$mUt N>mdUrg AgVm§ _hmamOm§Zr ì §H$moOramOo `m§g nwT>rb à_mU|nÌ nmR>{dbo:""Wmoaë`m _hmamOm§Zr H¡$bmgdmg Ho$bm Ë`mg AmO Voam df} Pmbr._hmamOm§Mr gd© Xm¡bV aKwZmWn§Vm§Zt Vw_À`m ñdmYrZ Ho$br. na§Vw Vo {nV¥YZ AmhoAm_Mm Ë`m§V AYm© dmQ>m Amho. øm dmQ>çmMm Cn^moJ VwåhrM AmOn ªV KoVbm.


g§{já {edM[aÌ138

Am_Mm dmQ>m Amåhr Vw_À`mH$So> `mnyduM _m{JVbm nm{hOo hmoVm. na§Vw Amåhr XÿaAgë`m_wi| Amåhmg Vgo H$aÊ`mg AmO{XZnmdoVm| gdS> {_imbr Zmht. Vwåhr_hmamOm§Mo nwÌ Amhm; Xm¡bVmMo _mbH$M Amhm§. Vwåhr Imb Vm|nmdVm| Vmo Imdm.Amåhm§g \$mdob Ë`m doir Amnbm mJ _mJyZ KoD$ Agm {dMma H$ê$Z Amåhr AmOVoam df} g~war Ho$br. Va AmVm§ Am_Mm AYm© {hñgm Amåhm§g {~ZVH«$ma Úmdm AgmVw_Mm _Zgmo~m Amho qH$dm H$go Vo bdH$a H$idmd|. Am_Mm Vw_Mm H$bh bmoH$m§Zrnhmdm; _J Mm¡Km§Zr Vwåhm§g gm§Jmdo; d Vwåhr arVrda oD$Z {hñgm Úmdm; Am{UVw_À`m Am_À`mV {dZmH$maU {dVwï> md| ho ZrQ> Zmhr. VrW©ê$n H¡$bmgdmgr Pmë`m_mJoVwåhr Amåhr EH$m aº$mMo ^mD$ EH$moß`mZo dmJy. EH$_oH$m§À`m gwIXþ…ImMo {d^mJrhmoD$§. ì`W© H$bh _mO{dë`mZo H$moUmMo H$Yr{h ~ao hmoUo Zmhr.''

øm {ZamonmMr nadm Z H$[aVm§ ì`§H$moOramOm§Zr Amnë`m _gbVJmam§À`mgëë`mdê$Z _hmamOm§er bT>Ê`mMm KmQ> KmVbm. åh¡gyaÀ`m d _XþaoÀ`m amOmZrË`m§Zm gmhmæ` H$aÊ`mM| A{^dMZ {Xë`mdê$Z Ë`m§Zm hr ~w{Õ gwMbr. nU aKwZmWn§VmZ|H$mañWmZ Ho$ë`m_wi| _XþaoÀ`m amOmZo ì §H$moOr amOm§Zm EoZ àg§Jt _XV XoÊ`mMoZmH$mabo, d åh¡gyaÀ`m amOmZo{h Ë`m§Zm Ag|M \$g{dbo. ì §H$moOramOm§Zm EH$Q>çm§Zm_hmamOm§er g_aàg§J H$aÊ`mM| gm_Ï © _wit ZìhV|. Voìhm§ {Zénm` hmoD$Z Vo_hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmbm Ambo. Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§Mr _moR>çm ào_mZ| ^oQ> KoD$Z Ë`m§Mr ~aXmñVCÎm_ àH$ma| R>o{dbr. _hmamOm§À`m N>mdUrV ì §H$moOramOo n§Ymam {Xdg hmoVo. na§VwVodT>çm AdYtV Ë`m§Zt AmnU hmoD$Z Ohm{JarÀ`m {híemg§~§YmMr Jmoï> H$m{T>brZmht. eodQ>t _hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm Amnë`mg_j ~mobmdyZ AmUyZ åhQ>b|: ""d{S>bmonm{O©VXm¡bVrMo Amåhr XmoKo {d^mJr. Amåhr {d^mJ _mJVmo Amhmo Vmo Vwåht ñdnamH«$_mZo{_i{dboë`m Xm¡bVrMm Zìho. d{S>bm§À`m OmoS>rMr ì`dñWm Am_À`m {dMmam{edm`H$aU| Vwåhm§g {d{hV Zmhr. Xm¡bVrMo H$mJXnÌ dJ¡ao AgVrb Vo Amåhm§g XmIdm.Vwåhr Amåhr g_OyZ Mmby. Vwåhm§g OS> nSo>b VoW| Amåhr Vwåhm§g Adí` _XV H$ê$§._Zm§V H$moUË`m{h àH$maMm qH$Vw R>ody ZH$m.'' ì §H$moOr amOm§Zr ho Ë`m§M| gJi| ~mobUo_wH$mR>çmZ| EoHy$Z KoVb|, Ë`m§Zm H$mhrEH$ CÎma Ho$b| Zmht, _hmamOm§À`m nXaÀ`mXþgè`m bmoH$m§Zr Ë`m§À`m _Zm§V H$m` Amho Vo VmS>Ê`mMm nwîH$i à`ËZ Ho$bm. na§VwVo AJXr _m¡Z Yê$Z am{hbo. Voìhm§ Vo H$mhrEH$ H$amamg oV ZmhrV Ag| nmhÿZ_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm naV OmÊ`mMm {Zamon {Xbm d Ë`m§g V§Omdamg nmoMVo Ho$bo.

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`mZ§Va _hmamOm§Zr nwZ… ì §H$moOramOmg Amnbo H$maHy$Z nmR>dyZ nwT>rb à_mU|{Zamon {Xbm: ""V§Omda àm§VmMm AYm© ^mJ d Xþgao H$mht {H$„o Amåhm§g Am_MmAYm© ^mJ åhUyZ Úmdo, EdT>çmZ|M Am_Mo g_mYmZ hmoB©b. J¥hH$bh dmT>{dÊ`m§VC^`Vm§Mo ZwH$gmZ Amho. Am_À`m dmQ>çmMm BV…na A{^bmf Yê$§ ZH$m. dmQ>mH$m§ht gwQ>Uma Zmht. Vwåhm§g Vmo Úmdm bmJob.'' `mda ì §H$moOramOm§Zr Amnë`mOdiÀ`m _wgb_mZ _gbVJmam §À`m gëë`mZo nwT>rb Ame`mMm O~m~nmR>{dbm:""Vwåhr A[Xbemhr{déÕ ~§S> Ho$b| Amho. nU Amåhr Ë`m emhrMo A§{H$VAmhmo>. åhUyZ A{XbehmZo d{S>bm§Mr OhmJra Amåhm§H$So> amhÿ {Xbr Amho. hr Ho$diMmH$ar ~Ôb {_imbobr Xm¡bV Amho. {VMm dm§Q>m Vwåhr ~§S>Imoa Agë`m_wi| A{XbehmVwåhm§bm XoD$§ XoUma Zmht, d Ë`mda Vw_Mm H$m`Xoera h¸$hr Zmhr. d{S>bm§À`m doiMohÎmr, KmoSo>, Odmhra dJ¡ao O| H$m§hr Agob Ë`mMm dmQ>m _mJUo Agob Va Vmo AmåhrXoÊ`mg V`ma Amhmo.''

Agm Ë`m§Mm O~m~ EoHy$Z _hmamOm§Zm _moR>m g§Vmn Ambm d Ë`m§À`mda ñdmarH$aÊ`mMm ~oV _Zm§V Am{Ubm. na§Vw Ë`m§Zr nwZ… Agm {dMma Ho$bm H$s¨ Ë`m§À`mdañdmar H$ê$Z Ë`m§g Ooa H$aÊ`m§V nwéfmW© Vmo H$moUVm? Vo H$go Pmbo Var Amnbo ~§YwAmhoV. d{S>bm§À`m Xm¡bVrV Yw_mHw$i CS>dyZ XoÊ`mnojm Xþgao àm§V H$m~rO H$aÊ`mgH$m` H$_r AmhoV? Vo ga H$ê$Z Ë`m§da Amnbr gÎmm ~g{dë`mZo VodT>m `dZrA_b Var H$_r Ho$bmg| hmoB©b. Agm nmoº$ {dMma H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zr ì §H$moOramOm§dañdmar H$aÊ`mMm ~oV a{hV Ho$bm. _J Ë`m§Zt Amnbr _mohr_ nwT>o> MmbdyZ dobyyamgAmnb| R>mU| ~gdyZ {VH$S>rb _hmamOJS>, O½mXodJS>, H$Zm©Q>H$JS> dJ¡ao {H$„o H$m~rOHo$bo. Z§Va {VH$S>rb KmQ> MTy>Z Vo ehmOramOm§g nydu {_imboë`m Ohm{JarÀ`màm§Vm§V Ambo. Am{U {VH$S>rb H$moëhma, ~mimnya, ~|Jê$i, {eaQ>|, dmgH$moQ> dJ¡aoVmbwHo$ Ë`m§Zr hñVJV Ho$bo; Am{U H$m§ht Zdo H$moQ> d {H$„o ~m§YyZ Ë`m àm§Vmbm_O~wVr Am{Ubr; Am{U OmJmoOmJ R>mUr ~g{dbr. d {VH$S>Mo nmioJma Zoh_rnw§S>mdm H$arV, Ë`m§Mm Ë`m§Zr Zm`ZmQ> Ho$bm. AmaUrMm H$moQ> ehmOramOm§Zr doXmo^mñH$a Zm§dmÀ`m EH$m ~«m÷Um§À`m hdmbr Ho$bm hmoVm. Vmo _aU nmdë`mda Ë`mÀ`m{VKm§ _wbm§À`m Vmã`m§V Vmo hmoVm. Ë`m§Zr _hmamOm§g eaU oD$Z H$moQ> ñdmYrZ H$ê$Z{Xbm. Amnë`m d{S>bm§À`m øm hñVH$m§Mm _hmamOm§Zr ~hþ_mZ H$ê$Z Ë`mÀ`mM


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hdmbr Vmo H$moQ> Ho$bm, Am{U Ë`m§À`m IMm©gmR>r VrZ bmI én o CËnÞmMm _wbyIbmdyZ {Xbm. Oo Oo g§ñWm{ZH$, OhmJraXma qH$dm gaXma _hmamOm§g eaU oD$ZI§S>Ur XoÊ`mg amOr hmoV Ë`m§g V| _wit CnÐd H$arV ZgV. ømà_mUo Vo lra§JnÅ>UdJ¡a àm§Vm§VyZ I§S>Ê`m KoV KoV JXJbú_oœa oWo Ambo.

Ë`m àm§VmMm gw^oXma {^D$Z niyZ Joë`m_wi§o Vmo Ë`m§À`m hmVt ghO Ambm. oW|_w¸$m_mg AgVm§ Ë`m§Zr _Ðmg oWrb B§J«O ì`mnmè`m§H$So> B_maVrMo H$m_ H$aUmè`mH$m§ht H$mam{Jam§Mr _mJUr Ho$br. na§Vw Ë`m§Zt Ë`m§Zm Agm O~m~ {Xbm H$s Amåhm§gH$moUË`m{h njmbm {_iyZ amhVm oV Zmhr; åhUyZ Amnbr _mJUr _mÝ` H$[aVm§ oVZmht. oYyZ nwT>| Hy$M H$ê$Z _hamOm§Zr nmoVm}Zmodmo eha bwQ>bo d AmH$m©Q>À`m X{jUoH$S>rbgJim àm§V H$m~rO Ho$bm.

ømà_mU| _hmamO H$Zm©Q>H$mVrb {dOmnyaH$am§À`m A_bm§V gmaIm Yw_mHw$iCS>dyZ XoV d I§S>Ê`m dgyb H$arV Mmbbo AgVm§ {X„tVrb Ë`m§À`m d{H$bmH$Sy>Z~mV_r Ambr H$s¨ Am¡a§JOo~ X{jUoV nmR>{dÊ`mgmR>r _moR>r \$m¡O V`ma H$arV Amho.h| H$iVmM Vo ñdXoer `md`mg {ZKmbo. øm _mo{hV am_oœamn ªV Amnbm A_b~gdrV OmÊ`mMm Ë`m§Zt ~oV Ho$bm hmoVm, Vmo øm ~m~Vr_wio {gÕrg Jobm Zmht.H$Zm©Q>H$m§V H$m~rO Ho$boë`m àm§Vm§Mm d {H$„çm§Mm ~§Xmo~ñV Ë`m§Zt Amnbo bmoH$R>odyZ Ho$bm Am{U h§~raamd d aKwZmWn§V m§À`m ~amo~a H$m§ht \$m¡O R>odyZ Vo _hmamï>m§VbJ~JrZo Ambo. øm _mo{h_oV Ë`m§Zr drg~mdrg bj hmoZ CËnÞmMm _wbyI d e§^a{H$„o hñVJV Ho$bo Ago åhUVmV.

_hmamï´>m§V naV oVm§Zm Ë`m§Zt åh¡gya àm§VmMm nyd© ^mJ d _Ü`^mJ H$m~rOHo$bm. VoWyZ nwT>o Hy$M H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zr H$monb, JXJ, _mbJw§S> dJ¡ao R>mUr hñVJVHo$br. Ë`m doit {dOmnwaH$am§À`m VrZ g§aXmam§Zr Ë`m§Zm dmQ>oV Jm§R>bo. Ë`m§er bTy>ZË`m§§Mm Ë`m§Zt nwam _moS> Ho$bm. H$moëhmnya àm§Vm§V A{XbehmMm EH$ gaXma Ym_Yy_H$arV hmoVm Ë`mÀ`mda {ZimoOr H$mQ>H$a `mg nmR>{dbo. Ë`mZ| Ë`mbm Vwa§~m ZOrH$Jm§Ry>Z Ë`mÀ`met gm_Zm Ho$bm, Am{U Ë`mMm AJXr _moS> H$ê$Z Ë`mMo bmoH$ CYiyZbm{dbo. g§nJmdm§H$Sy>Z _hmamO Hy$M H$arV AgVm Ë`m§À`m g¡Ý`mbm ~obdmS>rÀ`m{H$„çmMr _mbH$sU gm{dÌr~mB© {hZo ~amM CngJ© Ho$bm, åhUyZ Ë`m§À`m bmoH$m§Zr{VÀ`m {H$„çmg doT>m {Xbm. Ë`m ~mB©Zo gÎmmdrg {Xdg Vmo bT>{dbm. Ë`m

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PQ>mnQ>tV _hmOm§Mo \$ma bmoH$ nS>b|. eodQ>t hr ~mB© {Zénm` hmoD$Z _hmamOm§geaU Ambr. {VZo Ë`m§M| BVH|$ ZwH$gmZ Ho$b| d Aer \${OVr CS>{dbr Var Ë`m§Zt{Vbm {ejm Z H$[aVm CbQ> dñÌo^yfUo XoD$Z Jm¡a{dbo Am{U XmoZ Jm§d BZm_H$ê$Z XoD$Z gmoSy>Z {Xbo.

_hmamOm§Mm _w¸$m_ VmoaJbmg AgVm aKwZmWn§VmH$Sy>Z EH$ nÌ Ambo. Ë`m§Vì §H$moOramOo `m§Zr H$m§hr _wgb_mZ g§ñWm{ZH$m§À`m d Ohm{JaXmamÀ`m gmhmæ`mZoaKwZmWn§V d h§~raamd `m§À`m g¡Ý`mda h„m Ho$ë`mMr hH$sJV hmoVr. C^` njm§MoKmoa wÕàg§J hmoD$Z ì §H$moOramOm§Mm nwam nam^d Pmbm. Ë`m§Mo nwîH$i gaXmaaKwZmWn§VmZ| nH$Sy>Z H¡$X Ho$bo. IwÔ ì §H$moOramOo{h Ë`m§À`m hmVt ghO bmJboAgVo, na§Vw Amnë`m YÝ`mMm Agm Cn_X© H$ê$ Z o åhUyZ aKwZmWn§VmZ| Ë`m§Zm OmD$§{Xb|. h| dV©_mZ EoHy$Z _hmamOm§Zr aKwZmWn§Vmg oUoà_mUo {b{hbo: ""Vo Am_MoYmH$Q>o ~§Yy AmhoV. Ë`m§Zr nmoa~w{Õ Ho$br Var Ë`m§M| ajU Ho$b| nm{hOo. Ë`m§M| amÁ`~wS>dy Z o.'' Ë`mà_mU|M ì §H$moOramOm§Zm{h EH$ _moR>o nÌ nmR>dyZ Ë`m§g nwZ… nwîH$ig_OwVrÀ`m Jmoï>r gm§{JVë`m. ì §H$moOramOm§Mr ór {Xnm~mB© hr _moR>r ehmUr ~mB©hmoVr, {VZ| Ë`m§À`mer ~w{ÕdmX H$ê$Z _hmamOm§g eaU OmD$Z Vo _mJVmV VmoXm¡bVrMm dmQ>m Ë`m§g Úmdm Agm g„m {Xbm. Vmo Ë`m§Zm ng§V dmQy>Z Ë`m§Zr aYwZmWn§VmgAmnë`mH$So> ~mobmdyZ AmUyZ g_oQ>mMr H$b_| R>a{dbr Vr Aet: ì §H$moOramOo `m§ZrAmnë`m Xm¡bVtMo AY} CËnÞ {edmOr_hmamOm§g à{Vdfu nmdVo H$amdo; d{S>bm{O©VOS>Odm{hamMm AYm© {hñgm {edmOr_hmamOm§g Úmdm Am{U Ë`m§À`m ñdmarIMm©gmR>rH$mhr a¸$_ Úmdr. Aet VhmMr H$b_o ì §H$moOramOm§Zr H$~yb Ho$ë`mMo H$ië`mdaË`m§Zr V§Omda àm§V Ë`m§À`mH$So> amhÿ XoD$Z AmUIr Ohm{Jar Oo Xþgao naJUo Ë`m§ZtImbgm Ho$bo hmoVo Vo{h Ë`m§Zm naV {Xbo. øm g§~§YrMo _hmamOm§Zr aKwZmWn§Vmg nÌnmR>{dbo Ë`m§Vrb Ame` Agm: ""{Ma§Ord amOlr ì §H$moOramOo `m§g gm¡^m½`dVr{Xnm~mB©Zr Ü`mZmda AmUbo R>rH$ Pmbo Ë`m§Mr Yw§Xr OmD$Z ZOa Iwbr Pmbr honmhÿZ _bm g_mYmZ Pmbo Ë`m§À`m g§ñWmZmÀ`m ~§Xmo~ñVmgmR>r Vwåhr {VH$So> amhm.''_hmamOm§Zr {VH$S>rb ~§Xmo~ñVmMr EHw$Urg H$b_m§Mr EH$ mXr aKwZmWn§Vmg nmR>{dbr.

øm à_mUo H$Zm©Q>H$mVrb gJir ì`dñWm gw §Ì bmdë`mda h§~raamd gaZmo~Vm§ZmgoZogh naV ~mob{dbo Am{U ñdV… VmoaJbmhÿZ nwT>o Hy$M Ho$bo. AgVm§ Ë`m§Zm H$ibo


¾ÖÖµÖ 652-14

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H$s¨ qZ~miH$a d KmQ>Jo nÝhmim d H$èhmS> ho àm§V bwQy>Z CX²ÜdñV H$arV AmhoV.Voìhm§ Ë`m§Zt Ë`m§À`mda {ZimOr H$mQ>H$a `m§g nmR>{dbo, Ë`mZo Ë`m§g Hw$bu oW|JmRy>>Z Ë`m§Mm AJXt Ywìdm CS>{dbm Am{U Ë`m§À`mH$S>Mr gmar byQ> hñVJV Ho$br.hr byQ> Amnë`m àOmOZm§Mr Amho h| Ü`mZm§V AmUyZ _hmamOm§Zr ~marH$ emoY H$ê$ZVr Á`m§Mr Ë`m§Zm nmdVr Ho$br. Ë`m EodOmVrb EH$m VZgS>rbm{h Vo {edbo ZmhtV.hr _mohr_ AmQ>nyZ g. 1678 À`m _mM© _{hÝ`m§V _hmamO am`JS>mda oD$Z nmoMbo.åhUOo AWm©V² H$Zm©Q>H$mÀ`m _mo{h_oda {ZKmë`mnmgyZ AR>am _{hÝ`m§Zr Vo ñdXoetAmbo. h§~raamd hm{h Ë`m§À`m _mJmo_mJ ñdXoer Ambm. Ë`mZ|{h dmQ>|V {dOmnyaH$am§MoOoOo naJUo bmJbo Vo hñVJV H$ê$Z d Ë`m§À`m \$m¡Om§er dma§dma Pw§OyZ àË oH$ IonogË`m§Zm Aï>{Xem§g CYiyZ bm{db|. øm Ë`mÀ`m CËH¥$ð> H$m_{Jar~Ôb _hmamOm§ZrË`m§g A{Ve{`V dmImUyZ _moR>o nm[aVmofH$ {Xb|; Am{U Ë`mÀ`m ~amo~a YZmOrOmYd Am{U ~`mOr KmoanSo> Ago XmoZ eya gaXma hmoVo, Ë`m§Zt{h Mm§Jbr _Xþ©_H$sXmI{dë`mdê$Z Ë`m§g _hmamOm§Zr Mm§Jë`m ~T>Ë`m {Xë`m.

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g§{já {edM[aÌ144

øm bT>mB©V nS>bo; VarnU Z S>J_JVm§ Vo eÌyer _moR>çm AmdoemZo bT>bo. _hmamO{OdmMr nadm Z H$[aVm hmVm§V eó KoD$Z gJù`m§À`m nwT>| gagmdyZ bT>bo, AmnbmYZr Agm {Odmda CXma hmoD$Z bT>V Amho h| nmhÿZ gJù`m bmoH$m§g _moR>o ñ\w$aUMT>bo, Am{U Ë`m§Zr _moJbm§Mm nwam _moS> Ho$bm. h| dV©_mZ H$iVmM ehmOmÚmZ| Ë`mgaXmamÀ`m Hw$_Ho$g Ho$eaqgJmbm _moR>r \$m¡O XoD$Z nmR>{dbo; Am{U Ë`m_wi| _moJbm§À`mamZmo_mi nm§Jboë`m bmoH$m§g Zdm X_ oD$Z Vo gJio EH$dQ> Pmbo. Am{U _hmamOÁ`m qIS>rVyZ Imbt CVaUma hmoVo {VH$So> YmdV OmD$Z VoW| Ë`m§Mr dmQ> nmhV§~gbo. Voìhm§ _hmamOm§Mm hoa {haOr ZmB©H$ `mZ| Ë`m§M| WH$bobo gJio g¡Ý` Xþgè`mMEH$m qIS>tVyZ Imbt Zobo; Am{U _moJbm§À`m g¡Ý`mg Ë`mMm nÎmm Z bmJyZ {ZamehmoD$Z _mKmat Omdo bmJb|. _hmamO VoWyZ {ZgQy>Z nÅ>m oW| gwIê$n Jobo. VoW| H$mhr{Xdg {dlm§{V KoD$Z Vo {_imbobr byQ> KoD$Z am`JS>mda Jobo. øm nÅ>m> oW| Ë`m§Zm{dlm§Vr {_imbr åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr Ë`mMo Zm§d {dlm_JS> Ag| R>o{d>b|; Am{U ~hraOrZm`H$mZo EoZ g§H$Q>mÀ`m àg§Jt Amnbm ~Mmd H$obm åhUyZ Ë`mbm _moR>o BZm__hmamOm§Zr {Xb|. øm {dlm_JS>mÀ`m AmgnmgMo {H$„o d àm§V H$m~rO H$aÊ`mgmR>tË`m§Zt _moamon§Vmg nmR>{db|. Ë`mZ| hr H$m_{Jar CÎm_ àH$mao eodQ>mg Zobr.

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AmVm g§^mOramOo niyZ OmÊ`m§Mo H$maU gm§{JVbo nm{hOo. øm wdamOm§Zmgw{ejU àmßV ìhmdo åhUyZ _hmamOm§Zr H$adob VodT>r Mm§Jbr VaVyX Ho$br hmoVr.Var Ë`m§M| AmMaU Zoh_r CÝ_VnUmMo d AZJ©b Ago. ho nmhÿZ _hmamO Zoh_r pIÞAgV. EHo$ g_`r {eVimJm¡aràrË`W© amOdmS>çmV hiXHw§$H$dmMm g_ma§^ Pmbm.øm doit VoW| Amboë`m EH$m bmdÊ`g§nÞ ~«måhU órda g§^mOramOm§Zr ~bmËH$maHo$ë`mdê$Z _hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm nÝhmù`mda AQ>H|$V R>odbo hmoV|. _hmamO _moJbm§À`m_wbImV XÿaÀ`m ñdmarda Jobo Ago nmhÿZ g§ mOramOo {H$ë`mdê$Z niyZ {XboaImZmgOmD$Z {_imbo. hr Ka\y$Q> nmhÿZ Ë`m ImZmg AWm©V AmZ§X dmQ>bm.

145

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***


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g§{já {edM[aÌ152

dmñVì` Ho$b| & na§Vw dV©_mZ Zmht KoVb| & F$UmZw~§Yo§ {dñ_aU Pmbo & H$m` ZoUy§&&13&& gd©k _§S>ir Y_©_y{V© & gm§JUo H$m` Vwåhm§àVr & Y_©ñWmnZoMr H$s{V© &g§^m{ibr nm{hOo &&14&& CX§S> amOH$maU VQ>bo & VoU| {MÎm {d^mJb| & àg§J ZgVm{b{hbo & j_m Ho$br nm{hOo &&15&&

h| Ag| am_Xmgñdm_tMo nÌ hmVt nS>VmM _hmamO Ë`m§À`m Xe©Zmg Jobo. Ë`m§Mrhr n{hbr oQ> 1672 gmbÀ`m E{àb _{hÝ`m§V qeJU dmS>tV Pmbr. VoW| _hmamOm§Zrgw_whÿV© nmhÿZ ñdm_tMm AZwJ«h KoVbm Am{U Ë`mÀ`mg{ÞY H$m§ht {Xdg amhÿZ Ë`m§MmY_m}nXoe Vo EoH$V am{hbo. Ë`m ~moYmMm n[aUm_ _hmamOmÀ`m {MÎmmda Agm {dbjUPmbm H$s¨ gd©g§Jn[aË`mJ H$ê$Z ñdm_tÀ`m {eï>_§S>im§V à{dï> hmoD$Z Ë`m§À`m godoggX¡d amhmd| Agm Ë`m§Zr {dMma Ho$bm. na§Vw ñdm_rZr Ë`m§Zm øm ~oVmnmgyZ {Zd¥ÎmHo$b| Am{U ñdñWmZr OmD$Z Amnë`m H$m`m©g VËna amhmd`mg gm§{JVbo `mZ§Va_hmamO ñdm_rÀ`m Xe©Zmg doimodoim OmD$Z Ë`m§À`m AmÜ`mpË_H$ ~moYmM| ldUH$arV AgV. nwT>| Ë`m§Zt ñdm‘tZm nairMm {H$„m ZwH$VmM H$m~rO Ho$bm hmoVmË`mda AmUyZ R>odyZ Ë`m {H$ëë`mg g‚mZJS> Ag| Zmd {Xbo. Am{U Ë`m§À`m`moJjo_mgmR>r H$m§ht O_rZ bmdyZ {Xbr. gÁOZJS>mda ñdm_r oD$Z am{hë`mdaË`m§Mm {eî`n[adma \$maM dmT>ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm bmdyZ {Xboë`m O{_ZrMo CËnÞ nwaonSo>Zm. åhUyZ _hmamOm§Zr H$Zm©Q>H$m§V OmVm§Zm Ë`m§Zm AmUIr O_rZ bmdyZ {Xbr.

***

153

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A§VH$mi (gZ 1680)

_hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m d`mÀ`m eodQ>ë`m dfu _w§~B©À`m B§J«Om§g d O§{Oè`mÀ`m{eÔrg nwam eh XoÊ`mH$[aVm§ _w§~B©À`m ~oQ>mnmgyZ Xhm~mam _¡bm§À`m A§Vamda g_wÐm§VImZoar d hþZoar Aet XmoZ bhmZ ~oQ>o AmhoV Ë`m§da Amnbt R>mUr ~g{dbr. `mbmB§J«Om§Zt d {eÔrZ| ~arM haH$V KoVbr. na§Vw _hmamOm§À`m Ama_mamnwT>o Ë`m§À`mAma_mamMo H$m§ht EH$ Mmbbo Zmht. Ë`m ~oQ>m§da Ë`m§Zr Mmohm|~mOy§g ~m§YH$m_ H$ê$ZË`mda Vmo\$m bmdyZ R>odë`m. øm_wi| B§J«Om§g _moR>r XheV nmoMyZ Vo _hmamOm§Zm hdmVgm Vh H$ê$Z XoÊ`mg V`ma Pmbo. ømnydu amÁ`m{^foH$mÀ`m dfu _hmamOm§er VhH$ê$Z Vo Ë`m§À`m ^rVtVyZ _wº$ Pmbo hmoVo. `m§À`mH$Sy>Z Xmê$Jmoim d ~§XþH$mVmo\$m{_iÊ`mgma»`m Agë`m_wi| d m§À`m gbmo»`mZ| Amnë`m XoemMm naXoem§er ì`mnmadmT>Ê`mMm g§^d Agë`m_wi| m§Zm Ë`m§Zt Amnë`m amÁ`mÀ`m g{ÞY amhÿ {Xb| hmoVo.na§Vw Ë`m B§J«O ì`mnmè`m§Zm _moJbm§Mr ^r{V Agë`m_wi| O§{Oè`mMm {eÔr Omo_hmamOm§Mm n¸$m Xþñ_mZ Ë`mÀ`mer VwQy>Z dmJVm oV Zgo, H$maU Ë`m {eÔrbm_moJbm§Mm Aml` hmoVm.

_hmamOm§Zm g. 1680 À`m Ama§^r Aer ~mV_r bmJbr H$s¨ Am¡a§Jm~mX oWrbbîH$amÀ`m IMm©gmR>r nwîH$i _moR>r a¸$_ {X„rhÿZ oV Amho. Ë`mgaer Ë`m§Zt{ZdS>H$ KmoSo>ñdmam§{Zet {ZKyZ Vr a¸$_ KoD$Z oUmè`m bmoH$m§da AMmZH$ h„mHo$bm. d V| gJio Ðì` hñVJV H$ê$Z eÌyH$Sy>Z haH$V hmoÊ`mnydu Vo am`JS>mdaA{VdoJmZo oD$Z nmoMbo. øm Xm¡S>r_wio Ë`m§Zm A{Ve{`V WH$dm Ambm. Ë`m§À`mN>mVrV XþIy bmJb|, Wy§H$sVyZ aº$ nSy§> bmJbo d A§JmV _Zñdr Áda abm. ho XþIUo{Xdg|{Xdg A{YH$m{YH$ OS> hmoV Job§o. nXaÀ`m bmoH$m§Zr _moR>_moR>o d¡Ú AmUyZ ZmZmàH$maMo Am¡fYmonMma Ho$bo, XodVmg Zdg Ho$bo, gd© àH$maMr AZwð>mZ| Ho$br,

g§{já {edM[aÌ154

_m§{ÌH$m§H$adt OmXÿQ>moUo H$a{dbo. gmam§e Ë`m§Zt gd© àH$maÀ`m Cnm`m§Mr namH$mð>mHo$br, nU H$m§ht EH$ CVma nSo>Zm.

Amnbm A§Vg_` g_rn Ambm Ago nmhÿZ _hmamOm§Zt Amnbo àYmZ dJ¡aoH$ma^mar d AmßVOZ Odi ~mobm{dbo, Am{U Ë`m§g Vo åhUmbo: ""Am_À`m Am wî`mMr_`m©Xm g§nbr. AV…na Am_Mm Xoh amhV Zmht. Am_À`m d{S>bm§Mr Mmirg hOmahmoZm§Mr OhmJra hmoVr, Vr dmT>dyZ EH$ H$mo{Q> hmoZm§Mo amÁ` Amåhr {_i{dbo d EoerhOma nmJm Ho$br. g§nyU© aVI§S> qOH$mdo, {X„rMo Vº$ ¿`mdo, lr mJraWr H$a_wº$H$amdr; AQ>H$ ZXrÀ`m nbrH$So> amÁ` AmH«$_U H$ê$Z emgZ Mmbdmd|, AgmAm_Mm CËH$Q> hoVw hmoVm, Vmo A{gÕ am{hbm. Am_Mo Am wî` Iw§Q>bo. Amåhr{_i{dboboo amÁ` Am_À`m_mJo _Xþ©_H$sZo, qh_VrZo d hþemarZo ajU H$aUmam AgmnwÌ Zmhr. amOmam_ Aënd`r Amho. Vmo dmMbm Va h| amÁ` g§^miyZ dmT>drb.g§^mOr dS>rb _wbJm AgyZ OmUVm Amho; na§Vw Ë`mMr ~w{Õ H$m§ht Mm§Jbr Zmhr.''

h| Ago {ZXmZrMo d {ZéËgmhmMo ^mfU EoHy$Z gdm©Mo H§$R> XmQy>Z Ambo. Ë`m§À`mZoÌm§VyZ AlwYmam dmhy>§ bmJë`m. Ë`m§g namH$mð>M| Xþ…I Pmbobo nmhÿZ _hmamO nwZ…~mobbo: ""Vwåhr AUw_mÌ l_r hmoD$§ ZH$m. øm _mZdr Xohmg B©œamZo _¥Ë y Zo{_bmAmho {OVHo$ CËnÞ$ Pmbo {VVHo$ Omd`mM|. {Ma§Ord Agm H$moUrM Zmhr. YZ, gwV,Om`m dralr, namH«$_, Ah§Vm hr gd© {_Ï`m AgyZ oWë`m oWoM amhmd`mMr. Ë`m§gbwãY hmoD$Z _mohde Pmë`mZo {MÎmmg ZgVr Vi_i bmJVo Á`m H$mir O| KS>md`mM|Vo à_mU _mZyZ {Zanoj {MÎmmZ| dVm©do `m§VM H$ë`mU Amho, Vwåhr gd© namH«$_rAmhm. H$ibo Vgm à`ËZ H$ê$Z ñdamÁ`mMo ajU H$am. Vwåhr gJio EH$m {dMmamZodmJm Am_À`m àH¥$Vrg Amam_ nS>mdm åhUyZ Vwåhr H$amd`mMo VodT>o à`ËZ Ho$bo.gd© _m§Zdr à`ËZ Hw§${R>V Pmbo AmVm§ à`ËZ H$ê$§ ZH$m. Am_Mr Am wî`_`m©Xm nyU©Pmbr. Vwåhr øm Jmoï>rMm emoH$ H$ê$§ Z o. {ddoH$mZo {MÎmmM| g_mYmZ H$amd|.''

ømà_mU| Amnë`m bmoH$m§Mo gm§ËdZ H$ê$Z _hmamOm§Zr gJù`m§g ~mhoa Omd`mggm§{JVbo. _J Ë`m§Zt ^mJraWrMo CXH$ AmUdyZ àm`{üÎm {d{Ynyd©H$ ñZmZ Ho$bo,gJù`m A§Jmg A{¾hmoÌmÀ`m ^ñ_mM| bonZ H$ê$Z éÐmj d Vwber_mbm YmaUHo$ë`m X^m©gZr ~gyZ _moR>_moR>çm n§{S>Vm§g Am{U gÝ`mem§g Odi ~mobm{dbo dË`m§er AmË_mZmË_ {dMma Mmb{dbm. Aer {daº$Vm YmaU H$ê$Z Vo gJim doi

155

^JdØOZ H$ê$§ bmJbo. eVJmoàXmZ| Amnë`m g_j H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zt ghó JmoàXmZm§MmÐì`Ûmam g§H$ën Ho$bm, Am{U ^JdX²JrVm d ghóZm_ `m§Mo nmR> Mmb{dbo. AgmAmg_§VmV ~«÷d¥§XmÀ`m dmUrMm Kmof Mmbbm AgVm§ "lram_' hm eãX CƒmarV_hmamOm§Zr AË §V em§V d g_{hV {MÎmmZ| XohË`mJ Ho$bm. ømà_mUo Am_aU A{dlm§Vn[al_ d namH«$_ H$ê$Z g§nm[Xbobo Eoœ © d Xm¡bV gmoSy>Z OmVm§Zm Ë`m§g AË`ën{hIoX Pmbm Zmht. h| H$m§ht bhmZgmZ Y¡ © Zìho. Y_©nam`UVoZo àmá hmoUma| _ZmoO`H$aÊ`mM| gm_Ï © Ë`m§À`m R>m`t {H$Vr dgV hmoV| h| ømdê$Z Mm§Jbo ì`º$ hmoVo.nwamUm§Vat d{U©boë`m amO{f©À`m H«$_mg AZwgê$Z gJi| amÁ` nwÌmÀ`m ñdmYrZH$ê$Z d gd©g§Jn[aË`mJ H$ê$Z B©œaàmárÀ`m _mJm©Mo AI§S> Adb§~Z H$amdo Agm{dMma Ë`m§À`m _Zm§V dma§dma oB©. na§Vw `dZ nmXemhVrM| ^aV^y_tVyZ g_yiCËnmQ>Z H$ê$Z gd©Ì qhXþnXnmXemhrMr g§ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mMm Omo Amnbm hoVw VmoAnyU© am{hbm Amho, åhUyZ Aem pñWVtV amÁ`Ë`mJ H$ê$Z dmZàñWml_mMm A§JrH$maHo$ë`mg ñdàOoM| A{hV hmoD$Z ñdamÁ`Zme hmoB©b, d VoU|H$ê$Z Amnbr gd©ÌAnH$s{V© hmoB©b, ho {dMma Ë`m§À`m _Zm§V oD$Z g§gmaË`mJmMm {dMma Ë`m§Zm AH$m{bH$dmQ>o. eodQ>t Ë`m§Zt Agm {ZYm©a Ho$bm hmoVm H$s¨ g§gmam§V amhÿZ Y_m©MaU H$amdo,gËg_mJ_ H$amdm, {df`gwIm§V Amgº$ hmoD$§ Z o, d ñdH$V©ì` `Wmgm§J H$ê$Z_moj gmYmdm mVM Iam nwéfmW© Amho. g§gmaË`mJ H$ê$Z {J[aHw$ham§V dmg Ho$ë`mZ|ñdH$V©ì`namL>_wI Pmë`mMm Xmof _mWr oD$Z Amnbm ä`mS>nUm ì`º$ hmoB©b Ag|Ë`m§g dmQ>o.

_hmamOm§Mo XohmdgmZ Pmb| Voìhm§ gdmªg namH$mð>oM| Xþ…I Pmb|. àYmZ_§S>imZo{H$ëë`mMo XadmOo ~§X H$ê$Z hr {ZYZdmVm© ~mhoa Z ngao Aer I~aXmar KoVbr.gd© amO{MÝhm§Zr wº$ Aer àoV`mÌm H$mTy>Z _hmamOm§À`m H$bodamg {d{Ynyd©H$_§Ìm{¾ {Xbm. _hmamOm§Mr V¥{V` nËZr nwVim~mB© {hZo ghJ_Z$ Ho$b|, CÎma{H«$`mg§ mOr mogbo qeJUmnyaH$a m§À`m H$Sy>Z amOmam_mg g_rn ~gdyZ gm§Jmonm§J H$a{dbr.XmZY_© ~hþV Ho$bm.

***

A§VH$mi (gZ 1680)

g§{já {edM[aÌ156

dm¶ 652-1100 (nw.) Ao5*-4.2019

emgH$s¶ ‘wÐUmb¶, H$moëhmnya.

úm[Ì`h$bmdv§g - marathi

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