Wheat rust research update M i li A dMaricelis Acevedo

Wheat Rust Pathologist

Monitoring rust Fall 2010Monitoring rust Fall 2010

• “I have been checking wheat in Kansas for symptoms of g y pdisease this fall. …These monitoring efforts indicate that leaf rust is common in volunteer wheat (some fields with 70-100% incidence)incidence).

• “It is normal for us to find leaf rust in Kansas this time of year. In most years the winter conditions will eliminate the disease in many areas of the state. The importance of these finds can not be determined until spring.” Erick De Wolf

Monitoring rust Fall 2010Monitoring rust Fall 2010

• “Southeast Idaho (Aberdeen) has stripe rust in the core ( ) pcollection of the USDA-ARS hill plots, VERY unusual, in fact I don't ever remember seeing a fall infection of stripe rust in our area It's been an unusual year very cool moist withour area. …It s been an unusual year - very cool, moist, with late planting and late harvests. We have a lot of volunteer around, and we even have late maturing tillers in the dry land grain that have stayed green through harvest. There has been hail damage in many grain fields, resulting in an almost continuous green bridge in some areas. We will sample the g g pinfected plants and send samples to Dr. Xianming Chen” Juliet Marshall

What do you need to stay competitive?

How can I help to get you there?

Research program overviewResearch program overview• Applied:

• Expand the genetic base of rust resistance in new varieties of ND spring, winter, and durum wheat

• Monitor the local wheat rust pathogens population• Monitor the local wheat rust pathogens population• Basic:

• Study the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlyingStudy the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying broad resistance to wheat rust pathogens

• Study the mechanism involved in host-pathogen interaction t diff t t f i f tiat different stages of infection

Wheat rust research-new beginnings at NDSUWheat rust research new beginnings at NDSU

• Field trials in Fargo, Carrington, and Langdon 2010

• International presence – 8th International Wheat Conference in St Petersburg RussiaWheat Conference in St. Petersburg, Russia and BGRI stem rust scoring workshop in Njoro, Kenya

Wheat rust research-new beginnings at NDSU

• New research laboratory

Wheat rust research new beginnings at NDSU

New research laboratory

Matthew BreilandResearch Specialist

New greenhouse spaceNew greenhouse space

L f t l l t t tLeaf rust local current status

• Prevalent races in 2009:• MLDSD • TCRKG • Effective resistance genes deployed in our area: Lr21,34,

l i l f L 16low virulence frequency on Lr16• Virulence on Lr21 – No true virulence have been detected on

Lr21Lr21• In 2009 and 2010 leaf rust was observed in different

cultivars with Lr21

Leaf rust local current statusTake home messages:

Leaf rust local current status

• Monitor the pathogen- changes in virulence• Broaden the genetic basis of resistanceg

• Non race-specific genes • Slow rusting and/or partial adult-plant resistance

• reduced rate of epidemic • Lr34,Lr46,Lr67

• Identification of new sources of resistance• Gene pyramiding- use of marker assisted py g

selection (MAS)

Leaf rust on durum wheatLeaf rust on durum wheat

• In 2001 new races with high virulence on most durum was detected in Mexico

• Similar virulence recently detected in Southwestern US

• In Mexico, losses were estimated to US$ 32 millionUS$ 32 million

• In 2007-2008 a new variant with additional virulence was identified in Mexicovirulence was identified in Mexico

Leaf rust on durum wheat

Take home messages: • Monitor the pathogenMonitor the pathogen• Screening for new races is necessary• Non race-specific genes need to beNon race specific genes need to be

incorporated into durum breeding programsprograms

• Identification of new sources of resistanceresistance

Stripe rust local current statusStripe rust local current status

Hi h i id thi th i i• Higher incidence this summer than in previous years (4.7% incidence)

• Stripe rust samples sent for identificationStripe rust samples sent for identification • New races since 2000 –higher temperature adaptation

and more aggressive• Resistance in current varieties

• Freyr, Reeder, Briggs, Alsen, Knudson and Steele have shown some level of resistance in previoushave shown some level of resistance in previous tests

• Limited information on newer varieties

Stripe rustStripe rust

Take home messages:Take home messages: • Monitor the pathogen

St ti i f i• Starting screening for new races is necessary

• Non race-specific genes need to be incorporated into breeding programs

• Identification of new sources of resistance

Stem rustStem rust

• Local level resistance still holdingLocal level resistance still holding up

• Narrow resistance base

Stem rust global status update

20092009

20072007

20012001

2003200320062006

1998/91998/9 20012001

Movements

Possible

20092009? ?

Spread

FAO, Aug 2010

Adapted from : Dave Hodson, AGP Division, FAO, Njoro, Kenya Oct 2010

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Adapted from : Dave Hodson, AGP Division, FAO, Njoro, Kenya Oct 2010

How our varieties stack for resistance

• Local level for leaf and stem rust• Local level for leaf and stem rust– Highly resistant varieties are available for current

local raceslocal races• Genetic basis is limited

• Stripe rust• Stripe rust– Susceptibility is common

Limited information available do to sporadic– Limited information available do to sporadic epidemics

• Information need to be gathered for winter• Information need to be gathered for winter wheat

On going:On going and future projects and goals

On going:

• Collaborations with NDSU breeding programs

• Development of quantitative PCR (q-PCR) assays to improve disease reaction dataassays to improve disease reaction data • mapping resistance genes and loci

• Two master students- Spring 2011• Winter wheat- rust resistance• Spring wheat –leaf rust resistance

• Broadening genetic resistance

Future projects and goals

Broadening genetic resistance• Screening of germplasm to identify sources of

resistance to exotic or “non-local” rust races• Leaf rust and stem rust resistance on durum wheat

• ID, characterization, molecular marker d l tdevelopment

• Plant-pathogen interaction mechanisms f b tt di tfor better disease management• Better utilization of resistance

P t ti ll id tif th f h i l l• Potentially identify pathways for new chemical control

Acknowledgments

• NDSU Plant Pathology Department

• Dr. Jack Rasmussen

• Dr. Kent Grafton

• ND Wheat Commission• ND Wheat Commission

• Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Borlaug Global Rust Initiative

What do you need to stay competitive?

How can I help to get you there?

Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!

NDSU IPM FIELD SURVEY WRAP-UP –Marcia McMullen

• Tan spot fungal leaf disease was by far the most common disease observed in wheat in 2010, with over 90% of fields showing symptoms, and an average severity of 3.4%, but a range of 1 to 45% leaf severity. Another fungal leaf spot, Septoria, was observed in 9% of surveyed fields with 1.9% average severity.

• MLDSD with virulence on 1,3,9,17,30,b,10,14a• TCRKG with virulence on

1,2a,2c,3,26,3ka,11,30,10,14a,18,28• BBG/BN-Virulence: Lr2c 10 11 14b 20 23 33• BBG/BN-Virulence: Lr2c,10,11,14b,20,23,33• BBG/BP-New virulences on Lr27 + Lr31 in Gatcher and

adult-plant resistance gene Lr12