michael fry removing oil from the prinz eugen
TRANSCRIPT
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Removing Oil from the Prinz Eugen
Michael Fry Environmental Contaminants and NRDA Coordinator
Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Honolulu, HI
Photo: Ann Cohen
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1946 Baker Test at Bikini, Prinz Eugen Damaged
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Baker Test, view from Bikini, Prinz Eugen at Right
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Fireboats Attempted to Clean Radioactivity from Ships after Baker Test Battleship New York
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Sailors scrubbing down the German cruiser Prinz Eugen with brushes, water, soap, and lye. Five months later, the ship was still too radioactive to permit repairs to a leak, and she sank in Kwajalein Lagoon.
James P.Delgado, Ghost Fleet: the Sunken Ships of Bikini Atoll, Honolulu, 1996
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Chronicle of the Prinz Eugen 1945: Ownership to U.S. after World War II
1946: Operation Crossroads, Bikini Atoll: Able (1 July) and Baker (25 July)
1946, 22 December: Sinking at Carlson Islet
1974: U.S. Navy report on oil spill risk, recommends remove oil within 30 years
1986: Ownership transfer to Republic of Marshall Islands (RMI)
2010: RMI request to US for technical and financial assistance for oil removal
2012: US response:
Oil removal funding is responsibility of RMI
Suggest using Compact Funds
$50,000- $100,000 for costs of survey and feasibility study
No estimate of oil removal costs
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Resources at Risk from an Oil Spill
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Prinz Eugen
Kwajalein
Ebeye
Prinz Eugen wreck rests 200 yards offshore from Carlson Islet (Enubuj) near Kwajalein and Ebeye
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RESOURCES AT RISK IN KWAJALEIN LAGOON
http://www.smdc.army.mil/rts.html
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Prinz Eugen Position on Reef
? Schmalenbach, Paul (1971). "KM Prinz Eugen".
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Prinz Eugen Wreck in Kwajalein Lagoon
Before propeller removal in 1978 NPS photo 1989
November 2014 November 2014
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Sand
Wreck inclination 1971. Probably stable 1946-1989.
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Coral
Sand
Wreck inclination 2014
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Coral
Sand
Superstructure Corrosion and Collapse? Coral Reef Degradation?
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Locations of Fuel Tanks on Prinz Eugen
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Detail of Deck Plans of Prinz Eugen by Mark Mortensen
Determination of Oil Tank Locations in Prinz Eugen
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Prinz Eugen deck plans, Mortensen 2012
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Tanks are “Skin-tanks” i.e. the ship’s hull is the outer wall of bunkers
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2014 Position of Bunker Fuel Tanks
Number of Fuel tanks: about 120. Connections between tanks requires research
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Oil Spill Risk Factors
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RISK ASSESSMENT CRITERIA,
QUESTIONS
HIGH RISK MED. RISK LOW RISK PRINZ EUGEN
SIZE, TYPE AND CONSTRUCTION >10,000
TONNES
1000-10,000
TONNES
<1000
TONNES
17,000 TONNES
QUANTITY OF OIL >1000 TONNES 100-1000
TONNES
<100 TONNES 2767 TONNES
ACCESSIBLITY FROM SHORE NEARSHORE OR
LAGOON
OFFSHORE,
ACCESSIBLE
OPEN SEA NEARSHORE
LAGOON
WATER DEPTH, ACCESSIBILITY < 50 M 40-60 M ROV ONLY 0-10 M
HISTORY OF OIL RELEASES YES UNKNOWN NO YES
PERSISTANCE OF OIL IN WRECK VERY
PERSISTENT
MEDIUM GRADE
OILS
NON-
PERSISTENT
VERY
PERSISTENT
SUBJECT TO SEVERE WEATHER HIGH RISK MODERATE LOW MODERATE
STABILITY OF SEABED UNSTABLE RELATIVE
STABLITY
KNOWN TO
BE STABLE
UNSTABLE
CORALS
CONDITION OF WRECK SIGNIFICANT
DETERIORATION
MODERATE
DETERIORATION
MOSTLY
INTACT
COLLAPSING
HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES ON
SEABED
HIGH SUB-SEA
CURRENTS
MEDIUM
CURRENTS
LOW LEVEL
CURRENTS
LOW
SITE WRECK RISK ASSESSMENT CRITERIA AND RATINGS
Adapted from Michel et al (2005) Potentially Polluting Wrecks in Marine Waters
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RISK ASSESSMENT CRITERIA,
QUESTIONS
HIGH RISK MED. RISK LOW RISK PRINZ EUGEN
SIZE, TYPE, CONSTRUCTION >10,000
TONNES
1000-10,000
TONNES
<1000
TONNES
17,000
TONNES
QUANTITY OF OIL >1000 TONNES 100-1000
TONNES
<100
TONNES
2767 TONNES
ACCESSIBLITY FROM SHORE NEARSHORE OR
LAGOON
OFFSHORE,
ACCESSIBLE
OPEN SEA NEARSHORE
LAGOON
WATER DEPTH, ACCESSIBILITY < 50 M 40-60 M ROV ONLY 0-10 M
HISTORY OF OIL RELEASES YES UNKNOWN NO YES
PERSISTANCE OF OIL IN WRECK VERY
PERSISTENT
MEDIUM GRADE
OILS
NON-
PERSISTENT
VERY
PERSISTENT
SUBJECT TO SEVERE WEATHER HIGH RISK MODERATE LOW MODERATE
STABILITY OF SEABED UNSTABLE RELATIVE
STABLITY
KNOWN TO
BE STABLE
UNSTABLE
CORALS
CONDITION OF WRECK SIGNIFICANT
DETERIORATION
MODERATE
DETERIORATION
MOSTLY
INTACT
COLLAPSING
HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES ON
SEABED
HIGH SUB-SEA
CURRENTS
MEDIUM
CURRENTS
LOW LEVEL
CURRENTS
LOW
SITE WRECK RISK ASSESSMENT CRITERIA AND RATINGS
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I997 Western Pacific Tropical Cyclones
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1997 Hurricane Paka proximity to Kwajalein
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Oil Removal Cost Analysis
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COMPLEXITY COST FACTORS COST RANGE (US $)
SIMPLE
SHALLOW DEPTH (<20M)
LOW VISCOSITY OIL
PROTECTED WATER
LOCAL MOBILIZATION
$ 1-3 MILLION
MODERATE
MODERATE DEPTH (20-
50M)
MODERATE OIL VISCOSITY
WEATHER, SEAS, VISIBILITY
REGIONAL MOBILIZATION
$ 2-5 MILLION
COMPLEX
DEEP DEPTH (50-250M)
HIGH VISCOSITY OIL
POOR WRECK CONDITION
OPEN WATER
WEATHER
LONG MOBILIZATION
$5-20 MILLION
RANGE OF RELATIVE COSTS OF OIL RECOVERY FROM AVERAGE WRECK
Adapted from Michel et al (2005) Potentially Polluting Wrecks in Marine Waters
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COMPLEXITY COST FACTORS COST RANGE (US $)
SIMPLE
SHALLOW DEPTH (<20M)
LOW VISCOSITY OIL
PROTECTED WATER
LOCAL MOBILIZATION
$ 1-3 MILLION
MODERATE
MODERATE DEPTH (20-50M)
MODERATE OIL VISCOSITY
WEATHER, SEAS, VISIBILITY
REGIONAL MOBILIZATION
$ 2-5 MILLION
COMPLEX
DEEP DEPTH (50-250M)
HIGH VISCOSITY OIL
POOR WRECK CONDITION
OPEN WATER
WEATHER
LONG MOBILIZATION
$5-20 MILLION
COST FACTORS AND COMPLEXITY OF OIL RECOVERY FROM PRINZ EUGEN
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COMPLEXITY COST FACTORS COST RANGE (US $)
SIMPLE
SHALLOW DEPTH (<20M)
LOW VISCOSITY OIL
PROTECTED WATER
LOCAL MOBILIZATION
$ 1-3 MILLION
MODERATE
MODERATE DEPTH (20-50M)
MODERATE OIL VISCOSITY
WEATHER, SEAS, VISIBILITY
REGIONAL MOBILIZATION
$ 2-5 MILLION
COMPLEX
DEEP DEPTH (50-250M)
HIGH VISCOSITY OIL
POOR WRECK CONDITION
OPEN WATER
WEATHER
LONG MOBILIZATION
$5-20 MILLION
Cost Factors and Complexity of Oil Recovery from USS Mississinewa, Ulithi Lagoon, Yap, FSM, 2003
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• November 20, 1944
• 63 U.S. personnel lost
• 3,780,000 gallons of oil on board at sinking
• Sunk in 130 feet
Sinking of the
Mississinewa
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Ulithi Atoll
USS Mississinewa at Ulithi Atoll
Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia
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Resources • Vessels
• USS Salvor (ARS 52) – Navy diving support platform
• Primary support barge & tug
• Additional barge and tug
• Personnel – Salvor, MDSU, EODMU, SUPSALV & contractors
• Equipment - supplied by ESSM (hot taps, pumps, etc.)
• Diving - surface-supplied; recompression chamber;
communications (Salvor, MDSU, & EOD MU 5)
• Pollution response equipment (ESSM)
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Oil Spill Mitigation
• Spill Response Plan
• Containment
• Oil Recovery
• Dispersant Plan
• Wildlife Plan
• Storage & Disposal
V-Boom Skimming System
Dispersant Spray System
Dispersant Package
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Underwater
Operations
Locating Tap Position Installing valve Flange
Drilling through Hull Installing Pump and Hose
Cutting Access Holes
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• Installed 20 Hot Taps & Secured with Caps after Pumping
• Cut Access into Two Tanks for Internal Tank Access (& Secured)
• Removed All Accessible Oil from 21 Tanks, Engine Room, Pump Room, and Previously-Leaking Piping
• Transferred Approximately 1.95 Million Gallons of Oil from Mississinewa to Barge, including approximately 7% Free Water
• Successfully completed ahead of schedule
• Est. less than 5 gallons of Oil Released – No Environmental Impact
• Mississinewa Oil to be Sold in Singapore and Recycled
• Cost of Oil removal: $3-4,000,000
• Ships on Site in Ulithi Lagoon for 26 Days
• Oil tapping, pumping, striping and closure took 21 Days
Operational Summary
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Advances in Hot Tap Technology
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Miko Marine “Moskito” Hot Tap
• 2015 Patent in Norway
• Computer controlled
• Neutral buoyancy
• Electro-Magnetic Clamps
• Automatic cutting
• Automatic valve seating
• 30 Minute operation
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“Moskito” Hole Saw with Valve Flange and Valve as Integral Unit
On ship computer screen controls and monitors valve attachment
Miko Marine Video: https://www.youtube.com/user/mikomarine
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Miko Press Release
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WILL COST OF CLEANUP AND MISSION DISRUPTION EXCEED PE-EMPTIVE OIL REMOVAL COSTS?
http://www.smdc.army.mil/rts.html
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Photo: Ann Cohen
Questions?
[email protected] 808-792-9400
U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service 300 Ala Moana Blvd, RM 3-122
Honolulu, HI 96850