michael j. rovito, ph.d., ches, fmhi kenyatta rivers, phd kathy e. rovito, mph, ches social...
TRANSCRIPT
Michael J. Rovito, Ph.D., CHES, FMHI
Kenyatta Rivers, PhD
Kathy E. Rovito, MPH, CHES
SOCIAL INDICATORS AND YOUNG ADULT AND ADOLESCENT
MALE HEALTH BEHAVIORS:
WHAT’S THE CONNECTION?
A LITTLE BACKGROUND….
My science?
Male health behavioral sciences
Faculty in the Department of Health Professions
Founder and Chairman of Men’s Health Initiative, Inc.
PURPOSE OF THIS DISCUSSION….
To discuss a few things about young adult and adolescent males
(YAAM) that you may not know
To discuss different ways to outreach to this population
To discuss different methods in research
within this population
But first, let’s discuss some general concepts
of male health
Male health community
consolidation
Policy agendas and statement
pieces
Expanding body of
research
•Men’s Health Initiative•Men’s Health Collaborative
•Men’s Health Network
•APHA’s Men’s Health Caucus
•National Policy•Fatherhood Policy
•Epidemiological assessment
•Behavioral interventions
WHAT ARE SOME TRENDING
EFFORTS IN MALE HEALTH?
OVERVIEW OF YAAM PERIOD (AGES ~13-26)Review of the ‘young adult and adolescent male’ period Staging point in life
Influenced by: social indicators, pop culture, peers (subjective norms)
Influenced by: desire for independence (thought and directive control)
Dynamic life: physiologically, socially
This dynamism can influence health behaviors
Significant differences is mortality/morbidity gender and age differences
YAAM’s are 10x more likely to engage in delinquent behaviors as children and 5x maturing into adolescence
~200% increased mortality risk, more prone to injury than YAAF’s
Higher likelihood of risky behaviors (smoking, binge drinking, illicit drug use, social isolation, sexual promiscuity, thrill-seeking) than males 26+
A need presents itself
WHAT ARE SOME SPECIFIC TRENDING TOPICS IN MALE HEALTH?
The BIG C’s:
Prostate cancer
Testicular cancer
Being male:
Masculinity
Gender norms
Risk-taking behaviors:
Suicides/accidents
Homicides/accidents
Receptive male sexual assault
Raising awareness:
IDM
Promotions
Communication-improvement
Well, what about issues related specifically to
YAAM’s?
WHAT ARE SOME SPECIFIC TRENDING TOPICS IN YAAM HEALTH?
Performance-enhancing substancesPressure to excel
Pressure from peers
Ease of access/Ubiquity of it all
(Buckman et al, 2009)
WHAT ARE SOME SPECIFIC TRENDING TOPICS IN YAAM HEALTH?
Main points
1. PES use associated with severe adverse health behaviors more so
than non-PES users
2. Many new forms of PES available (non-prescription meds)
3. The behaviors associated with PES use decreases athletic performance
(Buckman et al, 2009)
WHAT ARE SOME SPECIFIC TRENDING TOPICS IN YAAM HEALTH?
Masculinity and Energy Drink Consumption
Pressure to excel during competition
Pressure from team to compete
Perceived weakness if fatigue is shown
Ease of access/Ubiquity of it all
(Wilmer and Levant, 2013)
WHAT ARE SOME SPECIFIC TRENDING TOPICS IN YAAM HEALTH?
Main points
1. Health risks (p. 318 excerpt)
2. Toxic jocks (p. 319 excerpt)
3. Theory: “Jocks” consume more energy drinks than “athletes”
(Wilmer and Levant, 2013)
WHAT ARE SOME SPECIFIC TRENDING TOPICS IN YAAM HEALTH?
Masculinity and InjuriesPressure to excel (professional
sports)
Pressure from team
Perceived weakness
(Rovito and Alfonso, 2014)
Multiple Comparisons
Tukey Post-hoc Analysis
Dependent
Variable
(I)
Mascul_Categ
ory
(J)
Mascul_Categ
ory
Mean
Differenc
e (I-J)
Std.
Error
Sig. 95% Confidence
Interval
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Conceal
1.00
2.00-1.76505* .5143
2
.003 -2.9922 -.5379
3.00-2.91792* .5016
6
.000 -4.1149 -1.7210
2.00
1.001.76505* .5143
2
.003 .5379 2.9922
3.00-1.15287* .4214
2
.021 -2.1584 -.1474
3.00
1.002.91792* .5016
6
.000 1.7210 4.1149
2.001.15287* .4214
2
.021 .1474 2.1584
Team
1.00
2.00-1.96296* .3667
7
.000 -2.8384 -1.0875
3.00-3.13488* .3535
2
.000 -3.9787 -2.2910
2.00
1.001.96296* .3667
7
.000 1.0875 2.8384
3.00-1.17192* .3022
4
.001 -1.8934 -.4505
3.00
1.003.13488* .3535
2
.000 2.2910 3.9787
2.001.17192* .3022
4
.001 .4505 1.8934
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
High fear of losing spot on team and concealing an injury was also predicted by high masculinity scores
WHAT ARE SOME SPECIFIC TRENDING TOPICS IN YAAM HEALTH?
Multiple Comparisons
Tukey Post-hoc Analysis
Dependent
Variable
(I)
Mascul_Categ
ory
(J)
Mascul_Categ
ory
Mean
Differenc
e (I-J)
Std.
Error
Sig. 95% Confidence
Interval
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Conceal
1.00
2.00-1.76505* .5143
2
.003 -2.9922 -.5379
3.00-2.91792* .5016
6
.000 -4.1149 -1.7210
2.00
1.001.76505* .5143
2
.003 .5379 2.9922
3.00-1.15287* .4214
2
.021 -2.1584 -.1474
3.00
1.002.91792* .5016
6
.000 1.7210 4.1149
2.001.15287* .4214
2
.021 .1474 2.1584
Team
1.00
2.00-1.96296* .3667
7
.000 -2.8384 -1.0875
3.00-3.13488* .3535
2
.000 -3.9787 -2.2910
2.00
1.001.96296* .3667
7
.000 1.0875 2.8384
3.00-1.17192* .3022
4
.001 -1.8934 -.4505
3.00
1.003.13488* .3535
2
.000 2.2910 3.9787
2.001.17192* .3022
4
.001 .4505 1.8934
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Main points
1. Athletes with higher reported perceived masculinity scores will conceal their injuries more often than those with lower reported
scores.
2. Those with higher masculinity scores indicated that they feel a stronger sense of
commitment to their teammates
3. Those with higher masculinity scores indicated that more fearful of an athletic
injury than those having a lower masculinity score.
(Rovito and Alfonso, 2014)
OVERVIEW OF YAAM PERIOD (AGES ~13-26)
Methodological and Topical Gaps Descriptive evidence abounds
But…..
Narrow focus on major health concerns
Sexual activity
Drug use
Violence
Masculinity (but only recently has this seen an upsurge in focus)
TCa ONLY just started receiving any comprehensive focus
ARE WE MISSING ANYTHING?
Perhaps….
….Therefore, we need to “groundtruth” the issues
We need….
….An inductionist perspective; qualitative; ground-up approach
We need to determine….
….What are the salient factors predicting how YAAM make decisions?
YAAMHBIS
Young Adult and Adolescent Males Health Behavior Indicators Scale Phenomenological design
Introspection
Journaling and Focus Group activities
Being a man is harmful to one’s health?
Why would this off-color comment be relevant here?
Sometimes, it may be true….
How does it tie in here?
Privacy….reflection…..breaking the dam
Would you feel comfortable talking about your testicles, sexual activity, or if your father was a good/bad father to other males?
YAAMHBISYoung Adult and Adolescent Males Health Behavior Indicators Scale Phenomenological design
We need to assess at the individual level these individual perceptions, try to assess the “true” variance in perceptions
Only when we get this groundtruth can we begin to start compiling evidence to create codes/topics/general ideas shared across males
Too many times these types of tools, studies, outreach programs, etc. are created from a top-down approach
Issues with validity abound
How do you know if your ideas of what is important to males really is important?
YAAMHBISYoung Adult and Adolescent Males Health Behavior Indicators Scale Phenomenological design
This approach attempts to get at the intentionality of different objects, events, or topics for each individual male
What one male thinks is a violent situation is not the same across all males……
What about ideas of what “man” is, what they think a good family or father looks like, a bad family or bad father, or even risky sexual activity?
IT ALL DIFFERS
What if my green is your blue?
What if my idea of a good family differs from yours?
What if I think competition and violence in society is a positive thing and your negative?
YAAMHBISYoung Adult and Adolescent Males Health Behavior Indicators Scale Purpose
Determine the role of popular social and health indicators in the decision-making process of YAAM behaviors
Sometimes what is reported as an indicator in AYM lives may not actually be a true indicator of total wellness
Comprehensive assessment tool to measure what the true indicators are for AYM
Implications
Getting a truer sense of behavioral predictors and influence
We need to figure out how AYM truly think about these supposed influential topics in their lives….maybe what we think is their blue really is their red?
Improving the lives of YAAM to help foster a true public health contribute to the goals and objectives of HP2020 and ACA
THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME
Contact information:
(407) 823-3888
@RovitoMJ
www.MHInitiative.org