micro-nano technologies related to life support … · micro-nano technologies related to life...
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Micro-Nano technologies related to Life Support Systems
M. SakuraiInnovative Technology Research Center,
Aerospace Research and Development DirectorateJapan Aerospace Exploration Agency
(Mon.) 6 October, 200821th Micro Electronics Work ShopMEWS 21 @Tsukuba
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● Circulated life support systemInternational Space StationManned Mars Mission
Body metabolism
Importance of Circulated Life Support System
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Tsukuba Space Center
Noshiro Test FieldKakuta Space Propulsion Technology Center
Hokkaido multi purpose aero field
Aerospace Technology
Research CenterTanegashima
Rocket Launcher
(CEEF) Closed Ecology Experiment Facilities
ISAS
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4Rice and Siba goats
The scheme of the closed habitation experiment in CEEF
Closed Ecology Experiment Facilities (CEEF)
Closed Ecology Experiment Facilities (CEEF)
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Interval of supply and Recycle rate
As close to 100% recycleInterval of supply increase
dramatically
Demonstration of System is necessary
f:Circulating rater:Reuse rate
D:DisposalS:Supply C:Consum
e Manned System
rfW Circulate
W:First disposalW=C
(1-f)W
fWB:Second disposal
T:Interval of Supply (No recycle)To:Interval of Supply (With recycle)T/To=1/(1-rf)
Supply(S):S=(1-rf)CDisposal(D):D=(1-rf)C
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Manned moon foothold (After 2025)
Moon resource (Mineral, Oxygen) plant
Comunication system
Solar cell
Habitation module
Self contain module
Building robotPressured rover
Space suit
2015 Planning2020 Preparation for building2025 Short stay2030 Long stay
Legoris protection wall
Lander
Science utilization facility
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Accumulation of manned spaceExperience on ISS
Possibility of moon activity
Experience of Space shuttle
Unmanned moon probe
Accumuration of manned spaceAccumuration of manned space((Life support, Energy etc.Life support, Energy etc.))
2005 2010 2015 2020 202520001990
Farer and longer timeMission time
Quantity of transport
Distance from earth
・Decision of possibility of manned moon mission・Decision and accumulation of moon utilization
・Orbit utilization(Science, practical use)
Contribution for Int. Contribution for Int. CorporationCorporation
Individual manned Individual manned missionmission
Development of various optionDevelopment of various option
JapaneseJapaneseStay in spaceStay in space
JAXA Long Term Vision Re; JAXA VisionRe; JAXA Vision
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Technical road map for ECLSS
Technicalgoal
Advanced ground demonstration
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Ground test bedGround test bed
Throwaway
O2
H2OFood
H2OFood Food
Partially close
Air purification
None O2
Air revitalization
Water purification
O2
H2OFood
Air Waterrevitalization
Food(partial)
O2
H2O
None
Air Waterrevitalization
Food(partial)Disposal
Food
Air Waterrevitalization
O2
H2O
Catch up stage Leading stage
ISS Moon base Mars base
Circulated
Supply
Small satellite Shuttle
Technical demonstrationNext Int. Manned Mission
Completely close
JAXA Long Term Vision
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Circulated life support system
Element technologies have been developedModify for space and downsizing
Energy Supply
H2
SEPALSElf-contained PArtially-circulated Life support system
Light/Heat
Water Decom-position Air
Revital-ization
Heat/Power
O2
SEFULSElf-contained FUlly-circulated Life support system
Plant
Animal
Disposal Disposal of wasteof waste
H2O
Waste water, Rubbish
CO2Human
Nutrition
Waste waterRubbish
Food
Recycled water
Light/Heat
CO2 Food Food productionproduction
CO2 Separation & condense
in the atomosphere
1st Sabatier ReactionCO2+4H2→2H2O+CH4
CO2 1100g/day560L/day
O2 800g/day 560L/day
CO2
VaporH2O
Water Electrolysis for MicrogravityH2O → O2+H2
H2
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Manned exploration to MoonManned exploration to Moon
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Out look of Manned Space Development Out look of Manned Space Development NASA New Space Policy - New development of 4 hardware
(length is 1.5 times, capacity is 3 times bigger than Apollo)
•Apollo like corn shape manned spaceship•Bottom diameter is 5.5m•Capacity 6 person
(4 person for manned moon mission)•Rocket engine:Liquid oxygen/ methan•Return on the ground•10 times recycle is available
(1)Capsule type manned spaceship(Orion: (CEV))
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(2)Lunar Surface Access Module : LSAM)
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Out look of Manned Space DevelopmentOut look of Manned Space Development
• 4 person•7 days stay•Descend engine
: Liquid oxygen / Liquid Hydrogen•Ascend engine
: Liquid oxygen / Liquid Hydrogen
NASA New Space Policy - New development of 4 hardware
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Adsorption of carbon dioxideAdsorption of carbon dioxide
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Active carbon Metal complex salt
Adsorption of carbon dioxideAdsorption of carbon dioxide
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Gas analysis by gas chromatography
CO2+H2 → CH4+H2OH2O → H2+O2
CH4
H2 O2
CO2
H2
CO2
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Effect of temperature on reaction rate
Effect of temperature on concentration of gas
Sabatier reaction
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CO2Concentration
in H2
Temperature [℃]
Rea
ctio
n ra
te [
%]
Catalyst for Sabatier Reaction
CO2+4H2→CH4+2H2O
Improvement
low temperature Sabatier reaction leads to down sizing reactor
Image of 100oC → 100% reaction
New catalyst
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Connection sabatier reactor and water electrolysis
a) Sabatier reactor
b) Water Electrolysis
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WATER ELECTROLYSIS CELLS DESIGNED FOR MICROGRABITTY CONDDIIONS
Water electrolysis cellWater electrolysis cell
Experiment ResultThe generation of very fine bubbles
The bubble and liquid separation is Problem
Electrolysis cell
CathodeAnode
Water Tank
New methodDirect vapor electrolysisFit for Sabatier reactionNo need to separation of the bubbles and liquidGiving defining water4 Patents
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Vapor electrolysis
Electrolysis currency and voltage
Horizontal place
Observation of cell (at 106oC)
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Results of air reResults of air re--vitalization and a Planvitalization and a Plan
~2005 2006 2007 2008~
Gas analysisGas analysis CO2 real time CO2 real time analysisanalysis
Water Water electrolysiselectrolysis
CO2 CO2 reductionreduction CO2 CO2
reductionreduction
CO2 CO2 removeremove
Connection Connection CO2 reduction CO2 reduction
water water electrolysiselectrolysis Modify Water Modify Water
electlysyselectlysys
Conn-ect
Conn-ecta) 反応効率の温度依存性
CO2 reductionCO2 reduction
ConnectConnect
Air reAir re--vitalizationvitalization
℃℃℃
℃℃℃
CO2
remoba
l
Experi
ment
CO2
reducti
on
Experi
ment
Water
electroli
sys
Trace
2012~2022~
ISS ISS demodemo
Moon Moon demodemo
TRL increase
4 JAXA 4 JAXA PatentsPatents
Small Small satellite satellite demodemo
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Compact, Energy savingCompact, Energy saving
2008 2010 2015 2025
Nano catalyst
Mis
sion
Com
plex
ity
Strong Smart Structures
Decision for manned space activity
Manned HTV
ISS
Space habitation
Dramaticaly decrease of
reaction temp
Ground Experiment
Compact, Energy savingCompact, Energy saving
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CANEUS Pilot Project2006-P1 Nano-composite Materials: Load Bearing
and Thermal Protection Applications 2006-P2 MNT Based Harsh Environment Sensors 2006-P3 Nano/Pico-Satellites for Civilian and
Defense Applications 2006-P4 Reliability Testing of Micro-Sensors, icro-
Actuators and Micro-Switches 2006-P5 Micro-energetics 2006-P6 Aircraft/Spacecraft Structural Health
Monitoring System 2006-P7 MNT-based Sensors for Astronaut Health
Monitoring and Environmental Control
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2525
Cleaning of spaceship air Cleaning of spaceship air by photo catalystby photo catalyst
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Endoscopic capsuleEndoscopic capsuleThe Third Generation ENose The Sensor Unit is enclosed in the Interface Unit, whichwill be connected to the ISS EXPRESS Rack
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Summary
In order to support future space expolaration, we investigate air revitalization system .Nano-micro technology is useful for carbon dioxide adsorption and trace contamination adsorptionNano-micro technology is useful for down sizing and energy saving for Savatier reactorMNT-based Sensors for Astronaut Health Monitoring and Environmental Control are also promised field for Nano-micro technology