microalgae cultivation in different ph, temperature and media

Microalgae Cultivation in Different temperature, Ph and media

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Dakshayini Jayarama Reddy , Ravi kumar Krishnappa & Girisha Sirangala Thimmappa, Presentation based on Lipid production for Bio-fuel generation related research International Journal of Life Sciences 8 ( 2 ) : 2 0 1 4 ; 1 3 - 1 7Bir Bahadur Thapa( M.Sc. I sem)Central Department of BotanyTribhuwan UniversityNepal

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1. Introduction- What is algae, biofuel and fossil-fuel in very simple concept ?- Why we should focus on biofuel ?- How is that possible ?

2. How researchers carried their research ? &

3. What they concluded from research ?

Introduction: What ? Why ? How ? Algae simple plant like photosynthesizing organisms

# Microalgae (i.e., unicellular) in micrometres.# Macro-algae (i.e., Seaweeds) in inches.

Bio-fuels fuels obtained from living plants!! - are carbon neutrals - renewable

Fossil-fuels from deads of millions years ago!!!

The uni-cellar forms of algae, known as microalgae, have an extraordinary potential for cultivation as energy crops. In fact, algae can produce up to 300 times more oil per acre than conventional crops, such as rapeseed, palms or soybeans, and have a short harvesting cycle one to ten days. They can be grown under conditions unsuitable for conventional crop production, reducing the burden on agricultural land .5

Algae GOOD for Biodiesel Productionlow cost, high growth and high biomass production rates.

Introduction: What ? Why ? How ?

Algae are the best suitable feedstock for biofuel production because of their low cost, high growth and high biomass production rates.6

IntroductionWASTE CO2SALINE WATERNON-FOOD RESOURCEWaste water treatmentPROTEIN & CARBS=40%NON PRODUCTIVE LANDHIGH OIL CONTENT= 60%: What ? Why ? How ?

Much greater productivity than other energy crops---Non-food resource-----Can utilize saline water---Can utilize waste CO2 streamsCan be used in conjunction with waste water treatment---An algal bio-refinery could produce oils, protein, and carbohydrates!!!7

Can be grown on marginal lands useless for ordinary crops High yield per acre have a harvesting cycle of 110 days Can be grown with minimal impact on fresh water resourcesCan be grown using flue gas from power plants as aCO2source Can convert a much higher fraction of biomass to oil than conventional crops, e.g. 60% versus 2-3% for soybean

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: What ? Why ? How ? National Security ???Introduction

National Security Not good to have energy dependence on foreign Countries.

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: What ? Why ? How ? IntroductionFossil fuels & Global Warming !!!

Global Warming Fossil fuels release greenhouse gases ???

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GHG

TEMPERATURE INCREASE

NEGATIVE EFFECTS

There is clear scientific evidence that emissions of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), arising from fossil fuel combustion and land-use change as a result of human activities, are disturbing the Earths climate.

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Introduction

Price, mines and Demand ???: What ? Why ? How ?

The Price of Energy is Going UP -Oil reserves are depleting- World demand for energy is increasing.

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Trans-esterification (biodiesel formation)

BiodieselIntroductionAlgal Oil

Alcohol AlcoholAlcohol

EstersGlycerol

: What ? Why ? How ? TAGs

Algae can be turned into a fuel by transesterification.--Ethanol is reacted with the algal oil, sodium ethanolate as the catalyst.--End product of this reaction are hence BIODIESEL, glycerol, sodium ethanolate!!!14

: What ? Why ? How ? Introduction

Biofuels from land-rich tropical countries may help displace foreign petroleum imports for many industrialized nations, providing a possible solution to the twin challenges of energysecurity and climate change.15

10 gm/L

100 gm/L

1 gm/LMass production, Harvesting & Processing!!

MethodsCollectionIdentificationGrowth studiesBiomass DeterminationOptical densityThin Layer ChromatographyFLOW-CHARTScreeningMicro-algal Culture

To obtain a large amount of biomass component, major requirement is to select the best medium. The selection of the medium depends on the several factors which include the chemical composition of the medium to obtain the maximum growth of microalgae. Hence, the main goal of the present study is to evaluate the effect of different pH, temperature, and media on the growth and lipid content of isolated microalgae.17

Collection

Samples from the pond of BBMP park, Banglore RR NagarJaya NagarBhuvaneshwori Nagar

Materials/Methods I Results & Discussion I Conclusion

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2. Screening of algae isolatesmicroalgae samples were spread on the plates containing standard Blue Green 11 (BG-11) medium Continuous subculture till the pure culture is obtained.Materials/Methods I Results & Discussion I ConclusionIncubated for 10-15 days 16:8 hours light/dark photoperiod.

3. Identification

algae identification field Guide by Huynh and Serediak, 2006Materials/Methods I Results & Discussion I Conclusion

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4. Preparation of Growth media and inoculation

Standard Blue Green-11 media according to Kuhl, 1964Autoclaved at 121, 15 minutes & cooledUsed as an inoculationAnd triplicate experiments


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5. Growth Studies- Qualitatively

Measure Optical density at 540 nm against media as a blank.

The procedure was repeated for 10 days at regular time intervals of 24 hours.


In general, measuring the optical density (OD) is a common method to quantify the concentration of substances (Beer-Lambert law), since the absorbance is proportional to theconcentration of the absorbing species in the sample.22

6. Growth Studies- Quantitatively

Harvested by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 min.

Noted wet biomass in g/L.

Biomass dried in a hot air oven at 50 overnight. Noted dry biomass in g/L.


7. Effects of variables on lipid content - Analytically

Thin layer chromatographybased on a multistage distribution process.Materials/Methods I Results & Discussion I Conclusion

The samples separately transferred to 50 mL falcon tubes--Centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min--The supernatant collected, washed with 1% sodium chloride for 3 times.The layer containing lipids with the solvent was evaporated in a rotary evaporator at 70 C under vacuum.After evaporation the sample was dissolved in two solvents, chloroform & hexane--and subjected to thin layer chromatography.

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DABC

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?OriginSolvent FrontxyRetention factor Value2. Development hexane & chloroform, 9:1 (v/v).3. Visualization iodine chamber

like all chromatographic techniques, based on a multistage distribution process. This process involves: a suitable adsorbent (the stationary phase), solvents or solvent mixtures (the mobile phase or eluent), and the sample molecules.25

Physico-chemical parameters of algal water samples found Highest that of RR nagar pond. Huynh and Serediak, 2006

Chlorella sp.& Chladophora sp.


1. Screening & Identification

Materials/Methods I Results & Discussion I Conclusion2. OPTICAL DENSITY

2. Growth studiesChlorella sp. & Chladospora sp. more growth at 25 C (OD- 0.43 and 0.36). No growth was seen at 30C and 35C (r2= 0.997) 27


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Chlorella sp. highest growth in Beneck's media (OD-2.94), minimum growth in Zarrouk's medium (OD-0.53) . Chladospora sp. maximum growth in Rao's media (OD-0.73), minimum growth in Zarrouk's media (OD-0.22) and optimum growth in Beneck's media (OD -0.29) (r2= 1).

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Materials/Methods I Results & Discussion I Conclusion3. BIOMASS ESTIMATION

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By Nile red staining Chlorella sp. With lipid droplets inside the cell, whereas Chladospora sp. without.

& thus TLC was performed only for lipids from Chlorella.Materials/Methods I Results & Discussion I Conclusion4. THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY

4. THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHYMaterials/Methods I Results & Discussion I ConclusionC-14-16-18 Zarrouks Raos Benecks pH 8 pH 9 pH 10 pH 25

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Hence, the present study reveals the effect of different physical and chemical conditions on the growth of Chlorella and Cladophora spp. Their growth can be improved further and there is a need to search for their low cost cultivation by using waste sources (agriculture and domestic wastes) to provide good sources of biomass to meet the primary requirements of alternative fuel production in future. The farming of algae, or algaculture, has the potential to address several of the worlds most demanding challenges, from rising oil prices and conflicts between the demand for biofuel and food, to the needs of a rapidly growing worldwide population. Biofuels, one of the most promising areas, can replace fossil fuels and help reduce the introduction of new carbon dioxide (CO2).

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SUSTAINABILTYGREEN JOBS AT HOMEOIL INDEPENDENCESTRONGER ECONOMYGREATER ENERGY SECURITYHARMONICAL ENVIRONMENT

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Proff Dr. Sangeeta RajbhandariAssist. Dr. Giri Pd. JoshiTribhuwan University, Nepal

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Thank you!!!

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microalgae cultivation in different ph, temperature and media

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