MICROBIOLOGICAL REVIEWSVOLUME 55 MARCH 1991 * NUMBER 1

WOLFGANG K. JOKLIK, Editor (1995)Duke University Medical Center

Durham, NC

EDITORIAL BOARDR. John Collier (1992) Frederick C. Neidhardt (1991) Eric J. Stanbridge (1991)Franklin M. Harold (1991) CFth*eric L. SNeirdt(1991) James T. Staley (1992)Alan G. Hinnebusch (1992) Caerine . Squres (1 ) 0. C. Yoder (1991)

Barbara H. Iglewski, Chairman, Publications BoardLinda M. Illig, Director, Journals Linda M. Illig, Production Editor

Microbiological Reviews considers for publication both solicited and unsolicited reviews and monographs dealingwith all aspects of microbiology. Manuscripts, proposals, and correspondence regarding editorial matters shouldbe addressed to the Editor, Wolfgang K. Joklik, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, P.O. Box 3020,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.

Microbiological Reviews (ISSN 0146-0749) is published quarterly (March, June, September, and December), onevolume per year, by the American Society for Microbiology. The nonmember subscription prices are $115 (U.S.and Canada) and $125 (foreign; air drop shipping) per year; single copies are $40. The member subscription pricesare $20 (U.S. and Canada) and $32 (foreign; air drop shipping) per year; single issues are $10. Correspondencerelating to subscriptions, reprints, defective copies, availability of back issues, lost or late proofs, and generaleditorial matters should be directed to the ASM Journals Division, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington,DC 20005-4171 (phone: 202 737-3600).

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MICROBIOLOGICAL REVIEWS, Mar. 1991

MICROBIOLOGICAL REVIEWS

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

ScopeMicrobiological Reviews accepts reviews and

monographs dealing with all aspects of microbiologyand other fields of concern to microbiologists, such asimmunology. Authoritative and critical reviews of thecurrent state of knowledge are preferred, althoughhistorical analyses will be accepted if the importanceof the subject justifies this approach. Unevaluatedcompilations of the literature and annotated bibliog-raphies do not fall within the scope ofMicrobiologicalReviews. Manuscripts of lectures delivered at sympo-

sia and round tables are likewise unacceptable; how-ever, their authors are encouraged to discuss with theeditor the possibility of using such material as the basisfor preparation of a review when publication in thisform seems appropriate. Because a distinctive goal ofthe journal is to appeal to the interests of its diversegroup of subscribers, authors are asked to addressthemselves to both specialists and generalists; thisdemands conscious concern for this goal in writing.Monographs should embody the results of unusually

extensive and well-rounded original investigations, theusefulness of which would be diminished by publica-tion as a series of separate papers. Experience sug-

gests that the monograph is particularly appropriatefor the presentation of a definitive study on the biologyof a microbial group.Members of the editorial board welcome sugges-

tions for topics and authors from either prospectiveauthors or others.Authors of solicited manuscripts are required to

submit an annotated topical outline, since it oftenelicits constructive suggestions from editorial consul-tants and prevents duplication with other manuscriptsalready in preparation. In addition, a list of keyreferences showing the author's contributions to thefield as well as other investigators' findings; a one- ortwo-paragraph statement detailing the aim, scope, andrelevance of the review; and a list of the author'srecent publications should be included.

Unsolicited manuscripts will be considered if theyare complete and are accompanied by a copy of theauthor's curriculum vitae and bibliography.

How to Submit ManuscriptsSend manuscripts or outlines directly to Dr. W. K.

Joklik, Department of Microbiology and Immunology,P.O. Box 3020, Duke University Medical Center,Durham, NC 27710.Submit three complete copies of each manuscript,

including figures and tables, either in the originaltypescript or as clear, clean photocopies. Includethree copies of the summary (250 words maximum)that will be included in the issue table of contents. Thename, mailing address, and telephone and fax numbers

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authors guarantee that the manuscript, or one substan-tially the same, was not published previously, is notbeing considered or published elsewhere, and will notbe published elsewhere. All authors of a manuscriptmust have agreed to its submission and are equallyresponsible for its content, including appropriate cita-tions and acknowledgments.

Failure to comply with the above-mentioned policymay result in a 3- to 5-year suspension of publishingprivileges in ASM journals. (For further details, seethe minutes of the March 1984 Publications Boardmeeting, ASM News 50:260-263, 1984.)Primary PublicationThe American Society for Microbiology accepts the

definition of primary publication as defined in How toWrite and Publish a Scientific Paper, third edition, byRobert A. Day, to wit: ". . . (i) the first publication oforiginal research results, (ii) in a form whereby peersof the author can repeat the experiments and test theconclusions, and (iii) in a journal or other sourcedocument [emphasis added] readily available withinthe scientific community."A scientific paper published in a conference report,

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INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

PermissionsIt is the author's responsibility to obtain permission

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Editorial StyleThe editorial style of Microbiological Reviews con-

forms to the CBE Style Manual (5th ed., 1983; Councilof Biology Editors, Inc., 9650 Rockville Pike,Bethesda, Md.), ASM Style Manual for Journals andBooks (American Society for Microbiology, 1991),Robert A. Day's How to Write and Publish a ScientificPaper (3rd ed., 1988, Oryx Press), and ScientificWriting for Graduate Students (Council of BiologyEditors, Inc., 1968), as interpreted and modified by theeditorial board and the ASM Journals Division. Allreviews, whether invited or not, must conform to thestylistic conventions set forth in the Instructions toAuthors. Any deviations from this style must beapproved by the Journals Division.

Include a table of contents showing the major head-ings and subheadings of the text. Consult a recentissue of Microbiological Reviews for format and style.Summarize supporting evidence whenever possible.

When original data are presented, it is essential that

the methods be fully described or that reference bemade to previously published methods.

ReferencesAll listed references must be cited in the text.

Arrange the references in alphabetical order, by firstauthor, and number consecutively. Abbreviate journalnames according to Serial Sources for the BIOSISData Base (BioSciences Information Service, 1990).Cite each listed reference in the text by number.Follow the styles shown in the examples below.

1. Anagnostopoulos, C., and J. Spizizen. 1961. Require-ments for transformation in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacte-riol. 81:741-746.

2. Berry, L. J., R. N. Moore, K. J. Goodrum, and R. E.Couch, Jr. 1977. Cellular requirements for enzyme inhi-bition by endotoxin in mice, p. 321-325. In D. Schles-singer (ed.), Microbiology-1977. American Society forMicrobiology, Washington, D.C.

3. Cox, C. S., B. R. Brown, and J. C. Smith. J. Gen.Genet., in press.*

4. Dhople, A., I. Ortega, and C. Berauer. 1989. Effect ofoxygen on in vitro growth of Mycobacterium leprae,abstr. U-82, p. 168. Abstr. 89th Annu. Meet. Am. Soc.Microbiol. 1989.

5. Finegold, S. M., W. E. Shepherd, and E. H. Spaulding.1977. Cumitech 5, Practical anaerobic bacteriology. Co-ordinating ed., W. E. Shepherd. American Society forMicrobiology, Washington, D.C.

6. Fitzgerald, G., and D. Shaw. In A. E. Waters (ed.),Clinical microbiology, in press. EFH Publishing Co.,Boston.

7. Gustlethwaite, F. P. 1985. Letter. Lancet ii:327.8. Jacoby, J., R. Grimm, J. Bostic, V. Dean, and G. Starke.

Submitted for publication.9. Jensen, C., and D. S. Schumacher. Unpublished data.

10. Jones, A. (Yale University). 1990. Personal communica-tion.

11. Leadbetter, E. R. 1974. Order II. Cytophagales nomennovum, p. 99. In R. E. Buchanan and N. E. Gibbons(ed.), Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology,8th ed. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore.

12. Miller, J. H. 1972. Experiments in molecular genetics, p.352-355. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold SpringHarbor, N.Y.

13. Powers, R. D., W. M. Dotson, Jr., and F. G. Hayden.1982. Program Abstr. 22nd Intersci. Conf. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother., abstr. 448.

14. Sigma Chemical Co. 1989. Sigma manual. Sigma Chem-ical Co., St. Louis, Mo.

15. Smith, J. C. April 1970. U.S. patent 484,363,770.16. Smyth, D. R. 1972. Ph.D. thesis. University of Califor-

nia, Los Angeles.17. Yagupsky, P., and M. A. Menegus. 1989. Intraluminal

colonization as a source of catheter-related infection.Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33:2025. (Letter.)

* Note that an "in press" reference to an ASMpublication should state the control number (e.g.,AEM 576-91) or the name of the publication if it is abook.

. .

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

AbbreviationsGeneral. Abbreviations should be used as an aid to

the reader, rather than as a convenience to the author,and therefore their use should be limited. Abbrevia-tions other than those recommended by the IUPAC-IUB (Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Docu-ments, 1978) should be used only when a case can bemade for necessity, such as in tables and figures.

It is often possible to use pronouns or to paraphrasea long word after its first use (e.g., "the drug," "thesubstrate"). Standard chemical symbols and trivialnames or their symbols (folate, Ala, Leu, etc.) may beused for terms that appear in full in the neighboringtext.

Define each abbreviation and introduce it in paren-theses the first time it is used: e.g., "cultures weregrown in Eagle minimal essential medium (MEM)."Generally, eliminate abbreviations that are not used atleast five times in the text (including tables and figurelegends).

Not requiring introduction. In addition to abbrevia-tions for Systeme International d'Unites (SI) units ofmeasurement, other common units (e.g., bp, kb, andDa), and chemical symbols for the elements, thefollowing should be used without definition in the title,abstract, text, figure legends, and tables: DNA (deoxy-ribonucleic acid); cDNA (complementary DNA);RNA (ribonucleic acid); cRNA (complementaryRNA); RNase (ribonuclease); DNase (deoxyribonu-clease); rRNA (ribosomal RNA); mRNA (messengerRNA); tRNA (transfer RNA); AMP, ADP, ATP,dAMP, ddATP, GTP, etc. (for the respective 5' phos-phates of adenosine and other nucleosides) (add 2'-,3'-, or 5'- when needed for contrast); ATPase, dGT-Pase, etc. (adenosine triphosphatase, deoxyguanosinetriphosphatase, etc.); NAD (nicotinamide adenine di-nucleotide); NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucle-otide, oxidized); NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinu-cleotide, reduced); NADP (nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide phosphate); NADPH (nicotinamide ade-nine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced); NADP+ (nic-otinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, oxidized);poly(A), poly(dT), etc. (polyadenylic acid, polydeoxy-thymidylic acid, etc.); oligo(dT), etc. (oligodeoxythymi-dylic acid, etc.); Pi (orthophosphate); PPi (pyrophos-phate); UV (ultraviolet); PFU (plaque-forming units);CFU (colony-forming units); MIC (minimal inhibitoryconcentration); MBC (minimal bactericidal concentra-tion); Tris [tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane];DEAE (diethylaminoethyl); A260 (absorbance at 260nm); EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid); andAIDS (acquired immunodeficiency [or immune defi-ciency] syndrome). Abbreviations for cell lines (e.g.,HeLa) also need not be defined.The following abbreviations should be used without

definition in tables:

amt (amount) SE (standard error)approx (approximately) SEM (standard error of the

avg (average) mean)concn (concentration) sp act (specific activity)diam (diameter) sp gr (specific gravity)exptl (experimental) temp (temperature)expt (experiment) tr (trace)ht (height) vol (volume)mo (month) vs (versus)mol wt (molecular weight) wk (week)no. (number) wt (weight)prepn (preparation) yr (year)SD (standard deviation)

Reporting Numerical DataStandard metric units are used for reporting length,

weight, and volume. For these units and for molarity,use the prefixes m, j,, n, and p for 10-3, 10-6, 10-9,and 10- 2, respectively. Likewise, use the prefix k for103. Avoid compound prefixes such as m,u or pLR. Usepug/ml or ,ug/g in place of the ambiguous ppm. Units oftemperature are presented as follows: 37°C or 324 K.When fractions are used to express units such as

enzymatic activities, it is preferable to use wholeunits, such as "g" or "min," in the denominatorinstead of fractional or multiple units, such as pug or 10min. For example, "pmol/min" would be preferable to"nmol/10 min," and ",umol/g" would be preferable to"nmol/,ug." It is also preferable that an unambiguousform such as exponential notation be used; for exam-ple, ",umol g-1 min-1" is preferable to ",umol/g/min."

See the CBE Style Manual, 5th ed., for more de-tailed information about reporting numbers. Also con-tained in this source is information on SI units for thereporting of illumination, energy, frequency, pressure,and other physical factors. Always report numericaldata in the applicable SI units.

NomenclatureThe spelling of names should follow the Approved

Lists ofBacterial Names (amended edition) (V. B. D.Skerman, V. McGowan, and P. H. A. Sneath, ed.) andthe Index of the Bacterial and Yeast NomenclaturalChanges Published in the International Journal ofSystematic Bacteriology since the 1980 ApprovedLists ofBacterial Names (1 January 1980 to I January1989) (W. E. C. Moore and L. V. H. Moore, ed.), bothpublished by the American Society for Microbiologyin 1989, and the validation lists and articles publishedin the International Journal of Systematic Bacteriol-ogy since 1 January 1989. If there is reason to use aname that does not have standing in nomenclature, thename should be enclosed in quotation marks and anappropriate statement concerning the nomenclaturalstatus of the name should be made in the text (for anexample, see Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30:547-556, 1980).Names used for viruses should be those approved

by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Vi-ruses (ICTV) and published in the 4th Report of theICTV, Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses(Intervirology 17:23-199, 1982). If desired, synonymsmay be added parenthetically when the name is first

. .

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

mentioned. Approved generic (or group) and familynames may also be used.For enzymes, use the recommended (trivial) name

assigned by the Nomenclature Committee of the In-ternational Union of Biochemistry as described inEnzyme Nomenclature (Academic Press, Inc., 1984).

Genetic nomenclature should essentially follow therecommendations of Demerec et al. (Genetics 54:61-76, 1966) and those giyen in the instructions to authorsof the Journal of Bacteriology and Molecular andCellular Biology (January issues).Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must include data to supportthe writer's argument and may refer only to articlespreviously published in Microbiological Reviews. Theletters may be no more than 500 words long. Sendthem to the editor. If he believes that publication iswarranted, he will solicit a reply from the author of thearticle.

All letters intended for publication must be typeddouble spaced.Notification of AcceptanceWhen the editor has decided that the manuscript is

acceptable for publication, it is sent to the JournalsDivision, where it is checked by the production editor.If the manuscript is completely acceptable accordingto the criteria set forth in these instructions, it isscheduled for the next available issue and an accep-tance letter that indicates the month of publication andapproximate page proof dates is mailed to the author.

Page ProofsThe printer sends page proofs, the copy-edited

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Questions about late proofs and problems in theproofs should be directed to the ASM Journals Divi-sion, telephone (202) 737-3600.

ReprintsThe corresponding author will receive up to 300 free

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iv

1991 APPLICATION FOR FULL MEMBERSHIP IN THEAMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY

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