microbiology primer ysu – weapons of mass destruction
Post on 21-Dec-2015
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Microbiology Primer
YSU – Weapons of Mass Destruction
Historical
• Biogenesis vs. Spontaneous Generation• 19th Century – Golden Age• Germ Theory• Pasteur• Koch• Lister
Classification
• Animalia
• Plantae
• Fungi
• Protista
• Monera
Comparison
• Eucaryotic– Nuclear Membrane– Diploid DNA– Mitosis– Organelles Present– Simple Cell Wall
• Procaryotic– No Nuclear Membrane– Haploid– No Mitosis– Organelles Absent– Complex Cell Membr.
Procaryotic Organism
Bacteria
• 0.5-6 m (human hair is about 90 m)
• Simple Stapylococcus is 1.2 m
• Shape– Coccus– Bacillus– Spirillum– Spirochete
Useful Bacteria
• Acetobacter – vinegar
• Lactobacilli – yogurt, cheese
• Actinomyces – antibiotics
• Others– Industrial alcohols, acids, enzymes, rubber
and plastics
Pathogenic Bacteria
• Grp A Strep• B. pertussis• S. aureus• H. influenza• Kl. pneumoniae• L. pneumophila• M. pneumoniae• Salmonella typhi
• Plague• Cholera• Typhus• Anthrax• Q-Fever• Clostridium• Tularemia• Glanders
Bacteria
• Group Patterns
• Cell Membrane– Gram Positive– Gram Negative
Bacteria
• Endospores
• Significance– Sporulation is important in
Bacillus & Clostridium species.– Botulism disease– B. anthracis
Bacteria Reproduction
• Binary fission• Daughter cells• Population doubles each generation• Phase (important in disease)
– Lag– Exponential– Stationary– Death
Day 1 Day 3 Day 5 Day 7
Similar Organisms
• Rickettsiae– Gram negative– Difficult to stain– Grow in living cells– Treatable with antibiotics– Q-Fever– Rocky Mt. Fever
Viruses
Orthopox vaccinia
Modern antibiotics cannot “kill” viruses. In fact, questions still exist as to whether viruses are actually “alive”.
Viruses
• Submicroscopic• 0.02 - 0.3 m• Either DNA or RNA• Glycoprotein
envelope• Obligate parasite
Rhinovirus 14
Viral Reproduction - RNA
• Replicates in cytoplasm
• Capsid dissolves• RNA acts as
messenger• Cell systems
harnessed for replication
Poliovirus at 350K magnification
Animal Cell
Prions
• BSE – 1986, also classified as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.
• vCJD
These are, in fact, incomplete shreds of protein whose origin are unknown. They can insert themselves into the genetic code of healthy cells.
Other Organisms
• Amoeba
• Flagellates Protozoans (dinoflagellates) – paralytic shellfish poisoning
• Plasmodium (malaria)
Nutritional Patterns
• Saprophytic– Live on dead organic material
• Holozoic– Ingest solid food
• Parasitic– Nutrients at expense of host
• Obligate Parasite– Requires host for specific function
Fungi
• Saprophytic
• Some produce mycotoxins
• Coccidioides imitis
• Histoplasmosis
• Crypotcoccus neoformans
Identification – Why is it difficult to monitor for bioterror
real time?• Culture
• Gram Stain
• Direct Mount
• Enzymatic Identification
• Microscopy – PCM, Bright Light, Fluorescence
• PCR
Biological Toxins
• S – Enterotoxin B
• Botulinum toxin
• Mycotoxin (Tricothecene or T2)