microgrid and energy storage system

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MICROGRID CONAND ENERGY STO

SYSTEMS

ABIN

13112

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OUTLINE

Introduction to Microgrid.

The Need of Microgrids.

Components of Microgrids.

Microgrid Operating Modes.

Need for ESSs in Microgrids.

Energy storage technologies. Advantages & Disadvantages o

On going Microgrid activities.

Future Directions on Microgrid

References.

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INTRODUCTION TO MICROGRID

What is Microgrid?

A group of interconnected loads a

distributed energy resources within clea

defined electrical boundaries that acts as

single controllable entity with respect to t

grid.

Enables local power generation for local load

Comprises of various small power generati

sources that makes it highly flexible a

efficient.3 COLLEGE OF ENG


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INTRODUCTION TO MICROGRID

What is Microgrid?

It is connected to both the local generati

units and the utility grid thus preventi

power outages.

Excess power can be sold to the utility grid

Size of the Microgrid may range fro

housing estate to municipal regions.

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KEY ATTRIBUTES OF MICROGRID

Grouping of interconnected loads and distribu

energy resources

Can operate in island mode or grid-connected

desired

Acts as a single controllable entity to the grid

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THE NEED OF MICROGRID

Microgrid could be the answer to our energy crisis.

Transmission losses gets highly reduced.

Microgrid results in substantial savings and cuts

emissions without major changes to lifestyles.

Provide high quality and reliable energy supply to

critical loads

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COMPONENTS OF MICROGRID

Distributed GenerationLoads

Energy storage systems

Static disconnect switch

Controller

Mode switching device

Point of Common Coupling

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HybridAC/DC

Microgr ids

Main

Util ity Grid

PCC

Household appl iances and elec

DC Coupled S

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THE NEED OF MICROGRID

Microgrid could be the answer to our energy crisis.

Transmission losses gets highly reduced.

Microgrid results in substantial savings and cuts

emissions without major changes to lifestyles.

Provide high quality and reliable energy supply to

critical loads

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MICROGRID OPERATING MODES

Grid Connected Mode:

Utility grid is active.

Static switch is closed

All the feeders are being

supplied by utility grid.

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Main

Utili ty Grid

PCC

Household appl iances and

elect ronics

DC Coupled

Subsystem

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MICROGRID OPERATING MODES

Island Mode: Utility grid is not supplying power

Static switch is open.

Feeder A, B, C are being supplied

by Microsources.

Feeder D (not sensitive )

is dead.

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Household appl iances and

elect ronics

DC Coupled

Subsystem

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COLLEGE


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NEEDS OF ESS IN MICROGRIDS

Crucial element in the integration of DG inMicrogrid.

Critical role in stabilising the voltage a

frequency.

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ENERGY STORAGE IN MICROGRID

High Performance:

Avoid costly downtime and battery replacements

Very high cycle life

Extremely abuse tolerant

Ability to stand at partial state of charge

High efficiency

Self-balancing

Wide operating temperature range

Minimal degradation COLLEGE OF ENG


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Safe:

Inherently safe chemistry

Not flammable, explosive, or corrosive

No dangerous or toxic components

Sustainable: Simple, abundant, nontoxic materials

Environmentally benign materials

No corrosive acids or noxious fumes

Suitable for deployment globally

Excellent Economics:

Industry-leading total cost of ownership Low acquisition costs ($/kWh)

Better value than lead acid or lithium ion

No regular maintenance

No thermal management

No active management required17 COLLEGE OF ENG


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ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

ESS include electrochemical battery, super capaccompressed air energy storage, super conducting en

storage, flywheel energy storage etc. .

Lithium ion is commonly used because best energy to we

ratio and slow loss of charge when not in use.

ESS store energy at the time of surplus and redispatc

when needed.

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ESS plays an important role in microgrid. Sizing of ESS to be considered first when considering ES

Microgrid.

ESS increase the reliability of power system.

The cost of ESS includes one time ESS cost and the ann

maintenance cost.

The battery storage system made up of small battery bloc

ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

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ESS IN ISLANDED MICROGRID

Sizing of a suitable battery bank in terms of power energy help in shaving the peak demand.

Stores excess renewable energy and supply load w

renewable energy is low.

When ESS discharges its energy to power grid, its genera

positive real power

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ESS IN GRID CONNECTED MICROGRID

The upstream grid can be treated as bidirectional generwhich generate positive power when power is transfe

from the MG and generate negative power when the po

transferred from the Microgrid to upstream grid.

The output of bidirectional generator is limited by

capacity of transmission line between the Microgrid upstream grid.

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ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES

Ultracapacitors. Superconducting magnetic ESS.

Compressed air.

Pumped hydro.

Fuel cells.

Fly wheels.

Batteries.

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TYPES OF BATTERIES

Nickel Cadmium.

Lead Acid.

Li-ion.

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ON GOING MICROGRID ACTIVITIES

CERTS

*Demonstrated in Santa Rita jail, in California

*Main objective-

Reduce Microgrid system costIncrease reliability

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Fort Sill

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SPIDERS program

Illinois Institute of Technologies perfect power syst

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CONVENTIONAL GRID VS. MICROGRID

Efficiency of conventional grid is very low as com

to Microgrid.

Large amount of energy in the form of heat is w

in conventional grid.Power sources in case of Microgrid (often refer

as Microsources) are small and are located in

proximity to load.

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ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

Microgrid Advantages

A major advantage of a Microgrid, is its ability,

during a utility grid disturbance, to separate and

isolate itself from the utility seamlessly with little

or no disruption to the loads within the Microgrid.

In peak load periods it prevents utility grid failure

by reducing the load on the grid.

Significant environmental benefits made possible

by the use of low or zero emission generators.28 COLLEGE OF ENG


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Microgrid Advantages

The use of both electricity and heat permitted by

the close proximity of the generator to the user,

thereby increasing the overall energy efficiency.

Microgrid can act to mitigate the electricity costs

to its users by generating some or all of its

electricity needs.

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Microgrid Disadvantages

Voltage, frequency and power quality are three

main parameters that must be considered and

controlled to acceptable standards whilst the

power and energy balance is maintained.

Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery

banks thus requiring more space and

maintenance.

Resynchronization with the utility grid is difficult.30 COLLEGE OF ENG


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Microgrid Disadvantages

Microgrid protection is one of the most important

challenges facing the implementation of

Microgrids.

Issues such as standby charges and net metering

may pose obstacles for Microgrid.

Interconnection standards needs to be developed

to ensure consistency. IEEE P1547, a standard

proposed by Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers may end up filling the void.31 COLLEGE OF ENG


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FUTURE DIRECTIONS ON MICROGRID

RESEARCH

To investigate full-scale development, field demon

experimental performance evaluation of frequency and voltag

methods under various operation modes.

Transition between grid connected and islanded modes on in

phenomena between distribution generation and high penet

distributed generation.

Transformation of Microgrid system today into the intelligen

energy delivery system in the future by providing significant

and security benefits.

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FUTURE SCOPE

In the near future when cost of Microgrid system will be afthen Microgrids will become more popular and conventional

be replaced by Micro grid.

Research are going such as to increase stability and reliabili

Microgrid for effecttive working.

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CONCLUSION

Micro-Grid gives impetus to the

use of Renewable sources ofenergy.

Reliability is achieved due to

decentralization of supply.

In an event of Power Grid

failure Micro-Grid is one of the

best alternatives.

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REFERENCES

[1] H. Rongxian , L. Zhiwen , C. Yaoming , W. Fu and R. Guoguang "DC

simulation test platform", Proc. 9thTaiwan Power Electron. Conf., pp.12010

[2] S. Morozumi "Micro-grid demonstration projects in Japan", Proc. IE

Convers. Conf., pp.635 -642 Apr. 2007

[3] YUAN Vue, LI Zhenjie, FENG Yu. "Development Purposes, Orient

prospects of microgrid in China". Automation of Electric Power Sy

Chinese), voU, pp.59-64., Apr. 2010.

[4] LU Zongxiang, WANG Caixia, MIN Y ong. "Overview on microgrid

Automation of Electric Power Systemsvo1.l9, pp.lOO-l06, Apr. 2007.

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For other reference papers inthis topic and if you have any

doubts contact me

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[email protected]


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Another version of this presentation with video is uploaded on the following link

http://www.slideshare.net/abin2892/microgrid-and-energy-storage-system-complete

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