microprocessor based traffic

8/3/2019 Microprocessor Based Traffic

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MICROPROCESSOR BASED TRAFFICCONTOL SYSTEM

NAME:-SHRIYA MANDAL(08108016008)SHREEPARNA SARKAR(08108016025)PIYA ASH(08108016025)DIPTIKANA MAHATO(08108016076)

SEM:- 7 TH YEAR:-4 TH


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INTRODUCTION

Traffic-signal control systems coordinate individual trafficsignals to achieve network-wide traffic operationsobjectives. These systems consist of intersection trafficsignals, a communications network to tie them together, anda central computer or network of computers to manage thesystem. Coordination can be implemented through anumber of techniques including time-base and hardwiredinterconnectionmethods. Coordination of traffic signalsacross agencies requires the development of data sharingand traffic signal control agreements.


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AIM OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this project is to design a Traffic lightcontroller using 8085 microprocessor.

The 8085 Microprocessor is a popular Microprocessor used

in Industries for various applications. Such as traffic lightcontrol, temperature control, stepper motor control, etc. Inthis project, the traffic lights are interfaced to Microprocessorsystem through buffer and ports of programmable peripheralInterface 8255. So the traffic lights can be automaticallyswitched ON/OFF in desired sequence. The Interface boardhas been designed to work with parallel port ofMicroprocessor system


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COMPONENTS USED

Microprocessor kit(8085)8255 peripheral device16 LED Lights

16 1k ResistorsTwo 74LS245 ICsTwo capacitors (10^-4uF)+12Volt power supply


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MICROPROCESSOR

A silicon chip thatcontains a CPU. In theworld of personalcomputers, the termsmicroprocessor and

CPU are usedinterchangeably. A microprocessor(sometimesabbreviated P ) is adigital electroniccomponent withminiaturized transistorson a singlesemiconductorintegrated circuit (IC).


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SALIENT FEATURES OF MICROPROCESSOR

It is a 8 bit microprocessor.It is manufactured with N-MOStechnology .It has 16-bit address bus and

hence can address up to 216 =65536 bytes (64KB) memorylocations through A0-A15.The first 8 lines of address bus

and 8 lines of data bus aremultiplexed AD0 AD7.Data bus is a group of 8 lines

D0 D7.It supports external interrupt

request.A 16 bit program counter (PC)A 16 bit stack pointer (SP)Six 8-bit general purpose

register arranged in pairs: BC,DE, HL.It requires a signal +5V power

supply and operates at 3.2 MHZsingle phase clock.It is enclosed with 40 pins DIP

(Dual in line package).


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8255 PERIPHERAL DEVICE

8255:The Intel 8255A is a generalpurpose programmable I/O devicewhich is designed for use with all Inteland most other microprocessors. Itprovides 24 I/O pins which may beindividually programmed in 2 groupsof 12 and used in 3 major modes of

operation.In MODE 0, each group of 12 I/O pinsmay be programmed in sets of 4 and 8to be inputs or outputs. In MODE 1,each group may be programmed tohave 8 lines of input or output. 3 of the remaining 4 pins are used forhandshaking and interrupt controlsignals. MODE 2 is a strobed bi-directional bus configuration.

PIN CONFIGURATION


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BLOCK DIAGRAM


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Two control groups, labeled group A control and group B control define how the threeI/O ports operate. There are several different operating modes for the 8255 and thesemodes must be defined by the CPU writing programming or control words to the device8255.The line group of port C consists of two 4 bit ports. One of the 4 bit group is associatedwith group A control and the other 4 bit group with group B control device signals. Theupper 4 bits of port C are associated with group A control while the lower 4 bits areassociated with group B control.

The final logic blocks are read/write control logic and data bus buffer. These blocksprovide the electrical interface between the Z80 and the 8255.The data bus buffer buffers the data I/O lines to/from the Z80 data bus. The read/writecontrol logic routes the data to and from the correct internal registers with the righttiming. The internal path being enabled depends on the type of operation performed bythe Z80. The type of operation can be I/O read or I/O write. Control Word Register Before going to discuss the detailed description about the usage of the 8255 in the MZ-700, you should see the bit definitions of the 8255 control word register (port $E003 of the MZ-700).If bit 7 of the control word is a logical 1 then the 8255 will be configured.


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LED

Ultra bright luminous outputWide viewing angleLong life-solid state reliability.I.C.compatible/Low powerconsumption.

Pb free & Hg free


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RESISTORSRESISTORS WITH FOURCOLOURED BANDS:

For traditional resistors thereare usually FOUR colouredbands. The first two colouredbands will show the first twodigits, the third band providesthe multipier by which the firsttwo digits must be multiplied(i.e number of zeros); togetherthis gives the value of theresistor (the resistance) inOhms. The fourth colouredband indicates the tolerance ofthe resistor, that is how closethe actual resistance may be tothe value indicated. A 1k Ohm(1000 Ohm) resistor with a 20%tolerance could have a valueanywhere between 800 and1200 Ohms.


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74LS245 IC

3-State Outputs DriveBus Lines DirectlyPNP Inputs Reduce dc

Loading on Bus LinesHysteresis at Bus

Inputs Improves NoiseMarginsTypical PropagationDelay Times Port toPort, 8 ns.


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CAPACITORS

Operating Temperature Range: -25oC to 85oCCapacitance: Within tolerance at 1 MHZ and25oCCapacitance Tolerance: 0.5 to10pf: 0.25pf,above 10pf, 5%, 10% aboveRated voltage: 50, 100, VDCTest Voltage: 3 times rated voltage for 1.5secInsulation Resistance: 10, 000Mmin at WVDC.

60sec The capacitors marked with three digits are

similar to resistors in that the first two digits needto be multiplied by the third digit in order toobtain the value in PICOFARADS (pF) as above.The letter is present to indicate the tolerance ofthe component. So 100 would be 10pFmultiplied by zero i.e. 10pF. 103 is 10pFmultiplied by 1000 ie 10,000pF or to put isanother way 0.01 microfarads. 471K would bea 470pF capacitor with a 10% tolerance.


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PROJECT IN DETAILS

Designing a microprocessor system to control trafficlights is discussed in this post. The traffic lightarrangement is as shown in the figure. The traffic shouldbe controlled in the following manner.

Give transition period of 5 seconds (yellow LEDs ON)Allow traffic from N to S ,N to E,N to W for 20seconds.Give transition period of 5 seconds (yellowLEDs ON).Allow traffic from E to W,N,S for 20 secs.Givetransition period of 5secs(yellow LEDs on).Allow trafficfrom S to W,N,E for 20 secs.Give trasition period of5secs.Allow traffic from W to E,N,S for 20 secs.Repeatthe process.


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HARDWARE NEEDED FOR TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL

The figure shows theinterfacing diagramto control 16electric bulbs. PortA is used to controlthe traffic of eastand west. Port C isused to control thetraffic of north andsouth.


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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM


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TABLE


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I/O MAP:-


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FOR PORT A O/P


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FOR PORT C O/P

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