micropropagation of orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Micropropagation of Orchids
Assist. Prof. Melekşen Akın
![Page 2: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Over 800 genera
and
25 000 species
orchidcarelady.com
![Page 3: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Long lasting
flowers
incredible range of
diversity in size,
shape and color
![Page 4: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
As ornamentals,
herbal medicines
and food
(Arditti, 1992).
marionkay.com
![Page 5: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
More than just a hobby,
an international business covering
around 8% of the world floriculture
trade.
fineartamerica.com
![Page 6: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Orchids are
marketed both as
cut flowers and
potted plants.
scheurich-shop.com
www.ftd.com
![Page 7: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Largest exporters
Taiwan,
Thailand, UK,
Italy, Japan, New
Zealand and
Brazil.
Largest importer
United States.
ftd.com
![Page 8: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Tissue culture
techniques has helped
orchids occupy a
position as one of the
top ten cut flowers.
twistedstemfloral.com
![Page 9: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Advantages of clonal propagation
• Seeds leads to the production of heterozygous plants.
• More than two years to reach the flowering stage.
• Plantlets identical to their parents.
• Uniform blossoms during predictable periods to meet
market demands.
![Page 10: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Micropropagation
“… the art and science
of multiplying plants in
vitro.”
lotushaus.typepad.com
![Page 11: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Explants
• Shoot tip
• Leaf segment
• Flower bud
• Rhizome segment
• Root segment
english.scib.cas.cn
![Page 12: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Micropropagation pathway
1) Explant
2) Protocorm like bodies (PLB’s)
3) Proliferation of PLB’s
4) Plantlets with well developed
shoots
![Page 14: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Basal media
• KC medium (1946)
• VW medium (1949)
• MS medium (1962)
• N69 medium (1969)
• MPR medium (1976)
![Page 15: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Plant growth regulators and
adjuncts
• BAP: 6-Benzyl Amino Purine
• NAA: 1-Naphthalene Acetic Acid
• IAA: Indole Acetic Acid
• IBA: Indole Butyric Acid
• CW: Coconut Water
• AC: Activated Charcoal
![Page 16: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Shoot tip culture
First detailed protocol for in
vitro production
of Cymbidium orchid using
meristem culture (Wimber 1963).
![Page 17: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
MS + 1 mg/l BAP + 150 mg/l CW
for
Vanilla orchid
en.wikipedia.org
![Page 18: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
From a single explant
100,000 plants in about 15 subcultures.
![Page 19: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Not appropriate for
the monopodial
orchids.
Leads to the growth
arrest of mother
plant.
orchidweb.com
![Page 20: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Better for
sympodial
orchids like
Dendrobium and
Cymbidium.
![Page 21: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Leaf segment
culture
First well-documented
report on production of
PLBs
from Cymbidium leaves
(Wimber, 1965).
![Page 22: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
6 month old plant
PLB’s Leaf explant
![Page 23: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• MPR +66.6 µM BAP + 28.5 µM IAA (Vanda
spathulata)
• ½ MS + 0.3-3 mg/l TDZ (Oncidium)
![Page 24: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• medium nutrient composition
• plant growth regulators
• source of the leaf (in vitro/in vivo)
• part of the leaf taken
• the age of the leaf
save-on-crafts.com
![Page 25: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• Mass scale cultivation of commercially important
orchid species is restricted because of the time
and costs involved in standardizing the
mentioned factors.
![Page 26: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Effective donor organs
for micropropagating
orchids
Inflorescence axis and flower bud culture
![Page 27: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Mass propagation of the
monopodial
orchid Phalaenopsis
zgallerie.com
![Page 28: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Media composition
• MS +0.5 mg/l NAA + 1 mg/l TDZ
• MS + 4.52µM 2.4-D +2.22 µM BAP
• MPR + 2 mg/l BAP
• VW liquid media + 20% coconut water
• • •
![Page 29: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Problems
Exudation of phenolics
Remedy:
Activated charcoal,
ascorbic acid
(Arditti and Ernst, 1993)
![Page 30: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• Low survival rate at transplantation
![Page 31: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Remedy:
•Acclimatization (gradually decrease humidity)
• Applying ABA (decrease transpiration)
• Increasing CO2 concentration (Hazarika, 2003)
![Page 32: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Somaclonal variation:
• plant growth regulators
• long periods of culture
sites.psu.edu
![Page 33: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
• Decreasing concentration of plant growth
regulators
• Using shoot tips
flora.coa.gov.
![Page 34: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Conclusion
• Produces high quality plant materials.
• Explant propagated and not seed propagated.
• Cost efficient protocols for mass propagation.
![Page 35: Micropropagation of Orchids · 2019. 1. 11. · an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade. fineartamerica.com . Orchids are ... Vanilla orchid en](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d96b01c85f33ea654e477/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
References
Arditti, J., 1992. Fundamentals of Orchids Biology. John Waley & Sons, New York.
Arditti, J., Ernst, R., 1993. Micropropagation of Orchids. John Waley & Sons, New
York.
Chugh, S., Guha, S., Usha Rao, I. 2009. Micropropagation of Orchids: A review on the
potential of different explants. Sci. Hortic. 122. 507-520.
Hazarika, B.N., 2003. Acclimatization of tissue cultured plants. Curr. Sci. 85, 1704-
1712.
Prakash, L., Lee, C.L., Loh, C.S., Goh, C.J., 1996. In vitro propagation of commercial
orchids: an assesment of current metodologies and development of a novel
approach-thin cross section culture. In:Islam, A.S. (Ed.), Plant Tissue Cult. Oxford
Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Wimber., D.E., 1965. Additional observations on clonal multiplication of cymbidiums
through culture of shoot meristems. Cymbidium Soc. News 20, 7-10.