Report On Fiber Identification

By Sarmad Khan

TS-1A

Text-176

TO,

Sir Imran Raza Malik

Date: 25 th of March 2015

COTTON:

Microscopic View:-Longitudinal Structure & Cross Sectional Structure:-

Ribbon Like Kidney Shaped

Burn Test:-Ignites on contact with flames; burns quickly and leaves a yellowishto orange afterglow when put out. Does not melt. It has the odor of burningpaper, leaves, or wood. The residue is a fine, feathery, gray ash.

Solubility Test:-Soluble Insoluble

1)70% H2So4 (20 Mins) 1)80% formic acid 2)Cuprammonium 2)Xylene BoilingHydro oxide 3)Chlorine Bleach %5

4)Acetone 100%5)HCl 20%

Silk:

Microscopic View:-Longitudinal Structure & Cross Sectional Structure:-

Burn Test:-Burns slowly, but does not melt. It shrinks from the flame. It has theodour of charred meat (some say like burned hair). The residue is a black,hollow irregular bead that can be easily to a gritty, grayish-black ash powder.It is self-extinguishing, i.e., it burns itself out.

Solubility Test:-Soluble Insoluble

1)Chlorine Bleach %5 1) Acetone 100%2)70% & 60% H2So4 2)Xylene Boiling3) HCl 20% 3)meta cresol 4) Cuprammonium

hydroxide5)Molar Sodium Hypochloride

Wool:

Microscopic View:-Longitudinal Structure & Cross Sectional Structure:-

Burn Test:-Burns with an orange sputtery color, butdoes not melt. It shrinks from the flame. It has a strong odor of burning hairor feathers. The residue is a black, hollow irregular bead that can be easilycrushed into a gritty black powder. It is self-extinguishing, i.e., it burns itself out.

Solubility Test:-Soluble Insoluble

1)Chlorine Bleach %5 1) Acetone 100% 2) Cold Meta cresol

2) Boiling NaOH 5% 3) 80% Formic acid3)Molar Sodium 4) Acetone 100%Hypochloride 5) HCl 20%

Linen:

Microscopic View:-Longitudinal Structure & Cross Sectional Structure:-

Burn Test:-Linen takes longer to ignite. The fabric closest to the ash is very brittle. Linen is easily extinguished by blowing on it as you would a candle.

Solubility Test:-Soluble Insoluble

1)70% H2So4 1)Chlorine Bleach %5

2)Acetone 100%

3)Formic Acid 90%

4)HCl 20%

Rayon:

Microscopic View:-Longitudinal Structure & Cross Sectional Structure:-

Burn Test:-It is a regenerated cellulose fiber which is almost pure cellulose. Rayon burns rapidly and leaves only a slight ash. The burning smell is close to burning leaves

Solubility Test:-

Soluble Insoluble

1)70% n 60% H2So4 1)Chlorine Bleach %5

2)Acetone 100%

3)Formic Acid 90%

4)HCl 20%

Polyester:

Microscopic View:-Longitudinal Structure & Cross Sectional

Structure:-

Burn Test:-Polyester melts and burns at the same time, the melting, burning ash can bond quickly to any surface it drips on including skin. The smoke from polyester is black with a sweetish smell. The extinguished ash is hard.

Solubility Test:-Soluble Insoluble

1) M-Cresol 1)Chlorine Bleach %5

2)Acetone 100%

3)Formic Acid 90%

4)HCl 20%

5)H2So4 60% n 70%

Nylon:

Microscopic View:-Longitudinal Structure & Cross Sectional Structure:-

Burn Test:-Nylon melts and then burns rapidly if the flame remains on the melted fiber. If i can keep the flame on the melting nylon, it smells like burning plastic.

Solubility Test:-Soluble Insoluble

1)HCl 20% 1)Chlorine Bleach %5

2)H2So4 60% n 70% 2)Acetone 100%

3)Formic Acid 90%

Acrylic:

Microscopic View:-Longitudinal Structure & Cross Sectional Structure:-

Burn Test:-Acrylics burn readily due to the fiber content and the lofty, air filled pockets. A match dropped on an acrylic blanket can ignite the fabric which will burn rapidly unless extinguished. The ash is hard. The smell is acrid or harsh

Solubility Test:-Soluble Insoluble

1) dimethyl formamide 1)Chlorine Bleach %5

2)Acetone 100%

3)Formic Acid 90%

4)HCl 20%

Acetate:

Microscopic View:-Longitudinal Structure & Cross Sectional Structure:-

Burn Test:-Acetate burns readily with a flickering flame that cannot be easily extinguished. The burning cellulose drips and

leaves a hard ash. The smell is similar to burning wood

chips.

Solubility Test:-Soluble Insoluble

1)Acetone 100% 1)HCl 20%

2)Formic Acid 90% 2)Chlorine Bleach %5

3)H2SO 70% n 60%

Acetic acid:At 20 °C, glacial (100%) acetic acid dissolves acetates.

At 100 °C, glacial acetic acid dissolves acetates and triacetates. Nylon dissolves, but very slowly.

Acetone:At 20 °C, acetone dissolves acetates, triacetates, modacrylics, and vinyons.

Hydrochloric acid:At 20 °C, concentrated (12 M) hydrochloric acid dissolves acetates, triacetates, saponified cellulose acetate (Fortisan), nylon, and silk. Rayons dissolve slowly. Less concentrated (6 M) hydrochloric acid dissolves nylon, but not the other fibers listed.

Sodium hydroxide:At 100 °C, a 5% solution of sodium hydroxide dissolves nytrils, wool and other animal hair, and cultivated silk. Acetates, triacetates, wild (Tussah) silk, and reconstituted protein fibers dissolve only partially and very slowly.

At 100 °C, a 50% solution of sodium hydroxide dissolves all of the above fibers readily, and slowly (30 to 60 minutes) dissolves polyesters. Acrylics dissolve partially and very slowly. Modacrylics and sarans (Enjay, Saran) melt but do not dissolve.

Sulfuric acid:At 20 °C, 60% sulfuric acid dissolves acetates, triacetates, rayons (cuprammonium and viscose), silk, and nylon, but not cotton, linen, or other cellulosic plant fibers. At 20 °C, 70% sulfuric acid dissolves all of the above fibers. The 70% acid can be used to discriminate reconstituted cellulose fibers from cotton and other natural cellulose fibers.

Zinc chloride:At 45 °C, 75% zinc chloride solution dissolves acetates, triacetates, acrylics, silk, cotton that has not been mercerized, and rayons (cuprammonium and viscose).

In this lab session, we’ll attempt to dissolve fiber specimens in various solvents and record our observations.