microsoft office 2003- illustrated introductory, second edition understanding essential computer...

Microsoft Office 2003- Illustrated Introductory, Microsoft Office 2003- Illustrated Introductory, Second EditionSecond Edition

Understanding Essential Understanding Essential Computer ConceptsComputer Concepts

2Understanding Essential Computer Concepts

Defining computersDefining computers Investigating types of computersInvestigating types of computers Examining input devicesExamining input devices Examining output devicesExamining output devices Investigating data processingInvestigating data processing Understanding memoryUnderstanding memory

ObjectivesObjectives


Understanding magnetic storage Understanding magnetic storage devices and mediadevices and media

Understanding optical and flash Understanding optical and flash storage devices and mediastorage devices and media

Exploring data communicationsExploring data communications Learning about networksLearning about networks Understanding system softwareUnderstanding system software Understanding application softwareUnderstanding application software

ObjectivesObjectives


Defining ComputersDefining Computers

A A computercomputer is an electronic device is an electronic device that:that:

Accepts inputAccepts input Processes dataProcesses data Stores dataStores data Produces outputProduces output



A A computer systemcomputer system is made up of: is made up of:

HardwareHardware—the physical components—the physical components SoftwareSoftware—the programs or lists of —the programs or lists of

instructionsinstructions



Architecture or configuration is the design Architecture or configuration is the design of the computer.of the computer.– As in, what does the computer consist of?As in, what does the computer consist of?

Specification is the technical detail about Specification is the technical detail about each component.each component.– As in, how big is the monitor?As in, how big is the monitor?


How a Computer WorksHow a Computer Works

The hardware, software, and you work together toThe hardware, software, and you work together to

complete tasks.complete tasks.


How a Computer WorksHow a Computer Works

The data you type into the computer is called The data you type into the computer is called inputinput..

The result of the computer processing your The result of the computer processing your input is called input is called outputoutput..


Investigating Types of ComputersInvestigating Types of Computers

The categories of computers are:The categories of computers are: Personal or microcomputersPersonal or microcomputers

– DesktopDesktop– Notebook, Laptop, Table PCNotebook, Laptop, Table PC

Hand-help or PDAsHand-help or PDAs MainframesMainframes SupercomputersSupercomputers


Types of ComputersTypes of Computers

PersonalPersonal computerscomputers are used for general computing tasks. are used for general computing tasks.

Hand-heldHand-held computerscomputers fit in the palm of your hand and run fit in the palm of your hand and run

on batteries.on batteries.

MainframesMainframes are used by companies to provide centralized are used by companies to provide centralized

storage, processing, and management for large amounts of storage, processing, and management for large amounts of

data.data.

SupercomputersSupercomputers are the largest and fastest of computers, are the largest and fastest of computers,

and can process an enormous volume of data.and can process an enormous volume of data.


Types of ComputersTypes of Computers

Supercomputers are the largest and fastest of Supercomputers are the largest and fastest of computers, and can process an enormous computers, and can process an enormous volume of data.volume of data.


Examining Input DevicesExamining Input Devices

Some input devices are:Some input devices are:

KeyboardKeyboard MouseMouse TrackballTrackball Track pointTrack point Touch padTouch pad Wireless pointerWireless pointer

Cordless mouse


Examining Output DevicesExamining Output Devices

Output devicesOutput devices

MonitorsMonitors and and printersprinters are common output are common output devices.devices.

CRT monitorsCRT monitors and and LCDLCD (or flat panel (or flat panel display) display) monitorsmonitors are two types of monitors. are two types of monitors.


Computer HardwareComputer Hardware

Factors that influence Factors that influence

a monitor’s quality are:a monitor’s quality are:

Screen SizeScreen Size ResolutionResolution Dot PitchDot Pitch


Types of printersTypes of printers

LaserLaser Dot MatrixDot Matrix Ink-JetInk-Jet

Ink-Jet printer


Computer HardwareComputer Hardware

MultimediaMultimedia devices are peripheral devices devices are peripheral devices that include text, graphics, sound, animation, that include text, graphics, sound, animation, and video.and video.

Speakers and sound cards are common Speakers and sound cards are common multimedia output devicesmultimedia output devices


Investigating Data ProcessingInvestigating Data Processing

Computers interpret every signal as “on” or Computers interpret every signal as “on” or “off.”“off.”

1 (“on”) and 0 (“off”) are referred to as bits.1 (“on”) and 0 (“off”) are referred to as bits.

Eight bits is a byte. Each byte represents a Eight bits is a byte. Each byte represents a unique character.unique character.


Data RepresentationData Representation

Storage and memory capacity is the amount Storage and memory capacity is the amount of data the storage device can handle.of data the storage device can handle.

– Kilobyte (KB) is about one thousand bytesKilobyte (KB) is about one thousand bytes

– Megabyte (MB) is about one million bytesMegabyte (MB) is about one million bytes

– Gigabyte (GB) is about one billion bytesGigabyte (GB) is about one billion bytes


Processing HardwareProcessing Hardware

The two most important components of The two most important components of personal computers hardware are the personal computers hardware are the microprocessor and memory.microprocessor and memory.

These two factors directly affect the These two factors directly affect the computer’s price and performance.computer’s price and performance.


The MicroprocessorThe Microprocessor

The The microprocessormicroprocessor is a silicon chip is a silicon chip designed to manipulate data.designed to manipulate data.

Its speed is determined by:Its speed is determined by:– Clock speedClock speed

– Word sizeWord size

– Cache sizeCache size


Understanding MemoryUnderstanding Memory

Computer Computer memorymemory is a set of storage is a set of storage locations on the motherboard.locations on the motherboard.

There are four types of memory:There are four types of memory:– Random access memory (RAM)Random access memory (RAM)– Virtual memoryVirtual memory– Read-only memoryRead-only memory– Complementary metal oxide semiconductor Complementary metal oxide semiconductor

memory (CMOS)memory (CMOS)



RAMRAM is temporary memory that is constantly is temporary memory that is constantly changing while the computer is on.changing while the computer is on.

Virtual memoryVirtual memory is extra memory that is extra memory that simulates RAM if more is needed.simulates RAM if more is needed.



Read-only memory (ROM)Read-only memory (ROM) is the permanent is the permanent storage location for a set of instructions the storage location for a set of instructions the computer uses.computer uses.

CMOSCMOS memory is semi-permanent memory is semi-permanent information about where essential software is information about where essential software is stored.stored.


Understanding Magnetic Storage Understanding Magnetic Storage Devices and MediaDevices and Media

A storage device receives data from RAM and A storage device receives data from RAM and writes it on a storage medium. Later, it can writes it on a storage medium. Later, it can be read and sent back to RAM.be read and sent back to RAM.


Understanding Magnetic Storage Understanding Magnetic Storage Devices and MediaDevices and Media

Floppy disksFloppy disks or or diskettesdiskettes are flat circles of are flat circles of iron oxide-coated plastic in a hard plastic iron oxide-coated plastic in a hard plastic case. Floppy disks can store 1.44 MB of case. Floppy disks can store 1.44 MB of data.data.

Tape drivesTape drives provide inexpensive archival provide inexpensive archival storage for large quantities of data.storage for large quantities of data.


Storage DevicesStorage Devices

Some common magnetic Some common magnetic

storage devices are:storage devices are:

Floppy disksFloppy disks Hard disk drivesHard disk drives Tape drivesTape drives Zip drivesZip drives

A floppy disk


Understanding Optical and Flash Understanding Optical and Flash Storage Devices and MediaStorage Devices and Media

Some common optical storage devices Some common optical storage devices

are:are:

CD-ROM drivesCD-ROM drives DVD drivesDVD drives CD-R drivesCD-R drives CD-RW drivesCD-RW drives


Storage DevicesStorage Devices

CD-ROMCD-ROMs are for “read-only” access.s are for “read-only” access.

CD-RCD-R drives allow you to record data on a drives allow you to record data on a CD-R disk.CD-R disk.

CD-RWCD-RW drives allow you to write data on a drives allow you to write data on a CD-RW disk and access and modify data.CD-RW disk and access and modify data.


Exploring Data CommunicationsExploring Data Communications

Data CommunicationsData Communications is the transmission of is the transmission of

text, numeric, voice, or video data from one text, numeric, voice, or video data from one

computer to another.computer to another.


Data CommunicationsData Communications

Data CommunicationsData Communications is the transmission of text, is the transmission of text, numeric, voice, or video data from one computer to numeric, voice, or video data from one computer to another.another.

The four essential components of data communications The four essential components of data communications are:are: SenderSender ChannelChannel ReceiverReceiver ProtocolsProtocols


Data CommunicationsData Communications

A A sendersender is the computer that originates the is the computer that originates the message.message.

The The messagemessage is sent over a channel, such as a is sent over a channel, such as a telephone.telephone.

The The receiverreceiver is the computer at the message’s is the computer at the message’s destination.destination.

ProtocolsProtocols are the rules that establish the are the rules that establish the transfer of data between sender and receiver.transfer of data between sender and receiver.


Data BusData Bus

Microcomputers have several types of Microcomputers have several types of

ports:ports:– ParallelParallel

– SerialSerial

– Small computer system interface (SCSI)Small computer system interface (SCSI)

– Musical instrument digital interface (MIDI)Musical instrument digital interface (MIDI)

– Universal serial bus (USB)Universal serial bus (USB)


Data BusData Bus

A A parallel portparallel port transmits data eight bits at a time, and is transmits data eight bits at a time, and is often used to connect a nearby printer.often used to connect a nearby printer.


Data BusData Bus

A serial port transmits data one bit at a time, and A serial port transmits data one bit at a time, and often connects a mouse, keyboard, or modem.often connects a mouse, keyboard, or modem.

A A SCSI (“scuzzy”)SCSI (“scuzzy”) connection can allow many connection can allow many devices to use the same port, and are popular on devices to use the same port, and are popular on Macs and notebooks.Macs and notebooks.

MIDI cardsMIDI cards are used to record and play back are used to record and play back musical data. musical data.


Data BusData Bus

Computer expansion portsComputer expansion ports


Data BusData Bus

USB (Universal Serial Bus)USB (Universal Serial Bus) ports replace ports replace

numerous connectors with one plug and port numerous connectors with one plug and port

combination. The device you install must have combination. The device you install must have

a USB connector.a USB connector.


Learning About NetworksLearning About Networks

A A networknetwork connects one computer to other connects one computer to other computers and peripherals.computers and peripherals.

In a In a local area network (LAN)local area network (LAN), computers , computers and peripherals are close to each other.and peripherals are close to each other.


NetworksNetworks

A A client/server networkclient/server network is a network with a is a network with a file server. A file server acts as the central file server. A file server acts as the central storage location.storage location.

A network without a file server is a A network without a file server is a peer-to-peer-to-peer networkpeer network. All of the computers are . All of the computers are equal.equal.


NetworksNetworks


NetworksNetworks

Each computer that is part of the network must Each computer that is part of the network must

have a network have a network interface cardinterface card and and network network

software.software.

Then it becomes a Then it becomes a workstationworkstation..

Any device connected to the network is called a Any device connected to the network is called a

nodenode..


Computer SoftwareComputer Software

SoftwareSoftware is the instructions and data that direct the is the instructions and data that direct the

computer to accomplish the task. It can refer to a single computer to accomplish the task. It can refer to a single

program or a package.program or a package.


Understanding System SoftwareUnderstanding System Software

System softwareSystem software helps the computer carry out it s helps the computer carry out it s basic operating tasks.basic operating tasks.

Application softwareApplication software helps the user carry out a variety helps the user carry out a variety of tasks.of tasks.

The four types of system software are:The four types of system software are: Operating systemsOperating systems UtilitiesUtilities Device driversDevice drivers Programming languagesProgramming languages


Understanding System SoftwareUnderstanding System Software

The The operatingoperating systemsystem controls the controls the I/OI/O or or input/outputinput/output, ,

the flow of data from microprocessor to memory to the flow of data from microprocessor to memory to

peripherals.peripherals.

The operating system makes The operating system makes multitaskingmultitasking

possible.possible.

Some types of system software include:Some types of system software include: Virus protection softwareVirus protection software UtilitiesUtilities Device driversDevice drivers Computer programming languagesComputer programming languages


Understanding Application SoftwareUnderstanding Application Software

Application software enables you to perform specific Application software enables you to perform specific

tasks. Application software includes:tasks. Application software includes:

Document production softwareDocument production software Spreadsheet softwareSpreadsheet software Database management softwareDatabase management software Graphics and presentation softwareGraphics and presentation software



Document production softwareDocument production software includes word includes word

processing, desktop publishing, and Web authoring processing, desktop publishing, and Web authoring

software that assist you in writing and formatting software that assist you in writing and formatting

documents.documents.

It often has grammar and spell-checking, thesaurus, It often has grammar and spell-checking, thesaurus,

search and replace, and template features.search and replace, and template features.



With With spreadsheet softwarespreadsheet software, you can create formulas , you can create formulas

that perform calculations. Spreadsheet software creates that perform calculations. Spreadsheet software creates

worksheetsworksheets with columns and rows. The intersection of a with columns and rows. The intersection of a

column and row is a cell.column and row is a cell.

Numbers and text are displayed in a grid of rows

and columns. Cell B5 contains the result of a

calculation performed by the spreadsheet software



Database management softwareDatabase management software creates structured creates structured databases to contain information.databases to contain information.

Graphics and presentation softwareGraphics and presentation software allow you to allow you to create illustrations, diagrams, and charts to be create illustrations, diagrams, and charts to be presented or transmitted. Most allow you to include presented or transmitted. Most allow you to include graphics.graphics.



Database management softwareDatabase management software creates structured creates structured databases to contain information.databases to contain information.

Graphics and presentation softwareGraphics and presentation software allow you to create allow you to create illustrations, diagrams, and charts to be presented or illustrations, diagrams, and charts to be presented or transmitted. Most allow you to include graphics.transmitted. Most allow you to include graphics.

Multimedia authoring softwareMultimedia authoring software allows you to record allows you to record digital sound files, video files, and animations that can digital sound files, video files, and animations that can be included in presentations and other documents.be included in presentations and other documents.



Object linking and embedding (OLE)Object linking and embedding (OLE) is the ability to is the ability to use data from another file, called the source.use data from another file, called the source.

This This integrationintegration between applications has become an between applications has become an important skill in business.important skill in business.

microsoft office 2003- illustrated introductory, second edition understanding essential computer...

Documents

computer system

output slide

input devices

computers architecture

categories of computers

handheld computers

peripheral devices

common output devices