microsoft powerpoint - saft viet-boiler training.pdf

Nhat Quang Co., Ltd. Water Treatment Solution

7/24/2012

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1Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and AirSM


H thng l hi un nng nc sinh hi (T (oC) cao, P (bar) cao). Dng hi ny s c s dng trong quy trnh sn xut, un

nng, chy turbin pht in hay dng cho cc ng dng khc

C nhiu dng l hi


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iu kin, qu trnh hot ng

Nhit cao (> 170 oC)

p sut cao (21 Bar)

Sinh hi lin tc, b sung nc mi lin tc c c tng.


c c l g??

Qu trnh c c: Do nc tinh khit bay hi li cht rn ha tan trong nc

l. nc mi c cht rn ha tan cp thm vo l.Hm lng cht rn ha tan trong l tng dn!! C c thm!!

Cng thc tnh c c C: = tng lng nc cp vo l/ tng lng x y.

Ngoi ra c th tnh mt cch gn ng nhng d dng:C = nng ion trong nc l / nng ion trong nc cp l.

Vd: C = SiO2 l / SiO2 cp l, Cl - l / Cl - cp l,


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S hot ng

L hi

BoilerBlowdown

5 tn/gi @ 0 ppm TDS

5 m3/gi@ 50 ppm TDS

= 250 g/gi cht rn

C c 20 ln= 1000 ppm TDS

5% of nc cp l250 lit/gi @ 1000 ppm

= 250 g/h cht rn

Hi tinh khit

Nc cp l

TDS (Total dissolved solids): tng hm lng cht rn ha tan (n v ppm hay mg/l)


Ti sao phi x l nc l??

iu kin hot ng Nhit cao, p sut cao:

Tc n mn rt cao (tc n mn tng gp i khi nhit tng 10 oC).

tan cc mui Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, Fe3+ gim khi nhit tng. ng cu.

Qu trnh sinh hi: c c tng nng cc cht tan tng dn

vt qu kh nng tan ng cu pH qu cao (>12) si bng.


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Ti sao phi x l nc l??

n mn Trong l hi (do O2, H+) H thng nc ngng (do O2, CO2)

Cu cn Trong l hi (TH, Fe2+/3+, Silica, c c) H thng s dng hi (do si bng)

Si bng (hi b nhim nc l hi).


Tc hi ca cc vn trn

n mn: H hng, lng ng. To b mt cho cu pht trin.

Cu cn: Gim hiu sut trao i nhit Tiu hao nhin liu Tnh trng qu nhit h hng thit b Gy nn nguy c n mn cc b.

Si bng: Gim hiu sut sinh hi. Hi khng tinh khit nh hng vic s dng hi. Gy tnh trng bm cu vo thit b s dng hi, thit b qu nhit


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Nguyn nhn gy nn cc vn trn


n mn trong l hi (Corrosion)

n mn do acid (H+):Fe + H+ Fe2+ + H2

n mn do O2 ho tan trong nc:4Fe + O2 + 2H2O 4FeOOH

n mn do caustic:Fe + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaFeO2 + 3H2Ngoi ra, caustic cn ho tan lp film bov b mt kim loi:Fe3O4 + 4NaOH 2NaFeO2 + Na2FeO2+ 2H2O


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n mn trong l hi (Corrosion) H+ trong l do:

C sn t nc ngun.

H+ trong hi v h thng nc ngng do: Mui bicarbonat trong nc ngun nhiu, khi vo l b

nhit phn sinh CO2 bay theo hi v ngng tTrong l: HCO3- CO2 + CO32- + H2OKhi b ngng t: CO2 + H2O HCO3- + H+

O2 ho tan trong nc ngun v cha c kh ht sau khi qua b kh kh.

Caustic trong l cao l do: S dng NaOH qu nhiu. c c ca l qu cao nng caustic ln.


Cu cn trong l hi (Scale)

Cc loi cu thng gp: Mui Sulphate, Silicat, Carbonat v Phosphate ca cng

(Ca2+, Mg2+) G St, cc oxid st khi c n mn trong l v h thng

ngng


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Nguyn nhn to cu trong l hi

Qu trnh kh cng khng tt lm lt cng vo l. Nhit v p sut cao trong l lm gim tan ca

mt s cht rn ho tan. S c c ca nc l nng cc cht rn ho

tan cao dn vt qu ngng tan to cu!! S phn hu nhit ca cc mui bicarbonat tan to

thnh mui carbonat t tan hn:Ca(HCO3)2CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O


Hin tng si bng

L hin tng hi b nhim nc l: Hin tng si bng do c hc: Hin tng si bng do nc l (ho hc):

Priming Foaming Carry-over


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Hin tng si bng

Nguyn nhn si bng do c hc: Thit k ca l hi Qu trnh vn hnh ca l hi

Nguyn nhn si bng do ho hc: do sc cng b mt ca nc l cao, hnh thnh cc bt, bong bng bn nn b ko theo hi. Sc cng b mt ca nc cao do: Nng cht kim (OH-) cao. TDS v Silica cao. Mt s cht hu c b nhim trong nc l.



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M hnh h thng l hi

Vic x l tt nc cp cho l hi l cc k quan trng!!

RO system


X l nc cp l (trc khi vo l)

Loi tr cc cht rn l lng, khng tan trong nc: Ct lc ct

LoI tr cc cht rn tan c th to cu: B kh st, ct lc than hot tnh Kh cng (ct lm mm), Kh khong (demineralize), thm thu ngc (Reverse

Osmosic).

LoI tr cc cht kh tan trong nc Ct lc than hot tnh B kh kh Tng nhit bn nc cp


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H thng thm thu ngcReverse Osmosic system


H thng lc trc tip Lc ct, lc a tng Lc li

Cross Flow Filtration Reverse Osmosis (thm thu ngc) Lc Nano Lc Ultra Lc Micro

Cc loi h thng lc nc


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Nccp

Nc sau lc

Lc trc tip


Lc trc tip

Nc sau lc

Cht rn nm trn b mt nhanh chng lm ngt mng lc, ct lc


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Ra ngc

Thi ra cng, h thng nc thi

Lc trc tip


Nccp

Ncsau lc

Nc c c

Cross Flow Filtration


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Nc sau lc

Membrane Surface


S C C TRONG QU TRNH LC


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Cross Flow FiltrationLu

Tc dng nc cp phi ln gi cho cccht rn di chuyn (khng ng li trn mng)

Tc dng thp s d dn n tt nghn b mtmng lc.

Cng thu hi nhiu nc (sau lc) ngha l tc dng cng thp.


Kch thc cc thnh phn trong nc

Kch thc cc thnh phn trong nc

0.0001Micron

0.001Micron

0.01Micron

0.1Micron

1.0 Micron

10Micron

100Micron

Cht tan Cht khng tanMedia Filters

Cartridge FiltrationMicrofiltration

UltrafiltrationNanofiltration (Reverse Osmosis)

Hyperfiltration (Reverse Osmosis)


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Reverse Osmosis Cht tan

Nanofiltration Ion ha tr 2 (Ca & Mg)

Ultrafiltration Cht hu c v cc ht keo

Microfiltration Cht rn khng tan.


Thm thu

Ct p thm thu

Nc tinh khit

Dung dch nng cao

H2O

H2O

H2O

Dng nc sch


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S cn bngp sut , PF

H2O

H2O

H2O

Cn bng

Nc tinh khit

p sut thm thu , PO,F

p sut thm thu, PO,P

Dung dch nng cao


Thm thu ngcy p sut, PF

H2O

H2O

H2O

Dng nc sch

Nc tinh khit

p sut dng Permeate, PP

p sut thm thu , PO,F

Dung dch nng cao

p sut thm thu, PO,P


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p sut thm thu

100 ppm Salt 1 PSI Osmotic Pressure

1000 ppm NaCl = 11.4 psi

1000 ppm NaHCO3 = 12.8 psi

1000 ppm Sucrose = 1.5 psi

35,000 ppm Seawater = 374 psi


H thng RO loi tr c

Cc ion (m, dng)

Phn t trung ha

Cc hat keo, vi khun

Khng loi tr c cccht kh ha tan!


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% Cc dng ion c lcIon Mg/l % RejectionSodium 68.0 99.4Potassium 21.0 99.4Magnesium 21.0 99.8Calcium 80.0 99.8Silica 9.3 98.9Chloride 51.0 99.5Bicarbonate 132.0 99.3Sulfate 163.0 99.8TDS 528.0 99.6

Determined at 200 psi, 25% recovery, pH 7.8on de-chlorinated city feed water with TFC membrane


Lu Thnh phn nh hng n

kh nng loi b

phn ly ion

in tch Ion

Khi lng phn t

phn ly ca phn t


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Mt ct trong mt li lc RO


Hng, chiu cacc dngnctrong hthng RO


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Concentrate

Permeate

Nc cp

% Nc Permeate thu hi


Nc RO

Nc c c (nc mui

thi b)

Nc cp vo

mui cng ngy cng tng

Flow Through a Pressure Vessel


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H s c c v mi quan h vi % thu hi

H s c c (x) = Lu lng dng nc cpLu lng dng nc mui

H s c c = 1(1 % thu hi)


Quan h gia % thu hi v h s c c

thu hi H s c c50% 275% 480% 590% 1095% 2097.5% 4098% 50


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Thnh phn nh hng n % thu hi

Nng cc mui khong to cu

p sut thm thu

Cht lng nc sau lc


Single-Stage RO System

ELEMENTS

VESSEL

FEEDPERMEATE

HIGHPRESSUREPUMP

TRAIN #1

TRAIN #2 BRINE


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Cc nguy c trong h thng RO

Cu cn trong mng lc: Do c s c c Nguy c ng cu trn mng lc.

Vi sinh pht trin trong mng lc: Cc vi khun c th pht trin trong mng lc lm gim kh

nng lc

Tc hi:v gim kh nng lc ca h thng RO v tng p sut dng nc cpv gim lu lng, p sut dng PermeatevGy nt gy, h mng lc khi p sut nc cp tng qu

ln.


Calcium carbonate

Calcium sulphate

Barium sulphate

Iron

Silica

Cu cn thng gp trn mng lc


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SILICA FOULING


X l cho h thng RO

Cu cn: Tng vn tc dng nc mui (gim % thu hi). S dng ha cht chng ng cu (PC191) CIP cleaning cho mng lc khi p tng cao.

Vi sinh: X l vi sinh nc cp u vo (Chlorine, UV, ) S dng cht dit khun cho nc vo RO. CIP cleaning cho mng lc khi p tng cao.


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Ha cht chng cu cho h thng RO PC191


Cu hi??


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B kh kh (De-aerator)

Cng dng: Kh cc kh ha tan trong nc (O2, CO2). Gim lng ha cht chng n mn (kh O2 v tng pH)

Cc loi kh kh: Kh kh p sut Kh kh chn khng.

C ch hot ng: tan ca cc cht kh gim khi nhit tng (kh kh p sut). tan ca cc cht kh gim khi p sut hi gim (kh kh chn

khng.


B kh kh nh my

Hi cp vo

Nc mm

Nc ngng c Oxi

102oC 105oC

ng x kh

Ra b ly mu nc cp l X trn bng

val inVo bm cp

nc lX y bng

val tay

Nc ngng khng c Oxi


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C ch v iu kin hot ng: Nc mm v nc ngng c ha trn trc tng

nhit . Cc mm (tray) vi nhiu l nh gip phn chia dng nc

thnh cc ht nh tng din tch tip xc nc nng nhanh hn v cc kh ha tan c th tch nhanh hn.

T cn thit ca bn nc cp l 100 105oC P hot ng 5 10 pisg.

Kt qu kh kh: Oxi ha tan (DO): 7 40 ppb O2 Kh carbonic (CO2): gn nh kh hon ton, hm lng cn

li khng ng ngi.

B kh kh nh my


tan ca Oxi trong nc ct

26242220181614121086420

60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240

10 psi5 psi010" VAC

Oxygen - ppm

Temperature - F


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Phi c hi thot ra ng x kh!!


Chng trnh x l nc cp l Cht lng nc cp l:

X l nc cp l ch yu ph thuc vo thit b x l nc cp (ct lc, RO, ct kh kh). Ho cht ch dng x l phn nh cn li m thit b khng x l ht v d phng cho nhng trng hp ngoi mun!!

STT Ch tiu n v Gii hn

1 pH 8.5-9.5

2 Hm lng St tng mg/l theo Fe


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X DNG HA CHT X L NC L HI


Chng n mn

Do acid (H+) Trong bn nc cp v l hi:

S dng cc loi ha cht lm tng pH, kim nh NaOH,Na2CO3, Nalco 214, Nalco 2584

Phn ng trung ha: OH- + H+ H2O Lun gi pH trong nc l > 10.5 v > 9.2 trong nc cp l bo

m khng cn H+.

Chng n mn ng hi v h thng nc ngng: S dng cc amin bay hi trung ha CO2 bay theo hi: Nalco 352,

Nalco 356, Nalco 55211, Nalco 55212 Phn ng: CO2 + H2O + RNH2 RNH3+ + HCO3-

Lun gi pH nc ngng trong khong 8.3 9.0


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Chng n mnDo Oxi ha tan (DO)

Phn Oxi ho tan cn li m ct kh kh khngkh ht, dng cht kh Oxi (oxygen scavenger)cng vi cht xc tc y nhanh vn tc phnng kh Oxi, khng Oxi c th i vo l!!

S dng cht kh Oxi gc Sulfite (Nalco 19PULV,Nalco 1720, Nalco 2548)

Na2SO3 + O2 Na2SO4Hm lng Sulfite trong nc l: 50 100 mg/l as Na2SO3.

Ngoi ra cn c rt nhiu cht kh Oxi khc gc hydrazinecarbonhydrazide, ascorbic,


Chng n mn


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Chng ng cu

m bo cht lng nc cp l cng tng: < 1 ppm theo CaCO3. Hm lng St: < 0.1 ppm theo Fe. Hm lng cht rn khng tan: < 2 mg/l.

Ch x y hp l Gi c c cng nh nng cc cht trong l khng

vt qu ngng tan.

S dng ha cht chng ng cu: Nalco 22310, 22320, Nalco 7208,


Qu trnh pht trin ca l hi v cc loi ha cht chng cu

Nhu cu cn hi nc1800s l hi xut hin

Cu cn gy h lCT kt bng1920s

1930sBmt sch, p sut cao hnCT Phosphate & trao I ion

1970sKhng hong nng lng

Chelant

1980sNhu cu cn l hi sch

Cc cht Polymer

2000s

Nhu cu d dng kim tra v iu chnhNexGuard @


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evolve your boiler


Cc thnh phn chnh v cng dng: Cc dy Polymer hu c tng cng kh nng phn tn St,

Silica, v cc cht rn khng tan. Cc cht to phc tan vi cng Ca2+, Mg2+.

cng, st, Silica c chuyn ra ngoi thng qua x y (Transport Plus).

Cng ngh Trasar #3: d dng o t v kim sot hm lng ha cht s dng vi Trasar pen #3

NexGuard @

Vo

RaL hi


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Phc Polymer mang in tch m kt hp vi ion Ca2+ & Mg2+, gip cc ion ny tan trong nc.

Mg+2

Ca+2

--

- - - -

- -

polymer chain

NexGuard @


Iron particle Iron

particle

Polymer

Cc ht St khng b kt t, l lng trong nc v c loi b qua x y!!

NexGuard @


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NexGuard @

Tch hp cng ngh hunh quang Trasar #3: D dng trong s dng D dng kim tra nng ha cht An ton khng c hi Cho kt qu nhanh chng D bo qun, hiu chnh thit b


NexGuard 22310


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Chng si bng

Chng si bng do nguyn nhn c hc: Vn hnh l theo ng quy nh, khng ly hi t ngt Mc nc trong l khng c qu cao n nh ch t l

Chng si bng do nguyn nhn ho hc: X y l hp l. Trnh du m b nhim vo l. S dng ho cht chng si bng lm gim sc cng

b mt ca dung dch (Nalco 750).


Cc ch tiu cn kim sot cho nc l

STT Ch tiu n v Gii hn

1 pH 10.5-12

2 dn in S/cm < 1000

3 Silica mg/l theo SiO2 < 150

4 cng tng ppm theo CaCO3


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Bin php x l khi ch tiu khng t

Tham kho hng dn x dng ha cht x l l hi

Mt s lu khi thc hin x l: Ch tiu cng phi lun c m bo, khng cho cng lt

vo l.

Ch tiu Sulphite, Nexguard v pH phi ln hn gii hn di, khikhng t phi tng hm lng ha cht tng ng ngay lp tc.

Khng bao gi c tt bm Nalco 1720!!

Vic gim ha cht phi tin hnh t t v theo di (khng nn gimqu nhanh dn n thiu ha cht rt nguy him) Gii hn trn caha cht nhm khng dng qu d ha cht, khng gy hI cho hthng khi vt qu ngng ny (tr gi tr pH).


Cc lu khi kim tra nc l

Cc ch tiu nc l thay i do c c, nn cc ch tiu bin i kh tng ng. Khi c bt k mt ch tiu no khng hp l, phi kim tra li cng nh ly mu li xem xt v tm nguyn nhn vn .

Ch tiu Sulphite lun do lin ngay sau khi ly mu nc l (phi lm ngui n < 45oC).

Lm ngui n < 45oC khi o dn in v pH.


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Cu hi ??


Xin cm n!!

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