The Middle The Middle AgesAges

Early Middle AgesEarly Middle Ages

Decline of Roman Empire Decline of Roman Empire

Rise of Northern Europe Rise of Northern Europe

New forms of government New forms of government

Heavy “Heavy “RomanizationRomanization” ” (religion, language, laws, (religion, language, laws, architecture, government)architecture, government)

Dark AgesDark Ages (500 CE- 1000 CE)- scholars (500 CE- 1000 CE)- scholars named this as a time when the forces of named this as a time when the forces of darkness (barbarians) overwhelmed the darkness (barbarians) overwhelmed the forces of light (Romans) forces of light (Romans)

Rise of influence of Rise of influence of barbariansbarbarians as Roman as Roman Emperors had granted barbarian Emperors had granted barbarian mercenaries land with the Roman Empire in mercenaries land with the Roman Empire in return for military service and it was these return for military service and it was these barbarians who eventually became the new barbarians who eventually became the new rulers rulers

Warriors and Warbands in the Warriors and Warbands in the WestWest

Period of change in Western Europe as Period of change in Western Europe as barbarians were migrating in to areas given barbarians were migrating in to areas given up by Romansup by Romans

As more barbarians moved westward, other As more barbarians moved westward, other tribes were forced to movetribes were forced to move

Groups categorized by languages and little Groups categorized by languages and little elseelse

CelticCeltic: Gauls, Britons, Bretons: Gauls, Britons, Bretons GermanicGermanic: Goths, Frank, Vandals, Saxons: Goths, Frank, Vandals, Saxons SlavicSlavic: Wends: Wends

The Holy Roman The Holy Roman Empire & Empire &

CharlemagneCharlemagne CharlemagneCharlemagne (Charles the Great) was (Charles the Great) was

a military general and a military general and “Emperor of “Emperor of the Romansthe Romans” ”

Charlemagne became the first ruler Charlemagne became the first ruler of the of the Holy Roman EmpireHoly Roman Empire, a dynasty , a dynasty that would last for more than 700 that would last for more than 700 yearsyears

CharlemagneCharlemagne- imposed order on - imposed order on empire through the Church and state.empire through the Church and state.

All these promoted education and All these promoted education and scholars and produced a precise scholars and produced a precise written language (Latin)written language (Latin)

High High

Middle Middle

AgesAges

Norman ConquestsNorman Conquests & William the Conqueror & William the Conqueror

The Feudal systemThe Feudal system

The CrusadesThe Crusades

King John and the Magna CartaKing John and the Magna Carta

The rise of ParliamentThe rise of Parliament

Edward I and WalesEdward I and Wales

Birth of Modern LanguagesBirth of Modern Languages

Development of Middle AgesDevelopment of Middle Ages New languages born through migration, New languages born through migration,

resettlement, conflict and changesresettlement, conflict and changes Old English (Anglo Saxon) began to Old English (Anglo Saxon) began to

incorporate words borrowed from Latin incorporate words borrowed from Latin and Old French, Old German and Old and Old French, Old German and Old NorseNorse

Roots of contemporary Spanish, Italian Roots of contemporary Spanish, Italian and other Romance languages and other Romance languages

New Ideas and CultureNew Ideas and Culture Effects of CrusadesEffects of Crusades Guild and communesGuild and communes Towns, cities and manorsTowns, cities and manors New thinkers (Thomas Aquinas) and writersNew thinkers (Thomas Aquinas) and writers Creation of universitiesCreation of universities New art and architecture (gothic, castles)New art and architecture (gothic, castles) Knighthood and chivalryKnighthood and chivalry Courtly entertainment (fables, playwrights)Courtly entertainment (fables, playwrights)

Late Middle AgesLate Middle Ages

The Black DeathThe Black Death

The Peasants RevoltThe Peasants Revolt

The War of the RosesThe War of the Roses

Ideas, Inventions and Key FiguresIdeas, Inventions and Key Figures

Roger Bacon (gunpowder)Roger Bacon (gunpowder)Luca Pacioli (Father of Accounting)Luca Pacioli (Father of Accounting)Johannes Gutenberg (printing press)Johannes Gutenberg (printing press)Christine de Pisan (writer); Geoffrey Christine de Pisan (writer); Geoffrey Chaucer (writer)Chaucer (writer)Joan of Arc (Hundred Year’s War)Joan of Arc (Hundred Year’s War)Pope Urban II (indulgences)Pope Urban II (indulgences)Parliamentary Government in EnglandParliamentary Government in England