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Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8

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Page 1: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Middle Ages

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Page 2: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Middle Ages

• AKA = Dark Ages– Little trade– No education– Mass invasions

• Historians say it was not dark

• Est. new civilization

• Medieval – Latin for “middle ages”

Page 3: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Germanic Kingdoms

• Goths, Vandals, Saxons, Franks

• Mostly farmers or herders

• Small communities

• No written law

• King elected by tribal council

• Warrior and king pact

Page 4: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

King Clovis

• King of the Franks

• Conquers Gaul

• Converted to Christianity

Page 5: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Muslim Empire

• Islam formed in 600s

• Move across the Middle East, N. Africa, and into Spain

Page 6: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Charles Martel

• Raised an army to battle the Muslims in Frankish lands

• 732 – Battle of Tours– Martel’s Army defeats the Muslims

Page 7: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Charles the Great

• “Charlemagne”

• Takes the throne in 768

• Ruled the empire built by his grandfather, Charles Martel

• Fought: Muslims in Spain, Saxons in the North, Avars and Slavs in the East, and Lombards in Italy

Page 8: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Charlemagne

• 799 – Pope Leo III asked him for help against rebellious nobles

• Pope makes Charlemagne emperor of Rome

• Results:– East and West split more– Unites Christians in Europe– Sets up power struggle

Page 9: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Gov’t of Charlemagne

• Nobles as governors

• Missi dominici – supervisors/advisors

• Officials expected to keep written records

Page 10: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Society of Charlemagne

• Encouraged Latin learning

• Set up schools

Page 11: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Legacy of Charlemagne

• Died in 814

• Son, Louis I rules– Grandsons fight over and divide the empire

with the Treaty of Verdun

• Known for:– Extending Christianity– Set up a strong, efficient government

Page 12: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Invasions

• Muslims

• Magyars from Hungary

• Vikings from Scandinavia– Farmers ruled by chieftains– Explored, traded, pillaged

Page 13: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Feudalism

• Def. – a loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords known as vassals– Land is exchanged for military service

• Feudal contract – exchange of pledges

• Fief – estate that may include peasants

• Liege lord – 1st lord

Page 14: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Contract

• Protection in exchange for land, peasants, 40 days of military service, money, and sometimes advice

Page 15: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Feudal Organizer

Page 16: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Knights and Nobles

• Knight – a mounted warrior

• Sent at age 7 to father’s lord’s castle– Learn to ride and fight– Learn to maintain armor and weapons

• Fight with swords, axes, and lances while on horseback

– Strict discipline– Laziness was beat out– Dubbed a knight at conclusion of training

Page 17: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Noblewomen

• Took over duties if husband was away

• Some event went to war

• Some were involved in politics

• Widow retain land

• Don’t typically inherit

• Dowry – land

• Women were apprentices as well

Page 18: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Chivalry

• Code of conduct

• Require bravery, loyalty, and honesty

• Fight fairly

• Only applied to nobles

• Must protect the weak

• Troubadours – wondering musicians

Page 19: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Manor System

• Lord’s estate

• Self-sufficient

• City-state

• Peasants – serfs- bound to the land– NOT slavery

Page 20: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Peasants and Lords

• Worked certain number of days

• Repaired fences, roads, bridges, ect

• Paid inheritance fee

• Paid mill fee

• Semi-annual fee (Christmas and Easter)– Paid with goods

• Guaranteed food, housing, and land

Page 21: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Land division

• Woods and hunting is for the Lord ONLY

• Land is divided in strips

Page 22: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Peasant Life

• Harsh, long hours

• Hungry in the winter

• Few live longer than 35yr.

• Diet: black bread and veggies– Very little meat– Fish if time allows

Page 23: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Section 3

The Medieval Church

Page 24: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Role of the Priest

• Contact of the church

• Celebrated mass

• Administered the sacraments

• Spread teachings of the Church

• Interpreted the Bible

• Medical

• education

Page 25: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Village Church

• Social center

• Place of worship

• Lives revolved around the church

• Village pride

• Relics

• Cathedral – church of the bishop

Page 26: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Church Women

• “men and women are equal before God”

• Women on earth were weak and more likely to sin – Need the guidance of men

• Protection:– Min. age for marriage– Men could be fined for abuse

• Women had harsher punishments

Page 27: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Monasteries and Convents

• Benedictine Rule – vows– Obedience to the head of the convent or

monastery– Poverty– chastity

• Daily division of activities• Scientists• Hospitals, schools, orphanages, shelters,

hotels

Page 28: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Church Power

• Secular – worldly

• Medieval popes claim papal supremacy

• Popes have their own army

• Bishops & archbishops = nobles– Each has own land and army

• Church officials & secular rulers are interlinked = family/association

Page 29: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Doctrine on Salvation

• Do good works• Believe in Christ• Participate in the sacraments

– Give church power• Excommunication – kicked out of the church• Interdict – excommunication of a region

• Canon Laws– Laws passed by the courts– Court system

Page 30: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Corruption & Reform

• Wealth & power reduce discipline

• Priest allowed to marry

• Priesthood – inherited

Page 31: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Pope Gregory VII

• Outlaw marriage

• Eliminated secular involvement

• Prohibits simony – the selling of church offices

Page 32: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Monk Orders

• Friars – traveling monks

• St. Francis of Assisi– Founded the Franciscans– Preached poverty, humility, and love of God

• St. Dominic– Dominican order– Combat heresies

Page 33: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Women in the Order

• Dominican Nuns

• Poor Clares

– Only allow wealthy women for dowries

• Beguines – poor women

Page 34: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Jews of the Middle Ages

• Spain – center religious tolerance– Many Jews

• Christians blame Jews for any problems– Many move to E. Europe

Page 35: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Section 4

Economic Recovery

Page 36: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Agri. Revolution

• Plows, horses– Allow more land to be farmed

• Lords have more land cleared

• Creation of 3-field system– Grain, legume, unplanted

Page 37: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Trade results

• Cities form around trade route due to lack of war/invasion

• Charter – permission and rules for a new town– Requires yearly fee

Page 38: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Commercial Revolution

• Capital and credit are used

• Partnerships – groups of merchants

• Use of insurance

• Tenant farming begins

Page 39: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Middle Class

• Merchants, traders, artisans

• Unhappy nobles and clergy

Page 40: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Guilds

• Groups of merchants and artisans

• Unions

• Somewhat of a government– Taxes, laws, financial spending for the city

• Guild Training– 7 – become an apprentice– 7 years of training– Result as a journeymen

Page 41: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Women in Guilds

• Ownership/membership

• Craft of father or husband

• Inherit business

• Control certain goods

Page 42: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Cities of the Middle Ages

• Overcrowded

• Narrow streets

• Fire hazards

• Division of guilds

• Trash filled streets

Page 43: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Chapter 8 Section 1

Unification of Regions

Page 44: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Royal Power

• Early monarchs have little power

• Noble and church have power– Courts, taxes, armies

• Monarchs– Establish courts and bureaucracies– Tax systems– Armies– Relationships w/ Middle class

Page 45: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

England

• Conquered by Anglo-Saxons

• 1066 – King Edward died w/o an heir

• Harold – chosen by nobles

• William – Duke of Normandy claims throne– Gets army and support of Pope– Won @ Battle of Hastings– Became William the Conqueror

Page 46: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Royal Power of William

• Fiefs given to Church and French Lords, AKA barons

• Required ALL vassals to make him liege lord

• Census in 1086– Domesday Book

• Castle, fields, pigpens

Page 47: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Legal System of Henry II

• 1154 – Henry II takes throne– Sent out justices– Common law – a legal system based on

custom and court rulings– Jury system

• Jury – men sworn to tell the truth

Page 48: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Church vs. Gov’t

• Henry II claims right to put clergy on trial

Page 49: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Evolving Gov’t• King John

– Lost lands in France to King Philip II of France– Innocent III excommunicates John

• Interdicts England

– Magna Carta 1215 – great charter• Forced by nobles• 1) Nobles get rights• 2) Set the monarch under the law• Included due process of law• Also had habeas corpus

Page 50: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Development of Parlaiment

• Great Council

• Legislative Branch

• 1295 – Edward I asked Parliament to approve $ for wars in France

Page 51: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Monarchs of France

• Capetian Kings – 300 years of rule– Hugh Capet elected– Makes throne hereditary– Gained lands by playing nobles against each

other– Set up an effective bureaucracy– Gain support of church and Middle class

Page 52: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Philip II

• Gave gov’t positions to middle class

• Gave charters for new towns

• Extended French lands

Page 53: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Louis IX

• Persecuted heretics and Jews

• Led knights in 2 crusades

• Declared a saint

• Expanded court system

• Ended serfdom

• Outlawed private laws

Page 54: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Philip IX vs. Pope Boniface VIII

• Taxation of clergy

• Pope escapes capture

Page 55: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Pope vs. Pope

• 1305 – French Pope elected– Moves capital to French Border

• Another pope is elected in Rome

• The fight for power

Page 56: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Estates General

• 3 body system– Clergy, nobles, and townsfolk

Page 57: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

The Crusades

a series of wars fought between Christians and Muslims over the Holy Land

• Council of Clermont Pope Urban II calls for a Crusade to free the Holy Land

• Create a Crusade Graphic Organizer

Page 58: Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization

Pope Urban II’s Reasons

• Increase power

• Heal the split in the church

• Christians fighting Muslims and not other Christians