Middle East

Middle East Country Comparisons

Already KNOWNEED to KnowWill LearnIranIsraelSaudi ArabiaTurkeyTheocracyAbsolute MonarchyParliamentary Democracy

Words to Know!

How does the Government distribute power?

How do the citizens participate in government?Two Main Questions for GovernmentUnitary- a form of government in which power is held by one central authority.

Confederation-voluntary associations of independent states that, to secure some common purpose, agree to certain limitations on their freedom of action and establish some joint machinery of consultation or deliberation.

Federal-a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities.Describe the ways governments distribute powerAutocratic-government in which one person possesses unlimited power and the citizen has little if any role in the government.

Oligarchic-Government by the few, sometimes a government in which a small group exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes. The citizen has very limited role.

Democratic-Government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly.Citizen participation in governmentMiddle East Country Comparisons Name of CountryType of GovernmentGDP

ReligionsEthnic GroupsLiteracy RateGraphic Organizer Use this as an example for your notes on each country ---

Iran

Known as Persia until 1935Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown, forces established a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority in the Supreme Leader Small group of people within country have powerPresident is elected, but ultimate power with Supreme Leader

A little of Irans history

Climate: mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast

Terrain: mountainous in the northwest, desert in the eastNatural resources: petroleum

Land use: arable land: 9.78%

Natural hazards: periodic droughts, earthquakes

Environment - current issues: air pollution, especially in urban areas, deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; oil pollution in the Persian GulfGeography: Iran

Life expectancy: 70.06 yearsEthnic groups: Persian 51%, Azeri 24%, Kurd 7%, Arab 3%, Religions: Muslim 98% (Shi'a 89%, Sunni 9%), other2%Languages: Persian and Persian dialects 58%Literacy: 77%

People: Iran

Country name: Islamic Republic of Iran Government type: theocratic republic Capital: Tehran Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Supreme Leader of Iran is a religious leaderhas final say on all mattersAn elected president is head of government but can be removed at any time by the Supreme Leader

Government: Iran

President Hassan Rouhani

Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei

GDP - per capita: $10,600 (2010 est.)Labor force: agriculture: 30% industry: 25% services: 45% (2001 est.) Unemployment rate: 15% according to the Iranian government (2007 est.) Agriculture products: wheat, rice, wool; caviar Industries: petroleumExports petroleum 80%, chemicals, and Persian carpetsExports partners: Japan 14.1%, China 12.9%, Turkey 7.3%, Italy 6.3%, South Korea 5.7%, (2006)Imports partners: Germany 12.1%, China 10.6%, UAE 9.4%, South Korea 6.2%(2006) Economy: Iran

Unitary- a form of government in which power is held by one central authority.Confederation-voluntary associations of independent states that, to secure some common purpose, agree to certain limitations on their freedom of action and establish some joint machinery of consultation or deliberation.Federal-a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities.

Interactive Notebook Question:Which is Iran today? Describe the ways governments distribute powerUnitaryAutocratic-government in which one person possesses unlimited power and the citizen has little if any role in the government.Oligarchic-Government by a few, a government in which a small group exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes. The citizen has very limited role.Democratic-Government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly.

Interactive Notebook Question:Which is Iran today?

Citizen participation in government

OligarchicParliamentary-system of government having the real executive power vested in a cabinet composed of members of the legislature who are individually and collectively responsible to the legislature. May have a Prime Minister elected by the legislature.Presidential-a system of government in which the president is constitutionally independent of the legislature.Do either of these apply to Iran? If yes, which one?

Two Types of Democracies

Remember this guy?Middle East Country ComparisonsName of CountryType of GovernmentGDPIranUnitary, Oligarchic, Theocratic Republic $10,600 (2010 est.)ReligionsEthnic GroupsLiteracy RateMuslim 98% (Shi'a 89%, Sunni 9%)Persian 51%77%Graphic Organizer

Much of Irans population lives in the western mountainous part of the country. Northern (rain forest) and eastern (desert) parts are not very populous.Iran has an oil-reliant economy with many jobs in this sectorIran Living and Jobs

Think-Pair-ShareWhat does it mean when Shia Muslims make up 90%+ of the population in Iran? Would there be conflict in the society with the other 10%?Interactive Notebook Question

Israel

Climate: temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas Terrain: Negev desert in the southNatural resources: timber, natural gas, sand, etc. Natural hazards: occasional sandstorms, droughts; periodic earthquakesEnvironment - current issues: limited arable land and natural fresh water resources; desertification; air pollutionGeography: Israel

Sea of Galilee Negev Desert

Life expectancy: 80.96 yearsEthnic groups: Jewish 76.4%; (non-Jewish 23.6% (mostly Arab) (2004)Religions: Jewish 76.4%, Muslim 16%, Arab Christians 1.7%, Languages: Hebrew (official), Arabic, English Literacy: 97.1%People: Israel

Government type: parliamentary democracy Capital: name: Jerusalem Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Chief of State A president is elected as a ceremonial type leaderHead of Government A prime minister is chosen by the legislative branch (Knesset). The prime minister runs governmental matters.

Government: Israel

Prime MinisterBenjamin NetanyahuThe economy of Israel is a diversified mixed economy Poor in natural resources, Israel depends on imports of petroleum, coal, food, uncut diamonds, other production inputs, and military equipment. The country's GDP per capita has been $29,800 (2010 est.). Israel diamond industry is one of the world's centers for diamond cutting and polishing. It is also a world leader in software development and is a major tourist destination.

Unemployment rate: 6.7% (2010 est)

Agriculture products: citrus, vegetables, cotton; beef, poultry, dairy products

Industries: high-technology projects, diamond cutting

Exports partners: US 38.4%

Imports commodities: raw materials, military equipment, rough diamonds, fuels

Imports partners: US 12.4%Economy: Israel

Middle East Country ComparisonsName of CountryType of GovernmentGDPIsrael Unitary, Parliamentary Democracy$29,800 (2010 est.)ReligionsEthnic GroupsLiteracy RateJewish 76.4%, Muslim 16%, Arab Christians 1.7%Jewish 76.4%97.1%Graphic Organizer Use this as an example for your notes on each country ---

Over 70% of Israels population lives along the western Mediterranean coastJob diversity is greater in Israel than any other Middle Eastern countryIsrael has a heavy tourism industry-WHY?multi-national corporations are located within Israel providing high paying jobs for much of its population

Israel--- Living and Jobs

What does the Literacy Rate for Israel mean for their economy?Think about it!

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is the birthplace of Islam and home to Islam's two holiest shrines in Mecca and Medina. The king's official title is the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. Climate: harsh, dry desertTerrain: mostly uninhabited, sandy desert Natural resources: petroleumNatural hazards: frequent sand and dust storms Environment - current issues: desertification; depletion of underground water resources, coastal pollution from oil spillsGeography: Saudi Arabia& HOT!!!

Life expectancy at birth: 75 yearsEthnic groups: Arab 90%Religions: Muslim 100% Languages: Arabic Literacy: total population: 78.8%male: 84.7%female: 70.8% (2003 est.)

People:Saudi Arabia

Country name: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Government type: monarchy Capital: name: Riyadh Suffrage: 21 years of age; maleExecutive branch: chief of state: King elections: none; the monarch is hereditaryLegislative branch: Consultative Council members appointed by the monarch for four-year terms).Government: Saudi Arabia

The Qur'an is the constitution of the country, which is governed on the basis of Islamic law (Shari'a).

Saudi Arabia has an oil-based economy and plays a leading role in OPEC.Saudi Arabia's economy is a centrally planned economy. However, there are some private companies in Saudi Arabia. They are strictly controlled and regulated by the Saudi Arabian government.

GDP - per capita (PPP): $24,200

Unemployment rate: 13% among Saudi males only

Industries: crude oil Exports petroleum and petroleum products 90%

Exports partners: Japan 17.6%, US 15.8%, South Korea 9.6%, China 7% Imports commodities: machinery and equipment, foodstuffsImports partners: US 12.2%, Germany 8.5%, China 7.9%Economy: Saudi Arabia

In many extended areas (especially the Rub al-Khali and Arabian Desert) there is almost no populationMuch of Saudi Arabias population is located along the west coast this is due to the proximity to the Red SeaSaudi Arabia draws a large portion of their labor force from other nationsSaudi Arabia Living and JobsMiddle East Country ComparisonsName of CountryType of GovernmentGDPSaudi ArabiaUnitary, Autocratic, Absolute Monarchy$24,200 (2010)Command/Mixed

ReligionsEthnic GroupsLiteracy RateIslam: Arab 90%, Afro-Asian 10%78.8Graphic Organizer

Is Saudi Arabia an absolute or constitutional monarchy?

How would their natural resources impact their economy?Interactive Notebook Question

Turkey

Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remains of the defeated Ottoman Empire Climate: temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet wintersNatural hazards: severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, current issues: water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestationGeography

Population: 78,785,548 (July 2011 est.)Life expectancy at birth: total population: 72.5 years Turkish Ethnic groups: Turkish 70-75%, Kurdish 18%, Languages: Turkish (official), KurdishLiteracy: definition: 87.4%People

Country name: Republic of Turkey Government type: republican parliamentary democracy Capital: name: Ankara Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Abdullah GUL head of government: Prime Minister Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN Legislative branch: unicameral Grand National Assembly of TurkeyGovernment

Turkey has a strong and rapidly growing private sector, and the state is beginning to play a smaller role in industry, banking, transport, and communications.

Mixed Market

GDP - per capita (PPP): $12,300 (2010 est.) Unemployment rate: 12% (2010)Population below poverty line: 17.11% (2008)Agriculture products: tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, pulse, citrus; livestockIndustries: textiles, food processing, autosEconomy: Turkey

A larger proportion of Turkeys population lives in the smaller European sectionThe Asian portion of Turkey is rather mountainousTurkeys jobs are focused in the service sector

Turkey Living and JobsMiddle East Country ComparisonsName of CountryType of GovernmentGDPTurkeyUnitary, Parliamentary Democracy $12,300 ReligionsEthnic GroupsLiteracy RateMuslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni)Turkish 70-75%, Kurdish 18% 87.4Graphic Organizer Use this as an example for your notes on each country ---

List three countries that have Parliamentary GovernmentsList the two highest GDP countriesWhich country is led by king?

3-2-1

Draw an Economic Continuum line on the Left Side of your Notebook with Market on one side and Command on the other:

Command Market

For each of the following questions, name the type of Economy and place the name of the country on your Economic Continuum Name the Type of Economy1. Israel has a mixed economy that is also technologically advanced. The Israeli government and private Israeli companies own and control the economy equally

2. Saudi Arabia also has a mixed economy. The government largely controls the main export oil. Oil accounts for well over half of the countrys economy.

3. Since the late 1980s, Turkey has gradually moved from a government directed economy to more private enterprise. Name the Type of EconomyEconomic Continuum line

Command Market

Saudi Arabia /Iran Israel Turkey

Israel=Mixed/Market (closer to mixed) Saudi Arabia/Iran=Mixed/CommandTurkey=Mixed/Market (closer to mixed) Name the Type of EconomyChoose one of the following to draw:

An example of how Israels citizen participate in government. How people work in this area: Saudi Arabia-Types of Industry? Cities? Type of economy for Turkey: Mixed? Market? Command?Summarizing Activity Central Intelligence Agency, World Fact Book. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html 092707Maps 101. Nystrom. Retrieved from http://www.maps101.com/ 121208

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