Middle Fork Middle Fork Snoqualmie Snoqualmie Valley Invasive Valley Invasive Weed ProjectWeed Project

Sasha ShawSasha ShawEducation SpecialistEducation SpecialistKing County Noxious Weed ProgramKing County Noxious Weed Program

AgendaAgenda

Weed Surveys to DateWeed Surveys to Date Weed PrioritiesWeed Priorities Priority Weeds Present in the WatershedPriority Weeds Present in the Watershed

Class A and B Noxious WeedsClass A and B Noxious Weeds Other Priority Invasive WeedsOther Priority Invasive Weeds

Other Weeds – Lower Priority (except in the Other Weeds – Lower Priority (except in the upper watershed)upper watershed)

Noxious Weeds Threatening to InvadeNoxious Weeds Threatening to Invade Survey ProceduresSurvey Procedures

Middle Fork Snoqualmie Weed Middle Fork Snoqualmie Weed Surveys Completed 2005 and 2006Surveys Completed 2005 and 2006 Roadsides (10 ft in on both sides)Roadsides (10 ft in on both sides)

Farther in where disturbance or weed Farther in where disturbance or weed infestations were observedinfestations were observed

Disturbed SitesDisturbed Sites Quarries, cut banks, logging landingsQuarries, cut banks, logging landings Camping sites, pullouts, trailheads, parking Camping sites, pullouts, trailheads, parking

lotslots Open talus fields, stream crossingsOpen talus fields, stream crossings River by raft and river bars on footRiver by raft and river bars on foot

Priority Weeds Identified in Priority Weeds Identified in the Middle Fork Valleythe Middle Fork Valley

Himalayan and Himalayan and Evergreen BlackberryEvergreen Blackberry

Bohemian KnotweedBohemian Knotweed Scotch BroomScotch Broom Reed Canary GrassReed Canary Grass English HollyEnglish Holly English IvyEnglish Ivy Butterfly BushButterfly Bush Tansy Ragwort*Tansy Ragwort* Yellow Hawkweed*Yellow Hawkweed*

Canada ThistleCanada Thistle Hedge BindweedHedge Bindweed Common TansyCommon Tansy Yellow ArchangelYellow Archangel Yellow Flag IrisYellow Flag Iris European Mountain-AshEuropean Mountain-Ash Spotted Knapweed*Spotted Knapweed* Bittersweet NightshadeBittersweet Nightshade Poison-hemlockPoison-hemlock

Listed in order of total area found. Weeds with * are designated for control in King County.

Middle Fork Snoqualmie Weed Middle Fork Snoqualmie Weed PrioritiesPriorities

Washington State Noxious WeedsWashington State Noxious Weeds Especially those designated in King CountyEspecially those designated in King County

Non-native species newly introduced or not Non-native species newly introduced or not previously reported in the valleypreviously reported in the valley

Excluded from the survey: species that are Excluded from the survey: species that are already pervasive in the valley and unlikely to be already pervasive in the valley and unlikely to be controlled valley-widecontrolled valley-wide In higher elevation areas, widespread weeds should In higher elevation areas, widespread weeds should

be mapped if there is a chance to control thembe mapped if there is a chance to control them

What are the Weed Classes?What are the Weed Classes?

Class A WeedsClass A Weeds – new invaders, control – new invaders, control required statewide, still a chance to eradicaterequired statewide, still a chance to eradicate

Class B and C DesignatesClass B and C Designates – control required in – control required in King County, still have a chance to stop them King County, still have a chance to stop them from getting establishedfrom getting established

Non-Designates and Weeds of ConcernNon-Designates and Weeds of Concern – – widespread invasive weeds in King County, widespread invasive weeds in King County, control not required but definitely a good idea control not required but definitely a good idea whenever possible!whenever possible!

Class A and B Noxious Class A and B Noxious WeedsWeeds

(Please notify the county noxious (Please notify the county noxious weed program if these are found)weed program if these are found)

Tansy Ragwort (Tansy Ragwort (Senecio jacobaeaSenecio jacobaea))

First year rosettes have round-lobed leaves, reddish stems

Flowering stems are 1-6 ft tall with clusters of yellow, daisy flowers

Flowers June to October. Seeds are viable for 10 to 16 years.

Class B Noxious Weed

Yellow HawkweedYellow Hawkweed ((Hieracium caespitosumHieracium caespitosum))

Class B Noxious Weed

Spotted Knapweed (Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebeCentaurea stoebe)) Grows 3 - 5 feet tall, Grows 3 - 5 feet tall,

perennialperennial Pink to purple Pink to purple

flowers, on the tips flowers, on the tips of stem branchesof stem branches

Floral bracts tipped with Floral bracts tipped with dark fringedark fringe

Class B Noxious Weed

Sulfur CinquefoilSulfur Cinquefoil((Potentilla recta)Potentilla recta)

Class B Noxious Weed

Other Priority Invasive Other Priority Invasive Weeds in the MidForkWeeds in the MidFork

Himalayan BlackberryHimalayan Blackberry((Rubus armeniacus, R. discolorRubus armeniacus, R. discolor) )

Evergreen BlackberryEvergreen Blackberry((Rubus laciniatusRubus laciniatus))

http://www.biopix.dk

http://www.nic.funet.fi

Good Guy Look-Alike:Good Guy Look-Alike:Native Trailing Blackberry (Native Trailing Blackberry (Rubus ursinusRubus ursinus))

Bohemian KnotweedBohemian Knotweed((Polygonum bohemicumPolygonum bohemicum))

Stems tend to zig zag Flower clusters are upright along stems

Scotch Broom (Scotch Broom (Cytisus scopariusCytisus scoparius))

Butterfly Bush (Butterfly Bush (Buddleia davidiiBuddleia davidii))

Leaves gray green above and white and Leaves gray green above and white and fuzzy on the underside, finely toothed on fuzzy on the underside, finely toothed on marginsmargins

Can grow 5 to 8 feet in a single seasonCan grow 5 to 8 feet in a single season

Butterfly Bush (Butterfly Bush (Buddleia davidiiBuddleia davidii))

Butterfly bush has invaded along the Tolt RiverButterfly bush has invaded along the Tolt River

Seedlings Seedlings thrive in open thrive in open sandy soilsandy soil

Canada Thistle (Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvenseCirsium arvense))

European Mountain-ashEuropean Mountain-ash((Sorbus aucupariaSorbus aucuparia))

Native Mountain-ash (Native Mountain-ash (Sorbus sitchensisSorbus sitchensis))

English Holly (English Holly (Ilex aquifoliumIlex aquifolium))

Tree 15 to 50 feet tall and Tree 15 to 50 feet tall and 15 feet wide15 feet wide

Bark smooth and grayBark smooth and gray

Leaves glossy, persistent, Leaves glossy, persistent, dark green, wavy and dark green, wavy and spinyspiny

Flowers are small and Flowers are small and whitewhite

Berries are bright red or Berries are bright red or orange and found in small orange and found in small bundles like the flowersbundles like the flowers

Yellow ArchangelYellow ArchangelLamiastrum galeobdolon Lamiastrum galeobdolon (a.k.a.(a.k.a. Lamium Lamium))

Small yellow mint-type Small yellow mint-type flowers in leaf axilsflowers in leaf axils Slivery markings on leaves of this popular garden Slivery markings on leaves of this popular garden

plant make it easy to spot invading into shady forestsplant make it easy to spot invading into shady forests

Yellow Flag IrisYellow Flag Iris ((Iris pseudacorusIris pseudacorus))

Class C Noxious Weed – Control Not Required

Loose leaf sheath

LargeLargeliguleligule

Reed Canarygrass (Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinaceaPhalaris arundinacea)) Tall rhizomatous Tall rhizomatous

grass, 3 to 6 feetgrass, 3 to 6 feet Sturdy, hollow Sturdy, hollow

stems, sometimes stems, sometimes reddish near topreddish near top

Loose leaf sheathLoose leaf sheath Leaf blades flat, no Leaf blades flat, no

hairs, to ¾ inch widehairs, to ¾ inch wide Large liguleLarge ligule Leaves come off Leaves come off

stem at 45 degree stem at 45 degree angleangle

Other Common Weeds and Garden Other Common Weeds and Garden Escapees Present but not SurveyedEscapees Present but not Surveyed

(too pervasive for control or not of immediate concern)(too pervasive for control or not of immediate concern)

Bull ThistleBull Thistle Common FoxgloveCommon Foxglove Herb Robert/Robert’s GeraniumHerb Robert/Robert’s Geranium Common St. JohnswortCommon St. Johnswort Oxeye DaisyOxeye Daisy Creeping ButtercupCreeping Buttercup Hawksbeard, Hairy Cat’s Ear and Common Hawksbeard, Hairy Cat’s Ear and Common

DandelionDandelion Other Weeds and Garden EscapeesOther Weeds and Garden Escapees

Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgare)Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgare)

Large spines on stems, leaves and under the flower head

Foxglove (Foxglove (Digitalis purpureaDigitalis purpurea))

http://www.hlasek.com

Herb Robert (a.k.a. Stinky Bob)Herb Robert (a.k.a. Stinky Bob)

St. Johnswort (St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatumHypericum perforatum))

Oxeye Daisy (Oxeye Daisy (Leucanthemum vulgareLeucanthemum vulgare))

Creeping Buttercup (Creeping Buttercup (Ranunculus repensRanunculus repens))

Hawksbeard (Hawksbeard (Crepis capillarisCrepis capillaris))

Cat’s Ear or False Dandelion Cat’s Ear or False Dandelion ((Hypochaeris radicataHypochaeris radicata))

Nipplewort (Nipplewort (Lapsana communisLapsana communis))

Wall Lettuce (Wall Lettuce (Lactuca muralisLactuca muralis))

Prickly Lettuce (Lactuca serriola)Prickly Lettuce (Lactuca serriola)

http://sanangelo.tamu.edu/agronomy

Woodland Groundsel (Woodland Groundsel (Senecio sylvaticusSenecio sylvaticus))

Curly Dock (Curly Dock (Rumex crispusRumex crispus))

Reddish or greenish flowers in a long, Reddish or greenish flowers in a long, slender, branching cluster at the top of a slender, branching cluster at the top of a stem bearing leaves with very wavy marginsstem bearing leaves with very wavy margins

Periwinkle (Periwinkle (Vinca minorVinca minor))

http://www.aphotoflora.com

http://hflp.sdstate.edu/ho311/outdoor_images

Russian ComfreyRussian Comfrey((Symphytum Symphytum X X uplandicum uplandicum oror S. peregrinum) S. peregrinum)

Queen Anne’s Lace (Queen Anne’s Lace (Daucus carotaDaucus carota))

Noxious Weeds threatening to Noxious Weeds threatening to Invade (present nearby)Invade (present nearby)

Orange Hawkweed (fields, roadsides)Orange Hawkweed (fields, roadsides) Common Hawkweed (roadsides)Common Hawkweed (roadsides) Sulfur Cinquefoil (roadsides)Sulfur Cinquefoil (roadsides) Dalmatian Toadflax (roadsides)Dalmatian Toadflax (roadsides) Yellow Toadflax (roads and trails)Yellow Toadflax (roads and trails)

Orange HawkweedOrange Hawkweed ((Hieracium aurantiacumHieracium aurantiacum))

• Flowers orange, Flowers orange, in tight clustersin tight clusters• Stems leafless Stems leafless with black hairswith black hairs• From a few From a few inches to 2 feet tallinches to 2 feet tall• Reproduces by Reproduces by seed and runnersseed and runners• Bolts: May-JuneBolts: May-June• Flowers: Late Flowers: Late May to Sep/OctMay to Sep/Oct• Seeds: Late Seeds: Late June to Fall June to Fall

Class B Noxious Weed

Common HawkweedCommon Hawkweed((Hieracium lachenalii)Hieracium lachenalii)

Leaves Leaves coarsely coarsely toothedtoothed

Leaves larger at Leaves larger at base and base and smaller up the smaller up the stemstem

Flower heads Flower heads more loosely more loosely clustered than clustered than yellow yellow hawkweedhawkweed

No stolonsNo stolons Bolts in MayBolts in May Flowering May Flowering May

to Augustto August

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Hieracium_species

Class C Noxious Weed – Control Required

Dalmatian Toadflax (Dalmatian Toadflax (Linaria dalmaticaLinaria dalmatica)) Leaves bluish-green Leaves bluish-green

with waxy coating, with waxy coating, heart-shapedheart-shaped

Flowers bright yellow Flowers bright yellow tinged with orange, tinged with orange, like snapdragon like snapdragon flowersflowers

Bolts: April-Bolts: April-JuneJune

Flowers: Flowers: May-SeptMay-Sept

Seeds: Aug-Seeds: Aug-SeptSept

Class B Noxious Weed

Yellow Toadflax (Yellow Toadflax (Linaria vulgarisLinaria vulgaris))

Perennial, 1 to 2.5 feet tall

Flowers yellow, smaller than Dalmatian flowers

May to September Leaves: Small,

narrow, linear, pale green

Class C Noxious Weed – Control Not Required

King County Noxious Weed King County Noxious Weed Control Program WebsiteControl Program Website

www.kingcounty.gov/weedsWeed Photo Page:

Search by Common Name or Latin Name

Click thumbnail picture of plant

Survey ProceduresSurvey Procedures

MapsMaps

Can be downloaded from USGS website Can be downloaded from USGS website or bought from hiking storesor bought from hiking stores Mark can tell you which maps are needed for Mark can tell you which maps are needed for

each traileach trail If possible, mark surveyed area and If possible, mark surveyed area and

weeds on map as accurately as possibleweeds on map as accurately as possible Aerials can be used also (we can print Aerials can be used also (we can print

them out for you) but not that great for them out for you) but not that great for forested areasforested areas

Survey FormSurvey Form Fill out one form for each trail or area surveyedFill out one form for each trail or area surveyed

One form can cover more than one survey dateOne form can cover more than one survey date

Description of area surveyed, directions, notesDescription of area surveyed, directions, notes This will help us find the area to control the weeds This will help us find the area to control the weeds

and to map the surveyed area on GISand to map the surveyed area on GIS

Weed check listWeed check list Mark off what you find on the trailMark off what you find on the trail Add any additional non-native species foundAdd any additional non-native species found

• In the notes section or on the end of the check listIn the notes section or on the end of the check list Take photos of any uncertain IDs or unknown species Take photos of any uncertain IDs or unknown species

(also known species if you have the time and interest)(also known species if you have the time and interest)

Survey LogSurvey Log Fill out as many as needed each day you surveyFill out as many as needed each day you survey

Separate forms for each trail or roadSeparate forms for each trail or road Staple logs to back of survey formStaple logs to back of survey form Can use field notebooks instead with same data Can use field notebooks instead with same data

collectedcollected Running list of weed sites in order foundRunning list of weed sites in order found

Note distance from start or an obvious landmarkNote distance from start or an obvious landmark• Use landmarks that can be seen on an aerial or mapUse landmarks that can be seen on an aerial or map• Can use distance from last weed site but this isn’t as good as Can use distance from last weed site but this isn’t as good as

distance from startdistance from start GPS point (if available)GPS point (if available)

Weed nameWeed name Can abbreviate with first three letters of genus and Can abbreviate with first three letters of genus and

first three letters of speciesfirst three letters of species

Survey Log, continuedSurvey Log, continued Growth StageGrowth Stage

In flower, setting seed, or just green and growingIn flower, setting seed, or just green and growing HabitatHabitat

Type of place it is growing in (to help find the plant Type of place it is growing in (to help find the plant and also to plan how to control it)and also to plan how to control it)

Total Infested Area (square feet)Total Infested Area (square feet) Estimate distance by pacing areaEstimate distance by pacing area Put patches separated by 100 feet or more on Put patches separated by 100 feet or more on

separate linesseparate lines Percent CoverPercent Cover

Estimate % of the infested area that is covered by the Estimate % of the infested area that is covered by the weed as seen from aboveweed as seen from above

NotesNotes Any other observationsAny other observations Whether photos were takenWhether photos were taken

What We NeedWhat We Need

Survey form, logs, marked map all Survey form, logs, marked map all bundled together for each trailbundled together for each trail

GPS data files if you have themGPS data files if you have them Photos of weeds found (especially Photos of weeds found (especially

unknown or uncertain weeds, digital files unknown or uncertain weeds, digital files or prints if not digital)or prints if not digital)

Your stories and experiences (hopefully all Your stories and experiences (hopefully all good!)good!)

Where to Send Stuff and Get FormsWhere to Send Stuff and Get Forms

Mail paper forms to:Mail paper forms to: Sasha ShawSasha Shaw

King County Noxious Weed ProgramKing County Noxious Weed Program201 S. Jackson St., Suite 600201 S. Jackson St., Suite 600Seattle WA 98104Seattle WA 98104

Email digital files to:Email digital files to: sasha.shaw@kingcounty.govsasha.shaw@kingcounty.gov

Get forms from Sasha or download from:Get forms from Sasha or download from: www.kingcounty.gov/weedswww.kingcounty.gov/weeds

• Follow links to Volunteer Information/MidFork ProjectFollow links to Volunteer Information/MidFork Project

Questions?Questions? Call Sasha at 206-263-6468Call Sasha at 206-263-6468

Sasha ShawSasha Shaw King County Noxious Weed ProgramKing County Noxious Weed Program

201 South Jackson St, Suite 600201 South Jackson St, Suite 600Seattle, WA 98104Seattle, WA 98104

206-263-6468206-263-6468sasha.shaw@kingcounty.govsasha.shaw@kingcounty.govwww.kingcounty.gov/weeds www.kingcounty.gov/weeds