midterm review 28-29/05/2015 peter novotny early stage researcher 3.2, work package 3

Midterm Review 28-29/05/2015

Peter NOVOTNYEarly Stage Researcher 3.2,

Work Package 3

2

ESR3.2, WP3 /

Contract start date: 1st April 2014

PACMAN subject: Seismic sensor development and vibration characterisation

PhD title: Measurement of sub-nanometer displacements for mechanical positioning

PhD Institution: University of Savoy

Secondments: LAPP (7M), DMP (3M)

CERN Supervisor Andrea Gaddi

Academic supervisor Bernard Caron, Laurent Brunetti

Industry supervisors Ignacio Zuzuarregui

Peter NOVOTNY, ESR3.2PACMAN Mid-term review 28-29/05/2015

Basic facts

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Background /


Master’s thesis

Work during my studies:

• Database developer• System engineer

Signal processing in low coherence interferometry

Before PACMAN:• Monte Carlo simulations in electron microscopy

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PhD thesis /

Title: Measurement of sub-nanometer displacements for mechanical positioning.

Objective: To improve seismic sensor resolution in useful bandwidth

Start date: 1st April 2014

Credits required / Already obtained: 36/26 12 credits have to be from university University courses will be taken following semesters

Status: Investigating possibilities of sensor improvement. Characterisation and summary of State Of The Art (SOTA) sensors.


University of Savoy, Annecy, France

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Project /

Seismic sensor development and vibration characterisation

Why seismic sensors in PACMAN?

Ground is shaking all the time even if we don’t see or feel it.

Place in PACMAN


Micro seismic

peak

Cultural noise

Nano-meters!

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Project /

Vibration characterisation of PACMAN bench When measuring beam position with nm resolution we need to know

how a ground motion propagates through the bench and influence our measurements.

Therefore we want to measure ground motion at different positions of the bench.

Place in PACMAN


Seismic sensors

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Project /Medium-term objectives

Characterize the seismic sensors available on the market and those developed by laboratories

compare their sensitivity, self-noise and bandwidth.

Identify the sensor to be developed inside the PACMAN project.

Manufacturing and characterization of the developed sensor.

Integration within the PACMAN bench.

Objectives


Main objective:

• To improve existing sensor or develop a new one according to PACMAN's specific requirements.

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Project /

Tasks description


Definition of the requirements

Investigation of different technologies

and SOTA

CLIC BDS requirements

Improve/build prototype to answer the requirements

CLIC QD0 requirements

PACMAN requirements

Comparison of SOTA and sensors developed at LAPP

Choice of a sensor for PACMAN

Definition of procedure for sensors characterization

BDS = Beam Delivery SystemQD0 = Final focus quadrupole

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Project /

Four phases:

1. Training and familiarization With whole project, seismic sensors, data acquisition

and processing.

2. Validation and characterization of the SOTA (current) Measurements of sensor parameters. Investigation of various development possibilities.

Electronics, mechanics, transducers, low noise data acquisition,…

3. Upgrade or new sensor development. Evaluation and comparison with industrial SOTA sensors.

4. Integration to PACMAN bench and industrialization.

Methodology followed


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Project / Requirements to PACMAN sensor parameters Bandwidth = 0.1Hz – ≈200 Hz Resolution ≤ 0.1nm (rms@1Hz) Stray magnetic fields resistance Dynamic range ≥ 80dB Weight < few kg & compact size

Requirements


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State of the art /

Different types of sensors for different use:• Natural ground motion measurement (tides, micro seism)

• Building, structural monitoring

• Earthquakes and moonquakes monitoring

• Oil and gas exploration

• Particle accelerators

• …


Geophones

Seismometers

Piezoelectric accelerometers

MEMSaccelerometers

Force balanced optical accelerometers

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State of the art /

Main parameters considered: self-noise, sensitivity & bandwidth.


Limitationsfor PACMAN

Seismometers Noise Sensitivity× Bandwidth

PZT Accelerometers Bandwidth Sensitivity× Noise at low

frequencies

Geophones Noise× Sensitivity× Bandwidth

MEMS accelerometers Bandwidth Sensitivity× Noise

Most interesting candidateForce Balanced optical

accelerometers Bandwidth Sensitivity≈ Noise

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Research gap /

High resolution seismic sensor for required bandwidth.

Theoretical vs. measured noise values for various transducers.

Different interferometers for seismic sensors: Their implementation possibilities. Pros, cons and limitations.


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Project /

Procedure for sensor’s self-noise measurement:

Results


Familiarization with acquisition HW and SW

Actual measurement and data acquisition

Calculation of Power Spectral Density (PSD)

Comparison with theory & values measured by LAPP

If match

Finished

Detecting problem

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Project /

Results


Measuring and processing chain for sensor characterization.

PSD

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Project /

Results


Ground motion displacement PSD

Main problem is background signal!

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Project /

Results


Measuring noise with background signal• Mass locking vs. corrected difference

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Project /

Results


Self-noise - theory vs. real measurement.

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Project /

Investigation of improvement possibilities: Modification of PZT dimensions to increase sensitivity. Using MBQ as seismic mass. Molecular Electronic Transducers (MET). Noise reduction in MEMS accelerometers.

Results


Linear EncoderInterferometer

Implementation of interferometer, Fibre Bragg Grating or linear optical encoder.

Expensive, complex but very good resolution.

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Training /


• Secondment at LAPP, France. • 7 months. • Measurement and characterization of seismic sensors.• Low noise data acquisition. • Seismic data processing.

Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules

Desarrollos Mecánicos de Precisión

• Secondment at DMP, Spain • 3 months - currently ongoing.• Training in high precision mechanics.• High precision assembly, measurement and adjustment

techniques.

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Training /

Network wide activities:• Team building• Metrology training • CATIA Smarteam basics • Training on FSI


Academic training lecture:• LHC Beam instrumentationWebinars:• Vibration transducers by• Data acquisition + vibrations measurement by

Transferable skills:• Making presentations• French language course• Communication for CERN Guides• Safety awareness

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Networking Opportunities /

- seismological laboratory in Grenoble, FR: Introduced basics of seismological activities and measurements. Offered measurement of sensor parameters

for results comparison.


- Producer of interferometric seismometers, Austin, USA:

• Provided sensors evaluation kits in exchange for testing.• Promising candidate.

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Conferences & workshops:

• CLIC workshop, 26-30.1.2015• Attended topics related to measurements of ground motion

and sensor development.

Outreach &Dissemination /


• PACMAN workshop, 02-04.02.2015• Presentation of my subject.• Discussions with experts.

Dissemination:• Introducing PACMAN project to ISTerre laboratory

(FR) and Silicon Audio company (USA)Outreach:• Became an official CERN guide

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Impact /

CERN is a great place to improve knowledge of various technologies involved in particle accelerators.

Gaining practical experiences in measurement, data acquisition and processing.

Improving chances to became a researcher in field of particle accelerators or similar.

Professional contacts and friendships.


Midterm Review 28-29/05/2015

Thank you for your attention

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Project/


Dumped harmonic oscillator

Sensor working principle Characterized by parameters like:

• Bandwidth• Sensitivity

• Resolution• Dynamic range

Ground motion

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Project /

Requirements to PACMAN sensor parameters Bandwidth = 0.1Hz – ≈200 Hz

Below 0.1Hz – orbit feedback. High frequencies attenuated.

Resolution ≤ 0.1nm (rms@1Hz) Which means high sensitivity and low self-noise. Derived from required stability for BDS which is ≤ 1nm@1Hz rms.

Needed for preservation of low beam emittance (spread).

Stray magnetic fields resistance Different mg. field on the ground and on the magnets. Radiation resistance (for BDS).

Dynamic range ≥ 80dB From 0.1nm to 1µm <- given by GM at different accelerators sites.

Weight < few kg & compact size to fit inside the PACMAN bench

Requirements


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Transducers

Types of transducers: Resistive Capacitive Piezoelectric, piezo-rezistive LVDT - Linear Variable Differential Transformer Optical (Interferometers, encoders) Elmg. – coil + magnet Eddy current …


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Power Spectral Density (PSD)of ground motion

PSD to RMS


Ground Motion in frequency domain

RMS of ground motion

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Noise sources


Sources of noise in seismic sensors:• Thermomechanical (Brownian) noise• Molecular collisions with mass

• Thermoelectrical (Johnson) noise• Random thermal excitation of charge carriers

• Other semiconductor electronic noise• Schottky noise• Flicker 1/f noise

• Discretisation noise• ADC converters

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Theoretical nosiecomparison


ProducerModel name

Noise[um*s-2/Hz1/2]

Endevco 860.52 @0.5Hz, 0.39 @1Hz, 0.11 @10Hz,0.04 @100Hz

bb rms 1um*s-2

Endevco 873.4 @0.1Hz, 0.9 @1Hz, 0.25 @10Hz, 0.1 @100Hz

bb rms <4um*s-2

Wilcoxon 731A 0.3 @2Hz, 0.1 @10Hz, 0.04 @100HzDYTRAN 3191A1 3.0 @1Hz, 1.5 @10Hz, 6.0 @100HzMMF KB12VD 0.6 @1HzBrüel & Kjær 8340 14.7 @0.1Hz, 14.7 @55Hz, 0.5@300HzKinemetrics ES-U2 0.6DJB Instruments

IEPE A/1800 480@1Hz, 230 @10Hz, 2.5 @100Hz

PCB 393B31 0.6 @1Hz, 0.1 @10Hz, 0.04 @100HzCOLIBRYS SF1600S.A 3 in 0.1-100Hz BWREF TEK 131A-02/BH 2

Sercel DSU3-428 0.4 (10 – 200Hz)

Metrozet TSA-100S rms 0.22@1Hz, rms 0.2@10Hz, rms 0.7@100HzULN PE accl. - 6 @0.1Hz, [email protected], 0.37 @1Hz, 0.07@10Hz, 0.03@100Hz

mailto:0.22@1Hz

mailto:0.2@10Hz

midterm review 28-29/05/2015 peter novotny early stage researcher 3.2, work package 3

Documents

pacman project

pacman peter novotny

pacman midterm review

pacman subject

pacman definition of

seismic sensor resolution

developed sensor

background peter novotny