migration in west africa– governance and links to labour markets oecd and undp – dakar 25 march...
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Migration in West Africa– Governance and Links to Labour MarketsOECD and UNDP – Dakar
25 March 2010
Lead into the Workshop: The Governance of Migration
Abla SafirPoverty Reduction and Social Development Unit
OECD Development Centre
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Outline
• Presentation of the Effective Partnerships Project• Governance of Migration: Definition and Issues• The Different Levels of the Governance of Migration• Problematic Evaluation of Specific Policies
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The Effective Partnerships Project
• A project on migration funded by the MacArthur Foundation
• Thematic and regional focus– Themes: Governance and Links to Labour Markets– Regions: Central America and West Africa
• Particular interest in topics seldom covered– Impact of emigration on sending countries’ labour markets– South-South migration
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The Governance of Migration
• Governance of Migration : how formal and informal rules are created, managed and enforced, setting constraints and incentives on migration and migration-induced flows
• Governance at all levels: from global to national
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Global Governance of Migration
• WMO difficult to set in theory
• Governments, in particular in receiving countries, very reluctant to holding multilateral negotiations on migration
• Consensus on some issues
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Regional Governance of Migration
• The natural institutions to manage migration? – Regional and extra-regional migration?
• In the regions we study:– Central America: Regional Conference on Migration– West Africa: a lot of ambition but little success in managing
intra-regional migration (OECD 2009)
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Is South-South Migration Better Managed than South-North Migration?
• South country in better position to negotiate with another South country?– Cultural / identity issues easier to solve?– But workers more likely to be substitutes than in the case of South-
North migration? • Historically, examples of bad governance of South-South
migration
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Bilateral Agreements - South-North Migration
• The favourite tool of receiving countries
• Seemingly little bargaining power of sending countries
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Impact of Migration Policies: What do we know?
• Lack of information on the impact of specific policies– Lack of data – Lack of ex-ante designs to allow for impact evaluation of
policies• The little we know:
– Restrictive policies seem to decrease immigration– In Central America: NAFTA and more border controls have limited
impact– Permanent migration programme from Tonga to New Zealand
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An example: temporary and circular migration
• Much ado with no information?
• An exception: McKenzie and Gibson (2008) examine the poverty impact of a seasonal migration program for low-skilled in New Zealand
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www.oecd.org/dev/migration
25 March 2010
Migration in West Africa– Governance and Links to Labour MarketsOECD and UNDP – Dakar
We look forward to an informative
workshop!