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Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area Gouvernance territoriale, diversité culturelle et développement durable dans l’espace rural Mihai Pascaru Alba Iulia University, Romania

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Page 1: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania

Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversityand Sustainable Development in the Rural Area

Gouvernance territoriale, diversité culturelle et développement durable dans l’espace rural

Mihai PascaruAlba Iulia University, Romania

 

Page 2: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania

Concepts / Concepts

Our starting point is the best known definition of sustainable development, the one provided by the World Commission for Environment and Development (WCED), in the report „Our Common Future” published in 1987:

„Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.

Le point de départ de notre recherche est représenté par la définition la plus connue qui ait été accordée au développement durable, à savoir celle de la Commission Mondiale pour l’Environnement et le Développement (WCED), formulée dans le rapport „Notre Avenir” datant de 1987:

„Le développement durable est le développement qui concerne la satisfaction des besoins du présent, sans compromettre la possibilité des générations futures de satisfaire à l’avenir leurs propres besoins” .

Page 3: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania

Sustainable development, according to Girardot, it is based on three principles, validated by numerous moral and political instances at the global level: 1) the participation; 2) a global approach; 3) partnership. (Girardot, 2005).

Le développement durable, écrit Girardot, est fondé sur trois principes validés par de nombreuses instances morales et politiques manifestes à l’échelle planétaire: 1) la participation; 2) l’approche globale 3) le partenariat. (Girardot, 2005).

Page 4: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania

We intend to pay special attention in our paper to the principle of participation.

According to Somesh Kumar, participation plays a central role in the theory and practice of development: „development can not be sustainable and long-lasting if only the people participation is part of the development process”. (Kumar, 2007, p. 23).

Dans notre présentation, nous avons l’intention d’accorder une attention particulière au principe de la participation.

Pour Somesh Kumar, la participation occupe une place centrale dans la théorie et la pratique du développement: „le développement elle ne peut pas être durable sans la participation des gens dans le processus de la développement lui-même” (Kumar, 2007, p. 23).

Page 5: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania

In view of the above, our fundamental research hypothesis is that participation is determined by the cultural values of the community, especially those which define ethnic identification and/ or religious affiliation. (Pascaru, Buţiu, 2009).

Par rapport à toutes les précisions ci-dessus faites, notre hypothèse fondamentale est celle que la participation est déterminée par les valeurs culturelles de la communauté, tout particulièrement par celles qui définissent l’appartenance ethnique et/ ou l’affiliation religieuse. (Pascaru, Buţiu, 2009).

Page 6: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania

The territorial governance / La gouvernance territoriale

The territorial governance can be define as sustainable administration and solution of the specific problems of a territory.

It should be, essentially, a participation governance.

La gouvernance territoriale peut être defini comme la gestion et solution durables des problemes specifiques pour un territoire.

Elle doit être, essentialement, un gouvernance participative.

Page 7: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania

Surviving culture and developing culture. Some indicators

Survivingculture

Developingculture

The exclusive intervention of the state +

_

Positive representations of a community project’s chances of success

_ +

Critical attitude _ +

Direct participation in the decision meetings

_ +

Page 8: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania

Research area and the sampleL’espace de la recherche et l’échantillon

Our paper is based on a series of research carried out in the micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, county of Alba, Romania.

The research sample consisted of 366 inhabitants, out of which 57.7% Romanians, 40.4% Hungarians and 1.9% Rroma, which actually reflected the multicultural structure of the microregion.

Notre presentation est fondé sur une série d’enquêtes entreprises dans la microrégion Livezile-Rimetea, dans le département de Alba, en Roumanie.

L’échantillon constitué au niveau de la microrégion Livezile-Rimetea comprenait 366 habitants, dont 57,7% Roumains, 40,4% Hongrois et 1,9% Tziganes, ce qui rendait exactement compte de la structure multiculturelle de la microrégion en question.

Page 9: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania
Page 10: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania

Results / Résultats

At the level of our sample, 47.5% of our respondents appreciated that a major problem in the village is represented by roads, 19,7% by the water and sewage system, 4.9% unemployment and 2,7% waste management.

 

Au niveau de notre échantillon, 47,5% des personnes répondaient que le problème majeur du village était celui des routes, 19,7% l’eau et les égouts, 4,9% l’absence des emplois et 2,7% la gestion des déchets.

Page 11: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania

Considering the factors that might be involved in solving local problems, 86% of the respondents declared themselves totally or partially in agreement with the exclusive intervention of the state.

En ce qui concerne les facteurs qui pourraient s’impliquer dans la résolution des problèmes locaux, 86% des sujets déclaraient leur accord total ou partiel par rapport à l’intervention exclusive de l’État.

The belief in the inhabitants’ chance of becoming sole agents of local problems resolution was expressed by of the 57,7% respondents.

La confiance dans la chance des habitants d’être des agents uniques de la résolution des problèmes locaux a été exprimée par 57,7% des sujets.

Page 12: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania

The factors that might be involved in solving local problems (%)

The exclusive intervention of the state

The inhabitants’ chance of becoming

agents

Romanians 88,2 55

Hungarians 84,5 63,5

Page 13: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania

Positive representations of a community project’s chances of success, could also represent, in our opinion, support for local development on the basis of projects. 79.3% of our respondents considered that a project could be successfully carried out whereas 12.8% believed that it could not be successful.

Les représentations positives sur les chances de réussite d’un projet communautaire peuvent être aussi, à notre avis, un appui donné au développement local à base de projet. 79,3% des personnes ayant répondu à nos questions estimaient qu’un projet pourrait être mené à bonne fin, tandis que 12,8% pensaient qu’un projet ne pourrait pas être achevé.

 

 

Page 14: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania

Positive representations of a community project’s chances of success (%)

Les représentations positives sur les chances de réussite d’un projet (%)

A project could be successfully carried out

A project could not be successfully carried out

Romanians 80,1 12,3

Hungarians 78,4 13,5

Page 15: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania

Another topic of our research was represented by critical attitude. 55.2% of the respondents declared that they were dissatisfied with

the quality of some public works in the village by the public authorities.

 L'attitude critique a constituée une autre thème de nos

investigations.

55,2% des personnes interviewées déclaraient leur mécontentement par rapport à la qualité de certains travaux publics entrepris dans leur village par les les autorités publiques.

Page 16: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania

Dissatisfied with the quality of some public works in the village YES NO

Romanians 47,9 52,1

Hungarians 64,9 35,1

Critical attitude / Attitude critique (%)

Page 17: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania

As far as information on authorities decisions is concerned, 11.2% of respondents declared: from direct participation in the decision meetings.

En ce qui concerne l’information au sujet des décisions prises par la Mairie et le Conseil Local, 11,2% des personnes interviewées ont répondu qu’elles s’informaient par leur participation directe aux séances des décisions

 

Page 18: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania

Direct participation in the City Hall (Local Council) meetings YES NO

Romanians 9,4 90,6

Hungarians 11,7 88,3

Information on local authorities decisions (%)L’information au sujet des décisions prises

des autorités locales (%)

Page 19: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania

Summary table / Tableu synthetic (%)

INDICATORSSurvivingculture

Developingculture

The exclusive intervention of the state Romanians _

Positive representations of a community project’s chances of success

Romanians Hungarians

Critical attitude _ Hungarians

Direct participation in the decision meetings Romanians Hungarians

Page 20: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania

Conclusion

There, where we have a territory characterized by cultural diversity, the governance should firstly stimulate the initiatives of those communities which are strongly linked with the developing culture.

Partout où nous avons un territoire caracterisé par la diversité culturale, la gouvernance devrait premierement stimuler les initiatives des ces communautés qui sont fortment liées á la culture de development.

Page 21: Mihai PASCARU-PAG: Territorial Governance, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development in the Rural Area. Research on the Micro-region Livezile-Rimetea, Alba County, Romania