mikrobiologi diagnostik
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DIAGNOSIS LABORATORIUM UNTUK INFEKSI BAKTERI
Dr ROSLAILI RASYID M.Biomed
![Page 2: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Prosedur laboratorium untuk diagnosis etiologi penyakit infeksi1. Mikroskopis langsung
melalui pengecatan/pewarnaan spesimen dan meng identifikasi mikroorganisme secara morfologis
2. Biakan/kultur3. Tes Serologi 4. Diagnosis molekuler ,Hibridisasi DNA-DNA
atau DNA-RNA untuk deteksi adanya gen-gen spesifik patogen dari spesimen pasien
![Page 3: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Komunikasi dokter -laboratorium
• Penyebab infeksi sangat beragam tergantung pada gejala klinis dan jenis m.o penyebabnya; bakteri,virus,jamur,parasit
• Tidak ada satupun uji yang memungkinkan untuk isolasi atau karakterisasi semua m.o patogen
• Sangat dibutuhkan informasi klinis atau diagnostik sementara
![Page 4: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Bagaimana cara mendapatkan hasil yang
baik ?_ Untuk mendapatkan Diagnosa laboratorium yang baik dari suatu spesimen tergantung kepada beberapa hal yang penting;
1. CARA PENGAMBILAN SPESIMEN2. CARA PENGIRIMAN SPESIMEN3. CARA PENYIMPANAN SPESIMEN4. TEKNIK/CARA KERJA DI LABORATORIUM
![Page 5: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Spesimen Spesimen tidak lagi representatif bila
mikroorganisme bermultiplikasi selama pengumpulan, pengiriman atau penyimpanan
![Page 6: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
PEMILIHAN SPESIMEN SPUTUM URINE DARAH LUKA, ABSES, EKSUDAT (PUS) FESES/USAPAN REKTUM USAPAN SEKRET VAGINA /URETRA Lain - lain
![Page 7: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
SPUTUMBukan saliva !!!Bangun tidur – early morning sputumberkumur – batuk dalamContainer steril
![Page 8: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cara pengumpulan spesimen urine
1. Mid stream urine ( Clean catch urine ) - urine pertama di pagi hari - spesimen dikumpulkan di pertengahan urine
dikeluarkan
![Page 9: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cara pengambilan urine kateter
![Page 10: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Urine supra pubic puncture
![Page 11: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Volume darah • Bayi : 1-3 ml.• Anak-anak: 3-5
ml • Dewasa:10-20 ml
![Page 12: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
SPESIMEN SALURAN CERNA
• Spesimen feses • Usap rectal
(rectal swab) • medium transport
Carry-Blair
![Page 13: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Lembar permintaan pemeriksaan mikrobiologi Nama lengkap pasienUmur dan jenis kelamin pasienNomor catatan medik pasienNama dokter pengirimAlamat lengkap rumah sakit atau dokter pengirimDeskripsi singkat dan jelas asal spesimenTanggal dan jam pengambilan spesimenDiagnosis atau keadaan klinis pasien saat pengambilan spesimenPermintaan pemeriksaan laboratorium mikobiologiAntibiotika yang telah diberikan
![Page 14: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
1. MIKROSKOPIS LANGSUNG
• Bakteri spesifik yang ada pada spesimen, untuk dapat terlihat langsung dibawah mikroskop minimal jumlahnya ada 105 /ml
• Dapat membantu diagnosis cepat untuk bakteri spesifik seperti : -Neisseria gonorhoe,Neisseria meningitidis pada pewarnaan Gram: diplococcus Gram negatif-Mycobacterium tuberculosis dan M.leprae pada pewarnaan Ziehl Neelsen: BTA positif
![Page 15: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
![Page 16: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
diplococcus Gram negatif
![Page 17: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
2. Biakan / kultur• Memakai media agar :
-media cair ; untuk perbenihan- media padat : tumbuh koloni !
![Page 18: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Media pertumbuhan mikroorganisme adalah suatu bahan yang terdiri dari campuran zat-zat makanan (nutrisi) yang diperlukan mikroorganisme untuk pertumbuhannya.
![Page 19: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Media (cair,padat,semisolid)
![Page 21: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Anaerobic Culture Methods
Figure 6.5
![Page 22: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Streak plate method of isolation
![Page 24: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Identifikasi koloni kuman
![Page 27: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Uji lanjutan dari koloni tersangka
• Reaksi biokimia; - Tes fermentase gula
- tes motilitas- methil red,
VP,citrat dll• Tes oksidase• Tes katalase
![Page 29: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
BIOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
![Page 30: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Tes fermentasi gula
![Page 31: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Tes Biokimia
Tes Niacin (+) : M. tbc Reduksi Nitrat (+) : M. tbc
Tes Katalase : (+) → sensitif INH
![Page 34: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
3. Tes serologis• ELISA Test for Serologic Diagnosis
![Page 35: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Latex Aglutination
![Page 36: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
•4. Diagnosis molekuler
![Page 37: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
RESISTENSI BAKTERI
SENSITIVITY TEST
![Page 38: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
2. Metode Disk Difusi
1. Metode Dilusi
![Page 40: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Resistensi /sensitivity tes
![Page 41: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/587758541a28ab0e6f8b6cfa/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Robert kochthe nobel prize in 1905