mikrotik routeros workshop qos best practice - mum

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© MikroTik 2008 M ik ro Tik R o u te rOS W orkshop Qo S B e st P ractice Chicago,IL MUM USA 2008

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Page 1: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008

M ik r o T i k R o u t e rO S W o r k s h o pQ o S B e s t P r a c t i c e

Chicago,ILMUM USA 2008

Page 2: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 2

PlanDiscuss best QoS practice for

Large scale user speed limitationsPrioritization of traffic based on traffic type

Implement best practice

You will be able to follow the progress – just connect to SSID “QoS” and open up the Winbox to address 10.1.1.254 (default user name and password)

Page 3: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 3

User Limitation

~40 Mbps

T3/E3 line

●You have more than 400 clients●Task:●Divide clients into 3 groups

● Business (4Mbps/1Mbps) connection

● Standard (750kbps/250kbps) connection

● Basic (375kbps/125kbps) connection

Page 4: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 4

Simple Queue For Each ClientEach simple queue creates 3 separate queues:

One in global-in (“direct” part)One in Global-out (“reverse” part)One in Global-total (“total” part)

Simple queues are ordered - similar to firewall rules

further down = longer packet processingfurther down = smaller chance to get traffic

(necessary to reduce number of queues)

Page 5: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 5

Possible SolutionsRouterOS have 4 queue types:

FIFO – First In First Out (for Bytes or for Packets)RED – Random Early Detect (or Drop)SFQ – Stochastic Fairness Queuing PCQ – Per Connection Queuing (MikroTik Proprietary)

Firewall Mangle and Address-listsQueue Tree

Page 6: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 6

Default Queue Types

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Page 9: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

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SFQBehaviour:

Based on hash value from source and destination address SFQ divides traffic into 1024 sub-streams

Then Round Robin algorithm will distribute equal amount of traffic to each sub-stream

Page 10: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 10

Page 11: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 11

PCQBehaviour:

Based on classifier PCQ divides traffic into sub-streams. Each sub-stream can be considered as FIFO queue with queue size specified by “limit” option

After this PCQ can be considered as FIFO queue where queue size is specified by “total-limit” option.

Page 12: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 12

Page 13: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 13

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Page 15: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

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PlanCreate an address list for client classes Use “connection-mark” (mangle) feature to classify all connections based on client classUse “packet-mark” (mangle) feature to classify all traffic based on client classCreate a PCQ queue for each client class with rate option specified

...what about user-user communications???

...what about unmarked traffic ?

Page 16: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 16

Address Lists

Page 17: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 17

Where?There are 5 places to mangleThere are 4 places to limit

Page 18: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 18

Connection-mark rule

Page 19: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 19

Packet-mark rule

Page 20: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 20

Working Mangle- Winbox view

Page 21: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 21

Working Mangle- Export view

Page 22: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 22

Queuing PlacementLimitation for in mangle chain “forward” marked traffic can be placed in the “global-out” or interface queueIf queues will be placed in the interface queues

queues on the public interface will capture only client upload queues on the local interface will capture only client's download

If queues will be placed in global-out download and upload will be limited together (separate marks needed)

Page 23: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 23

PCQ Types – Winbox View

Page 24: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 24

Queue Tree – Winbox View

Page 25: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 25

Queue Tree – Export View

Page 26: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

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PCQ Queue Size

Total_limit = X can take up toX*(2000 bytes + 200 bytes) of RAM

2000 bytes – buffer for 1 packet 200 bytes – service data for 1 packet

total_limit = 2000 =< 4,2MB RAMtotal_limit = 5000 =< 10,5MB RAM

It can take only 40 users to fill the queue

(because total_limit/limit = 2000/50 = 40)

It is necessary to increase “total_limit” or (and) decrease the “limit” valueThere must be at least 10-20 packet places in queue available per user

Page 27: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 27

PCQ AdjustmentsThere are ~340 Basic class clients so:

pcq_limit = 40 pcq_total_limit = 7000 ( ~20*340) (~15MB)

There are ~40 Standard class clients so: pcq_limit = 30 pcq_total_limit = 1000 ( ~20*40) (~2MB)

There are ~20 Business class clients so: pcq_limit = 20 (!!!) pcq_total_limit = 500 ( ~20*20) (~1MB)

Page 28: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 28

Traffic Prioritization

Business Class Clients

Standard Class Clients

Basic Class Clients

~40 MbpsT3/E3 line

You have problems with on-line communications (video, audio, VOIP, games)

Task:Make necessary traffic prioritization

~5Mbps abroad

Page 29: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

© MikroTik 2008 29

Prioritization plan

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Where?There are 5 places to mangleThere are 4 places to limit

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How?

Page 32: MikroTik RouterOS Workshop QoS Best Practice - MUM

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PrioritiesCreate packet marks in the mangle chain “Prerouting” for traffic prioritization in the global-in queue

Ensign_services (Priority=1)User_requests (Priority=3)Communication_services (Priority=5)Download_services (Priority=7)P2P_services (Priority=8)