Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

MikroTik User MeetingPIM protocol on MikroTik devices

Piotr Cogiel

Inter Projekt S.A.IDEA4PRO Sp. z o.o.

March 2012, Warsaw

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

1 Agenda

2 About Us

3 Problem Analysis

4 Multicast

5 IGMP

6 IGMP snooping

7 PIM

8 Configuration

9 Q & A

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

About Us

Inter Projekt S.ANetworking equimpent distributor

IDEA4PRO Sp. z.o.o.consulting, integration and training services

Piotr Cogielpcogiel@interprojekt.pl

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

Why that topic?

Using multicast in network let administrators to offer many new se-rvices. However, it can be difficult to configure and, if it is not donewell, it could be a source of many problems.

Why we choose that topic?

more multicast traffic in network

many services which could be interesting, like Internet Televi-sion

complains about difficulties while configuring PIM

not well known technology which can increase network efficien-cy

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

What is it?

Multicast is the way of deliverypackets in computer networksto group of destination pointsat the one time. In unicast com-munication, each packet goesexactly to one receiver, even ifthe same data have to be sentto many hosts. Multicast pro-vides special addresses, whichidentify not one computer, buta group of hosts.

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

IGMP - LAN multicasting

IGMP - Internet Group Management Protocol

three versions of IGMP

IGMP messages are encapsulated in IP packets

works usually in LAN and manage the group

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

L2 in L3 territory

Many switches usually treatsmulticast traffic as a broadcast,resend these packets through allits ports. That could be a sour-ce of problem and reduce a ne-twork performance. IGMP sno-oping is a technology, which al-lows switch to monitor IGMPpackets normally intended forrouters. In that way switch le-arn, which of hosts are realdestination points of multicasttraffic and direct packets onlyto them.

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IGMP snooping process

Testing environment:

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IGMP snooping process

Stage 1: Host1 send join message to switch

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IGMP snooping process

Stage 2: Switch add entry in his Forwarding Table

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

IGMP snooping process

Stage 3: Join message is forward to router

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IGMP snooping process

Stage 4: Multicast traffic goes only to Host1

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IGMP snooping process

Stage 5: Host2 want to get multicast traffic too - send join requestto switch

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IGMP snooping process

Stage 6: Multicast traffic goes to Host1 and Host2

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IGMP snooping process

Stage 7: Host1 want to leave multicast group

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

IGMP snooping process

Stage 8: Multicast traffic goes only to Host2

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

Some basic information...

PIM is a multicast routing pro-tocol. It is relatively new so-lution. Mikrotik supports PIM-SM (sparse mode) version. Itwas designed mainly to WANnetworks in order to reducenumber of routers, which donot hold IP group, but still re-ceive multicast packets. In spar-se mode protocol used controlmessages to ensure data weredelivery to appropriate hosts.

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

...more information...

Helpful terms:

protocol independent - use the route information delivered byother routing protocols

sparse mode - designed mainly for wide-area usage

shared trees (aka RP trees) - multicast distribution treesrooted at some selected node

Rendezvous Point - root of the shared tree that receives allthe traffic from the sources and forwards that traffic to thereceivers

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

...and a small example

In this example PIM is enabled on both routers. Router 1 is Rende-zvous Point. Computer connected to port ether1 work as multicastsender. Router 2 has configured RP as a Router 1 port. Host 2 ismulticast receiver.

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

...and a small example

In this example PIM is enabled on both routers. Router 1 is Rende-zvous Point. Computer connected to port ether1 work as multicastsender. Router 2 has configured RP as a Router 1 port. Host 2 ismulticast receiver.

Ok, but how does it really work?

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Shared Tree (RP Tree)

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Joining the RP Tree

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Establishing path from Sender to RP

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

SPT switching

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SPT switching

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

Network topology:

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

Routers

Router A

Router A is connected to multicast source. Besides that, it is aRendezvous Point - a router that has been configured to serve abootstrapping role for certain multicast groups.

The main configuration points:

ether1 port in 192.168.1.0/24 network (with multicast source)

ether2 port in 192.168.2.0/24 network

PIM enabled

Router A as Rendezvous Point

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

Routers

Router A

PIM-SM protocol use the information which is in the routing table.28 / 42

Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

Routers

Router A

Interfaces have to be enable to serve PIM and IGMP traffic.

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

Routers

Router A

Configuration of Rendezvous Point. RP is a central router, wherethe senders and receivers meet to tell about their existence.

Each multicast group must have one RP.30 / 42

Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

Routers

Router B

The configuration is pretty similar to previous configuration ofRouter A.

The main configuration points:

ether1 port in 192.168.2.0/24 network

ether2 port in 192.168.3.0/24 network

PIM enabled

Router A is set as Rendezvous Point

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

Routers

Router B

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

Routers

Router B

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

Routers

Router B

Here the RP point is set to Router A interface.

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

OLT and ONUs

OLT

The configuration is not hard, but can take several minutes.Because of the network have to provide multicast transmission andInternet access, vlans are needed. Here IGMP snooping is enabledtoo.

The main configuration points:

create vlan 100, assign IP address and add two ports -Ethernet and PON - in tagged mode

create vlan 200, assign IP address and add two ports -Ethernet and PON - in tagged mode

IGMP snooping enable

set port, which is connected to router

add routes to route table35 / 42

Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

OLT and ONUs

OLT

OLT configuration

interface vlan m100 100add port 1/1 taggedadd port 2/1 taggedip address 192.168.3.20 255.255.255.0mcastmode 2exitinterface vlan m200 200add port 1/1 taggedadd port 2/1 taggedip address 192.168.6.20 255.255.255.0mcastmode 2exit

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

OLT and ONUs

OLT

OLT configuration

!L2 multicast configigmp-snooping enableigmp-snooping addrouter 1/1 vlan m100...!Static routes configip route 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.3.2ip route 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.3.2!

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

OLT and ONUs

ONU - GW Delight

Device located near end user. It is configured and managedthrough OLT. Here vlans must be configured too. In case whenmultiport ONUs are used, administrators can make a choice abouthow use each port separately.

The main configuration points:

create vlan 100 and add Ethernet ports (untagged) which beused to multicast transmission

create vlan 200 and add Ethernet ports (untagged) which beused to Internet access

to each vlan add PON port (tagged)

IGMP snooping enable

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

OLT and ONUs

ONU - GW Delight

ONU configuration

interface vlan m100 100add port 1/5 taggedadd port 1/1-2 untaggedexitinterface vlan m200 200add port 1/5 taggedadd port 1/3-4 untagged...!L2 multicast configigmp-snooping enableexit

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

Questions and Answers

Any questions?

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

For interested in

http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Multicastdetailed example

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb742462.aspx

http://network-technologies.metaswitch.com/multicast/what-is-pim.aspx

http://www.netcraftsmen.net/resources/archived-articles/424.html

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Agenda About Us Problem Analysis Multicast IGMP IGMP snooping PIM Configuration Q & A

The End

Thank you for your attention.

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AgendaAbout UsProblem AnalysisMulticastIGMPIGMP snoopingPIMConfigurationRoutersOLT and ONU's

Q & A