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_ v fSUPREME HEADQUARTERS Ii7--J \ ALLIED EXPEDITIONARY FORCE .

r MANUAL OF PROCEDURES

MI iJ TkRY GOVdtNMENTOF GERMANY

FIRST EDITION S@TEMBER 194

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FOFtEwORq

The general policy for Public Safety operationsin Germany is oontained in the Directives n MilitaryGovernment f Germany issued to Army Group Commanders by Supreme Headquarters.

Military Commanders o whom the responsibilitiesof Military Government ave been delegated re respon-sible for carrying out this policy in accordance ithinstructions ssued by Army Group Commanders nder suchdirectives, nd Military Government ublic Safety Of-ficers will carry out their funotions in acoordanoewith orders issued by appropriate ilitary Commanders.The Handbook for Military Government in Germanyoontains he Publio Safety policy and general instruc-

tions for the guidanoe of Military Government fficers,This Manual is an amplification f those instruotionsand must be read in conjunction ith them.Military Government ublic Safety Officers illfollow the instructions nd make use of the forms con-tained in this Usnual unless otherwise ireoted.The maintenance f law and order is the keystoneto the whole problem.& an efficient ilitary Government,and it is therefore desirable hat as early a8 possible,the civil public safety agencies should be reorganizedend controlled o that they will cooperate ully with

Military Government.Since, however, the Nazi Party have made the Ger-man polioe their main-instrument or imposing heirwill upon the German people, the.responsibilities fMilitary Government ublio Safety Offioers for purging,reorganizing,and controlling he German polioe willbe particularly eavy.

A E. GRASETTLieutenant eneralAssistant Chief of StaffG-5 Division, HAEF

Sentember 1944

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IC?TJyjfiT IV _ SPECIAL POLICE OPERATT9NSGeneralCrime ControlCrimes Involving Military PersonnelEnforcement of Military EnactmentsRiots

LootingProtection of Monuments, Fine Arts andArchivesForgeriesControl of Black MarketControl of Venereal DiseaseControl cf WarcotlcsControl of Intoxicating LiquorsSupervision of LicensingTraffic ControlMilitary Supply RoutesOther AreasRefugees and Displaced Persons

Defin~itionsPublic afety ResponsibilityRestrictions on Civilians and ExemptionsTherefromG~eneralTravel RestrictionsCurfewPossession of Prohibited ArticlesProhibited AreasMeetings and ParadesSECTION V - SUPERVISION OF TBE POLICE IN TRE,ADMIhISTRATION OF JUSTICE

SupervisLon of the German Police in Dis-posin?; of Prisoner,sArrest Repcrt FormsAssistance to Legal Officers in the Prapa-ration of Cases for Trial beforeEilitary Government CourtsSECTION VI - SECiJFXTY

GeneralCreaticn and Purpose of a MilitaryGovernment Speciril Branchi:emcvai Andy ppointment of German OfficialsEaquiries Conce-rning Employees and Appli-cants for Employment with MilitaryUnitsEnquiries Regarding Political Suspects andDisruptive ActivitiesInternment and ecurity ControlsSuppression of the Nazi PartyAttitude Toward Other Political Partiesand OrganizationsSecurity CommitteesInvestigative TechniquesInvestigation ReportsFiles and RecordsInternal Organization of the Special BranchSelection of German PersonnelTechnical Supervision

76-17173-7677-13577-7980-8788-9495-100

101-104105-109110-115116-124125-127128-131132-135136-143136-140I41-143144-150144145-153151-171151-155156-159160-162163-16616 7168-171

172-180

173-174175-176

177-1801811230181-183184-185186-195

196-198199200-292203204205206-217218-224225226-227228-229230


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SECTION VII - CONCENTRATION CAWS:Generalprocessing nd Disposal of InmatesDisposal of Camp Staff and ards

. SECTION VIII - FIRE: ND CIVIL DEFENSEGeneralSelection of Temporarg Head of Fire ForcePreliminary Survey of Fire ProtectionFacilitiesInstructions to the Chief of the FireServiceSubsaquent SupervisionPersonnelFinanceEqulpmeht and SuppliesAssistance to Military Firefighting U&tsCivil Defense

ADDEWDUMSHFZT

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231-238231232-237238k&251239.240241242243244245246247248249-251


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LIST OF APPRIVDICRSExtract from CA Instruction o. 13; SRAEPRxtract from C Iustructiou o; 14, 21 AGExtract from ETOUS SOP Ho. 12, CARelationship etween Counter Intelligence nd

Nilitary Governuient Public Safety)me- policemr90tive. 1)shawOti0ns t0 chiere 0r b- police ~gen0ie8 (3)sIustru0ti0ns o cwrs 0r German ire Dereneegencies (20)sPriorityList Or Publicorrioiale ror vetting bySpeciel BranchCivil serwlntr Automatically emoved rr0m0rriOeEwiluation of~the FragebogenSuggested'FuuctionalAssIgnmentrf Public SafetyorritioersArrest Report Fom (4)i?Tram0 sigu. scivilians re forbidden to usethis roadT=ff;;dEu+ wciviliauvehicular traffic ror-Exemptiona rom Security RestrictionsInstructions 6)+l&~tions from Security Restrictions 6)sPorronuel eport (22)~Police Situation o ort (2)aPolice Warrants (24 *Rotioe 0r Impoundmeut (5)*Receipt for Surrendered rticles (8)sPeraonuel Questionnaire Fragebogen)(Q)*Fragebogea ecord CardFragebogen ction Sheet (lo)*,Speoial ranch Investigation eport (11)sSynopsis end Index Card (12)sSpeehl Brauch Uontmy Report (13)sConcentration amp Situation eport (23)sConoentratlon amp Inmates Questionuaire 14)*Concentration amp Processing ooket (15)sOrder ior Disposal or Inmate (16)sComxitment0r Prisoner (17)+Receipt of Prisoner and Case Papers (18)sPire Defense Situation eport (19)sCivil Defense Situation eport (21)sMilitary Goverument dministrative strictsRstimatedum ere0r Polioe in Certain parts 0r theOS/RR 30u0s 0r ~srmanpTablo of Rank Equivalent8 (Released n separate sheet)Administrative istricts of the Waterways PoliceLocationa 0r Gen~rn Police schoolsConcentration amp8 pie S/BR Area, GermuPGemau orri0iol Terminology* Refers to the Code number (i.e. YG/PS/G/l) rintedon ths actual fora, an example of which is includedin the Appeudioea.

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SECTION ;I

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Purpose and Scope of Public Safety Nanual001. The purpose of this manual is to assist NilitaryGovernment Public Safety Officers to control and super-vise the German Police fire and civil defense servicesand to participate in the dissolution of concentrationcamps. Certain special police filnctions nown as Sonder-polizei are not dealt with herein because they exist inother Ninistries than that of Interior and their controlis not considered to be the responsibility of the PublicSafety Branch.Objectives and Scope of Public Safety002. The Military Commander is authorized to take mea-sures necessary to control the clvilian population inorder that the mission of the military forces is not im-peded and so that hemay fulfil his obligation to exer-cise the functions of civil government in the restorationand maintenance of public order.003. He may demand and enforce from the civil populationsuch obedience as may be necessary for the purposes ofthe occupation and the proper administration of the areaunder his control. In return for such obedience the~in-habitants should be grsnted freedom from all unnecessaryor unwarranted interference with their individual libertyand property rights. If necessary however controls maybe imposed upon them including arrest and detention.004. Nilitary Government Public Safety Officers willtherefore order the German Police to take all measuresfor the maintenance of law and order the prevention anddetection of crime and politically subversive activitiesand the preservation of life and property in all areasunder his authority. In so doing he will use the policefire fighting and civil defense agencies. The efficientoperation of these services in fundamental to the properfunctioning of civil administration and as a consequencemust be given particular attention at an early stage.Supervision of German Public Safety Authorities005. Nilitary Government policy and administrative con-trol will be imposed on German public safety agencies byMilitary Government Officers throllgh erman civil admini-strative officials at the various levels of government.Operational control within the frame-work of these pol-icies will be imposed by Nilitary Government PublicSafety Officers through the chief officers of the Germanpublic safety agencies.Organization for IVUitarg Government006. For purposes of Military Government the Lbder andPrussian Provinces in the area occupied by the forces ofthe Supreme Commander are grouped into nine administrativedistricts with Nilitary Government Headquarters esta-blished at the capital of the principal Province or Land

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in each of these administrative districts. These ~nineHq will control Military Government through subordinateHq to be established at the capital of each of the com-ponent political subdivisions of the Provinzen/Ltiderwhich are referred to in this manual as Regierungs-bezirke or the equivalent . They consist of the Re-gierungsbezlrke in the Prussian Provinces and Bavaria,the Landeskommiss&bezirke in Baden, and the smallerLbder of Wtittemberg, Lippe, Schaumburg-Lippe, Bremenand Hamburg. These are further subdivided into Land-kreise and Stadtkreise. The portion of the Land Hessennorth of the river Main is not a Regierungsbezirk but agroup of Landkreise and Stadtkreise which.will be con-.trolled as a Regierungsbezlrk from the principal Stadt-kreis of Giessen. The nine administrative districts andtheir component Regierungsbezirk are shown in Appendix J JAssignment of Military Government Public SafetyOfficers007. Military Government control of Lsndkreise andStadtkreis of Regierungsbezirke or equivalent, and ofProvinzen/Lbder within Military Government Administre-tlve Districts will be imposed by officers attached tothe occupying armies under the direct control of MilitaryDistrict Commanders. Public Safety Officers will be ln-eluded in Military Government Detachments and will be re-sponsible for all Public Safety activities inthe area8to which their detachments are assigned.Public Safety Specialist Officers,008. Particular Public Safety problem8 may arise callingfor a Public Safety ,Officer ith technical experience todeal specifically with It. Thus when a Public SafetyOfficer feels himself incapable of handling a particularsituation such as a high fire risk or a particular crimeproblem, he should refer the facts to the Officer Com-manding his detachment for reference to the formation/unitHq in order to obtain the assistance of a Public SafetyOfficer experienced in the particular matter.Public Safety Channels of Communication009. The Public~Safety Orricer is directly responsibleto the officer commanding the detachment to which he.d.8assigned. This officer, in turn, is responsible to theformation,&nit headquarters under whose command his detach-.ment has been placed. Communications on Public Safety mat-ters will be through normal staff/commend channels to thePublic Safety Section of the Military Government Staff atappropriate headquarters. On purely technical matters com-munication will be through Public Safety staff channels.Relationship with other Military Agencies010. Since Military Government Officers are responsiblefor the supervision and administration of German policeforces, with whom Military Police and Counter Intelligencepersonnel will be continually conferring in the course oftheir duties, there ust be the closest relationship be-tween Military Government Officers, the Military Policeand Counter Intelligence personnel.011. These relationships were defined in CA Instruction8No. 13 issued by SHAEF (see Appendix A) and were elabo-

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rated in regard to the kiilitary olice by 21 Army Group'sCA Administrative Instruction No. 14 and by ETOUSA'sS.O.P. i?o. 2 Civil Affairs (Appendix B and C): theseinstructions relate to liberated territories, but mayserve as a guide for action in Germany in the absence ofspecific instructions. The relationship between MGPSOsand Counter Intelligence in Germany is elaborated inAppendix D.012. Public Safety Officers must ensure that adequatefire protection is provided by German fire fighting agen-cies. In fulfilling this responsibility, close liaisonand cooperation till be maintained with Corps of Isngieneers (US)/Army Ffre Service (BR)+013. Obedience by the aivilian population is induced bythe dissemination of information concerning the provi-sions of military proclamations, ordinanaes and orderaand of action taken against offenders. The PsychologicalWarfare Division may be relied upon to aid in the .a-semination of,this information.014. ,Public Safety Officers will be called upon to prvide German Police to aesist-other Military GovernmentOfficers-in carrying out their responsibilities. Co-operation will be worked out within Military GovernmentDetachments but sufficient police personnel to preservelaw and order must be retained on regular duties,

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SECTION II

REORGANIZATION AND CONTROL OF TKE GERMAN POLICE eNote: The numbers shown in brackets in this Section re-fcr to pages in Chapter VI PID German Basic Rand-book.General015. Some changes in the German Police organization mustbe made immediately to facilitate Military Government con-trol, to eliminated objectionable practices and to removebranches of the service created by the Nazis solely topromote their control over the police and through thepolice over the German population. These changes should,so far as possible, fit into plans for the future Germanpolice organization, but the exact structure of the fu-ture German police organization cannot be predicted, be-cause the ultimate detailed pattern of the German gov-ernment is not known.016. It may be predicted,1 owever, that the future Germangovernment will be democratic in nature. Since consi-derable local self-government will be provided, any im-mediate changes in the police organization should conformto a policy of decentralization of command and restorationof local control. The German police may thus be convertedfrom an instrument of oppression into one of service tothe German people. These changes will also minimize thepotential danger that such highly centralized policesystem prill e used to suppress lawful opposition, to pro-mote tyrannical ideologies nd to perpetuate dictators inpublic office.017. Plans for the ultimate reorganization of the Germanpolice to conform to a policy of decentralization of com-mand and democratic control cannot be put into completeoperation in the early stages of occupation. In the be-ginning the chaotic conditions created by defeat and bythe detention of many high-ranking German police exec-utives and suspension of others will make difficult theimposition of military government and the maintenance oflaw and order. To attempt to carry out prematurely suchextensive changes as ar@ contemplated in the ultimate.planwould only add to the confusion and demoralization of thepolice. The present German police machine is noted forits efficiency, and this efficiency must be utilized inthe interest of the United Nations Forces during the earlyperiod of occupation when conditions of lawlessness andsocial unrest may seriously interfere with military occu-pation.018. On entry into Germany, therefore, the existingpolice system will be left unchanged except as necessaryto remove Nazi adjuncts and influences or to facilitatethe imposition of Military Government control. This sec-tion describes organization changes that are to be madeat once, and it explains how these changes are to be ef-fected and how control is to be exercised over the re-organized police system019 Actions toward the permanent reorganization of the

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German police beyond those outlined in this manual willonlg'be initiated by special directives 'from igher auth-ority. It is not intended that the German police forcesbe reorganized and their procedures altered merely toonform with British or American systems. Temporary3 changes may'be necessary to fit emergencies or to conformwith the policies of the Mdlitary Commander, but funda-mental changes, however temporary, will not be made with-out reference to higher authority.Abolition of Nazi Agencies.

The Gestapo Sicherheitsdignst der SS (SD) (pp 1390iEy* the combined'SS and Police 'Commands HSS and Pf)(p i23) and the offices of the Wehrkreis inspectors(pp 129, 139) will be permanently abolished. With theexception of the police records and facilities of theWehrkrePs Orpo inspectors, the closing of the offices,control of records and arrest, f personnel are the re-sponsibility of Counter Intelligence. Public SafetyOfficers will take,charge of the offices of the WehrkreisOrpo inspectors, and in the absence of CI personnel willseize other offices and records and order personnel to bedetained by the German police pending orders ~from CounterIntelligence as to their disposal. All police propertyother than records will be placed in the custody of a re-liable German police official for use approved by theMilitary Government Public Safety Officer.Abolition of Hierarchy of Command021. The present hierarchy of command (Chart III) com-posed of the Chief of the German police (p 123),, he Chiefof the Ordnungspolizei ,(p 25) and subordinate commandersdown to butt ot including the Kommsndeure der Gendarmerieand ~the ocal Chiefs of police, is to be abolished inorder: (a) to facilitate'Milltary Government control byeliminating the possibility of conflicting operationalcommands to the local,police chiefs, and (b) to take astep toward the dedentralization of the German policejustified immediately on the ground that the officials- tpresent in this hierarchy will be automaticallg~ emovedin consequence of their Nazi activities. Since the ulti-mate plan envisions the abolition of these offices thevacancies will not be filled.022. Police functions in the Mini&y of Interior w5.11~be limited to administrative control over the German'police forces, the coordination of police offices at theNational level and, for the time being, control ofnational police schools. (For locations of police schools,see Appendix I).023. Any operational instructions which must be issued tothe German police uniformly throughout the zone will bepassed through Military Govenment channels to the PublicSafety Officer at the level at which executive. olice ac-tion is required. This officer will be responsible forgiving the necessary instructions to the German ChiefOfficer of Police. General administrative instructionswhich Military Government desires to impose upon the Gmmanpolice will be given to the German Civil Administrationand will be passed donm to the local level through thechain of'civil administrative officials (Chart IV).


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copy of s'ucn rders will 'be aaseu down t:oroil:hilitaryGovernment channels for the inromation of Public SafetyOfficers. Thus while operational control of the hxw ripolice will be decentralized to local police officials,the administration of the German police on a nationalbasis will be continued. Any administrative instructionsreceived by the German Chief of Police must be cleared byhim through the local h.G.P.SIQ. before issuing ordersputting them into effect.Plans for Police Agencies024. See Addendum Sheet.025. The Schutzpolizei des Reichs (pp 128-30) will con-tinue to be under the command of the chief aolice officerof the Staatliche Polizeiverwaltung but the-chief policeofficer will be placed under the Oberb ermesiter exceptin Eremen and Ramburg. In Bremen he will be placed underthe Regierende Efirgermeister snd n Hamburg under theBfirgermelster.Vihere number of Poliz~ei nter re con-trolled by a Polizeipr sidium or Direktion, the chief of-ficer will be placed under the Oberbtirgermeister rBbgermeister of the city in which he is located. TheLandrnte in Landkrsise with Staatliche Polizei in Radenwill continue to act as Polizelverwalter for their,re-spective Landkreise but will 'be ontrolled by the ministryof the Interior of Eaden for their police functions.026. Control will be exercised over the chief police of-ficer directly by the Public Safety Officer upon arrivalin the area. Until that time, control will be exercisedthrough civil administrative officials by the PublicSafety Officer at the Regierungsbezirk or equivalent levelor at Hq of the Military Government Administrative histrictif such officers arrive in advance of'detachments at locallevels.0.27. The Kasernierte Polizei (p 129) will'be discontinuedas a separate national militarized and,heavily armed reserve.Any reliable men found in thia orranlzation may be assignedto general police duties vdth the local Schutzpolizei. Inthe case of units which have served outside Germany a specialcheck must be made for war criminals.028. The Gendarmerie (pp 130-l). The Xommandeur derGendarmerie will be unde~r he Regierun-svr eident (or eaui-valent official) but will be controlled by the Public SafetyOfficer of the Regierungsbezirk as described in paragraphs56 to 58. Lower echelons of Public Safety Officers willsupervise Gendarmerie units within their jurisdictions butthey will not take any action inconsistent with the authorityof the Kommandeur over his force without the approval ofthe.Regierungsbezirk Public Safety Officer.029. The Kriminalpolizei (pp 140-1, 137) will be meri;edwith the Ychutz-oolizei t local levels. All directorates(leitstellen, offices (Stellen) and departments (Abteil-ungen) will be ,under he orders of the chief of nolice inthe town in which the branch is located. Krimlnaloolizeiwill continue to aid local forces within areas for-whichthey were previously responsible, Investigations made out-side the city to which they are attached will be ,under hedirection of the.local Chief of Police or in rural areasthe Rommandeur der Gendarmerie. Present methods of passinginformation and statistics to higher echelons will continue.

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030. Agents working directly out of the Heich Office ofKriminalpolieei who are currently engaged in the field willbe Instructed to continue their investigations but to re-port their presence to the Vhief of Police in whose areasthey are lo,oated. If communication with Berlin is broken,they are to place themselves under the commend of the localpolice chief.031. The Wasserschutzpolizei (p 133) in the early stageswill continue to operate as at present and.will remain at-tached to the office of the civil atiinistrative officialto which they are presentlL g.attached. The Public SafetyOfficer assigned to the echelon of Military Governmentthat supervises this German administrative official willcontrol the senior Wasserschutzpolizel officer. PublicSafety Officers at lower echelons or in other areas tillsupervise Wasserschutzpolizei units in their jurisdictionsbut t~hey ill not take any action inconsistent with theauthority of the senior Wasserschutzpolizei officer overhis force before consulting the Public.Safety Officer re-sponsible for the control of the senior Wasserschutzpolizeiofficer of the Wasserschutzpolizei district. See AppendixMM for list of Wasserschutzpolizei districts and head-quarters.032. The Land and.Stadtwacht (p 138) will be disbanded byMilitary Government when no longer needed. Members of theseorganizations found to be reliable may be utilized as fulltime police replacements or as auxiliary police. All othersare to be disarmed and removed from service.033. The Technische Nothilfe (p 133) will be controlled atall levels by Public Safety Officers for Preservation asa unit until-the need for its services by-other branches ofMilitary Government or the United Nations Forces can be ap-praised and its transfer to the control of such branch ef-fected. All members will be ordered to register izmn&&telywith the Labor offices for appropriate employment.organization will not be continued as a German Police agencyand,when the United Nations forces no longer need its ser-vices, it will be dissolved.034. Verwaltungspolizei (p 133-4j will< ontinue ,te operateas at present.035. Verkehrskompanien (Mot) z.b.V. will be under the con-trol of the Militarv Government Public Safetv Officers atHannover and Stuttgart. If and when there is no furtherneed for this national agency the Pobizeiprlsidenten of thesetwo cities will be held.responsib1.s or the temporary amal-gamation of its property, equipment and personnel with theirown Verkebrsbereitschaften. At an early date the needs ofthe Schutzpolizei in other cities and of the Motorized endarmerie will be assessed and the personnel and equipment ofthis organization distributed among them in proportion toneed.Border Control (pp 141-2)036 Counter Intelligence will be primarily responsible forthe enforcement of frontier regulations promulgated by theUnited Nations. Public Safety Officers will require theGerman police to conform to. ounter Intelligence instruc-tions. Military Commanders will, wherever necessary, re-inforce and control the German police at frontier stations

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and on patrol, using combat troops when available andCounter Intelligence personnel. Since border control is.to be a United Nations function, the German police willbe instructed that they are subordinate to any UnitedNations military personnel engaged in frontier control.037. In the early stages of occupation normal border con-trol will be the responsibility of Bommandeure der Gen-darmerie and chiefs of local police who have frontiers Intheir jurisdictions. Military Government control will beimposed through the Public Safety Offiders who supervisethese Kommsndeure and Chiefs of Police. Public SafetyOfficers will require the assignment of politically trust-worthy and suitably trained and equipped police adequatein numbers t,o nforce border regulations promulgated,by thUnited Nations.. Reliable Land- and Stadtwacht members maybe used to supplement the regular Gendarmerie and Schutz-polizei forces during the first days but they should be rp-placed locally as soon as possible by more carefully select-ed recruits who will serve until permanent appointments aremade in accordance with procedure tobe.authorized.Police schools038. Initially all Police schools will be closed. ThePolizelprasident or Direktor, the Chief of Police and theKommandeur der Gendarmerie will be instructed to takecharge of police schools in their jurisdictions, to arrestdesignated personnel, to order the remaining student bodyto return to their respective forces or If not members ofsome police establishment, to attach them to his force forvetting and final dispositioni The remaining faculty andadministrative personnel will be temporarily attached tothe local force to be used in safeguarding the school pro-perty and equipment and in providing temporary,trainingpending the reorganization of the German Police training sys-tem. Aa seen as possible, the schools will be reopened withreliable instructional staff and a revised syllabus oftraining. Public Safety Officers must ensure that anytraining program is devoid of Nazi ideology and militaryInstruction. The local police will also assist Counter In-telligence in permanently closing all SS schools and in ar-resting designated personnel. The locations of GermanPolice Schools are shown in Appendix NN.Oontrol of Police039. As Public Safety Officers reach their areas of control,they ~:I11 ake over the functions of supervision on their le-vel. The manner of accomplishing this at the Krels level isexplained in the next Section of this Manual. Public SafetyOfficers at higher levels must assume control of police of-fices at their level and at lower levels prior to the arri-val of itiilitaryovernment Public Safety Officers at lowerechelons. They must send the Directive to German Policeshown in Appendix F by the speediest available means throughadministrative and direct channels to all Kommandeure derGendarmerie, Polizeipr&.denten, Polizeidirektoren, Chiefs,)f'chutzpolizei der Gemeinden and to heads of Kriminal-polizei Leitstellen, Stellen and Abteilungen, Police officesabol-c:he Kreis, If retained, will exercise only staff func-tior~s for the chief civil admini.strative fficial, and withtne exception of the Kommandeur der endarmerie and senior

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officer in each Waaasraohutepoliasl district, will exer i seno ooxmmnd overpolice at lower levels.Military Goverrnnent dminlitrative District Level

? 040. The cities of Hamburg, M aster, Hannover, Kassel,Stuttgart, Munich, Koblenz, Kerlsruhe and Saarbr ken areto be the nine oentrea for Military Government Admlni-strative District Bq in Germany. Public Safety Officersmay arrive at these points in advance of those at subordinateechelons, In-which event they will ontrol the police agen-cies within their areas through the highest administrativeofficials until Public Safety Officers arrive at lowerle-vels. Tnereafter t,hey ill supervise Public Safety Officersat the subordinate levels.041., Public Safety Officers entering Koblenz, Munich endKarlsruhe will be able to control all police activitlea.through the highest Land or Province administrative officialslocated in thoae cities., In these cases the Military Gov-ernment Administrative District isa single Land or Provinceand the orders of the Military Government Officers ten bepassed down to lower levels through normal German civil ad-minibtrative channels. The German officials will be heldresponsible for seeing that these orders are carried out.042. Control from the Hemburg Military Government Hq willbe exercised through the Bfirgermeiater t Hamburg and theOberprtaident of the province of Schleswlg-Holstein at Keel.In the absence of Military Government Officers at Kiel, theinstructions or the Public Safety Orricer will be given to~the Hamburg official who~will be held responsible for passingthem to the official at Kiel. This will be a communicationfuuotion'without command~responalbility.043. Control at M8nater will be through the OberprBsident ofthe Province of Westfalen, n the absence of Military Gov-ernment Officers at Detmeld and BUckoburg, this official willtransmit the Public Safet~,Offioer's orders to the Chef derLandesreglerung of Lippe and the Landesprasident of Schaum-burg-Lippe located in theae-cities.044. At Hannover the Oberprasident of the Province of Han-nover will be the official through whom control will be ex-ercised. He will serve as the communications link with theHiniaterprasidenten of Oldenburg and Braunschwelg and theRegierende Bbgermeister of Bremen in the absence of MilitaryGovernment Officers at these points.'045. Police activities will be controlled through the Ober-prasident of the Province of Hessen-Nassau at Kassel. Thisofficial will be made responsible also for the part of theLand Hessen north of the Main. The function will be carriedout through the OberbUrgermeister at Giesaen snd Landratewithin this area.046. The MinlaterprNsident at Stuttgart will be responsiblefor police agencies n the Lend Wtirttemberg nd will servea tha communications channel to the RegierungsprNsident ofthe Hohenzolleriaohe Lande in the absence of Military Gov-ernment Officer8 at Sigmarlngen.047, The office of the Reichstatthalter of the Reichsgau ofWestmark. t Saarbdoken will be used for control purposes.This will be the channel for transmitting orders to the eer


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der Landesregierung for the Land Hessen at Darmstadt in theabsence of Military Government Officers in that city.Renierungsbezirk Level048. Chief civil administrative officials at the Regierungs-bezirk or equivalent level (the Regierungsprtlsident r equi-valent) will receive necessary communications from highe?, e-vels through the normal land or province officials with theexception that. n Hohenzollerische Lande they will be re-ceived through the Minister of Interior in Stuttgart, and inthe.part of Hesaen north of the river Main they will be re-ceived through the Reichatatthalter in Kassel.049. Police offices at the Regierungsbezirk and equivalentlevel will be continued as,they are at present except thatSchutzpolizei officials will be retained as staff officersto the chief divil administrative official (the Regierunga-prasident r equivalent), and they will be notified thatthey are to exercise no command over lower echelons ofSchutzpolizei, The police officials at this level will benotified that they are to accept no orders from German policeofficials above them in the hierarchy of command but thatthey are to place themselves under'the control of the chiefcivil ,administrative fficial.050. The responsibility of the Regierungspr aident (oraquivalent) ever pblice in his area~will be limited to hispresent powers except that he will, in addition, have direstcontrol over the movement of police from one area to anotherfor Pmergency re-enforcement under any pre-arranged schemefor mutual aid.


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SECTION IIISUPERVISION F THE GERMAN POLICE

General051. During occupation he German police will continuet0 PerfOrIII their UOBIkd pOliCe rUUCtiOUE UtEbr the COP;r,o$nd close supervision f Military Government t-

. They will be responsible or maintaining 3~and order, for enforcing he German criminal law and theordinances nd orders of the United Nations Forces, forthe arrest of leading Nazis and war crlmlnals nd for'the discharge f any other responsibilities laced onthem by the Military Government. Public Sarety Ofiioersmust have a thorough nderstanding f all aspects fthe German police 'organization;ts functions nd methodsof operation, n order to supervise he police in theperformance f these duties.052. Public Safety Officers have a greater responsi-bility than the mere control of the German police inthe maintenance f law and order and the arrest ofleading Nazis and war criminals. De-Naxifying ermanyincludes he elimination f such Nazi techniques sarrest and imprisonment ithout charge or fair trialand of the concept of a Wpollce state whloh keepsunder constant olice surveillance he private lives,actions and views of individuals. The indoctrinationofpolice and civilians likewith the concept of thepolice as servants of the public rather than as theirmasters will favorably influence he development f amore demooratic ermany.Limitation r Police Powers053. The rights and liberties f the individual ndthe limits to the x r o is o f police power establishedby the Yieimar onstitution ill once more become opera-tive under Mbilitary overnment. The right of the policeto hold persons in Polizeihait (police ustody) orotherwise o infringe pon personal liberties re to beterminated t once by proclamation esolnding he decreewhich suspends he bill of rights of the Weimar Consti-tution (Decree f February 28, 1933) and other deoreesgranting immunity rom redress to the police for allacts committed in the suppression f WpoliticalW rimea.Personal liability f the Police in Civil and criminalactions for illegal acts and the responsibility f thepolice agency for actions of the police in the per-formance f their duty are to be restored to safeguardthe rights of individuals.054. Restoration f limitations n police activityis not exclusively problem of legislation. It is es-sentially matter of adequate supervision nd controlof police activity y German officials o ensure thatthe rights of individuals re protected. In addition,the courts must be vigilant in guarding civil rightsagainst Improper olice conduct. Public Safety Officersshould ensure that strict and severe penalties are aP-plied in instances f abuse or misuse of Police power byindividual embers of the German police. AChiaVament

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of purpose must never be considered justlflcation forimproper and I llegal means and methods. Polioe brutalityunwarranted searches and seizures and the arrest anddetention of persons without charge without advisingthem of the charge or without giving them an opportunityto obtain legal counsel will not be tolerated.Relationship between Military Government Publio Safetyffioere and Polioe Ofriolals.055. The Public Safety Officer mu:..t be oorreot andstrictly impersonal in his relations with German Policeofficials. Suoh gestures as calling on the German of-ficer shaking hands with or otherwise showing afriendly attitude toward or fraternizing with Germanpolice officials will breed undue familiarity may beconstrued as a sign of weakness and must be avoided be-cause such oonduot may have an undesirable effect onthe attitude of demooratic elements existing in Gor-IUany. Acts of fraternization suoh as accepting giftsor invitations to dinner or to the theatre must beavoided.056 . The Kommandeur der Gendarmerie at Regierungsbezirkor equivalent level and the chief police officers ofntunioipal forces at county or local levels will be in-struoted that they are no longer to take commands fromsuperior officers of the German Police Policy direc-tives and general orders will come from the German civiladministrative officials at the Regierungsbezlrk levelto the Konunsndeur der GendaBnerie and from the mayorsor equivalent civil offioials at the local. levels tothe chief officers of muniolpal pollee foroez. Such po-lioy directives and general orders to the police willbe issued by the civil administrative officials underthe oontrol and supervision of Military Government of-ficers at the appropriate levels.057. Viithin the framework of these policy directivesand general orders the Chief of the German Police unitmust make decisions and give detailed orders and com-mands to his subordinates. Public 2af ety Off ioerswill have complete control over the German police of-ficial so far as these decisions and detailed orders andcoiznc;~3s are concerned and thus will assume operationalcontrol of the police foroes through the chief officersof the German Police units at the respective levels.Chile the authority of the Public Safety Officers isabsolute it will not be abused nor must it e permittedto result in officious meddling in routine police mat-ters not vital to Lilltary Government nor in a mannerwhich would embn?rass or undermine the chief GermanFelice officiel.in the eyes of his subordinates.058. The relationship should be made unmistakeablyclear to the chief officerof police that the PublicSafety Officer has complete authority to veto any pro-jected order by the chief to his subordinates and wherenecessary to intervene and require oertain action tobe taken which in the opinion of the Publio Safety Of-fioer is neoeeaary for oarrying out the letter and spiritof the polioies and direotlves of Military Government.J he implementation of this relationship will vary ac-cording to the circumstances and in accordance with thereliability oompetenoe and willingness to cooperate


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demonstrated by the particular ohief German police of-ficial under control. Cursory supervision may be allthat is required with some, whereas close control willbe required with others, and the importance of the par-ticular iuatter nder &mediate Considerationw ll bean additional factor which will effeot the degree ofcontrol.to be exeroised in any given situation.059. The above describes the relationship between theofficer commanding the b:ilitary overnment Detachmentand the German chief civil administrative official,onthe one hand and the Military.Gove?nment PQ~blio afetyOfficer and the German police official on the other.The same relationship will prevail between the MilitaryGovernment Public Safety Offioer and the chief Germanpolice official on the one hand and subordinate PublicSafety Officers In the same Military Government unit .,,and subordinate German police officials supervised bythem on the other. However subordinate Public SafetyOfficers will not take,any action inconsistent with the authority of the Chief of Police over his foroe withoutapproval of the Public Safety Officer supervising thechief German police official.Selection of Temporary Head of Police Force.060. On entering the &pea under his control the PublicSafety Offioer will take Immediate steps to determinethe disposition towards Military Government of the localChief of Police and to find an acceptable su stituteif he is unsatisfactory. The holding of any of the fol-lowing offices or appointments should normally bar theindividual for consider~ation or this post: an offioerin the SS (other than in consequence of the affiliationof the police to the SS under Himmler's decrees of 1943),SA, N.S.K.K., or M.S.F.K., in the N.S.D;A.P., with therank of Ortsgruppenleiter pr above, or in the Hitler-jugend with the rank of Bannfuhrer or above. Only can-didates with adequate experience,and technical knowledgeshould be considered, and due weight should be given toseniority.061. The Public safety Officer will inform the seniorqualifying offioer that he is temporarily placed in oom-mend of the local police force, that he will be requiredto execute the orders given him by kiilitary overnment,and that failure in complete compliance with the letterand spirit of these instruotlons will result in hisprosecution before a Military Court. Rnphasis must bebe given to the need for complete and whole hearted coopera-tion and the consequences of failure. The selected Ger-man Police Officer should be ordered to,take up his duties.If he refuses, he should be arrested forthwith for trialbefore a Military Court and another candidate appointedin his place.Preliminary Survey062. Xhere a change of command is entailed, the PublicSafety Officer will then formally relieve from duty thehead of the local force and will proceed to discuss theadequacy of police facilities with the newly appointedtempcrary head of the local police f&roe. The PoliceSituation Report (Appendix R) will b used to guide theinquiry Andy o record information. The German ?OliCe

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officer will be given three blank situation eportswith instructions o complete hem in detail and toreturn two of then; ithin 24 hours,Instruotions o Head of Police Agenoy063. The Public Safety Offioer will then present tohim the printed Instructions o Chiefs of German PoliceAgencies (Appendix ). These are emergency rders thatmust not be considered inal in any respect end theymust be amplified s necessary. Each order must bediscussed n detail to assurecomplete nderstanding.The relationship etween the Military GovernnsentublicSafety Offioer, he commanding fficer of the detach-ment, the Germenohief civil administrative ffioisl andthe German police chief deserve careful explanation.The German police official should be required o statethat he understands hat he is no longer to take ordersfrom higher German police officials nd that he is nowresponsible irectly o the German chief civil adminis-trative official.Personnel064. Detention of the police officers numerated nPsra 16 of Instructions o Chiefs of German PoliceAgencies nd the suspension nd remwal from officeof others as the result of vetting (see Para 191) willcreate vacancies in most of the higher and many sub-ordinate osts in eaoh local force. Vaoanoies relikewise reated in every other publio,agency nd inconsequence problem of reoruitment nd promotionis created of such proportions hat. t could not behandled by the German civil service system even undernormal conditions.065. Ultimately purged and reconstituted ivil ser-vice system will administer olice personnel in a mennercomparable o the administration f the personnel ofother governmental gencies at comparable evels of govern-ment. Police vacancies ust be filled at once and thisresponsibilitywill be placed on the temporary headof the police force. Appoint~nts and promotions illbe temporary end each must be reported o the PublicSafety Officer for approval.066. The German pre-war physical, ental and educationalstandards or recruitment ill be oontinued. Require-ments favouring ast military service and any politloalor racial disorimlnatory rovisions ill be abolished.067. The German police disciplinary ode will be main-tainedas far as oiroumstanoes ermit. Disciplinarypowers exercised y Geqman officials ill be closelywatched to ensure that they are not used to the prejudiceof men favorably inclined o the Mlltary Government.All regulations howing discrimination avorabletNazi elements ill be abolished.068. A committee f three or more German civiliansselected as desoribed in Para 214, may be appointed ythe Public Safety Officer to advise him and the policechief on personnel atters. This committee should haveno authority ver the police, but the chief should beurged to utilize its servioes. It should be empoweredto investigate atters relatingto police personnel

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ana it should report to the Pubiic tiafety fficer onthe trustworthiness of members of the force, on tb~eadequacy of personnel the state of police morale andefficiency, the adequacy and suitability of isoiplin ryprocedures and other polics personnel problems, pendingthe reestablishment of a qualified and trustworthycivil service system. The Public Safety Officer mayrefer other police problems to this committee and shouldconsult it if in doubt as to the reliability of thetemporary chief of the force after that official hasbeen vetted by the Special Branch.3Inance069. Salaries of police will be paid in the usualmanner and Public Safety ;ffIcers must see thct suchsalaries are actually being paid. If, due to chaoticconditions, the civil authorities are unable to meetpayrolls, arrangements for payment should be made withthe M.litary Government Finance 3fficers.Supplies370. h o upplies for the German police are to bebrought into Germany except armlets and warrant cards(See Appendix GG). Adequate arms and equipment willbe available In Germany from present police suppliesand, if needed, from the stockpiles of the German Army.Subsequent Supervision071. The Public Safety Officer will confer dailywith the Chief of Police and make inspections of variousphases of police activity to Insure its efficient per-formance. He will require the chief to submit compara-tive statistical reports m will utilize informantswithin the German police and other underoover opera-tors to enable him to keep abreast of the local policesituation, end the state of law and order In the com-munIQr. He will assure himself that:a. The police chief is politically trustworthy, coopera-tive and reasonably,competent.The police force is as politically trustworthy andcooperative as it can be made at this time and thatit is operating with reasonable efficiency.

c. Designated Nazis ere being arrested at a satisfac-tory rate.d. Civilians are not interfering with military traffic.e. Yhere is no serious nor widespread violation ofmilitary ordinances m orders.f. The VD incidence among troops is not unusually high.g. Traffic accident and crime rates are not unreasonablyhigh.h. Ijlack arket operations are not unreasonably extensive.i. The llegal use of narcotics is not Increasing.3. Prisoners held In police jails for security reasonsare dispos ea f by release, trial before German brZilitary Sourt or transfer to PW Annexes within a rea-sonable period.k. Prisoners held for violation of military ordinancesare charged before Military Courts immediately.1. The police are not corrupt nor brutal and that theyare complying with German law in matters of arrest,interrogation, search and seizure and in filing chargesand presenting cases for trial.

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Aseignment bf Public Safety Officers wlthin Detachments072. In small detachments to whioh only one Pub110Safety Officer is assigned, th.e supervision describedin the preceding paragraph and the tasks outlined through-out this manual will necessarily fall upon the shouldersof one omen. In large cities and important oenters ofgovernment administration, more than one Public SaretyOfficer will be assigned and the Detaohment commanderwill plaoe the, senior offioer ,among them i,n charge ofall public safety functions. I t will therefore be hisduty to apportion the public sarety functions among sub-ordinate Publio Safety Officers in aocordance with theirindividual qualifications and past experienoe; thenumber of Public Safety Officers available to performthe tasks, and the importance of particular policeproblems oonfronting him at the moment in his area.No hard and fast rule can be laid down in advancewhich will meet all situations and conditions but itIs suggested that the following are the principal funo-tions around which a division end apportionment of res-ponsibility should be allocated See Appendix 9):a. The supervision of the various polioe agencies,partioularly the chutzpolizel , the Gendarmerie, endthe Feuerschutzpolizei, including the Kriminalpollzeiand its merger with the uniformed police. I t is sug-gested that this should be the task of the SeniorPublic Safety Officer with such assistanoe as he mayrequire.b. The supervision of important functiona performedby the police suoh as suppression of the blaok market,control of prostitution, traftio oontrol and regula-tion, the issue.nce of permits and licenses or thepolice handling of any crime or police problem partl-cularly troublesome at the moment.The administration or justice including the pre-iiration of oases for trial betor; Military Courts,ensuring that the Germen police respect the rights ofpersons under arrest and prefer charges against themin Military Courts or German oourts, without delay orundue detention, end ensuring that persons arrestedfor seourity reasons by military personnel or by Germanpolice are speedily transferred from police oustody toPrisoner of War Annexes or otherwise disposed or.d. The operation of the Speoial Branch which involvesthe vetting of all public officials, the suppressionof subversive activities and assistance to Counter-Intelligence in the seizure of offices end reoordsof the Nazi Party, the ,Gestapo nd the SD, and thearrest and detention of their personnel.e. The processing of inmates of Concentration Campsand the collection of evidence against oemp staffand guards.f. The issuance of exemptions ,to restrictione im-posed by Yilitary Ordinances where it appears thet thenumber of exemptions to be issued to civ?lians byFubliC Safety c:fPicers will be numerous.

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SECTION IVSPECIAL POLICE 0PERATIOI;S

General073 The femiliar,concept that the German people redisciplined and have a high respect for constituted auth-ority is not substantiated by fact. Their history after1919 was one of bloody riot and revolution and it wasonly after the advent of Nazism with its terrorism andbrutality that obedience to the will of the governmentwas finally compelled. The removal of official terrorismwill logically follow the defeat of Nazism but many of theterrorists who have long di.sregarded he rights of l.ndivi-duals will remain at large. Scenes of disorder, riots andopposition.by underground Nazi and other resistance groupsis to be expected, together with a resurgence of politicalparties and general political unrest.074. Other psychological factors complicating the policeproblem will result from defeat, such as epidemics, lackof housing due to bombing, dislocation of production, pro-cessing and distribution of food snd.other necessities oflife, unemployment due to demobilization, the shuttingdown of war industries, and the presence in Germanyofmillions of persons brought there for forced labor. Manyof the latter will desire to get home at once and otherswill seek.to revenge themselves on the German people.075. Additional problems will arise from programs to re-move,from public office and to apprehend or investigateNazi leaders, and.from the necessity of investigatingcrimes and violafions of military ordinances which affectthe security of the Military E orces nd of suppressingunderground political movements fomenting civil distur-bances.076. reorganized and reconstituted German police willbe responsible for the day to day,maintenance of civilianlaw and*order and the detection and investigation of crime.Public Safety Officers will primarily be interested.incrimes incident.to or affecting military occupation. Crimesaffecting only the civilian population, however, erious,will be of secondary interest, The objectives in both caseswill be prevention, control, investigation and prosecution.The German police will be the main instrument for the ac-complishment of these,objectives, although assistance maybe obtained from Military Police and Counter Intelligencepersonnel when occasion requires. It is the purpose of thissection to guide the Public Safety Officers in actions to.be taken in dealing with police problems of~particular con-cern to military government.CXIkZ CONTROL~ ~~Crimes Involving Kilitary Personnel077. The German police will not e permitted to arrest, de-tain, question, trail or otherwise investigate military per-sonnel of the United Nations, or any persons serving with oraccompanying them, suspected of having committed crimes, al-though they-may seek information from those who have beenwitnesses to crimes


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committed by civilians. Public Safety officers willinstruc$ the German Police to report promptly of-fences committed or thought to h ve been committedby members of the xilitary Yorcea and of offenses againsthepersons or property of the Military rorce,s. Itis equally important that complaints emanatingfrommilitary sources should be passed qulokly to~the Ger-man police. Aheee offences require collateral actionby the civil end military authorities; witnesses maybe found on the one side and culprits on the other.078. The idbntirication and apprehension OP personnelwho have committed offenses is the responsibility oithe Yilitary Polioa Many of theae offenceo will bereported to the &filitary overnment Detachments b; theGerman polioe who may be hesitant at rlrst to makeany form of preliminary investigation or even to ques-tion the viotir thoroughly because of Pear of offendingthe Military Forces by inquiring nto their misdeeds.Public Safety Ofricers must clearly establish to themthe line of demart2ation etween investigations that-are to be made by the Wlitazy Police and those to bemade by the German police and that it is their res-ponsibility to apprehend civilian offenders, leavingthe apprehension of military oirendsrs to the MilitaryPolice.079. Public Safety Offioers should assure the Germanpolice that their cooperation is desired in providingpromptly all available information relati to or-eienses thought to,he,ve een committed by m lltarypersonnel. Raphasis, hould be given to the importanceof providing adequate descriptions (with special at-tention to the unusual) of persons who committed theofrense, of vehicles used, including identifyingnumbers, and of property stolen.. The civil policeshould be asked to investigate the character ofcivilian victims of orimes committed~or thought tohave been aommitted by members of the Military Foroesin order to determine the authenticity or the com-plaint. Theg should furnish to the Public Safety Of-ficer at least two.copies of the investigation re-ports and deposition accompanied by translationswhenever possible. One copyshould be rorviarded tonoe to the Mlitary Police to be followed by ad-ditional information discovered by later investlga-tlon. The German police may be able to suggest linesof investigation based on information obtained bytheir informants in joint meeting places of civiliansand soldiers.?3nforcement~f Military Enaotments080. Public safety Officers must ensure the enforce-ment of tiilitary nactments by the German police andtheir observance by the civil population. In accom-plishing these two purposes the Public Saiety Officershould study the regulations and keep in mind theirpurpose. Enforcement, n addition to aocomplishingthe purpose of the regulations, also promotes healthyrespect for the kilitary Yorces.081. Complianoe by the civil population is inducedby the dissemination of information o restrictionsimposed upon the civil population. Ignoranoe*of theregulations does not bar prosecution but it lnareases

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a

the frequency f violations, t-increases he enforce-ment work of the police and the courts, and it createsIn the convicted inadvertent violator a sense of re-sentment based on fanoied unfair treatment.082. The Legal Officer will notify the Public SafetyOfficer of Znaotraents,roolamations, nd Notices tobe issued an it is responsibil ity o Public SafetyOfficers to see that they are posted. The FublioSafety Officer should be present and make a wrtttenreoord of the action so that in any court proceedingswhioh may arise following publication, he can giveevidence of the exaot time end date that the documentwas first exhibited.083. Military Enactments must be posted conspiciouslyand in such numbers as to assure that they are broughtto the notice.of the IXvi.1 population, .Copies ofmilitary government enactments, such as the offiolalgazette, should be made available for distributionand referenoe in libraries, police stations, officesof civil administrative fficials, nd other publicplaces. Adequate dissemination ay require that theentire contents of.proolsmations nd ordinances ndofficial notipes be reproduoed n every edition of thelooal Press for at least one week accompanied y in-structions hat readers preserve the copy by tackingit to the wall and by giving spare dopies to thosenot having one. Editorial comment should alarifymisunderstood egulations nd provide explanations fthe need for the regulation. Articles should outlinethe regulations n the language of the street so thateveryone ay understand he nature of the restrictionsand their purpose. After the first week sections ofordinances f speaial importance t the moment shouldbe reproduoed nd be commented on editorially nd inarticles and by notices. The radio mayalso be usedto disseminate hie information.084. Quiok and certain punishment lso induces oom-plianoe. The effectiveness f speedy arrest and con-riotion is enhanoed y editable publioity.'~he P.W.D.and all technical edia should be employed to call tothe'attention f the civil population otion taken bythe polioe and by the courts in dealing with offenders.085. Compliance s more easily kept than regainedafter it is onos lost. The public should not be per-mitted to establish habit of disregarding ny mili-tary regulations. A few properly publicized uickarrests and convictions n the first day or two willavoid the need to arrest hundreds later.086. Bnforoement y the police will usually be inproportion o their general efficiency. Efficient endvlgllsnt.patrola,the use of police license and otherreoords,and thorough investigation f suspects illinorease he fffeativeness f enforcement. For ex-ample, searoh of firearms records In the possessionof the German police may disclose information egardingformer,possessorsof firearms ho have illegally ie-posed of them or ignored an order for their surrender.087. ~Publio afety Officers ust assure themselves'that he oivil population Is corny, with militaryregulations nd that the police 3ye enforcing heseordinances. Compliance hould be determined y obser-vation and spot cheeks. Taken at regular times under

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comparable conditions such checks may be used for com-parative purposes to appraise the enforcement effortof the police. Police enforcement may also be measuredin terms of arrests made. Running records should bekept of such arrests for purposes of comparison. ublit Safety Officers must not assume that because ordinancesare posted and the police instructed to enforce themthat their task is ended. They are also responsiblefor their enforcement and this requires constant vigil.Riots088. Early attention should be given to preventivemeasures which can be taken to obviate unruly demon-strations and displays of violence on the part of thecivil population. Riots may develop as spontaneousprotests against real or imaginary grievances in con-nection with labor conditions, food supplies, or ad-ministrative methods, 'or ay be organized and inspiredby political agitation or propaganda. ,Equitable dis-tribution of the necessities of life is in itself themost fundamenta.1 reventive action that can be takento avoid disturbances.089. Public Safety Officers should be alert for signsof diseatisfaction among the civil population in orderto remove or minimize causative factors and to takemore positive preventive and protective steps. Securitymeasures may nullify or minimize conditions favorableto organized political eruptions. When disorder isanticipated special attention must be given to theenforcement of any proclamation or ordinance requiringthe dispersal or prohibiting the assembly of persons.The police should be augmented when necessary by policereserves and by Military Police or troops.090. The following precautionary measures may haveto be taken by police authorities:a. Crowds prevented from gathering in the streets.b. Public meetings or parades forbidden in order toprevent opportunities for inspIring disorderly aemon-strations by individuals formerly associated in thefurtherance of Nazi ideals and by other politicallydisruptive personalities.C Theaters and other. ecreational~establishmentsclosed.d. Restrictions imposed on members of known troubleproducS_ng roups.Known leaders incarcerated until conditions returnZ normal.f. Strikes declared illegal.091, Precautions should be taken to ensure that crowdsdo not become unruly and this can beg ccomplished by:The regulation of queues by the police, and by Mili-ry Police and troops when neaessary and insistanceupon Impartiality and speed in the diitribution of goodsby preweighing and packaging.b. Ensuring that authorized recreational activitiesare well organized and devoid of political significance.c. The presence at any authorized meeting of a suffi-oiently large number of polioe, and Military Policeand troops when necessary, to deal with any eventualitythat may arise.d. Similar police provisions at any authorized paradewith appropriate traffic regulations to confine it to aspecified route.

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e. Regulation of picket lines at strikes. to ensurepeaceful picketing.092. Dispersal of Mats. Public Safety Officers mustbe prepared to take prompt and stern action to repressany serious uprising or demonstration in its initialstages. They should not hesitate to use foroe to dis-perse assemblies when events justify. They shouldhave :a. Advance knowledge of the location and strength ofexisting reserves of municipal police, gendarmerieor other poliae auxiliarias.b. Advance arrangements for equipping these forceswith arms, ammunition and tear gas or other meansof combatting suoh uprisings.c. The assistanae of the Military Polioe -and troopsacoording to pro-arranged plans should civil poliaereserves be insurtlo lent.093. Investigations end Preaautions. The actualdispersal of eixy riotous assembly, acoompanied by thearrest of its ringleaders, should be followed by apolice investigation designed to oonviat its insti-gators. The oooperation of Counter Intelligenoe per-sonnel should be sought in any such investigation.KUOWII leaders Or the organization or group that foS-r e d t h e ~dl~turbanea should be arrested immediatelypending deaisien,to release, to. prosecute or to de-tain them as oWili m Internees. Consideration shouldbe given to suuoh~urther restriotions and preaautionsas are necessary to prevent a reourrenoe of lawlesa-ness

094. When politlaal aotivity is permitted, PublioBafsty Officers must exercise caution to ensure thatlegitimate pre-democratic or pro-United Nationsgatherings are not suppressed by German police underthe guise of preventing riots. Such gatheringsshould be prohibited by Public Safety Offioers onlywhen it his oonsidered essential to the maintenanceof ,Wder.~Looting 095.. Military Government will be faced at an parlystage in operation8 with the problem of looting, eitherby the 01~11 population or by troops. The solutionlies in the judicious use of preventive, deterrent,and detective methods, olose oooperation being estab-lished b~etween Publio Sarety Officers, Military Polioeand oivil polioe.090. An early duty of Publio Safety Offioers on en-try into any town or area will be to assist the localpolioe to locate and assess plaoes and goods mostvulnerable to attaok, and of speoial importance tothe Military Foroes. Consideration should be givento the proximity al these loo ions to military campsor to civilien areas containing potential ofrenders.Garages, repair shops and stores of military or oivi-lian food, clothing, fuel, building material , andother vital supplies, and all public utility installa-tions may be oonsidered vulnerable. Cultural treasures,public offices and reoord.smust also be protected.097. Vulnerable buildings or premises should be made

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as physically eoure as possible and any inadequatestructure hould be reinforced ith the help oflocal material and labor. Attention should be givento adequate looks, bars on Uoors and wind&s, theuse of barbed wire, and to then llocation f res-ponsibility or making each building secure when notcovered by a resident or whole time working staff.098. Special guards should be posted at vulnerablepoints by the German polioe, under direction fPublic Safety Officers. Patrols of German policeshould be employed o examihe, at frequent inter-vals, vulnerable nguarded buildings nd guardedbuildings hich deserve some greater protection.If the regular police foroe is not adequate, seshould be made of any auxiliary force there may be,or the ohief of police should be required to recruitextra police especially or this purpose.099. Where resources f the local police are in-sufficient, he assistanae f Military Police andtroops should be sought to patrol or guard vulner-able areas and premises especially here troopsmay be potential ffenders r military stores areinvolved.100. Since certainty f deteotion nd punishmentis the surest means of deterrenoe, ider ublicityshould be given to any proclamations ublished e-fining the offence of looting end presoribing enal-ties in reopect to it, and penalties ssessed bythe courts to actual offenders.Protection f Monuments. ine Artsand Archives101. Public Safety Officers ill ensure the pro-tection of churches, onuments, useums, libraries,archives, cientific nstitutions, nd any otherbuildings hich house materials of cultural im-portance or to which works of art and other cul-tural materials ay have been moved for safe-keeping.They will require the local police to provide guardsand make provision or fire protection. Such pro-tection will be especially mportant f the buildingsin question have been damaged or if their staffhas deserted or is inadequate o protect them andtheir contents gainst removal of building aterials,pilfering, ooting, anton damage, or other tres-pass. Coordination ith Military Poliae will beneoessary o regulate the oonduot of troops towardschurches,.monuments, other buildings r sitesndof cultural importance r to enforce the placing,of uoh buildings off limits by military comman-ders. Specialist G Offioers for Monuments, ineArts, and Archives ill be available t higherheadquarters o give teohnical advice when required.102. It is anticipated hat works of art, literarytreasures,and other cultural aterials lunderedfrom countries hich have been under German occu-pation will have passed not only into public museumsor depots but also into the private possession fhigh German offioials nd influential itizens..Attempts ill certainly e made to remove or cou-teal such plunder from identification nd rsnovery.Public Safety Officers ill require the Germanpolice to safeguard ecords concerning orks otart from alteration, o investigate ny informa-tion received concerning he disposition r con-

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107 Cooperation with kilitary Government F'inan-cial Officers concerned with the reactivation ofbanks, and with censorship through Cohnter Intel.-ligence, is helpfttl n the discovery of counter-feit currency and'subsequent investigation. b108. Forged permits can be more swiftly detectedif sentrses and guards are constantly alert andthoroughly familiar with the pattern an8 peculia-rities of genuine documents.109. The technicalities of forgery are-suchthat investigation ban be more adequately madeby specialist officers of the German police.Public Safety Officers should n su r that thenumber so assigned are sufficient to ,cope iththe duties to be performed. Where necessarythese specialist staffs should be augmented andrelevant adjustments made in the strength of theforce concerned.Control of Black Market110. Extensive black market operations resultingfrom the dislocation of the machinery of collec-tion an5 distribution of supplies lowers publicmorale and places an urgent duty upon Public Safe-ty Officers to refiew immediately the extantof illicit trading and to,ensure that the .policetake measures of prevention and detection. Blackmarket operations embrace (a) illicit tradingin rationed commodities, (b) trading in stolenr diverted military supplies, and (c) violations,of price fixing regulations.111. Citizens otherwise law abiding, sometimesresort to illicit purchasing when the necessitiesand common luxuries of life are in short supply.Slack market operators, prompted by criminalmotives, exploit this tendency of people to supple-ment what they receive through the legal channelsof distribution. ,Some stablished merchants,however, become black market traders because (a)legitimate profits are inadequate to cover theiroverhead expenses, (b) they distrust the existingmachinery of distribution, or (c) they flack aithin the currency. These are likely to be found ingreater numbers during the early stages of occu-pation.112 An analysis of the source of supply of theblack market will immediately suggest policemeasures for its repression. In order of theirimportance, the sources are:a. Diversion of agricultural produce by thefarmer from the governmental machinery set up'tocollect and control crop production.b. Diversion of agricultural produce by foodprocessors from the governmental machinery setup to control r00a processing.c. Diversion of rationed articles by manufacturers,wholesalers, retailers and governmental distri-buting agencies rrom the legal channels of dis-tribution.a Accumulated hoards of food and other articlesconcealed or stolen from the German army or fromthe Nazi government.

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e. Thefts from military end civilian stores in wam-houses, dumps and stock-piles r while in transit.f. Barter of articles and produce between civilians.8. Barter between members of the military forces andoivllians f food and articles imported for and issuedto the military forces.113. Repression f the black market is not the res'ponsibility,of ublio Safety Officers only; It callsfor joint action by Military Government fficers super-vising agriculture, rade and industry, conomics, in-ance, civilian supply, transportation, nd by the Mili-tary Police.114. The suppression f black market operations equiresattention y the Public Safety Officers to the following:a. Frequent.conferencesnd close liaison with MilitaryGovernment ffioers supervising ivil authorities hargedwith the regulation nd control of agriculture, ndus-trial produotlon, he imposition nd collection f quotas,'prioe oontrol and the governmental achinery for distri-bution and rationing, o the end that such regulationand control shall be at ll times efficiently nd honest-ly operated.b. The early reactivation f special enforcement nitsin any of the egenoies entioned in the preceding ara-graph.o. The early reaotlvation f branches of the GermanPolioe assigned o the investigation nd detection f,blaak market violations. Individual embers of theCriminal olioe have been specially rained with res-psot to the prloe oontrol and rationing regulations,and in some eases h ve been attached direotly o looalprioa aontrol and rationing offiOe8 as investigators.b asurss mnst be taken to ensure that personnel of policeunits asalgned to blaok market Investigation re oom-petent, adequate In number, and free from aorrupt in-fluenoe. Dishonest, neffioient, nd suspect personnel-Illuste eliminated.d. All blaok market oomplaints hould be promptly re-ferred to the enforoement nits aonoerned ho shall berequired to submit reports of investigations nd period-ical tvummaries f arrests and disposition f,cases toPtablfoSafety Offioere.. Should the situation eoome serious, a specialistPublLSafety Offioer ay be assigned to devote h\s ef-.forts exolusively o the suppression f the black market.r Use of underoover investigators o deteot violations,particularly y retailers or corrupt enforcement fficials.The use of women should be considered or this purpose.g. Inspeotlon f oivilian vehioles y military and civilpolice at road blocks.h. yrequent lnspeotion f stocks on hand and books andreoords of wholesale end retail concerns suspeoted offllgagingin blaok market sales.Assignment f police guards to prevent looting frommilitary and oi~llian stockpiles nd to guard and protectsuoh supplies during loading or unloading operations ndwhile they are in transit by rail, water or highway.j. Suggestions o Military Government ffioers respon-sible for Civilian upply oonoerning he importationof artioles hich investigations y Public Safety Of-fioersYdisoloseto be In short supply.k. Suggestions o the Military Commander oncerningthe prohibition of purchases by military personnel ofgoods in short supply and declaring restaurants andhotelrdining rooms off limits.

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L, Prohibition of the sale or barter of food and otherarticles imported for and issued to military personnelfor their erolusive use and strict enforoement of suohregulations upon mllftary personnel and aivilians alike.m. Propaganda by radio and press appealing to patriotismand self-interest, enoouraging the disclosure of viola-tions to the poliOe,by the publio, publicizing punlsh-ments meted out to violators, and in general making theoonsumers understand that the blaok market deprives themof their share of the neoessitles of life. . . .115. For ~a description of the German administrativeoontrols over food production, rationing and price oon-trol, see Annex V of the German Basic Handbook, pages567 to 571, inclusive.Control of Venereal Disease116. The lmpairmdnt of the health of the Allied troopsresulting from VD o&s for preventive measures to breffected by olose liaison between Yilitary GovernmentPublio safety and Publio, Health Off leers , Rilftary Polioe,military nd civil medical offioere and the olvil ad-minietrative authorities, in order that the risks ofinfeotlon may be minimized.117. The measures neoessary in aaj attempt to mind&ethe dango? of lnfeotlon among troops frill into two groups:a. Those whioh apply to the troops themselves. .b. Those whloh apply to civilians.118. The health and oon&r.ot of troops is the respon-sibility of their ~milltary oommanders. In ru1ri11ingthis ~responslblllt~, nllitary ,oommanders are assistedby medical offioers nd Military Pollee. Regulationsmay be Imposed upon the oonduot of troops and brothelsand disorderly houses may be dealared off l mlts totroope.119. It Is the rasponsibllity of Pub110 Safety Of-fioers to ensure that the German polioo require the~ciyil population to -observe all German laws end regu-lati6ns and all military ordinenoee relating to the oon-trol of prostitution and venereal disease, and to ap-pareBend and proseoute all olvilian violators Including.thOse who induor or inrite troops to visit premiseswhioh haye been deolared off linitr.i20. Under the German law,the German pollae have arespogsibilitg to enforer all laws relat,lng to the oon-t,ml~of prost.itutlon and any health regulations oonoern-i.ng dommunioable diseases, lnoludi. YD. Indlridualprost,ltufee m y be lioensed but ho * of prortitutlonand street solioltating ere I llegal and it is unlawfulto rent a hotel ~r to a prostitute. Before a lioensea~issuad the prostitute must be ex mined by a ~phys1c~e.nand thereafter must Oontinuo to be exam1 d at leastonoe aa h Week. I t:L a crime lcnowingl~ transmitvenereal dlaeasr toanother, or to negleot treatmentif inreoted, and ang p rson suffering from VD .in aninfectious stage must be foroibly quarantined and treated.121. The two prinoipal publia safety objeotives inany attempt to mlnlmlze the danser of lnfeation,amcrngtroops are:a. A minti frequenoy of exposure to lnfeotlon.

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b. A minimum incidence f VD among the civilian popu-lation, particularly mong amateur and professionalprDi3t it Xi.122. Complaints manating rom military aouroes re-garding the location, onduct and identity f prostitutesshould be acted upon by the German police. Similarly,Public Safety Officers should arrange for the transmis-sion to the Military Police of all oomplaints romlicensed rostitutes r other sources regarding heoonduot of troopa,in elation to invididual rostitutee.123. If the VD rate among our roops reaohes undueproportions Public Safety Offioers should require thepolioe to inorease their activity in the enforoementof the German laws and any Proclamationa dealing withthe eubjeot. This may lnvolve~the ollowing:a Creation of a speoial~ olice unit to deal with'prostitution r the enlargement r reorganization f thepresent one.b. Assignment f police with underoovsr operators oapprehend clandestine rostitutes. Large oities shouldbe divided into districts here opportunities ttraotthe clandestine rostitute, nd teems should be aesignedto eaoh.o. Aeeignment f patrol teems to areas frequented ypimps and prostitutee. Suoh teems may require the ae-oietanoe of Military Polioe to prevent troop inter-ferenoe with the per?ormanoe f their duties.d. Assignment f police to apprehend for quarantineand treatment r to prosecute any woman reported byarmy medioal officers to have infsoted troops with vene-real disease.e. Daily or weekly reports of arrests by he policeassigned as above and inaistanoe hat the arrests beincreased 0 long as VD rate among troops is high.124. Military Government ublic Safety Offioers illmaintain olose liaison with Military Government ublioHealth Officers on all venereal disease problems pre-aenting medioal aepeote.Control of Narootlcs125. The central authority esponsible or control rnarootios is the Reich Ministry of Health. Suppressionof illicit raffic is, however, a police responsibilityThis has been oarried out by the Narootic Drugs CentralBureau attached to the office of the Police Presidentin Berlin. special bureau for narootioa controlie also organized In the Hamburg police department.126. The German law for the oontrol of traffio innarootics eets the requirements f the InternationalConventions or Narcotic Drugs of 1925 and 1931. Speciallicenses are required for the manufacture f and whole-sale trade in these products. Speoial registers ustbe maintained f all drug traneaotione nd these areverified by inspections wioe yearly and more frequentlyin the case of pharmaoiste. Pharmaoi te ay sell drugsonly cn medical presoriptlons. StrSot regulations lsoapply to the prescription f medicines containing ar-eotio drugs and their dispensing y pharmaoiets.127. Public Safety Offloere~ill ensure that the Ger-

t man police continue to ake all meaeuree, o ontrol il-lioit traffic in naroote. Investigations f violations- 27 -


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of the narcotics laws end regulations should be conductedby specialist officers of the civil police and Public SafetyOfficers will ensure that the personnel so assigned are com-_etent and adequate to cope with the problem.rControl of Intoxicating Liquors

128. The unre:gula~tedse of intoxicants by our troopsmay jeopardize discipline and promote conduct havingserious repercussions. The use by civilians may breeddisorder. The use by either or both Mayo esult in quar-rels between civilians and troops that may lead to seriousbreachesof the peace, to riots and to bloodshed.129. Should conditions warrant it, the Public safety Of-ficer will require thet local laws be supplemented by addi-tional regulations designed to minimize the evils mentionedabove. Such regulations, however, should not ignore localcustoms.130. The licensing power may prove a useful aid in theenforcement of regulations affecting retailers. PublicSafety Officers should require the police to revoke thelicense of establishments where disorders or eriousbreaches of regulations occur.131. At a later stage, if specifically ordered by theMilitary Government, combined patrols of German Police andMlltary Police may be used to enforce regulations govern-ing premises placed out of bounds and to regulate the onduct of soldiers and civiliens visiting premises uponwhich no prohibition has been placed,Supervision of Licensing132. Generally speaking, no business, trade or craft canbe exercised in Germany without a license of some type. Ifany business is started without a permit the police -mayclose it down. This can also be done if the owner of thebusiness fails to-comply with any of the numerous traderegulatione.153. The general cciltrol f licensing comes under theGewerbepolizei which is a branch of the Verwaltungspolizei,and in towns where there is a State Police Administrationthis department is known as Abteilung IV. In small com-munities these duties are undertaken by the local officials(gemeindliche verwaltungsbeamten). This office also con-trols by license or permit, theaters, cinemas, exhibitionsand shows, pleasure parks or arcades where automatic machinesare installed, firearms, markets, music and dancing, racingtotalisators and lotteries. In general, the officialgranting the license for such businesses as hotels, thea-ters and cinemas is the Landrat. Lower-grade trade licensesare granted by the police or the Mayor.134. German Police Officials will be ordered to ensurethat existing licensing regulations are enforced by thelocal police and that the administrative machineryfor the issuance of licenses is adequately manned andmaintained in operation under their, upervision. zxistinglicensing procedures may prove helpful to Public Safe-ty Officers since refusal of applications for licensesand revocations or suspensions of exi.stSni_Ticenses mayprovide a means of dealing wit i ersons whose actionswhile inimical to lW.ilitn~~overnment interests duo otamount to conduct warranting stronger action. The re-cords of such licenses may also be of value ir criminal

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investigations and security enquiries.135. No fundamental changes are contemplated in theexisting German procedures for issuing motor vehiclelicences, drivers licences, and permits for the opera-tion of motor vehicles after inspection for roadworthi-ness, nor will the use of motor vehicles for civilianpurposes be prohibited. The diffjculties of enforcementand the tremendous burden involved in the issuance ofexemptions make this impractical. The restriction ofthe use of motor vehicles to essential civilian needswill be controlled through the rationing of fuel, tires,oil, and spare parts and the enforcement of existinglicensing laws with such modifications as may be neces-sary~to meet changed conditions.TRAFFIC CO:U iROLMilitary Supply Routes136. The Q(Movements)/Army Transportation Officer willnotify the Military Police of designated supply routes.These routes will be posted by Military Police assistedby civil police with board and metal signs augmented bypaper posters. Ior;ns shown in Appendix 5i nd AppendixN are samples o? posters which may be used. Appendixti is more restrictive than Appendix lg. ,joard r metalsigns should be larger than the posters and should beerected on each side of every crossroad. Fosters shouldbe placed at frequent intervals.137. The Q(kovementsj/Army Transportation Officer willalso notify the XilLtary Police when roads are to bediscontinued as Xilitary Supply.routes. Xilitary Policeassisted by civil police will then remove the restrictivesigns.138. Public Safety Officers will require the Germanpolice to cooperate with the Yilitary Police in~theenforcement of the restrictions imposed on civiliantravel on Military Supply routes.139. Public Safety Officers will utilize ail availablemedia to inform the civil population of travel restriction,especially in so far as they apply to'kilitary Supply routes.140. Military Police and civil police'performillg utyon Military Supply routes will be supplied with booksof Impoundment kotices as shown in Appendix T to beused in duplicate when a vehicle is found on a kiiliterySupply route and the vehicle or any part thereof isimpounded. The duplicate notice is to be given to theperson.in charge of the vehicle and the original deliveredwith the property to be impounded to the nearest policestation.Other Areas141. Military traffic will result in a great increasein the number of motor vehicle accidents involving fata-lities and personal injuries to military and cIviliandrivers and pedestrians. The prevention of such accidentsis important because:a. They injure or kill kilitary personnel.b. They render inoperative badly-needed military vehicles.C They subject the Military Forces to claims for damage.a. They injure the prestige of the Military Forces.

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142. The control of civilian traffic in all areasexcept on military supply routes is the responsibilityof the civil police su.pervised y Police Safety Officers.In.providing.this control Public Safety Officers shouldencourage the police to undertake suitable programs of:a. Education, to ensure that pedestrians and motoristsare informed of safe driving and w.alking ractices and.of motor vehicle regulations.b. Engineering, to ensure that hazardous locations andareas on~roads required for Kilitary Government purposesare spotted and studies made thereof with a view to thecorrection of the hazardous conditions by regulation,re-design of roadway or removal of obetaales to travelor viev , nd also to assure that signs, signals andmarkings are used to the best advantage and properlymaintained.C Rnforcement.1) To ensure that all traffio regultitions mposed onthe population are rigidly enforoed, the regulartraffic forces being augmented when necessary.2) Public Safety Officers will arrange for the civilpolice to be instructed in the us of hand signalsused by the Bhilitary olice in order to facilitatetheir assistance in directing military traffic.(3) Public Safety Officers will report to the Lilitary ~Police instances of improper driving by militarypersonnel.143. Publio Safety Officers will advise police authoritiesand Military Commanders on traffic restrictions whichshould be imposed in towns and clties,,such es speedlimits on heavily travelled streets, streets to be one-way, streets to be restricted to military vehicles androuting of milit ry traffic.Refugees and Displaced Persons144. Definitions. Refugees include German clzvilians~temporarily homeleas because of military operations, *or at some distance from their homes for reasons relatedto the war, who desire to return to their homea but rs-quire assistance to do so. Displaced persons includenon-G

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