military standard nomenclature and definitions in the

*>.! -- --”. .

MIL-STD-444Notice I22 August 1963

MILITARY STANDARD

NOMENCLATURE AND DEFINITIONS IN THE

AMMUNITION AREA

TO ALL ACTIVITIES:

1. The following pages of MIL-STD-144 have been revised and supersede the pages..+ .- listed:

‘V.,. . . . .

ii

8

9

14

15

16

17

45

75

102

104

118

139

149

Date

22 Auaust li363

22 August 1S16S

22 Augmt 1963

!22August 1963

22 August 1963

,22August 1963

22 August 1963

22 Au~st 1963

22 August 1963

22 August 1963

22 August 1963

22 August 1963

22 August 1963

22 August 1963

2. Retain thb notice and insert before the table of contents.

Data

6 Febmary 1959

6 February1959

6 February1959

16 February”1959

6 February1959

6 Febmary 1959

6 February1959

6 February195e

6 February1959

6 February1959

6 February1959

6 Febrma~ 1959

6 February1959

6 February1959

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Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com

MIL-STD44422 August 1963

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

WASHINGTON D.C.

Nomenclature and Definitions 22 August 1963in the Ammunition Area

MIL-STD-444

1. Thk standard has bqm approved by the Department of Defense ,and is mandatoryfor use by the Departments of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force, effective 6 February1959.

2. Recommended correstioris, additions, or deletions should be addressed to Headquarters,DSA, Standardization Division, Washington 25, D.C.

%i&&&d& page ii’of 6 Febmary 1959.

ii


MII.-STD-44422 August 1962

backblast

Rearward blast of gases to the rear ofrecoilless weapons, rocket launchersand rocket assisted takeoff units.

backblast area

Cone shaped area in rear of a recoillessweapon, rocket launcher or rocket as-sisted takeoff unit which is dangerousto personnel.

bag, cartridge

Sew bag, propellant

bag, powder

See: bag, propellant

bag, propellant

Fabric container that holds the propellingcharge for separate loading or semi-fixed ammunition. Usually made ofcartridge cloth, a special fabric that isconsumed without leaving a burningresidue.

bagloading

The loading of propellant into bags toform propelling charges for semifixedor separate loading ammunition.

ball Ammo nomen

1. Indicates a bullet for general use asdistinguished from bullets for specialuses such as armor-piercing, incen-diary, high explosive, etc. 2. Indicates asmall arms propellant which is oblatespheroidal in shape, generally doublebase propellant.

BALL, CELLULOSE-NITRATE

An item to simulate gunfire, for trainingpurposes.BALL, CELLULOSE-NITRATE: pOW-der filled.

ball ammunitionhlona~~r-piercing Small armS ammuni-

tion in which the projectile is solid. Itis intended for use against personnel,light material targets or for trainingpurposes

ballisticPertaining to ballistics

the motion of missiles.

ballistic coefficient

(which see) or

Thenumerical measure of the ability of a

missile to overcome air resistance. Itis dependent upon the mass, the diam.eter and the form factor (which see).

ballistic equivalenceSubstitution of a single perforated grain

with web of 1.23 to 1.28 times the webof a seven-perforated grain for pre-liminary interior ballistic calculationsis sometimes desirable. Since the as-

sumed grain gives about the same cal-culated results as the multiperforatedgrain, they are said to have ballisticequivalence.

ballistic limitThe minimum velocity at which a particu-

lar armor-piercing projectile is expect-ed to consistently completely penetratearmor plate of given thickness andphysical properties at a specified angle ●of obliquity. Because of the expense offiring tests and the impossibility of con-trolling striking velocity precisely, plusthe existence of a zone of mixed resultsin which a projectile may completelypenetrate or only partially penetrateunder apparently identical conditions,statistical approaches are necessary,based upon limited firings. Certain ap.preaches lead to approximation of theV,, Point, that is, the velocily at whichcomplete penetration and incompletepenetration are equally likely to occur.Other methods attempt to approximatethe VO Point, that is, the maximumvelocity at which no complete penetra-tion will occur. Other methods attemptto approximate the Vi,, Point, that is,the minimum velocity at which all pro-jectiles will completely penetrate.

ballistic missileSpecifically, any missile guided especially

in the ascending part of its trajectory,

8 ●Supermdss page 8 of 6 February 1959.


but generally becoming a free fallingbody in the latter stages of its flightthrough the atmosphere. This missilecontains guiding devices, such as presetmechanisms, but it is distinguished from

a ~ided missile in that it becomes a freefalbng body, subject to ballistic reac-tions as it descends through the atmos-phere. Currently the term has a strongconnotation of a missile designed totravel outside, or in the outer reaches.of, the atmosphere before plunging to-ward its target. The German V-2, Po-laris, Pershing and Thor are consideredballistic missiles. cf: guided missile.

ballistic mortar

A heavy, short barrelled mortar, pendu-lum mounted, for determining the rela-tive power of explosives. A small sam-ple of a test explosive is placed in thedetonation chamber and a projectile islocated forward of the charge. Upon

●detonation the projectile is driven intoa sand bank and the mortar swingsthrough an arc. A marker records themaximum height to which the mortarrises on its arc. The weight of the testexplosive required to produce the samerise as 10 grams of TINT is determined,and the rating is the percentage result-ing from dividing 10 by the determinedweight and multiplying by 100. Thisfigure is called the TNT value.

ballistic pendulum

First reasonably accurate ballistic meas-uring instrument for determining pro-jectile velocity; described by BenjaminRobins before the Royal Society ofEngland in 1743. A bullet was fired intoa wood pendulum, and its velocity de.twmined by equating the expressionsfor tile momentum of the bullet beforestriking the pendulum and the momen-tum of the pendulum after receiving thebullet.

ballistic table

Compilation of ballistic data from which

● 9

MII.-STD-44422 August 1963

trajectory elements such as angle offall, range to summit, time of flight,ordimte at any time, etc., can be ob-tained.

See also: firing table

ballistic waveAn audible disturbance caused by the

compression of air abead of a missilein flight.

ballistic weaponAny missile weapon, as a bomb, rocket,

projectile, or bullet,’ affected by ballis-tic conditions.

ballisticsBranch of applied mechanics which deals

with the motion and behavior charac-teristics of missiles, that is, projectiles,bombs, rockets, guided missiles, etc., andof accompanying phenomena. It can beconveniently divided into three branch-es: i?tte?io?’ ballistics, which deals withthe motion of the projectile in the boreof the weapon; extem”or ballistics,which deals with the motion of the pro-jectile while in flight; and twmind bal-hktzks, which is concerned with the &fectand action of the projectile when it im-pacts or bursts.

ballistic of penetration

That part of terminal ballistics whichtreats of the motion of a projectile as itforces its way into targets of solid orsemisolid substances such as earth,concrete, or steel.

See also: ballistics

ballistite

Often capitalized. A smokeless propellantcontaining nitrocelhdose and nitrogly-cerin, used in some rocket, mortar, andsmall arms ammunition.

balloting

A tossing or bounding movement of aprojectile within the limits of the borediameter, while moving through thebore under the influence of the propel-Iant’gases. The projectile normally con-tacts the bore at the rotating band and

Supersedespage 9 of 6 February1959.


MIL-STD-44422 August 1963

blood gas

War gas which, when absorbed into thebody, primarily by breathing, affectsbody functions through action on theoxygen-carrying properties of the bloodand interferes with normal transfer ofoxygen from lungs via the blood tobody tissues. Examples: CHEMICALAGEXT, HYDROGEN CYANIDE; ar-

Sine; CHEMICAL AGENT, CYANO-GEN CHLORIDE.

blow

(Sometimes with ‘up’). Explosion.

boattail

1. Having a tapered-in base; boat-tailed.2. The base of a projectile when shapedlike the frustum of a cone.

See: base of projectile.

body

1. Principal part of any object. Z Thatpart of a fuze that houses the workingparts. 3. The cylindrical portion of aprojectile between the front bourreletand the rotating band.

BODY, PRACTICE HAND GRENADE

An inert metal part, simulating in contourand weight the body of a service handgrenade. The body is designed to ac-commodate an igniter type of FUZE,HAND GRENTADE and a small blackpowder charge to give indication offunctioning. Designed for repeated usein training exercises by replacing fuzeand black powder chmge.

BODY, PRACTICE! HAND GRE-h’ADE: M21 and MK2

bomb

1. In a b~oad sense, an explosi!-e or oti?erlethal agent together with its containeror holder, which is planted ortbrovm byhand, dropped from an aircraft: or pro-jected by some other slow-speed device(as by lobbing it from a mortar), andused to destroy, dam.age, injure, O! kill.2. Anything similar to this object in

appearance, operation, or effect, as aleaflet bomb, smoke bomb, photoflashbomb, a bomb-like container or cham-ber, etc. 3. In specific senses: a. An aerialbomb; b. A nuclear bomb. Often called“an A-Bomb or an H-Bomb.” In sensel,‘bomb’ includes grenades, aerial bombs,infernal machines, mortar projectiles,etc., but does not include cannon pro-jectiles, torpedoes, aircraft rockets, ormines. Guided missiles, ballistic missiles,explosive robot planes and similar de-vices are, however, sometimes popularlyreferred to as ‘bombs’ or ‘flying bombs.’In sense 3-a, the word ‘bomb’ is oftenmodified by a designating attributive, asinarmor-piercing bomb, chemical bomb,conventional bomb, etc. The varioustypes of bombs are separately listed anddefined. The term is used in this publi-cation in sense %a unless otherwise in-dicated.

See: bomb, aerial.

bomb, aerialA bomb designed to be dropped from an ●

aircraft, carrying either a high ex-plosive or another agent, and normallydetonated on contact or by atiming de-vice. Usually shortened by merely‘bomb.’ Examules: BOMB. FRAG-MENTATION;” BOME, kENEEALPURPOSE.

bomb, antitankA bomb designed or intended to be used

against tanks or other armored vehicles.

BOMB, ARMOR-PIERCINGA missile, designed for dropping f~om ~ir.

craft, which is capable of penetm.tingthe heaviest deck aru-.or without bre:~k-ing up. Also effective against reinforcedconcrete structures. Usually contains anexplosive charge of Explosive D, weigh-ing about 15 percent of the totcl weightof tbe bomb.

BOMB, ARMOR-PIERCING: 1,600-lb, Explosive D, AN-MARK 1MOD1

14

Supersedespage 14 of 6 Febmary 1959.


bomb, atomic (A-bomb)

Meaning formerly limited to a bomb inwhich the explosive consists of a nu-clear-t? ssiOnab\e, radlomtive material,as uranium 2.35 or plutonium 239. Nowaccepted as synonymous with the termbomb, fission (which see). Also seebomb, nuclear.

bomb, blastSee: bomb, light case.

bomb, butterflyA small fragmentation or antipersonnel

bomb equipped with folding wingswhich rotate and arm the fuze as thebomb descends. Designed to be droppedin clusters, they are frequently fittedwith antidisturbance or delay fuzes.

bomb, buzzThe V-1 robot plane of World War II, so

named for the buzzlike noise of itspulse-jet engine. Colloquial.

●See also: bomb, flying.

bomb, chemical agentA bomb having a chemical agent for its

main charge. Examples: BOMB, GAS;BOMB, INC EN DIARY; BOMB,SMOKE.

bomb, cobaltA theoretical atomic or hydrogen bomb

encased in a cobalt, tbe cobalt of whichwould be transformed into deadlyradioactive dust upon detonation.

Cf: bomb, nuclear.

bomb, conventionalAny nonatomic bomb designed primarily

for explosive effect, as distinguishedfrom a chemical bomb, leaflet bomb,incendiary bomb, or other special pur-pose bomb.

bomb, deep penetrationA bomb designed for deep penetration of

the target before exploding.

bomb, delayed actionA bomb having a delay fuze. The delav

action may vary from a fraction of asecond to several days after impact, de

● 15

MU.-STD-44422 August 1963

pending on the type of fuzing. Bombsor other projectiles having short delayfuzes are used to penetrate targets be-fore exploding; bombs having mediumdelay fuzes are used for the safety ofthe ~)lme in low altitude bombing, sothat the plane may move away from thepoint of impact before detonation;bombs having long delay fuzes arenormally used to deny territory to tbeenemy for a period of time, or to allowsuccessive waves of planes to drop theirbombs before any of them detonate.

Cf: bomb, time

bomb, demolition

See: BOMB, GENERAL PURPOSE.

BOMB, DEPTH (DB)

An explosive item designed to be droppedfrom an aircraft for use against under-water targets. When empty or inertloaded it may be used for training pur-poses.

Cf: CHARGE, DEPTHBOMB, DEPTH: 350-lb, HBX, AN-

MARK 54 MOD 1

bomb, drill

Any uncharged aerial bomb designed oradapted to train ground crews in as-sembling, fuzing, or other handling ofbombs.

bomb, dynamite

An aerial bomb or other explosive deviceprepared for dynamite sticks.

bomb, explosive

Any bomb having an explosive aa its maincharge, as distinguished from a chemi-cal bomb, or the like.

BOMB, FIRE

-4n item designed to be dropped from anaircraft to deetroy or reduce the utilityof a target by the effects of combustion.It is designed so as to contain a thick-ened fuel which spreads on impact toburn or envelope in flames personnel




and material tragets, such as vehiclesand tents.

BOMB, FIRE: 750-lb, Ml16A2BOMB, FIRE: 750-lb, MARK 77

MOD O

bomb, fission

A bomb that depends upon nuclear fissionfor release of energy.

Cf: bomb, nuclear; bomb, atomic bomb,flame

See: BOMB, FIRE

bomb, flash

See: BOMB, PHOTOFLASH

bomb, flying

Popularly, any explosive robot plane,guided missile, or the like; specifically,the German V–1 explosive robot planeof World War II.

BOMB, FRAGW!NTATION

.4n item designed to bedropped from air-craft to procl~.~< many small, highvelocity fragments when detonated.Effective against personnel and lighttargets such asautomotive materiel andaircraft on the ground.

BOMB. FRAGMENTATION: 4-lb.M83: w/bomb fuze, M129

BOMB, FRAGMENTATION: 90-lb,COMP B, M82

BOMB, FRAGMENTATION: 220-lb,COMP B, AN-M88

bomb, fusion

A bomb that depends upon nuclear fueionfor release of energy.

Cf: bomb, nuclear; bomb, hydrogen

BOMB, GAS

An item which contains a chemical agent(war gas) and designed to be droppedfrom an aircraft.

BOMB, GAS: 115-lb, persistent H,M70

T...;JB, GENERAL PURPOSE

An item desigued to be dropped from an

aircraft to destroy or reduce the utilityof a target by explosive effect. Thebomb is designed to be used againstboth material targets and personnel.When empty, or inert loaded, the bombmavbe used for trainin~mnmoses.

BOMB, GENERAL ~URP’OSE: Ioo-lb, amatol, M30, w/fin

BOMB, GENERAL P U R P O S E :1000-lb, COMP B, AN-M65

BOMB, GENERAL P U R P O S E :10,000-lb, TNT, T56 s e r i es,w/plumbing

BOMB, GENERAL P U R P O S E :10,000-lb tritonal, T56 series, w/oplumbing

bomb, glideA bomb, fitted with airfoils to provide lift,

carried and released in the direction ofa target by an airplane. A glide bombmay be remotely controlled. Certainglide bombs, as the Henschel 293, areinitially propelled by a rocket engine;other glide bombs depend for thrustentirely upon the force of gravity.

See also: azon, razon.

bomb, guidedAn aerial bomb guided, during its drop, in

range or azimuth, or in both.

bomb, heavy caseAny high explosive bomb in which the

weight of the container is relativelylarge in proportion to the weight of thebursting charge.

bomb, high capacity

A general purpose bomb designed to pro-duce maximnm blast, with a chargeweight ratio of more than 70 percent.British. Also called %last bomb’ and‘light case bomb.’

bomb, high explosive

Any aerial bomb charged with a high ex-plosive; specifically, any such bombchiefly dependent upon only its exPlo-sion, or blast effect, to create damage.‘High explosive bomb,’ in its broader

16

‘SCpeisdes page 16 of 6 February1959.



sense, is a generic term encompassingarmor-piercing bombs, general purposebombs, light case bombs, and semi-armor-piercing bombs. A high explosivebomb is distinguished from a chemicalbomb or an atomic bomb, and in itsspecific sense, from a fragmentationbomb.

bomb, hydrogen “”

A fusion bomb in which an isotope ofhydrogen is made to fuse under intenseheat, with a resultant loss of weightand release of energy. Also called the‘H-bomb.’

Cf: bomb, fusion; bomb, nuclear.

BOMB, INCENDIARY

An item designed to be dropped from anaircraft to destroy or reduce the utilityof a target by the effects of combustion.It contains an incendiary mixture andis designed to penetrate and destroy

●relatively noncombustible targets suchas buildings and fortifications. Whenempty or inert loaded it maybe used fortraining purposes.

BOMB, INCENDIARY: ‘ 4-lb, TH3,AN-M50A3

BOMB, INCENDIARY, INSTRUCTIONAL

A cylindrical metaRic item filled with anincendiary mixture, which when ignitedis used for instructing personnel in ex-tinguishing fires.

BOMB, INCENDIARY, INSTRUC-TIONAti TH3, M2

BOMB, LEAFLET

A light case bomb (made of sheet metal orlaminated plastic) designed to be filledwith !h?a.flets, provided with fuze tocause opening before impact, and re-leased from an aircraft, for distributionof itheleaflets.

BOMB, LEAFLET: 500-lb, empty,‘MI05A1’ (bomb cluster adapter,M16A:l,;modified)

bomb, light caseA type of:igeneral,,purpose xbomb.- havin@&+

a thin, fight, met@ cas~ng~;gibing” a high i~~,f+charge weight rstio and designed to’ ati- =J -complish damage primarily by blast.Also called a ‘blast bomb.’ A light casebomb usually contains a charge of from70 to 80 percent of the total weight.

See, also: BOMB, GENERAL PURPOSE

bomb, mabesium”1. An incendiary bomb in which the burn-

ing agent is magnesium.2. A magnesium flare for nse from air-

craft.See also: BOMB, INCENDIARY; flare,

magnesium.

bomb, magnesium flareA magnesium flare for use from aircraft.See also: FLARE, AIRCRAFT; flare,

magnesium

bomb, miniature practiceMiniature bomb, light and. inexpensive,

used for training of bombers. Fittedwith blank cartridge to produce smokepuff upon impact.

See: BOMB, PRACTICE

bomb, napalmA BOMB, FIRE filled with napalm, a

thickened petroleum oil. The napalmbomb is primarily an antipersonnelweapon and is often distinguished fromthe BOMB, INCENDIARY, which isnsed primarily against installations ormateriel.

bemb, nuclearA bomb that releases explosive energy

either through nuclear fission or nu-clear fusion. This term is applied eitherto the atomic bomb or the hydrOgenbomb.

See: bomb, atomic; bomb, hydrogenCf: bomb, fission; bomb fusion bomb,oilSee: BOMB, FIRE; bomki;napalm-” M .mw

bomb, openIn intelligence usage, and undisguised or

●‘;17

,Supersedes~~e .17of .6:Feb&y .1959.


●CHARGE, PROPELLING, 105 MIL-

LIMETER DUMMY: M3, for dum-my cartridge, M14

CHARGE, PROPELLING, 120 MILLI-METER-

A charge, propelling (which see) for usein 120-millimeter weapona.

CHARGE, PROPELLING, 120 MIL-LIMETER, M15A2

CHARGE, PROPELLING, 120 MILLI-METER DUMMY

A charge, propelling, dummy (which see)for 120-millimeter weapons.

CHARGE, PROPELLING, 120 MIL-LIMETER DUMMY: M13

CHARGE, PROPELLING, 115 MILLI-METER

A charge, propelling (which see) for usein 155-millimeter weapons.

CHARGE, PROPELLING, 155 MIL-LIMETER: M19

● CHARGE, PROPELLING, 155 MILLI-METER DUMMY

A charge, propelling, alum-my (which see)for 155-millimeter weapons.

CHARGE, PROPELLING, 155 MIL-LIMETER DUMMY: M1OO


A charge, propelling (which see) for usein 240-millimeter weapons.

CHARGE, PROPELLING, 240 MIL-LIMETER: M23, for 360-lb proj


A charge, propelling, dummy (which see)for 240-millimeter weapona.

CHARGE, PROPELLING, 240 MIL-LIMETER DUMMY: M12


A charge, propelling (which see) for use


in 280-millimeter weapons.CHARGE, PROPE~LING, 280, MII.q- AW

LIMETER: M38p’ ,! , H.’.I’I ‘. : I ~~’CHARGE,” RRORE~LINGJ’280$ iWIIX ‘~

LIMETER: T44, dualgran, for 600-lb proj


A charge, propelling, dummy (which see)for 280-millimeter weapons.

CHARGE, PROPELLING, 280 MIL-LIMETER DUMMY: T76

charge, reduced (red chg)Propelling charge intended to produce a

velocity below th% normal. The term ‘re-duced charge’ is sometimes used as anidentifying designation when more thanone type of propelling charge is availablefor a weapon.

charge, satchelNumber of blocks of explosive taped to a

board fitted with a rope or wire loop forcarrying and attaching. The minimumweight of the charge is usually about 15pounds.

charge, shaped (SC)An explosive charge with a shaped cavity.

Sometimes called ‘cavity charge.’ Called‘hollow charge’ in Great Britain, Use ofthe term shaped charge generally im-plies the presence of a lined cavity.

Cf : Munroe effec~ Mohaupt effect

CHARGE, SIGNAL, EJECTIONAn explosive item designed to eject a sig-

nal from a MINE, UNDERWATERwhen used for training.

CHARGE, SIGNAL, EJECTION:MARK 3 MOD O

charge, single sectionPropelling charge in separate loading am-

munition that is loaded into a single pro-pellant bag. A. single sektioni.char@ can~-’>~not be reduced or increased for changeof range, as can a multisection charge.

See also: charge, propelling

o 45

Supersedes page 45 of 6 February 1959;. :


fuseAn igniting or explosive device in the form

of a cord, consisting of a flexible fabrictube and core of low or high explosive.Used in blasting and demolition work,and in certain munitions. Fuse withblack powder or other low explosive coreis called FUSE, BLASTING, TIME.Fuse with PETN or other high explosivecore is called CORD, DETONATING.

Cf: fuse

fuse, BickfordA safety fuse, having a core of black

powder enclosed within a tube of woventhreads surrounded by various layers oftextile, waterproof material, sheathing,etc. Burns at specific rates.

See also: fuse; FUSE, BLASTING, TIME

fuse, blastingShort for “FUSE, BLASTING, TIME.”

●FUSE, BLASTING, TIME

A flexible water resistant fabric coveredcord containing a black powder core,which burns at a known rate from oneend to the other, providing a time delayproportional to the length of fuse, Usedfor igniting a blasting cap or an ex-plosive charge.

FUSE, BLASTING, TIME: M700

FUSE, BLASTING, TIME: Commercial

f usee(Pronounced ‘fu-zee.’) An igniter squib for

a rocket motor.See: FUSEE, WARNING, RAILROAD

FUSEE, WARNING, RAILROADA pyrotechnic device used as a safety signal

on railroads, normally consisting of atube or cartridge with a spike pointbase. When placed in an erect positionand ignited, the cartridge burns with awhite or colored light for a definiteperiod of time.

FUSEE, WARNING, RAILROAD:


red, 5.min.fusion, nuclear

The fusing or uniting of the atomic nucleiof an isotope, as those of deuterium, toform other nuclei under the influence ofintense heat.

See also: bomb, hydrogenfuze

1. A device with explosive componentsdesigned to initiate a train of tire ordetonation in an item of ammunition byan action such as hydrostatic pressure,electrical energy, chemical action, im-pact, mechanical time, or a combinationof these. Excludes FUSE (as modified).2. A non explosive device designed toinitiate an explosion in an item of am-munition by an action such as continuousor pulsating electromagnetic waves, ac.celebration or deceleration forces, orpiezoelectric action. Excludes SWITCH(as modified). (Use a functional modi-

fier, such as radar or impact.) (3) Toequip an item of ammunition with afuze.

Cf: fusefuze, air nose

A point detonating rocket fuze which risesvanes in the air stream to arm itself.

fuze, air pressureA conclusion fuze or a barometric fuze.See: fuze, barometric; fuze, concussion

fuze, all wayAn impact fuze designed to function r~

gardless of the direction of target im-pact. Also called ‘allways’ fuze.

fuze, antidisturbanceFuze designed to become armed after im-

pact, or after being emplaced, so thatany further movement or disturbancewill result in detonation.

Cf: fuze, antiwithdrawalfuze, ant’ihandling

See: fuze, antidisturbancefuze, antiwithdrawal

A fuze incorporating an antiwithdrawaldevice (which see).

fuze, anxiliary detonating (ADF)An additional fuze used to angment the

75

Supersedes page 75 of 6 February 1959.



plosion below the surface of the earth.Mining effect may be contrasted withthe blast effect produced by an explosionon or above the surface of the earth.

Cf: blast effect

minolHigh explosive mixture containing 40 per-

cent TNT, 40 percent ammonium ni-trate, and 20 percent powdered alumi-num. Produces large blast effect. Suit-able for melt loading (which see).

misfire

“=-Fiiilure of an item,,of.ammunition to fireaf~er initiating-action is taken.

Cf: hangfn-e; see also: fire (sense 1)

missile (msl)

1. Any object that is, or is designed to be,thrown, dropped, projected, or propelled,for the pu vpose of making it strike atraget. 2. A guided missile (which see).3. A ballistic missile (which see).

missile, antiaircraft

A guided or a ballistic missile intended tobe launched from the surface against anairborne target.

See: ballistic missile; guided missile

MISSILE, FREE FALLING, ANTIPER-SONNEL

A nonexplosive missile designed to bedropped from aircraft, for effect againstpersonnel.

MISSILE FREE FALLING, TIRE-PUNC-TURING

A nonexplosive missile designed to bedropped from aircraft, on roads and air-field runways, to cause damage to tiresof vehicles or aircraft, by contact.

i\iiwnay-Schartiln effect!’* e ~cceleration of a solid endplate (usual-

Iy metal) from the fact of an explosivecharge under detonation, such that the

endplate remains a solid and functions●

as a missile.

Mohaupt effectThe effect of a metal liner introduced in

a shaped charge to increase penetration.Generally incorporated in HEAT am-munition.

See also: Munroe effect

monopropellantA liquid chemical compound, or liquid mix-

ture of compatible chemical compounds,which is stable and can be handled,stored, and fed into the combustionchamber of the missile from one storagetank. The liquid must then be capable,under proper ignition conditions, of sup-porting its own combustion at a rate todevelop a useful thrust.

Cf: bipropellant; multipropellant

MOORING AND SAFETY DEVICE, UN-DERWATER MINE

An item designed to provide a safe-when-adrift feature in an underwater mine.It is assembled to an underwater mine ●case and contains a spring loaded shackleto which the mooring is secured. Whenproperly moored, tension of the mooringchain or cable operates the underwatermine extender; when this tension is re-leased the item releases the extender andallows it to retract, rendering the un-derwater mine safe.

MOORING AND SAFETY DEVICE,UNDERWATER MINE: MARK 1MOD O

mortarA gun, sense 1 (which see) with a short

barrel and low muzzle velocity. Thesevalues are below those of a howitzer. Itis designed for high angle fire againsttargeta which cannot be reached by flattrajectories. It is usually of simple con-struction and designed for lightness andmobility.

motor, recket

102

f%persede~pase 102 of 6 February1959.



See also: CHEMICAL AGENT, INCEN-DIARY OIL; THICKENER, INCEN-DIARY OIL

NATO Ammo nomenThe initial letters of North Atlantic Treaty

Organization. Indicates that ammuni-tion is for use in NATO weapons, as forexample, the 7.62-millimeter light weightrifle or machine gun.

NAVOL TANK, TORPEDOA tank forming part of a torpedo assem-

blage, provided for the storage of solu-tion of hydrogen peroxide in water. De-composition of the hydrogen peroxidefurnishes the oxygen required to effectcombustion of the fuel, alcohol.

NAVOL TANK, TORPEDO: fortor-pedo, MARK 16 MOD 6

neck, caseCylindrical portion of cartridge case b~

tween mouth and shoulder.

nerve gas

Chemical agent (war gas) which isabsorbed into the body by breathing, byingestion, or through the skin, and af-fects the nervous and respiratory sys-tems and various body functions.Examples: soman; tabun; CHEMICALAGENT, ISOPROPYL METHYL-PHOSPHONOFLUORIDATE (sarin).(See separate entries.)

Neumann effect

Term sometimes used by Europeans forthe more common British-Americanterm of Munroe effect (which see).

See also: charge, shaped

neutral burning

See: neutral granulation

neutral granulation

Propellant granulation in which the sur-face area of a grain remains constantduring burning. The burning of a pro-pellant with neutral granulation istermed ‘neutral burning.’

Cf: depressive granulation; progressivegranulation

NH propellant

A propellant which, by reason of its for-mulation or method of manufacture,does not absorb moisture from the air.

See: nonhygroscopic

NITRIC ACID, GUIDED MISSILE

A chemical manufactured specifically foruse in guided missiles which must con-tain a minimum by weight of 0.5 percenthydrofluoric acid inhibiter and 13 per-cent nitrogen dioxide. Excludes NITRICACID, ACS ; NITRIC ACID, ANA-LYZED REAGENT ; NITRIC ACID,FUMING, ACS ; NITRIC ACID, FUM-ING. TECHNICAL: NITRIC ACID.REAGENT and NITRIC ACID, TECH:NICAL.

NITRIC ACID, GUIDED MISSILE:special purpose, for Nike

nitrocellulose (NC)

Cellulose nitrate. An explosive used in themanufacture of smokeless propellants.Formed by the action of a mixture ofnitric and sulfuric acids on cotton orsome other form of cellulose. Guncottonis a nitrocelhdose that has a very highnitrogen content.

nitrocelhdose propellant

A single base propellant whose main con-stituent is nitrocellulose, with onlyminor percentages of additives, forstabilizing, etc.

See: propellant

nitrocotton

See: guncotton

nitrogen mustard gas (HN)

..—-

See: CHEMICAL AGE-NT, NITROGENMUSTARD GAS

nitroglycerin (NG)

Nitrated ester of glycerol in which the OHradicals are replaced by NO*. A color-

104 ●S~Fsedes page 104 of 6 February1959,



propelling a projectile. Restricted tosmall arms propellants, for which thegrain size is small. In larger grain formit is called simply ‘propellant.’

See also: powder, propeRantPROPELLANT POWDER: pistol, P-

caliber .30 carbinePROPELLANT POWDER: pistol, P-

4768, caliber .45PROPELLANT POWDER: pyro DG,

caliber .30

propellant tagLinen tag attached to a propellant bag,

carrying information about the propel-lant charge, such as the name of theloading plant, the date of loading, andthe caliber and model of the gun forwhich it was made. Formerly called‘powder tag.’

propellantDriving forward, able or tending to pro-

pel, asin’apropellent gas,’ Should notbe used as a noun in place of propellant(which see).

propelling charge explosive trainSee: explosive train

PTXIExplosive consisting

TNT.of RDX, tetryl and

PTX2Explosive consisting of RDX, PETN and

TNT.

PUNK, STICKA preformed material in cylindrical form,

which when ignited smolders withoutflame, to provide means for ignitingsafety fuse.

pyrocelluloseNitrocellulose having a lower nitration

than guncotton, used in smokeless pro-pellants. Contains approximately 12.6percent nitrogen. Also called ‘pyrocot-ton.’

pyrocottonSee: pyrocellulose

pyropropellantSingle base propellant consisting princi-

pally of nitrocellulose.See: propellant

mv-otechnic outfit“” See: SIGNAL KIT, PYROTECHNIC

PISTOL

pyrotechnic signalSignal (which see) designed for military

use to produce a colored light or smoke,for the purpose of transmitting infor-mation.

pyrotechnicsItems used for both military and nonmili;

tary purposes, such as producing abright light for illumination, or coloredlights or smoke for signaling, and whichare consumed in the process.

pyroxylinNitrocellulose containing less than 12,5

percent nitrogen ●quantity-distance tables

The regulations pertaining to the amountsand kinds of explosives that can bestored and tbe proximity of such storageto buildings, highways, railways, maga-zines, or other installations.

quickmatchFast burning fuse made from a cord im-

pregnated with black powder.

quicknessGeneral term, expressing the mass rate of

gas evolution of a propellant in a quanti-tive sense. Basically a function of thepropellant geometry.

quickness, relativeRatio of the quickness of a test propellant

to the quickness of a standard propellant,measured at the same initial tempera-ture and loading density in the sameclosed chamber.

radial band presure

118

5Upemedsa page 118 of 6 February1959.


●

✎

●

and also to its ammunition. The gunbore may be tapered throughout itslength or only in the muzzle section. Theprojectile which starts out aa a lightweight projectile of the larger calibermay be projected at hypervelocity in theform of a smaller caliber projectile ofnormal or heavy weight. The smallercaliber maintains a higher velocity thanwould the larger caliber (for equalweight pro j ectiles) because of loweredair resistance. For this reason the tap-ered bore is sometimes used for anti-tank weapons. Sometimes referred to as‘squeeze bore’ or ‘C,erlich gun,’ after itsoriginator.

target chargeSee: charge, target

target projectileSee: projectile. target practice

tear gasA substance, usually liquid, which, when

atomized and of a certain concentration,causes temporary but intense eye irri-tation and a blinding flow of tears inanyone exposed to it. Also called a ‘lacri-mater.’ Chloroacetophenone is a corn-.mon tear gas.

See also: CHEMICAL AGENTS, CHLO-ROACETOPHENONE; lacrimator

teller mineLarge land mine employed by the Germans

during World War II. It was an anti-tank mine weighing abont 15 pounds,shaped like a large plate (’teller’) andwas frequently booby trapped.

terminal velocity1. The constant velocity of a falling body

attained when the resistance of air orother ambient fluid has become equal tothe force of gravity acting upon thebody. Sometimes called ‘limiting ve]oc-ity.’

test, high pressure (HPT) Ammo nomenIndicates, in cafiridge nomenclature, that

139



item is intended to produce a high pres-sure in the weapon and is to be used fortest purposes.

See: cartridge, test, high pressure

test, low pressure (LPT) .4rnmo rzomwzIndicates, in cartridge nomenclature, that

item is intended to produce a low pres-sure in the weapon and, is to be used fortest purposes.

See: cart~idge, test, low pressure

test ammunitionIn a general sense, any ammunition used,

or intended to be used, for test purposes.Specifically, ammunition prepared fortesting firearms.

See also: cartridge, test, high pressure;cartridge, test, low pressure

tetryl2, 4, 6-trinitrophenylmetlly lnitramine. A

crystalline explosive of high sensitivityand brisance, used especially as a deto-nator or booster, and sometimes as abursting ch?.rge in small caliber missiles.

tetrytolA high explosive mixture of tetryl and TNT

in any of several proportions which per-mit melt loading (which see).

thermate (TH)See: CHEMICAL AGENT, THERMATE

ThermitTrademarked term of CHEMICAL

AGENT, THERMITE.

thermite (TH)See: CHEMICAL AGENT, THERMITE

thermometer, propellant temperatureSee: INDICATOR: propellant tempera-

ture

thickened fuelGasoline or a blend of gasoline and light

fuel oil with THICKENER, INCENDI-ARY OIL added; used as an incendiary



—in a propellant charge of semifixedrounds, corresponding to the intendedzone of fire, e.g., zone charge 5 consistsof 5increments0f propellant.

See also: increment

Copies of specifications, standards, draw-ings, andpublications required bycontrac-tom in connection with specific procure-ment functions should be obtained from theprocuring activity or as directed by thecontracting officer.

Copies of this standard for military use

*U. %GOVERNMENTPRINTINGOFFICLT971.43>697/9215

may be obtained as indicated in the generalprovisions of.the Department. of. Defense@ .w.tei~dexof SpecificationsandS ta,ndardk :W :c’.i.i.. kz.z

The title and identifying symbol should bestipulated when requesting copies of militarystandards.

Custodians:Army-Munitions CommandNavy—Bureau of Naval WeaponsAir Force-Ogden Air MaterialArea

PreparingActivity:Army—Munitions Command

o 149

Supersedes:page 149 of 6 February1959.


military standard nomenclature and definitions in the

Documents