milkit india review and update
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Presented by Thanammal Ravichandran and Nils Teufel at the MilkIT Final Project Workshop, Lushoto, Tanzania, 9-10 December 2014TRANSCRIPT
MilkIT India review and update
Thanammal Ravichandran, Nils Teufel and team
MilkIT Final Project Workshop, Lushoto, Tanzania, 9-10 December 2014
Enhancing dairy-based livelihoods in India and Tanzania through feed innovation and value chain development approaches
Contents
• Comp1: Institutional strengthening– Site selection and partners– Actor mapping/development history– Innovation platforms- performance- IP document analysis-sustainability– Micro-business training– Analyse innovation process- knowledge pathway study
• Comp2: Productivity– Constraint analysis FEAST– Prioritization of interventions– Participatory feeding trial– Participatory cost-benefit analysis – Balanced feeding training– Scaling up innovations (feed trough, concentrate feeding etc)
• Comp3: Communication– Advisory council meeting– Links to IFAD– Link to other stakeholders– Synthesis lessons- knowledge pathway study, FEAST repeat
Institutional strengthening
Site selection and partners
INHERE
CHIRAG
Actor mapping
• Interviews with different actors on development activities– Dairy development board (DDB)-Anchal and Mahila
dairy Vikas Prayojna (women’s dairy co-op)– Block development office (BDO)– Agricultural information centre/VPKAS/KVK
(agriculture research)– Animal husbandry department (veterinary clinic)– Forestry department– BAIF-(National NGO for breed improvement)– Other NGOs
Innovation platforminitial issues
Dairy value chain IP
State dairy co-operative
National NGO (BAIF),
agriculture research institute
IFAD
Producers
Animal husbandry
department
Private
Missing incentives?
Tendency to push technologies
Often bound by rigid rules Confidence to
communicate
Meeting/3 months Follow-up agreed actions
IPs – initial outcomes
• Bageshwar
– SHG based Jeganath milk co-operative established
– Selling milk in nearby town
– >150 farmers/suppliers
– New employment (10)
– Supported by-NABARD, AH,KVK,ILSP-convergence
– Link with private feed company
• Sult
– Link with state co-operative - 4 new collection centres established
– Relaxation of co-op rules
– Strengthening the quality system (governance)
– Access to input support (feed)
– New employment (6)
– Limited support from AH, ILSP; distance, less voice
IP meetings, summary
Type meeting Sult
[no. of meetings]
Bageshwar
[no. of meetings]
DVC (IP core) 4 3
Feed (IP core) 2 2
follow up (DVC &
feed)
53 149
Training/exposure
(DVC)
1 3
Institutional (DVC) 0 5
Total 60 162
IP meeting objectivesSult
IP meeting objectivesBageshwar
Follow up activities-Sult
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
[no.] Follow up of agreed actions,Sult [no. of discussion topics]
done partial not done
Follow up activities-Bageshwar
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
[no.] Follow up of agreed actions, Bageshwar [no. of discussion topics]
done partial
Participation-institutions
1 14
8
8
4
3
3
0
Institutional participation in IP meetings-Bageshwar [no. of meeting participations]
Anchal (dairy coop)
Agri Dept
AnimHusb Dept
IFAD (ILSP prog)
ILRI
Banks
NABARD (DevBank)
KVK/VPKAS (Agri.Res)
Forest Dept
Dynamics of participation
1stH2013 2ndH2013 1stH2014 2ndH2014
Non-Farmer 53 41 66 62
Farmer 428 440 206 215
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
No.Dynamics of participation in IP meetings,
Bageshwar
Dynamics of participation
1stH2013 2ndH2013 1stH2014 2ndH2014
Non-Farmer 70 69 41 43
Farmer 214 438 338 185
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
No.Dynamics of participation in IP meetings,
Sult
Gender analysis-farmer
1stH2013 2ndH2013 1stH2014 2ndH2014
Men 65 131 69 51
Women 104 306 269 130
0
100
200
300
400
500
No
Dynamic Gender analysis-Farmer participation in IP meetings, Sult
How many times participated?
61%
31%
6% 2%
How many times farmer members participated in IP meetings, Bageshwar
once
2-5 times
6-10 times
>10 tims
Micro-business training
• Exposure visits
• Entrepreneurship training (Pant Nagar university)
• Balanced feeding training
Feed type Fresh
offered
DM
intake
Feeding
cost/kg
Feeding
cost
total
Green
fodder
35 8.75 3 105
Concen-
trates
1.5 1.35 16 24
Total 10.1 129
Buffalo, ND, 400 BWT, 7 litres milk
Cost Benefit
Milk yield: 7 kg/d
Milk price: 30 INR/kg
Income, milk sale: 7*30= 210 INR/d
% feeding cost= 129/210*100=
61.4%
Analysis of innovation process
• Knowledge/outcome pathway study
• 24 selected and 24 control settlements
• 4 HHs (2 men/2 women) in each settlement
• Capture changes in income through linking to markets
• Changes in the marketing systems through IP efforts
• Investigate history of centre closures (Aanchal)
Income through sale of milk in 1yr
Household income from milk sales [INR/y]
cluster Mean N SE
control 1222 96 297
selected 6019 96 924
Total 3621 192 514
• Higher income from sale of milk in selected clusters (5 x)
• How far is this due to intervention?• Test through comparison of data sources
Dairy income through interventions?
Intervention Mean N SE
control 2.36 96 0.22
selected 3.74 96 0.35
Total 3.05 192 0.21
BlockID BlockName Intervention NTotProdMean
TotProdSE
SaleMean
SaleSE
108Sult control 243 1.40 0.12 0.18 0.04
108Sult selected 327 2.20 0.16 0.16 0.03
201Bageshwar control 376 0.71 0.04 0.12 0.04
201Bageshwar selected 290 0.95 0.07 0.23 0.04
From household census data (Dec 2012)
Total milk production [lts]-KP study
Intervention Mean N SE
control 0.29 96 0.07
selected 1.36 96 0.31
Total 0.83 192 0.16
Sale of milk [lts]-KP study
Aanchal Study-Reasons for closure of collection centres
In addition: very few services provided (credit, AI, health)
Village Name Why Dairy Closed
Bauli water scarcity, low milk price compared to market
Sainmanura water scarcity, fewer animals
Kunidhar low milk price
Khanulia low milk price
Sakar khola (I) low milk price
Dangola low milk price
Rikwasi low milk price, decreased livestock population
Adera Distance from road head and low price for milk
Minar low milk price, animals decreased, better price in market
Dheona Head load problem, low milk price, no secretary
Contents
• Comp1: Institutional strengthening– Site selection and partners– Actor mapping/development history– Innovation platforms- performance- IP document analysis-sustainability– Micro-business training– Analyse innovation process- knowledge pathway study
• Comp2: Productivity– Constraint analysis FEAST– Prioritization of interventions– Participatory feeding trial– Participatory cost-benefit analysis – Balanced feeding training– Scaling up innovations (feed trough, concentrate feeding etc)
• Comp3: Communication– Advisory council meeting– Links to IFAD– Link to other stakeholders– Synthesis lessons- knowledge pathway study, FEAST repeat
Productivity
Feeding constraintsFEAST - PRA
• Sult– Shortage of green fodder in summer, especially in May and June– Lack of quality veterinary services and breeding services– Lack of access to concentrate feed– Fodder wastage during feeding
• Bageshwar– Shortage of green fodder in summer (May, June) and winter
(December and January)– Fodder wastage during feeding– Lack of feeding knowledge for dairy animals– Limited AI service, especially for buffalo– Less grass-land and low quality of grass – High feed cost due to purchase of grass from other areas (Chhona)– Limited concentrate feeding
Feed innovationsfrom Feed IPs
• Feed troughs -
– wastage of fodder is main issue- ILSP support Sult
• Dual purpose crops
• Fodder grasses-
– difficulty to avail seeds, quality of seeds
• Chaff cutters
– Difficulty of Mechanised wheeled model -labour problem- only women left in home due to migration
– Smaller, labor friendly model
• Concentrate feed linked with cross bred cows/ awareness
Participatory feeding trials
• Feeding troughs and chaffing fodder
• To prevent fodder wastage while feeding
• 118 farmers participated from 7 villages
• Fast adoption of feed troughs and chaff cutter
• Perception of farmers– Less fodder wastage
– Clean fodder for animals
– Labor saved
Feed trough
Mean wastage %
N SE
No 22 872 0.3
Yes 11 1234 0.1
Cost-benefit analysis (feed trial) -Feed trough and chaffing
Cost benefit analysis for Chaffing with feeding trough
INR/ year
CostFeed trough, construction cost 625
Feed chopper 225
Maintenance, trough and chopper 300
Labour cost for chaffing 1916
Opportunity cost of waste as compost/fertilizer for land 1825
BenefitAdditional fodder gained through less wastage 3285
Labour saved for arranging the fodder around animal 1272
Reduction health expenses 600
Increase production 273
Total benefit 5430
Net profit for first year 839
Net profit for consecutive years 1389
Adoption of feed trough- KP study
0
20
40
60
80
100
Contol Selected
No. of feeding troughs; Control vs SelectedKP study
No Yes
• More feeding troughs through intervention/ convergence support
Fodder plantation -No. days fed, KP study
Clusters Mean N SE
control 11 96 4
selected 50 96 8
Total 31 192 5
No. of days fed with planted fodder (improved grasses)
• Intervention sites - more days fed with fodder planted• More convergence of development actors
- fodder seeds availed through feed IP
Concentrate feed
• Bageshwar: Jeganath cooperative established collaboration with private feed company to reduce transaction costs
• Sult: not much improvement(Aanchal concentrate not very successful)
Knowledge Pathway (KP) study
Concentrate use
Cluster
control selected
no 24 5
yes 72 91
Concentrate, source control selected
AaNCHAL 0 3
Jeganath cooperative 3 2
Local market 4 6
Own farm 65 80
No conc feed 24 5
Breed improvement
• AI and credit for mini dairy with crossbred cows
KP study:
0
50
100
150
Control Selected
Composition of breed in control/selected HHs [%share]
Crossbred Local
• Crossbred cows more in selected clusters due to convergence schemes• Bageshwar: CHIRAG/BAIF/AH active for AI services
0
10
20
30
Control Selected
Changed Breeding from NS to AI[No. of farmers]
Bageshwar Sult
Contents
• Comp1: Institutional strengthening– Site selection and partners– Actor mapping/development history– Innovation platforms- performance- IP document analysis-sustainability– Micro-business training– Analyse innovation process- knowledge pathway study
• Comp2: Productivity– Constraint analysis FEAST– Prioritization of interventions– Participatory feeding trial– Participatory cost-benefit analysis – Balanced feeding training– Scaling up innovations (feed trough, concentrate feeding etc)
• Comp3: Communication– Advisory council meeting– Links to IFAD– Link to other stakeholders– Synthesis lessons- knowledge pathway study, FEAST repeat
Knowledge sharing
Ways to share experiences & knowledge
• Advisory council meetings (development actors)
• Links to IFAD/Ajeeveka/ILSP
• District-level stakeholder meetings (CDO)
• Staff meetings between partners –experience sharing
• Capacity-building of partner staff (nutrition)
• Exposure visits with farmers (Gujrat)
• Documentation & Communication (GoogleDrive)
• IP sensitization meeting (Dehradun)
Advisory council meetingparticipation
first second third fourth fifth
ILRI 4 2 2 2 3
UCDF, Aanchal, Haldwani 1 1 1 1 3Animal Husbandry department/ULDB 2 1 0 3 4
IFAD program 1 2 3 3 3
GBPantAgriUniversity 1 0 0 1 1
GBPantInstHimalayanEnvtDevt 1 1 1 0 1
VPKAS (Agri.Res) 1 1 1 1 2
CHIRAG 1 2 6 1 2
INHERE 1 2 3 1 2
Himmothan 1 0 0 1 2
Forest Dept 4 1 0 1 5
District admin 0 1 0 0 0
BAIF 0 0 1 0 1
NABARD 0 0 0 0 2
• More actor diversity at last meeting• Aanchal/VPKAS/IFAD attended regularly
Communication tools
• Feed leaflets by ILRI and IFAD
– feeding trough
– concentrates
• IP briefs in Hindi
• Videos
– Fodder conservation / hay making
– IP role play
– Market innovations
Regional collaboration
• Stakeholder meeting (November 2014):Almora dairy development actors - arranged by CDO and ILSP team
• Periodic meeting planned for dairy development and collaboration of all actors in one platform
• Plan for Aanchal and ILSP collaboration- proposal in progress for 25 new collection centre in Almora and 3 further districts
• Replacement of milk testing equipment (Gerber method to Automatic milk analyzer) with ILSP –Milk IT project piloting in 5 centres this month.
• AH dept. and ILSP collaboration development in fodder development and buffalo breed centre- proposal in progress
Sustainability of IPs
• Regional platform is in progress for Almora district, initiated
• Collaboration of Aanchal with ILSP for taking over the activities in Almora district for 5 blocks
• Bageshwar: NABARD collaborates with CHIRAG for expansion of the IPs to nearby clusters for scale up - proposed by NABARD
• CHIRAG is trying to establish the DVC IPs in new project (Munsyari) - one staff from Bageshwar has moved there
Thank you