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VALLEY LATERAL PROJECT

DRAFT RESOURCE REPORT 9

Air and Noise Quality

FERC Docket No. PF15-23-000

August 2015

Resource Report 9 – Air and Noise Quality 9-i Valley Lateral Project

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page

9.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................... 9-1

9.1 AIR QUALITY ............................................................................................................................. 9-1

9.1.1 Existing Conditions .......................................................................................................... 9-1

9.1.1.1 Climate ......................................................................................................... 9-1

9.1.1.2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards ..................................................... 9-2

9.1.1.3 Attainment Status .......................................................................................... 9-2

9.1.1.4 General Conformity ...................................................................................... 9-3

9.1.1.5 Ambient Air Quality in the Project Area ...................................................... 9-3

9.1.2 Air Quality Impacts ......................................................................................................... 9-4

9.1.2.1 Project Construction .................................................................................... 9-4

9.1.2.2 Project Operation ......................................................................................... 9-5

9.2 NOISE ........................................................................................................................................... 9-5

9.2.1 Applicable Noise Regulations.......................................................................................... 9-6

9.2.1.1 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ..................................................... 9-6

9.2.1.2 Local Standards and Guidelines .................................................................. 9-6

9.2.2 Existing Conditions .......................................................................................................... 9-7

9.2.3 Potential Impacts and Mitigation ..................................................................................... 9-7

9.2.3.1 Pipeline ........................................................................................................ 9-7

9.2.3.2 Aboveground and Pipeline Appurtenant Facilities .................................... 9-10

9.3 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 9-10

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 9.1-1 Valley Lateral Project Construction Emissions .................................................................. 9-4

TABLE 9.2-1 HDD Site Noise Analysis – No Noise Mitigation .............................................................. 9-9

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX 9A Supplemental Tables

TABLE 9A-1 Regional Climate Data

TABLE 9A-2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards

TABLE 9A-3 New York State Ambient Air Quality Standards

TABLE 9A-4 Attainment Status of the Project Area

TABLE 9A-5 Ambient Air Quality Data for the Project Area

TABLE 9A-6 Land Use Categories for Estimating Ambient Noise Levels

TABLE 9A-7 Maximum Noise Levels of Major Construction Equipment (dBA)

TABLE 9A-8 Sound Levels by Construction Phase Adjusted for a Typical Workday

APPENDIX 9B Construction Emission Calculations

Resource Report 9 – Air and Noise Quality 9-ii Valley Lateral Project

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

6 NYCRR Title 6 of the New York Code of Rules and Regulations

ANSI American National Standards Institute

AQCR air quality control region

CO carbon monoxide

CO2 carbon dioxide

CO2e carbon dioxide equivalents

dBA A-weighted decibel

FERC or Commission Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

HDD Horizontal Directional Drill

Hz hertz

Millennium Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C.

Ldn day-night sound level in decibels

Leq equivalent sound level in decibels

MP mile post

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards

NOx nitrogen oxides

NO2 nitrogen dioxide

NSA noise sensitive area

O3 ozone

Pb lead

PM particulate matter

PM2.5 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microns or less

PM10 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 microns or less

Project Valley Lateral Project

SIP State Implementation Plan

SO2 sulfur dioxide

USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

VOC volatile organic compounds

Resource Report 9 – Air and Noise Quality 9-iii Valley Lateral Project

RESOURCE REPORT 9 – AIR AND NOISE QUALITY

Filing Requirement Location in

Environmental Report

Describe existing air quality, including background levels of nitrogen dioxide

and other criteria pollutants which may be emitted above EPA-identified

significance levels. (18 CFR § 380.12(k)(1))

Section 9.1.1

Quantitatively describe existing noise levels at noise-sensitive areas, such as

schools, hospitals, or residences and include any areas covered by relevant

state or local noise ordinances. (18 CFR § 380.12 (k)(2)).

(i) Report existing noise levels as the Leq (day), Leq (night), and Ldn and include

the basis for the data or estimates.

(ii) For existing compressor stations, include the results of a sound level survey

at the site property line and nearby noise-sensitive areas while the

compressors are operated at full load.

(iii) For proposed new compressor station sites, measure or estimate the

existing ambient sound environment based on current land uses and

activities.

(iv) Include a plot plan that identifies the locations and duration of noise

measurements, the time of day, weather conditions, wind speed and

direction, engine load, and other noise sources present during each

measurement.

Section 9.2

Estimated the impact of the project on air quality, including how existing

regulatory standards would be met. (18 CFR § 380.12(k)(3))

(i) Provide the emission rate of nitrogen oxides from existing and proposed

facilities, expressed in pounds per hour and tons per year for maximum

operating conditions, include supporting calculations, emission factors, fuel

consumption rates, and annual hours of operation.

(ii) For major sources of air emissions (as defined by the Environmental

Protection Agency), provide copies of applications for permits to construct

(and operate, if applicable) or for applicability determinations under

regulations for the prevention of significant air quality deterioration and

subsequent determinations.

Sections 9.1.1.2 and 9.1.1.4

Appendix 9B

Resource Report 9 – Air and Noise Quality 9-iv Valley Lateral Project

RESOURCE REPORT 9 – AIR AND NOISE QUALITY

Filing Requirement Location in

Environmental Report

Provide a quantitative estimate of the impact of the project on noise levels at

noise-sensitive areas, such as schools, hospitals, or residences. (18 CFR §

380.12(k)(4))

(i) Include step-by-step supporting calculations or identify the computer

program used to model the noise levels, the input and raw output data and

all assumptions made when running the model, far-field sound level data

for maximum facility operation, and the source of the data.

(ii) Include sound pressure levels for unmuffled engine inlets and exhausts,

engine casings, and cooling equipment; dynamic insertion loss for all

mufflers; sound transmission loss for all compressor building components,

including walls, roof, doors, windows and ventilation openings; sound

attenuation from the station to nearby noise-sensitive areas, the

manufacturer’s name, the model number, the performance rating; and a

description of each noise source and noise control component to be

employed at the proposed compressor station. For proposed compressors

the initial filing must include at least the proposed horsepower, type of

compression, and energy source for the compressor.

Section 9.2

(iii) Far-field sound level data measured from similar units in service

elsewhere, when available, may be substituted for manufacturer's far-field

sound level data.

(iv) If specific noise control equipment has not been chosen, include a

schedule for submitting the data prior to certification.

(v) The estimate must demonstrate that the project will comply with

applicable noise regulations and show how the facility will meet the

following requirements:

(A) The noise attributable to any new compressor station, compression

added to an existing station, or any modification, upgrade or update

of an existing station, must not exceed a day-night sound level (Ldn)

of 55 dBA at any pre-existing noise-sensitive area (such as schools,

hospitals, or residences).

(B) New compressor stations or modifications of existing stations shall

not result in a perceptible increase in vibration at any noise sensitive

area.

Describe measures and manufacturer’s specifications for equipment proposed

to mitigate impact to air and noise quality, including emission control

systems, installation of filters, mufflers, or insulation of piping and buildings,

and orientation of equipment away from noise-sensitive areas.

(18 CFR § 380.12(k)(5))

Sections 9.1.2

and 9.2.3

Resource Report 9 – Air and Noise Quality 9-1 Valley Lateral Project

9.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. (Millennium) is seeking authorization from the Federal Energy

Regulatory Commission (FERC or Commission) pursuant to Section 7(c) of the Natural Gas Act1 to

construct, install, own, operate, and maintain the Valley Lateral Project (Project). The Project will provide

firm transportation of natural gas to the new 650 megawatt gas-powered CPV Valley Energy Center being

constructed by CPV Valley, LLC (CPV) in the town of Wawayanda, New York. The Project, as proposed,

includes approximately 7.8 miles of new natural gas pipeline that will extend from Millennium’s existing

main line pipeline north to the CPV Valley Energy Center as well as ancillary aboveground facilities. The

target in-service date for the Project is April 2017.

The Project consists of the following components and facilities:

approximately 7.8 miles of new 16-inch diameter pipeline in Orange County, New York;

one delivery meter station and associated piping at the CPV Valley Energy Center, approximate

milepost (MP) 7.8;

one launcher facility (MP 0.0); and

one receiver facility at the CPV Valley Energy Center (MP 7.8).

Resource Report 9 describes the ambient air and noise conditions in the Project area and provides an

assessment of potential impacts of Project construction and operation impacts on these environments.

Maps of the Project facilities are located in Resource Report 1 Appendix 1C.

9.1 AIR QUALITY

9.1.1 Existing Conditions

9.1.1.1 Climate

The Project would be located in south-central New York State. The climate is primarily humid continental

in character, but is modified by the Atlantic Ocean, with cold winter temperatures, hot summers and ample

precipitation throughout the year. However, annual precipitation amounts can vary greatly from one year

to another. The regional climate can be represented by National Climatic Data Center data for Avoca,

Pennsylvania, which is located approximately 60 miles west of the Project area. Data Centers in closer

proximity to the Project are located in New York City, however a less urban, inland station such as Avoca

is more representative of conditions in the Project area. Table 9A-1 provides climate data for Avoca.

1 15 U.S.C. § 717f(c) (2012).


9.1.1.2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has promulgated National Ambient Air

Quality Standards (NAAQS). The NAAQS include primary standards, which are designed to protect

human health, including the health of sensitive subpopulations such as children and those with chronic

respiratory problems, and secondary standards, which are designed to protect public welfare, including

economic interests, visibility, vegetation, animal species, and other concerns. NAAQS currently apply to

the following criteria pollutants:

particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 10 microns (PM10);

particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 2.5 microns (PM2.5);

nitrogen dioxide (NO2);

sulfur dioxide (SO2);

carbon monoxide (CO);

ozone (O3); and

lead (Pb).

Each NAAQS is expressed in terms of a pollutant concentration level and an associated averaging period.

The current NAAQS are summarized in Table 9A-2. Notes to Table 9A-2 list the form of the statistic used

to assess compliance with each NAAQS.

States may adopt standards that are more stringent or encompassing than the NAAQS. The New York State

Department of Environmental Conservation has established New York State Ambient Air Quality

Standards for SO2, particulate matter (PM), NO2, CO, photochemical oxidants, non-methane hydrocarbons,

fluorides, beryllium, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). These are listed in Title 6 of the New York Code of Rules

and Regulations (6 NYCRR) Part 257 and summarized in Table 9A-3.

9.1.1.3 Attainment Status

Section 107 of the Clean Air Act defines an air quality control region (AQCR) as a contiguous interstate

area or major intrastate area designated by the USEPA and treated as a single entity for the attainment and

maintenance of the NAAQS. An implementation plan is developed for each AQCR describing how ambient

air quality standards will be achieved and/or maintained. For each applicable pollutant and averaging

period, USEPA designates an area’s attainment status based on monitoring data from the region. Areas

that meet the NAAQS are termed “attainment areas.” Areas that do not meet the NAAQS are termed

“nonattainment areas.” Areas for which insufficient data are available to determine attainment status are

termed “unclassifiable areas.” Areas formerly designated as nonattainment areas that subsequently reached

attainment are termed “maintenance areas.” The attainment status designations appear in Title 40 of the

Code of Federal Regulations Part 81.


The Project would be located in the Hudson Valley Intrastate AQCR (AQCR 161). Table 9A-4 summarizes

the attainment status of the Project area. All of New York State is in the Ozone Transport Region.

Therefore, the entire Project area is regulated as moderate nonattainment for O3.

9.1.1.4 General Conformity

Section 176(c) of the Clean Air Act prohibits federal agencies from taking actions which do not conform

to the State Implementation Plan (SIP) for the attainment and maintenance of the NAAQS. The purposes

of conformity are to (1) ensure federal activities do not interfere with the emissions budgets in the SIPs, (2)

ensure actions do not cause or contribute to new violations, and (3) ensure attainment and maintenance of

the NAAQS. General conformity applies only in areas that are designated as NAAQS nonattainment areas

or maintenance areas. A conformity review is required only for those pollutants designated as

nonattainment or maintenance pollutants. A general conformity analysis must consider both direct and

indirect emissions. Direct emissions are those that occur as a direct result of the action, and occur at the

same time and place as the action. Indirect emissions are those that occur at a later time or distance from

the place where the action takes place, but may be reasonably anticipated as a consequence of the proposed

action.

Some emissions are excluded from the conformity determination, such as those already subject to federal

New Source Review, those from the type of action included in the SIP, those covered by the Comprehensive

Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act or compliance with other environmental laws,

actions not reasonably foreseeable, and those for which the Agency has no continuing program

responsibility. If the sum of the proposed action’s direct and indirect emissions that would otherwise be

subject to a conformity determination are less than de minimis levels, the proposed actions are not subject

to general conformity.

Orange County, New York is classified as moderate nonattainment for the 1-hour O3 and 8-hour O3 (1997)

standards and located in the Ozone Transport Region. The de minimis emission rate thresholds for general

conformity in such an area are 100 and 50 tons per year of, respectively, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile

organic compounds (VOCs). As is shown in Table 9.1-1, the annual Project construction emission rates

are far less than these thresholds. As such, the Project is not subject to general conformity.

9.1.1.5 Ambient Air Quality in the Project Area

Pollutant concentration data to characterize air quality in the Project area were obtained from the USEPA

AIRDATA database. Typically, the monitoring station nearest a project is used for this purpose. The

Project will be located inland in a semi-rural area at least 50 miles from the nearest seacoast. Therefore,

for some pollutants, more representative inland monitoring stations situated more distant from the Project

area are used in lieu of closer monitoring stations situated in New York City or the northern New Jersey

communities located near the coast. Ambient air quality monitoring data for the most recent available

three-year period are summarized in Table 9A-5.


9.1.2 Air Quality Impacts

9.1.2.1 Project Construction

Construction emissions will include the following:

Exhaust emissions from construction equipment and vehicles;

Emissions from vehicles used for transporting construction workers and delivering equipment and

materials to the Project site; and

Fugitive dust from construction activities and wind erosion of disturbed areas prior to revegetation.

Table 9.1-1 summarizes the estimated air emissions that will be produced by construction of the Project.

TABLE 9.1-1 Valley Lateral Project Construction Emissions

Year Annual Emissions (tons)

CO NOх SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5 CO2 CO2e

2016 7.60 16.75 0.03 1.65 8.76 1.99 3,803 3,833

2017 6.48 12.72 0.03 1.36 8.59 1.82 3,424 3,451

Appendix 9B provides detailed emissions calculations. The following methodologies were used to estimate

construction emissions.

Annual average emission factors (grams per horsepower hour) for NOx, CO, PM, SO2, VOC2, and

carbon dioxide (CO2) for non-road equipment engines in New York State during 2016 and 2017

were obtained using the most recent version of USEPA’s NONROAD model (NONROAD, 2008a).

Non-road equipment emission factors (grams per gallon of fuel) for methane (CH4) and nitrous

oxide (N2O) were obtained from the 2015 Climate Registry Default Emission Factors 3 , and

apportioned based on CO2 emissions.

Emission factors (grams per vehicle mile traveled) for NOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, VOC, and CO2,

and carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) for on-road vehicles in New York State during 2016 and

2017 were obtained from the USEPA Mobile Vehicle Emissions Simulator, version 2010b.

Fugitive dust emissions were estimated using the methodology described in Section 3.4 of the

Western Regional Air Partnership Fugitive Dust Handbook 4 . Use of this methodology is

conservative, as the climates typical of most western states are more arid than in the Project area.

2 NONROAD does not provide VOC emission factors. The emission factor for total hydrocarbons was used as a VOC

surrogate. 3 http://www.theclimateregistry.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/2015-TCR-Default-EF-April-2015-FINAL.pdf Accessed

7/17/2015. 4 WRAP Fugitive Dust Handbook, Countess Environmental, September 2006

http://www.theclimateregistry.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/2015-TCR-Default-EF-April-2015-FINAL.pdf


The impacts of these emissions on air quality are expected to be minor. Construction emissions will be

intermittent, temporary, and local. Mitigation measures will include the following.

The construction equipment will be properly maintained and comply with applicable federal and

state regulations. Equipment will be operated on an as-needed basis, primarily during daylight

hours5.

Busses or vans may be used to transport construction workers to the work site.

Fugitive dust emissions will be mitigated by minimizing the extent of the areas disturbed,

application of dust suppressants and avoiding excessive vehicle speeds on unpaved roads.

Disturbed areas will be appropriately revegetated. Additionally, all areas disturbed by construction

will be temporarily and permanently stabilized in accordance with Millennium’s Environmental

Construction Standards.

9.1.2.2 Project Operation

There will be no combustion equipment or stationary point sources of air pollutant emissions associated

with the operation of the Project. There may be minor fugitive emissions of natural gas. Air permits to

construct or operate will not be required. There are no applicable New Source Performance Standards or

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants.

9.2 NOISE

Noise is defined as unwanted sound resulting from vibrations in the air (USEPA, 1978). The range of

pressures that cause the vibrations that create noise is large. Noise is therefore measured on a logarithmic

scale, expressed in decibels. The frequency of a sound is the “pitch” (high or low). The unit for frequency

is hertz (Hz). Most sounds are composed of a composite of frequencies. The normal human ear can usually

distinguish frequencies from 20 Hz (low frequency) to about 20,000 Hz (high frequency), although people

are most sensitive to frequencies between 500 and 4,000 Hz. The individual frequency bands can be

combined into one overall decibel level.

Noise is typically measured on the A-weighted scale. The A-weighting scale was developed and has been

shown to provide a good correlation with the human response to sound and is the most widely used

descriptor for community noise assessments (Harris, 1991). The faintest sound that can be heard by a

healthy ear is about 0 A-weighted decibels (dBA), while an uncomfortably loud sound is about 120 dBA.

Common descriptors used to define environmental noise are provided below.

Leq – The equivalent noise level over a specified period of time. It is a single value of sound that includes

all of the varying sound energy in a given duration. The USEPA has identified the Leq as one of the

5 The atmospheric stability conditions during daytime typically promote more rapid dispersion of pollutants than during

nighttime.


parameters for the purpose of identifying levels of environmental noise. The Leq can be defined for any

time period (e.g., 1-hour [Leq(1)], 24-hour [Leq(24)]).

9.2.1 Applicable Noise Regulations

9.2.1.1 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

FERC guidelines and typical certificate conditions require that the sound attributable to a compressor

station or other operational facilities not exceed a day-night average sound level (i.e., Ldn) of 55 dBA at any

nearby Noise Sensitive Area (NSA), unless such NSAs are established after facility construction. The

Project does not include compressor facilities but the meter station is a potential noise source.

Construction of the Project will produce temporary construction related noise associated with horizontal

directional drilling (HDD). FERC typically requires that the sound attributable to HDD operations should

not exceed 55 dBA (Ldn) at the NSAs or be 10 dBA over the background (ambient) noise level if the ambient

levels are above 55 dBA (Ldn). If it is projected that the sound criteria/guidelines could be exceeded at any

nearby NSA, it will be necessary to describe noise mitigation measures which would be implemented during

drilling activity to reduce the noise impacts of the drilling operations and achieve the sound

criteria/guidelines.

9.2.1.2 Local Standards and Guidelines

The proposed pipeline and associated facilities will be located in the following jurisdictions within Orange

County:

Town of Wawayanda

Town of Minisink

The noise standards for these jurisdictions were reviewed and are discussed in the sections below.

Town of Wawayanda

The Town of Wawayanda includes a noise standard within the zoning ordinance (Chapter 195 of the Town

Code). The ordinance states that noise from commercial or industrial properties shall not exceed 65 dBA

when measured 100 feet from the boundary of the property from which the sound originates. In addition,

there are numerous references to excessive noise throughout the Town Code. These references, when taken

in conglomeration, provide a general, nuisance type noise ordinance which prohibits any person from

making, continuing or causing loud, unnecessary or unusual noise which annoys, disturbs, injures or

endangers the comfort, repose, health, safety of others in the Town of Wawayanda.

No limitations regarding allowable hours of construction were identified.


Town of Minisink

No noise ordinances or limitations on allowable hours of construction were identified for the Town of

Minisink.

9.2.2 Existing Conditions

General ambient noise levels by land use have been estimated by the USEPA (USEPA, 1978). However,

a more detailed estimate is provided in the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard 12.9-

1993 / Part 3. The standard provides estimates of existing Leq and Ldn levels based on detailed descriptions

of land use categories. The levels are in general agreement with those published by USEPA. The ANSI

standard noise estimation divides land uses into six distinct categories. These categories, their descriptions

and the estimated daytime and nighttime Leq ambient noise levels are provided in Table 9A-6.

Existing ambient noise levels along the proposed Project route were estimated by determining the land uses

in the area through a review of aerial photography, and by considering the presence of vehicular traffic

noise. The majority of the route passes through rural residential / agricultural areas. Existing noise sources

in these rural areas likely include local vehicular traffic, aircraft overflights and natural sounds (e.g., birds,

insects). Daytime noise levels (Leq) in these types of settings are typically approximately 53 dBA, with

nighttime noise levels dropping to approximately 47 dBA. Somewhat higher ambient levels are likely

during the warm weather months due to increased insect and other natural sounds. Daytime noise levels at

NSAs located near Route 84 are expected to be higher, typically around 58 dBA.

9.2.3 Potential Impacts and Mitigation

Potential noise impacts associated with the proposed Project are discussed below.

9.2.3.1 Pipeline

Construction

The rural residential areas are found at varying distances and densities from the proposed pipeline route,

with the closest identified NSAs (residences) located approximately 200 feet from the proposed pipeline.

Construction is anticipated to occur over an eight (8) month period. Work in the vicinity of any single

general receptor on the pipeline route will likely last for short durations, typically one week or less, as

construction activities move along the corridor. Construction of the proposed pipeline will typically include

the following activities:

Site and vegetation clearing;

Trenching;

Pipe installation; and

Backfilling and right-of-way restoration.


Noise is generated during construction primarily from two sources: 1) diesel engines which power the

equipment and 2) impact noise from rock drills and jack hammers (if needed). Exhaust noise usually is the

predominant source of diesel engine noise, and contractors will be required to maintain functional mufflers

on all relevant equipment. Maximum sound levels associated with the construction equipment typically

used is provided in Table 9A-7. It is important to note that each piece of equipment presented in the table

is not used in each phase of construction. Further, any equipment used is generally not operated

continuously. To arrive at the average sound level that may occur during a typical workday, usage factors

for each type of construction equipment were applied to the maximum sound levels. The usage factors

account for the fact that equipment are not always operated at full throttle conditions, and are not used for

an entire workday. The usage factors for each piece of equipment are also provided in Table 9A-7.

For the purposes of this analysis, the aforementioned construction activities have been addressed by

construction phases. Table 9A-8 provides a summary of the construction phases, the equipment anticipated

to be used in each phase, and the construction sound level levels, adjusted to reflect a typical workday,

expected at various distances from the pipeline corridor.

The rural residential areas are found at varying distances and densities from the proposed pipeline

route. A few of the nearest residences are located approximately 200 feet from the corridor. The

data presented above reveal that for the nearest residences, construction sound levels will exceed ambient

levels for the short term period when construction will occur. For the majority of residences further from

the corridor, construction noise will be much lower and at times be below ambient levels.

The increases in the existing sound environment for the most proximate residences, such as are expected

during construction, would create significant impacts if they were to occur over long periods of time and at

sensitive time periods, such as late at night. However, many factors exist which will reduce the significance

of any impacts.

The noise levels presented in Table 9A-6 are those that would be experienced by people outdoors. A

building will provide significant attenuation of associated construction noise impacts. For instance, sound

levels can be expected to be up to 27 dBA lower indoors with windows closed. Even in homes with

windows open, indoor sound levels can be reduced by up to 17 dBA (USEPA, 1978).

As demonstrated in Table 9A-6, construction sound will be attenuated with distance. Other factors, such

as vegetation, terrain and obstacles such as buildings will act to further reduce noise levels, but were not

considered for this analysis. The analysis in Table 9A-6 are conservative and does not rely on vegetation

for noise attenuation.

An additional significant mitigating factor in the potential impact of construction noise is that construction

activities, with the exception of HDD activities described below, will occur over relatively short stretches,

and are only scheduled to occur during daytime hours. Work in the proximity of any single general location

will likely last no more than approximately one week, as construction activities move along the route.

Therefore, no single receptor will be exposed to significant noise levels for an extended period.

Additionally, because construction equipment does not operate continually, construction noise is expected


to be intermittent. The construction equipment to be used is similar to that used during typical public works

projects (e.g., road resurfacing, storm sewer installation, water line installation, tree removal, etc.). As a

general construction practice, functional mufflers will be maintained on all equipment to maintain noise

levels as low as reasonably achievable.

Horizontal Directional Drilling

HDD activities are currently proposed to occur at two locations along the route. HDD utilizes a number of

pieces of equipment that include power generation, drill pile storage, control rooms, an excavator, and

storage trailers. Of these sources, the diesel engine power generation units are the most significant noise

generating sources. Typical HDD activity (based on a 600 horsepower drive drill engine), for HDD entry

generates a sound level, with equipment at full load, of approximately 85 dBA at 50 feet. Noise levels on

the exit side of the HDD, where fewer pieces of equipment are in use, are approximately 79 dBA at 50 feet.

Additional analysis for each HDD site incorporating the additional potential for noise impacts during

nighttime hours will be provided in the final Environmental Report.

The results of the analysis, including the HDD location, the distance and direction to the nearest NSA,

estimated existing ambient levels, calculated HDD noise levels and projected increases above existing

ambient levels, are provided in Table 9.2-1 for an unmitigated case.

TABLE 9.2-1 HDD Site Noise Analysis – No Noise Mitigation

HDD Location

Distance (feet)

/Direction to Nearest NSA

Land Use Categorya

Existing Daytime

Leqa

Calculated HDD Leq

Noise Level (dBA)

Combined Ambient

Plus HDD (dBA)

Increase Over Existing

Condition (dBA)

HDD 1 Entry 300 / NW 4 53 67 67 14

HDD 1 Exit 850 / NW 4 53 52 56 3

HDD 2 Entry 1,050 / SW 2 64 57 65 1

HDD 2 Exit 300 / N 4 53 62 62 9

Notes: a: Estimated Leq based on land use as set forth in ANSI 12.9-1993/Part 3. Land Use Categories are defined in

Table 9A-6.

The data in this table reveal that without mitigation, HDD noise levels could be above an absolute Leq level

of 55 dBA for the HDD locations except for the HDD 1 exit site NSA. The expected increases in noise

over ambient conditions could be greater than 10 dBA at the HDD 1 entry site NSA. FERC has historically

recommended that noise mitigation measures be evaluated in cases where HDD noise is greater than 55

dBA as an Ldn and the increase over ambient conditions is greater than 10 dBA when 24 hour HDD work

occurs.


Any mitigation measures employed for the HDD locations would be site specific. Mitigation measures

typically utilized for these activities can provide up to a 15 dBA reduction in noise levels. Any measures

would be incorporated in varying degrees depending on the site characteristics and NSA proximity.

Mitigation measures may include any of the following:

Reconfiguring equipment locations to take advantage of natural and artificial noise barriers,

Install a partial noise barrier around the hydraulic power unit, including the engine & associated

engine jacket-water cooler;

Install high performance mufflers on engines;

Use of gear box noise blanket and other mechanical noise dampening blankets, acoustical tents,

acoustical barriers; and

Utilize low noise generators.

Operation

Once constructed, the pipeline will be located entirely underground and will not generate noise.

9.2.3.2 Aboveground and Pipeline Appurtenant Facilities

A new pig launcher will be constructed at MP 0.0 and a new delivery meter station and pig receiver will be

constructed within the area already approved for construction of the proposed CPV Valley Energy Center

(MP 7.8). The nearest NSA to the meter station is located approximately 1,300 feet southwest from the

center of the station. Utilizing the aforementioned ANSI document, ambient sound levels in this area are

estimated to be 64 dBA at night. Additional residences are located 1,600 feet to the north, where sound

levels are estimated to be 64 dBA during the day and 56 dBA at night. A residential neighborhood is

located approximately 2,000 feet to the north. A noise analysis of the meter station will be conducted and

submitted to FERC in the final Environmental Report.

9.3 REFERENCES

[ANSI] – American National Standards Institute standard 12.9. 1993 / Part 3 (Quantities and Procedures

for Description and Measurement of Environmental Sound. Part 3: Short-Term Measurements with

an Observer Present).

[FHWA] – Federal Highway Administration. 2006. Construction Noise Handbook. Accessed online on

August 21, 2015 at:

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/noise/construction_noise/handbook/index.cfm.

Harris, 1991. Handbook of Acoustical Measurements and Noise Control, Third Edition. McGraw-Hill, Inc.

[USEPA] – U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1978. Protective Noise Levels. Office of Noise

Abatement & Control. Report Number EPA 550/9-79-100. Washington, D. C. 20460.

Resource Report 9 – Air and Noise Quality 9A-i Valley Lateral Project

DRAFT APPENDIX 9A

Supplemental Tables

TABLE 9A-1 Regional Climate Data .................................................................................................. 9A-1

TABLE 9A-2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards ...................................................................... 9A-2

TABLE 9A-3 New York State Ambient Air Quality Standards .......................................................... 9A-3

TABLE 9A-4 Attainment Status of the Project Area .......................................................................... 9A-4

TABLE 9A-5 Ambient Air Quality Data for the Project Area ............................................................ 9A-5

TABLE 9A-6 Land Use Categories for Estimating Ambient Noise Levels ........................................ 9A-6

TABLE 9A-7 Maximum Noise Levels of Major Construction Equipment (dBA) .............................. 9A-7

TABLE 9A-8 Sound Levels by Construction Phase Adjusted for a Typical Workday ....................... 9A-8

Resource Report 9 – Air and Noise Quality 9A-1 Valley Lateral Project

TABLE 9A-1 Regional Climate Data

Parameter Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual

Normal Daily Minimum Temperature (⁰F)

18.5 20.7 27.6 38.2 47.6 56.5 60.9 59.5 52.1 41.1 33.3 23.8 40.1

Normal Daily Maximum Temperature (⁰F)

33.2 36.8 46.2 59.1 69.7 77.7 81.9 79.9 72.3 60.7 49.4 37.5 58.8

Normal Daily Mean Temperature (⁰F)

25.8 28.8 36.9 48.6 58.6 67.1 71.4 69.7 62.2 50.9 41.4 30.6 49.4

Normal Heating Degree Days

1,213 1015 871 496 228 54 8 18 136 441 710 1,065 6,255

Normal Cooling Degree Days

0 0 0 6 31 117 206 164 52 4 0 0 579

Mean Number of Days with ≥ 0.01 in. Precipitation

12 11 12 12 12 12 11 11 10 10 11 12 136

Normal Precipitation (in.)

2.37 2.03 2.55 3.33 3.52 4.03 3.79 3.41 4.07 3.34 3.14 2.68 38.2

Average Snow Depth (in.)

12.0 11.0 9.0 2.9 0.1 0.0 T T T 0.4 3.5 8.8 48.3

Source:

Data reported for Avoca, Pennsylvania in Comparative Climatic Data for the United States Through 2012, National Climatic Data Center

Notes:

⁰F = degrees Fahrenheit

in. = inches

T = Trace


TABLE 9A-2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Pollutant Averaging

Time

Primary Standard

Secondary Standard Rank

ppm μg/m3 ppm μg/m3

SO2 1-hour 0.075 196 --- ---

99th percentile of 1-hour daily maximum concentrations, averaged over 3 years

3-hour --- --- 0.5 1,300 Not to be exceeded more than once per year

PM10 24-hour --- 150 --- 150 Not to be exceeded more than once per year on average over 3 years

PM2.5 24-hour --- 35 --- 35 98th percentile, averaged over 3 years

Annual --- 12 --- 15 Annual mean, averaged over 3 years

NO2 1-hour 0.100 188 --- ---

98th percentile of 1-hour daily maximum concentrations, averaged over 3 years

Annual 0.053 100 0.053 100 Annual Mean

CO 8-hour 9 10,000 --- --- Not to be exceeded more than once per year

1-hour 35 40,000 --- --- Not to be exceeded more than once per year

O3

1-hour 0.12 235 0.12 235 Not to be exceeded more than once per year

8-hour (2008)

0.075 150 0.075 150 Annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hr concentration, averaged over 3 years

8-hour (1997)

0.08 157 0.08 157 Annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hr concentration, averaged over 3 years

Pb 3-month rolling

--- 0.15 --- 0.15 Not to be exceeded

Source: http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html accessed 07/17/2015 Notes: ppm = parts per million μg/m3 = micrograms per cubic meter

http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html


TABLE 9A-3 New York State Ambient Air Quality Standards

Pollutant Averaging

Time

Primary Standard Rank

ppm μg/m3

SO2 24-hour 0.10 260 99th percentile of 24-hour average concentrations

0.14 366 Not to be exceeded more than once per year

Annual 0.03 79 Not to be exceeded

PM See 6 NYCRR 257-3 (http://www.dec.ny.gov/regs/4151.html)

NO2 Annual 0.05 94 Annual average of 24-hour concentrations

CO 8-hour 9 10,000 Not to be exceeded more than once per year

1-hour 35 40,000 Not to be exceeded more than once per year

Photochemical Oxidants

1-hour 0.08 160 Not to be exceeded more than once per year

non-methane hydrocarbons

1-hour 0.24 160 Not to be exceeded more than once per year

Gaseous Fluorides

12-hour 0.0045 3.7 Not to be exceeded

24-hour 0.0035 2.85 Not to be exceeded

1-week 0.0020 1.65 Not to be exceeded

1-month 0.0010 0.8 Not to be exceeded

Beryllium 1-month --- 0.01 Not to be exceeded

hydrogen sulfide

3-month rolling

0.01 14 Not to be exceeded

Source: 6 NYCRR Subchapter B (http://www.dec.ny.gov/regs/2492.html) accessed 07/17/2015 Notes: ppm = parts per million μg/m3 = micrograms per cubic meter

http://www.dec.ny.gov/regs/4151.html

http://www.dec.ny.gov/regs/2492.html


TABLE 9A-4 Attainment Status of the Project Area

Pollutant Designation Date Status / Designation

SO2 N/A Better Than National Standard

PM10 N/A Unclassifiable

24-hour PM2.5 04/18/2014 Unclassifiable / Attainment

Annual PM2.5 04/18/2014 Attainment

1-hour NO2 01/29/2012 Unclassifiable / Attainment

Annual NO2 N/A Cannot be Classified / Better Than National Standard

CO 11/15/1990 Unclassifiable / Attainment

1-hour O31 01/16/2001 Moderate Nonattainment

8-hour O3 (1997 Standard) 06/15/2004 Subpart 2 / Moderate Nonattainment

8-hour O3 (2008 Standard) 07/20/2012 Unclassifiable / Attainment

Pb 11/15/1990 Unclassifiable

Source: 40 CFR 81.333 and USEPA Green Book (http://www.epa.gov/oaqps001/greenbk/ancl.html) Notes: N/A = Not Applicable 1 Standard revoked effective June 15, 2005.

http://www.epa.gov/oaqps001/greenbk/ancl.html


TABLE 9A-5 Ambient Air Quality Data for the Project Area

Pollutant Averaging

Period Rank Years

Concentration Monitoring Station ID (ppm) (μg/m³)

SO2

1-Hour 99th Percentile 2012 - 2014 0.010 25.3 34-027-30011

3-hour H2H 2012 - 2014 0.011 28.8

PM10 24-Hour H2H 2011 - 2013 --- 53.0 42-095-10002

PM2.5

24-Hour 98th Percentile 2011 - 2013 --- 19.7 36-071-00023

Annual Arithmetic Mean 2012 - 2014 --- 7.4

NO2

1-Hour 98th Percentile 2012 - 2014 0.036 68.4 34-027-30011

Annual Arithmetic Mean 2012 - 2014 0.005 9.8

CO

1-Hour H2H 2012 - 2014 1.8 2,062.1 42-069-20064

8-Hour H2H 2012 - 2014 1.4 1,603.8

O3

1-Hour H2H 2012 - 2014 0.082 161.0 36-071-50015

8-Hour 4H 2012 - 2014 0.061 120.4

Pb

3-Month

Certified current 3-month average Pb data are unavailable. The best available data are 24-hour average data collected in 2012 through 2014 at monitoring station 42-101-00046. The maximum and average 24-hour Pb values during this 3-year period were 0.11 μg/m3 and 0.03 μg/m3, respectively.

Source: USEPA AirData; http://www.epa.gov/airdata/ accessed July 2015. Notes: 1 Building #1, Department of Public Works (DPW) off Route 513, Chester, NJ; 42 miles south 2 South Green & Delaware, Nazareth, PA; 62 miles southwest 3 155 Broadway, Newburg, NY; 26 miles east northeast 4 George Street Troop and the City of Scranton, Scranton, PA; 60 miles west 5 1175 Route 17K, Montgomery Valley Central HS, Montgomery, NY; 17 miles northeast 6 1501 E. Lycoming Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 100 miles south H2H = High 2nd High 4H = 4th High ppm = parts per million μg/m³= micrograms per cubic meter


TABLE 9A-6 Land Use Categories for Estimating Ambient Noise Levels

ANSI Category

Land Use Description

Estimated Existing Daytime

Leq

(dBA)

Estimated Existing

Nighttime Leq

(dBA)

1 Noisy Commercial and

Industrial Areas

Very heavy traffic conditions, such as in busy downtown commercial areas, at intersections of mass transportation and other vehicles, including trains, heavy motor trucks and other heavy traffic, and street corners where motor buses and heavy trucks accelerate.

69 61

2

Moderate Commercial and Industrial Areas, and Noisy Residential

Areas

Heavy traffic areas with conditions similar to Category 1 but with somewhat less traffic, routes of relatively heavy or fast automobile traffic but where heavy truck traffic is not extremely dense, and motor bus routes.

64 56

3

Quiet Commercial, Industrial Areas, and Normal Urban and

Noisy Residential Areas

Light traffic conditions where no mass transportation vehicles and relatively few automobiles and trucks pass, and where these vehicles generally travel at low speeds. Residential areas and commercial streets and intersections with little traffic comprise this category.

58 52

4 Quiet Urban and

Normal Residential Areas

These areas are similar to Category 3 above but, for this group, the background is either distant traffic or is unidentifiable.

53 47

5 Quiet Suburban

Residential Areas Isolated areas, far from significant sources of sound.

48 42

6 Very Quiet, Sparse Suburban or Rural

Areas

These areas are similar to Category 5 above but are usually in unincorporated areas and, for this group, there are few if any near neighbors.

43 37

Source: ANSI S12.9-1993 / Part 3


TABLE 9A-7 Maximum Noise Levels of Major Construction Equipment (dBA)

Equipment Type 50 Feet Usage Factor 50 Foot Sound Level Adjusted

for Usage Factor

Trucks 84 0.40 80

Excavator 85 0.40 81

Roller 85 0.20 81

Dozers 85 0.40 81

Pickup Trucks 55 0.40 51

Backhoes 80 0.40 76

Loader 80 0.40 76

Air Compressor 80 0.40 76

Source: FHWA, 2006


TABLE 9A-8 Sound Levels by Construction Phase Adjusted for a Typical Workday

Construction

Phase Equipment Utilized

Adjusted Noise Level for Workday (dBA)a)

200 Feet 300 Feet 500 Feet

Excavation

Backhoe

Dump Truck

Excavator

Loader

73 69 64

Pipe Laying

Roller

Air Compressor

Dozer

Excavator

73 69 64

Backfilling Dozer

Dump Truck 72 68 63

Restoration Backhoe

Grader 70 66 61

Notes:

a: Assumes all equipment is in operation during each phase, accounting for the usage factors. One of each equipment piece in operation.

Resource Report 9 – Air and Noise Quality 9B-i Valley Lateral Project

DRAFT APPENDIX 9B

Construction Emission Calculations

Table 9.B.1.1: Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. - Valley Lateral Project Tabl

2016 Construction Equipment Criteria Pollutant Emissions 2016 Nonroad Equipment Type/

On Road Vehicle Type

Fuel Engine

Rating

(hp)

No. Pollutant Emission Factor

(g/hp-hr)³

(g/mile) ⁴

Equipment Operating

Schedule

Pollutant Emissions

(tons)

CO NOx SO₂ VOC PM₁₀ PM₂.₅ weeks days/

week

hr/day

mi/day

CO NOx SO₂ VOC PM₁₀ PM₂.₅

On-Road

Heavy Trucks Diesel 2016366123 1 4 1 1.39 5.86 0.01 0.24 0.25 0.24 17 6 100 0.06 0.26 6.1E-4 0.01 0.01 0.01

Buses Diesel 2016364223 1 1 1 2.00 5.92 8.7E-3 0.34 0.29 0.29 17 6 50 0.01 0.03 4.9E-5 1.9E-3 1.7E-3 1.6E-3

Light Trucks Diesel 2016363223 1 4 1 1.31 1.98 4.6E-3 0.25 0.11 0.11 17 6 100 0.06 0.09 2.1E-4 0.01 5.1E-3 5.0E-3

Passenger Cars Gasoline 2016362113 1 24 1 1.48 0.16 4.6E-3 0.02 6.7E-3 6.2E-3 17 6 80 0.32 0.03 9.9E-4 4.6E-3 1.5E-3 1.3E-3

Passenger Trucks Gasoline 2016363113 1 24 1 3.23 0.54 6.3E-3 0.07 0.01 0.01 17 6 80 0.70 0.12 1.4E-3 0.01 2.6E-3 2.4E-3

Non-Road

Lowboy Truck Diesel 2270002051 400 9 59% 0.50 1.33 3.9E-3 0.14 0.08 0.08 17 6 5 0.60 1.59 4.7E-3 0.17 0.09 0.09

Flatbed Truck Diesel 2270002051 125 16 59% 0.32 0.93 3.7E-3 0.14 0.06 0.06 17 6 5 0.21 0.62 2.5E-3 0.09 0.04 0.04

Dozer Diesel 2270002069 250 12 59% 0.52 1.55 4.0E-3 0.16 0.10 0.10 17 6 5 0.52 1.55 4.0E-3 0.16 0.10 0.10

Backhoe/Excavator Diesel 2270002066 300 12 21% 1.93 3.76 5.2E-3 0.54 0.37 0.37 17 6 5 0.82 1.60 2.2E-3 0.23 0.16 0.16

Backhoe Diesel 2270002066 80 6 21% 5.29 4.28 5.9E-3 0.84 0.77 0.77 17 6 5 0.30 0.24 3.3E-4 0.05 0.04 0.04

Side Booms Diesel 2270002069 260 8 59% 0.52 1.55 4.0E-3 0.16 0.10 0.10 17 6 5 0.36 1.07 2.8E-3 0.11 0.07 0.07

Crane Diesel 2270002045 250 3 43% 0.43 1.95 4.1E-3 0.17 0.09 0.09 17 6 5 0.08 0.35 7.5E-4 0.03 0.02 0.02

Crane Diesel 2270002045 680 3 43% 1.00 2.90 4.3E-3 0.18 0.13 0.13 17 6 5 0.50 1.43 2.1E-3 0.09 0.06 0.06

Loaders / Graders Diesel 2270002048 250 2 59% 0.51 1.52 4.0E-3 0.16 0.10 0.10 17 6 5 0.08 0.25 6.6E-4 0.03 0.02 0.02

Farm Tractors Diesel 2270002066 175 1 21% 1.93 3.76 5.2E-3 0.54 0.37 0.37 17 6 5 0.04 0.08 1.1E-4 0.01 7.6E-3 7.6E-3

Forklift / Manlift Diesel 2270002057 60 3 59% 2.26 3.59 4.9E-3 0.26 0.27 0.27 17 6 5 0.14 0.21 2.9E-4 0.02 0.02 0.02

Bending Machine Diesel 2270002081 85 1 59% 2.60 2.89 4.9E-3 0.28 0.35 0.35 17 6 5 0.07 0.08 1.4E-4 7.9E-3 1.0E-2 1.0E-2

Road Boring Machine Diesel 2270002033 90 1 43% 2.32 4.32 5.0E-3 0.46 0.43 0.43 17 6 5 0.05 0.09 1.1E-4 9.9E-3 9.3E-3 9.3E-3

Fill / Test Pumps Diesel 2270006010 40 2 43% 1.47 4.38 5.0E-3 0.34 0.29 0.29 17 6 5 0.03 0.08 9.6E-5 6.6E-3 5.6E-3 5.6E-3

185 acfm Compressor Diesel 2270006015 60 2 43% 1.86 3.82 4.9E-3 0.28 0.25 0.25 17 6 5 0.05 0.11 1.4E-4 8.0E-3 7.3E-3 7.3E-3

375 acfm Compressor Diesel 2270006015 100 2 43% 0.65 2.53 4.3E-3 0.22 0.16 0.16 17 6 5 0.03 0.12 2.1E-4 0.01 7.8E-3 7.8E-3

1200 acfm Compressor Diesel 2270006015 350 2 43% 0.92 3.30 4.4E-3 0.21 0.15 0.15 17 6 5 0.16 0.56 7.4E-4 0.04 0.02 0.02

Welding Machine Diesel 2270006025 40 16 21% 4.09 4.92 5.9E-3 0.93 0.66 0.66 17 6 5 0.31 0.37 4.5E-4 0.07 0.05 0.05

Generator Diesel 2270006005 50 14 43% 2.43 4.78 5.1E-3 0.47 0.41 0.41 17 6 5 0.41 0.81 8.6E-4 0.08 0.07 0.07

Misc Saws, Trowel Machine,

Compactor Plate, etc.Diesel 2270002008 50 6 43% 4.47 4.75 5.4E-3 0.64 0.46 0.46 17 6 5 0.32 0.34 3.9E-4 0.05 0.03 0.03

6" Water Pump Diesel 2270006010 60 6 43% 2.46 4.79 5.1E-3 0.48 0.43 0.43 17 6 5 0.21 0.42 4.4E-4 0.04 0.04 0.04

HDD Rig Diesel 2270002033 800 2 43% 1.50 5.59 4.5E-3 0.39 0.24 0.24 13 6 12 1.07 3.97 3.2E-3 0.28 0.17 0.17


7.60 16.75 0.03 1.65 1.09 1.09

1. User’s Guide for the Final NONROAD2005 Model, EPA420-R-05-013, US EPA, December 2005

2. User Guide for MOVES2010b, EPA-420-B-12-001b, US EPA, June 2012

3. EPA NONROAD2008 run

4. EPA MOVES2010b run

Total

Load

Factor

NONROAD SCC¹

MOVES Year/

State/ Vehicle

Type/ Fuel/ Road

Type 2

Valley Lateral Project 9.B-1 August 2015

Table 9.B.1.2: Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. - Valley Lateral Project

2016 Construction Equipment Greenhouse Gas EmissionsNonroad Equipment Type/

On Road Vehicle Type

Fuel Engine

Rating

(hp)


(g/hp-hr)³

(g/mile) ⁴

Equipment Operating

Schedule

Pollutant Emissions

(tons)

CO2 CH₄⁵ N₂O⁵ CO₂e⁶ weeks days/

week

hr/day

mi/day

CO2 N₂O CH₄ CO₂e

On-Road

Heavy Trucks Diesel 2016366123 1 4 1 1,867 1,869 17 6 100 84 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 84

Buses Diesel 2016364223 1 1 1 1,190 1,191 17 6 50 7 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 7

Light Trucks Diesel 2016363223 1 4 1 618 619 17 6 100 28 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 28

Passenger Cars Gasoline 2016362113 1 24 1 302 302 17 6 80 65 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 65

Passenger Trucks Gasoline 2016363113 1 24 1 415 416 17 6 80 90 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 90

Non-Road

Lowboy Truck Diesel 2270002051 400 9 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 17 6 5 640 0.02 0.04 646

Flatbed Truck Diesel 2270002051 125 16 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 17 6 5 356 8.9E-3 0.02 359

Dozer Diesel 2270002069 250 12 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 17 6 5 534 0.01 0.03 538

Backhoe/Excavator Diesel 2270002066 300 12 21% 625 0.04 0.02 630 17 6 5 266 6.7E-3 0.01 268

Backhoe Diesel 2270002066 80 6 21% 693 0.04 0.02 699 17 6 5 39 9.9E-4 2.2E-3 40

Side Booms Diesel 2270002069 260 8 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 17 6 5 370 9.3E-3 0.02 373

Crane Diesel 2270002045 250 3 43% 530 0.03 0.01 535 17 6 5 96 2.4E-3 5.4E-3 97

Crane Diesel 2270002045 680 3 43% 530 0.03 0.01 535 17 6 5 262 6.6E-3 0.01 264

Loaders / Graders Diesel 2270002048 250 2 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 17 6 5 89 2.2E-3 5.0E-3 90

Farm Tractors Diesel 2270002066 175 1 21% 625 0.04 0.02 630 17 6 5 13 3.2E-4 7.3E-4 13

Forklift / Manlift Diesel 2270002057 60 3 59% 595 0.03 0.01 601 17 6 5 36 8.9E-4 2.0E-3 36

Bending Machine Diesel 2270002081 85 1 59% 595 0.03 0.01 601 17 6 5 17 4.2E-4 9.5E-4 17

Road Boring Machine Diesel 2270002033 90 1 43% 589 0.03 0.01 594 17 6 5 13 3.2E-4 7.2E-4 13

Fill / Test Pumps Diesel 2270006010 40 2 43% 589 0.03 0.01 595 17 6 5 11 2.9E-4 6.4E-4 11

185 acfm Compressor Diesel 2270006015 60 2 43% 589 0.03 0.01 595 17 6 5 17 4.3E-4 9.7E-4 17



Welding Machine Diesel 2270006025 40 16 21% 693 0.04 0.02 699 17 6 5 52 1.3E-3 3.0E-3 53

Generator Diesel 2270006005 50 14 43% 589 0.03 0.01 594 17 6 5 100 2.5E-3 5.6E-3 101


Compactor Plate, etc.Diesel 2270002008 50 6 43% 588 0.03 0.01 594 17 6 5 43 1.1E-3 2.4E-3 43

6" Water Pump Diesel 2270006010 60 6 43% 589 0.03 0.01 594 17 6 5 51 1.3E-3 2.9E-3 52

HDD Rig Diesel 2270002033 800 2 43% 530 0.03 0.01 534 13 6 12 376 9.4E-3 0.02 379


3,803 3,833





5. Computed from the CO₂ emissions from NONROAD multiplied by ratios of the CH₄ and N₂O to CO₂ from Tables 13.1 and 13.7

in 2015 Climate Registry Default Emission Factors

6. The global warming potentials of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O are assumed to be 1, 25, and 298, respectively.

Total

Load

Factor

NONROAD SCC¹

MOVES Year/

State/ Vehicle

Type/ Fuel/ Road

Type 2


Table 9.B.1.3: Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. - Valley Lateral Project Tabl

2017 Construction Equipment Criteria Pollutant Emissions 2017 Equipment Type Fuel Engine

Rating

(hp)


(g/hp-hr)³

(g/mile) ⁴

Equipment Operating

Schedule

Pollutant Emissions

(tons)

Equipm

ent

Type

CO NOx SO₂ VOC PM₁₀ PM₂.₅ weeks days/

week

hr/day

mi/day

CO NOx SO₂ VOC PM₁₀ PM₂.₅

On-Road

Heavy Trucks Diesel 2017366123 1 4 1 1.21 5.09 0.01 0.20 0.21 0.20 17 6 100 0.05 0.23 6.0E-4 9.2E-3 9.5E-3 9.2E-3

Buses Diesel 2017364223 1 1 1 1.77 5.21 8.7E-3 0.30 0.25 0.25 17 6 50 9.9E-3 0.03 4.9E-5 1.7E-3 1.4E-3 1.4E-3

Light Trucks Diesel 2017363223 1 4 1 1.22 1.81 4.5E-3 0.23 0.10 0.10 17 6 100 0.05 0.08 2.0E-4 0.01 4.5E-3 4.4E-3

Passenger Cars Gasoline 2017362113 1 24 1 1.42 0.13 4.5E-3 0.02 6.5E-3 6.0E-3 17 6 80 0.31 0.03 9.7E-4 4.0E-3 1.4E-3 1.3E-3

Passenger Trucks Gasoline 2017363113 1 24 1 3.10 0.50 6.2E-3 0.06 0.01 0.01 17 6 80 0.67 0.11 1.3E-3 0.01 2.6E-3 2.4E-3

Non-Road

Lowboy Truck Diesel 2270002051 400 9 59% 0.50 1.33 3.9E-3 0.14 0.08 0.08 17 6 5 0.60 1.59 4.7E-3 0.17 0.09 0.09

Flatbed Truck Diesel 2270002051 125 16 59% 0.32 0.93 3.7E-3 0.14 0.06 0.06 17 6 5 0.21 0.62 2.5E-3 0.09 0.04 0.04

Dozer Diesel 2270002069 250 12 59% 0.52 1.55 4.0E-3 0.16 0.10 0.10 17 6 5 0.52 1.55 4.0E-3 0.16 0.10 0.10

Backhoe/Excavator Diesel 2270002066 300 12 21% 1.93 3.76 5.2E-3 0.54 0.37 0.37 17 6 5 0.82 1.60 2.2E-3 0.23 0.16 0.16

Backhoe Diesel 2270002066 80 6 21% 5.29 4.28 5.9E-3 0.84 0.77 0.77 17 6 5 0.30 0.24 3.3E-4 0.05 0.04 0.04

Side Booms Diesel 2270002069 260 8 59% 0.52 1.55 4.0E-3 0.16 0.10 0.10 17 6 5 0.36 1.07 2.8E-3 0.11 0.07 0.07

Crane Diesel 2270002045 250 3 43% 0.43 1.95 4.1E-3 0.17 0.09 0.09 17 6 5 0.08 0.35 7.5E-4 0.03 0.02 0.02

Crane Diesel 2270002045 680 3 43% 1.00 2.90 4.3E-3 0.18 0.13 0.13 17 6 5 0.50 1.43 2.1E-3 0.09 0.06 0.06

Loaders / Graders Diesel 2270002048 250 2 59% 0.51 1.52 4.0E-3 0.16 0.10 0.10 17 6 5 0.08 0.25 6.6E-4 0.03 0.02 0.02

Farm Tractors Diesel 2270002066 175 1 21% 1.93 3.76 5.2E-3 0.54 0.37 0.37 17 6 5 0.04 0.08 1.1E-4 0.01 7.6E-3 7.6E-3

Forklift / Manlift Diesel 2270002057 60 3 59% 2.26 3.59 4.9E-3 0.26 0.27 0.27 17 6 5 0.14 0.21 2.9E-4 0.02 0.02 0.02

Bending Machine Diesel 2270002081 85 1 59% 2.60 2.89 4.9E-3 0.28 0.35 0.35 17 6 5 0.07 0.08 1.4E-4 7.9E-3 1.0E-2 1.0E-2

Road Boring Machine Diesel 2270002033 90 1 43% 2.32 4.32 5.0E-3 0.46 0.43 0.43 17 6 5 0.05 0.09 1.1E-4 9.9E-3 9.3E-3 9.3E-3

Fill / Test Pumps Diesel 2270006010 40 2 43% 1.47 4.38 5.0E-3 0.34 0.29 0.29 17 6 5 0.03 0.08 9.6E-5 6.6E-3 5.6E-3 5.6E-3

185 acfm Compressor Diesel 2270006015 60 2 43% 1.86 3.82 4.9E-3 0.28 0.25 0.25 17 6 5 0.05 0.11 1.4E-4 8.0E-3 7.3E-3 7.3E-3

375 acfm Compressor Diesel 2270006015 100 2 43% 0.65 2.53 4.3E-3 0.22 0.16 0.16 17 6 5 0.03 0.12 2.1E-4 0.01 7.8E-3 7.8E-3

1200 acfm Compressor Diesel 2270006015 350 2 43% 0.92 3.30 4.4E-3 0.21 0.15 0.15 17 6 5 0.16 0.56 7.4E-4 0.04 0.02 0.02

Welding Machine Diesel 2270006025 40 16 21% 4.09 4.92 5.9E-3 0.93 0.66 0.66 17 6 5 0.31 0.37 4.5E-4 0.07 0.05 0.05

Generator Diesel 2270006005 50 14 43% 2.43 4.78 5.1E-3 0.47 0.41 0.41 17 6 5 0.41 0.81 8.6E-4 0.08 0.07 0.07


Compactor Plate, etc.Diesel 2270002008 50 6 43% 4.47 4.75 5.4E-3 0.64 0.46 0.46 17 6 5 0.32 0.34 3.9E-4 0.05 0.03 0.03


HDD Rig Diesel 2270002033 800 2 43% 1.50 5.59 4.5E-3 0.39 0.24 0.24 0 0 0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0


6.48 12.72 0.03 1.36 0.92 0.91





Total

Load

Factor

NONROAD SCC¹

MOVES Year/

State/ Vehicle

Type/ Fuel/ Road

Type 2



2017 Construction Equipment Greenhouse Gas EmissionsEquipment Type Fuel Engine

Rating


(g/hp-hr)³

(g/mile) ⁴

Equipment Operating

Schedule

Pollutant Emissions

(tons)

(hp) CO2 CH₄⁵ N₂O⁵ CO₂e⁶ weeks days/

week

hr/day

mi/day

CO2 N₂O CH₄ CO₂e

On-Road

Heavy Trucks Diesel 2017366123 1 4 1 1,867 1,869 17 6 100 84 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 84

Buses Diesel 2017364223 1 1 1 1,190 1,191 17 6 50 7 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 7

Light Trucks Diesel 2017363223 1 4 1 615 616 17 6 100 28 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 28

Passenger Cars Gasoline 2017362113 1 24 1 296 296 17 6 80 64 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 64

Passenger Trucks Gasoline 2017363113 1 24 1 406 407 17 6 80 88 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 88

Non-Road

Lowboy Truck Diesel 2270002051 400 9 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 17 6 5 640 0.02 0.04 646

Flatbed Truck Diesel 2270002051 125 16 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 17 6 5 356 8.9E-3 0.02 359

Dozer Diesel 2270002069 250 12 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 17 6 5 534 0.01 0.03 538

Backhoe/Excavator Diesel 2270002066 300 12 21% 625 0.04 0.02 630 17 6 5 266 6.7E-3 0.01 268

Backhoe Diesel 2270002066 80 6 21% 693 0.04 0.02 699 17 6 5 39 9.9E-4 2.2E-3 40

Side Booms Diesel 2270002069 260 8 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 17 6 5 370 9.3E-3 0.02 373

Crane Diesel 2270002045 250 3 43% 530 0.03 0.01 535 17 6 5 96 2.4E-3 5.4E-3 97

Crane Diesel 2270002045 680 3 43% 530 0.03 0.01 535 17 6 5 262 6.6E-3 0.01 264

Loaders / Graders Diesel 2270002048 250 2 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 17 6 5 89 2.2E-3 5.0E-3 90

Farm Tractors Diesel 2270002066 175 1 21% 625 0.04 0.02 630 17 6 5 13 3.2E-4 7.3E-4 13

Forklift / Manlift Diesel 2270002057 60 3 59% 595 0.03 0.01 601 17 6 5 36 8.9E-4 2.0E-3 36

Bending Machine Diesel 2270002081 85 1 59% 595 0.03 0.01 601 17 6 5 17 4.2E-4 9.5E-4 17

Road Boring Machine Diesel 2270002033 90 1 43% 589 0.03 0.01 594 17 6 5 13 3.2E-4 7.2E-4 13

Fill / Test Pumps Diesel 2270006010 40 2 43% 589 0.03 0.01 595 17 6 5 11 2.9E-4 6.4E-4 11




Welding Machine Diesel 2270006025 40 16 21% 693 0.04 0.02 699 17 6 5 52 1.3E-3 3.0E-3 53

Generator Diesel 2270006005 50 14 43% 589 0.03 0.01 594 17 6 5 100 2.5E-3 5.6E-3 101


Compactor Plate, etc.Diesel 2270002008 50 6 43% 588 0.03 0.01 594 17 6 5 43 1.1E-3 2.4E-3 43


HDD Rig Diesel 2270002033 800 2 43% 530 0.03 0.01 534 0 0 0 - 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 -


3,424 3,451





5. Computed from the CO₂ emissions from NONROAD multiplied by ratios of the CH₄ and N₂O to CO₂ from Tables 13.1 and 13.7

in 2015 Climate Registry Default Emission Factors

6. The global warming potentials of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O are assumed to be 1, 25, and 298, respectively.

Load

Factor

Total

NONROAD SCC¹

MOVES Year/

State/ Vehicle

Type/ Fuel/ Road

Type 2



2016 Fugitive Dust

Acres Affected

Construction Area 45.4

Access roads 9.0

Pipe / contractor yards 7.5

Dust Control Efficiency1 50%

Activity Emission Factor

(ton/acre-month)

Reference Duration

(months)

Uncontrolled

Emissions

(tons)

Controlled

Emissions

(tons)

A

c

t

iPM10 PM2.5 PM10PM2.5 PM10

PM2.5

Construction 1.10E-01 1.10E-02 2, 3 2⁷ 9.98 1.00 4.99 0.50

Wind erosion

Construction area 1.58E-02 2.38E-03 3, 4, 5, 6 6⁸ 4.31 0.65 2.16 0.32

Access roads 1.58E-02 2.38E-03 3, 4, 5, 6 4 0.57 0.09 0.28 0.04

Pipe / contractor yards 1.58E-02 2.38E-03 3, 4, 5, 6 4 0.48 0.07 0.24 0.04

Total Fugitive Dust Emissions 15.34 1.80 7.67 0.90

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

It is assumed that at any area construction will entail 2 months of continuous activity.

It is assumed that, on average, it will require 6 months to fully revegetate disturbed areas.

Water and other approved dust suppressants would be used at construction sites.

WRAP Fugitive Dust Handbook, Countess Environmental, September 2006, Table 3-2, level 1, average conditions

PM2.5/PM10 = 0.10 (WRAP Fugitive Dust Handbook, Section 3.4.1)

Wind erosion of exposed areas (seeded land, stripped or graded overburden) = 0.38 ton TSP/acre/yr (WRAP Fugitive Dust

Handbook, Table 11-6)

PM10/TSP = 0.5, PM2.5/PM10 = 0.15, (WRAP Fugitive Dust Handbook, Section 7-2)

Emission factor converted from ton/acre-year to ton/acre-month by dividing by 12



2017 Fugitive Dust

Acres Affected

Construction Area 45.4

Access roads 9.0

Pipe / contractor yards 7.5

Dust Control Efficiency1 50%

Activity Emission Factor

(ton/acre-month)

Reference Duration

(months)

Uncontrolled

Emissions

(tons)

Controlled

Emissions

(tons)

PM10 PM2.5 PM10PM2.5 PM10

PM2.5

Construction 1.10E-01 1.10E-02 2, 3 2⁷ 9.98 1.00 4.99 0.50

Wind erosion

Construction area 1.58E-02 2.38E-03 3, 4, 5, 6 6⁸ 4.31 0.65 2.16 0.32

Access roads 1.58E-02 2.38E-03 3, 4, 5, 6 4 0.57 0.09 0.28 0.04

Pipe / contractor yards 1.58E-02 2.38E-03 3, 4, 5, 6 4 0.48 0.07 0.24 0.04

Total Fugitive Dust Emissions 15.34 1.80 7.67 0.90

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Emission factor converted from ton/acre-year to ton/acre-month by dividing by 12

It is assumed that at any area construction will entail 2 months of continuous activity.

It is assumed that, on average, it will require 6 months to fully revegetate disturbed areas.

Water and other approved dust suppressants would be used at construction sites.

WRAP Fugitive Dust Handbook, Countess Environmental, September 2006, Table 3-2, level 1, average conditions

PM2.5/PM10 = 0.10 (WRAP Fugitive Dust Handbook, Section 3.4.1)

Wind erosion of exposed areas (seeded land, stripped or graded overburden) = 0.38 ton TSP/acre/yr (WRAP Fugitive Dust

Handbook, Table 11-6)

PM10/TSP = 0.5, PM2.5/PM10 = 0.15, (WRAP Fugitive Dust Handbook, Section 7-2)



Construction Emissions Totals

Year Annual Emissions (tons)CO NOх SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5 CO₂ CO₂e

2016 7.60 16.75 0.03 1.65 8.76 1.99 3,803 3,833

2017 6.48 12.72 0.03 1.36 8.59 1.82 3,424 3,451


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