Mindset #45

What is the difference between an invention and a discovery?

Define the following vocabulary in your notebook (NOT in your mindset): Industrialism National market Merger Union Strike Injunction

America Post Civil War

SegregationIndustrializationBig business

Segregation

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court ruled in favor of separate but equal

Jim Crow Laws – laws that discriminated against African Americans

Lynching – an execution by a mob

Industrialization

Inventions! Steam elevator Typewriter Refrigerator car Telephone Light bulb Pullman sleeping

car Razor Camera Many more!!

All inventions can be placed into one of three categories: Manufacturing In the home Agriculture

Industrialization

After the Civil War, the U.S. focused on manufacturing goods

Branching out into heavy industry Railroad tracks Steam engines Farm tractors

STEEL and COAL Production

Consumerism

Creation of the national marketplace changed how people spent their money

Development of department stores Introduction of charge accounts Cater to consumers Advertising costs:

1870 = $50 million 1900 = $542 million

Big Business

Steel Coal Oil Railroads

Monopolies

Social Darwinism

SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST

FOR BUSINESS

Labor Unions

Unions for skilled workers Main objective

Shorter workday Better pay

Knights of Labor First national labor union to remain active

for more than a few of years

Labor Unions - Problems

By 1900 only 1 in every 33 American workers belonged to a union

Unions excluded women, minority groups, and unskilled workers

Less than 100,000 of the 5.3 million working women belonged to unions

In the South, African American workers could only join segregated local unions

Hostility toward immigrant labor Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Closure

Explain the plight of African Americans after the Civil War and Reconstruction.

What invention stood out to you and why? What is consumerism? What were the main industries that were

developing? What is Social Darwinism? What were the problems with the labor

unions?