Mine, Mine, Mine

By: Staci D.Rachel J.Kristen A.Thais D.Mine, Mine, MineA look at the life of minershttp://youtu.be/hyK5MErw3r4 Coal Miners PrayerEach dawn as we rise, lord we know all too well,We face only one thing a pit filled with hell.To scratch out a living the best that we can,But deep in the heart, lies the soul of a man.With black covered faces, and hard calloused hands,We work the dark tunnels, unable to stand.To labour and toil as we harvest the coal,We silently pray Lord, please harvest our souls.

Definition of miningDefinition: Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually (but not always) from an ore body, vein or (coal) seam.

What is mined?Materials recovered by mining include bauxite, coal, copper, gold, silver, diamonds, iron, precious metals, lead, limestone, magnesite, nickel, phosphate, oil shale, rock salt, tin, uranium and molybdenum.

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Children sorting coal from slate6Leaders and innovators in miningArchimedes invented the Archimedes screwCharles SteenDaniel GuggenheimEd SchieffelinGeorge Stephenson inventor of the Geordie lampHenry Beecher Dierdorff American inventor of mining equipment

ContinuedHerbert HooverHorace Austin Warner TaborHumphry Davy inventor of the Davy lampMeyer GuggenheimPaddy MartinezWilliam Boyce ThompsonWilliam Reid Clanny inventor of the first safety lamp

The trouble with mining:Gold, silver, coltan, copper: metals and minerals are processed in all sorts of ways into products we daily use. Impact of mining on local communities is immense.The technology applied for extraction of minerals uses extremely toxic. The local population does not agree with these kind of practices and usually revolt. The arguments of these local communities against the large scale mining industry can be summed up as follows:Mining concessions are granted without participation of local communities and their traditional leaders, and thus are essentially illegal.These mines contribution little of not at all to development of the local economy of these communities.Mining companies are a big threat to the environment and the existence of agriculture, due to pollution of water sources and devastation of existing ecosystems.Mining activity contributes to loss of culture, divides communities and increases the gap between the rich and poor.

- Gold, silver, coltan, copper: metals and minerals are processed in all sorts of ways into products we daily use and because of that are massively extracted by the mining industry from Northern countries. These natural resources are mainly found in the South, where governments do not regulate strongly and the financial climate is beneficial for mining activities. Hence, investing in mining is enormously profitable, moreover as global demand for raw materials keeps increasing, so do prices. - Impact of mining on local communities is immense: farmers lose their land, while mining companies sometimes acquire the rights to these lands for a bargain.The technology applied for extraction of minerals uses extremely toxic, chemical products like cyanide, that often seep into the groundwater having a big ecological impact on local farming production.The local population does not agree with these kind of practices and revolt: all over the world examples of mining conflicts can be found, just like in Peru and Bolivia, so called 'traditional mining countries'. Such conflicts tend to escalate into violent conflicts between police and farmers deaths are no longer an exception.The arguments of these local communities against the large scale mining industry can be summed up as follows:Mining concessions are granted without participation of local communities and their traditional leaders, and thus are essentially illegal.These mines contribution little of not at all to development of the local economy of these communitiesMining companies are a big threat to the environment and the existence of agriculture, due to pollution of water sources and devastation of existing ecosystems.Mining activity contributes to loss of culture, divides communities and increases the gap between the rich and poor.

9Examples of tools

Facts:The average coal miner is 45 years old and has 20 years of experience.The average weekly wage for a miner in Kentucky is $751.30It is estimated that Black Lung disease affects 2.8 percent of coal miners. About 0.2 percent of coal workers have scarring on the lungs, the most severe form of the disease. Each year, close to 400 miners die from black lung disease.

Historical Background:Early Egyptians mined for copper 3,400 years agoCoal mining developed in the U.S. during the Industrial Revolution.1849 California Gold Rush began1859 oil production in US began

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Children working as coal miners in Pennsylvania, 1911

13Social Consequences:JobsHope for developmentResource CurseViolence against civilians

Political Consequences:The country of Africa is known for mining an abundance of diamonds. The problem is that because so many diamonds are mined, many corporate consumers have no clue where the diamond comes from making it nearly impossible to confirm where exactly the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) stands.The Kimberley Process- the Kimberley Process is something that was supported by many nations to ensure that the diamonds they were purchasing werent Blood Diamonds. Blood Diamonds are diamonds found by rebel groups or anti-government groups who use the trade money to buy weapons and recruit more people for their groups. Thought of in 1998, the nations met and agreed that every diamond exported must be certified conflict free, and which was successfully established in 2003. Of course some diamonds are still smuggled in and sold without being certified by the Kimberley Process.By that meaning that so many problems related to diamond mining exist in Congo, Africa. The main problem is that military groups are rebelling against government officials thus mining their own diamonds and trading them with other countries for weapons, thought to be used to assist in the Angola Civil War.

Facts:Because Angola contains the worlds largest resources of diamonds and petroleum, it can be the wealthiest country, but because of the war for Angola Liberation, the fight prevents the country to further develop economically.The MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberations of Angola) of Angola is named President Dos Santos and the UNITA leader is named Dr. Jonas Savimbi. (UNITA- National Union for the Total Independence of Angola). These two people are responsible for the millions of land mines within the country.

Economic Consequences:The costs and profits of mining are not fairly distributed.Private enterprises make the profits. The local economies are seriously disturbed.Pollution of the environment means a serious threat to the ecosystem and the health of the local communities.On a global level it is unjust for the local communities. More critical accounts, however, doubt that mining is prosperous to local communities. They state that:The costs and profits of mining are not fairly distributed and in many cases the profits even don't live up to the costs, as a result of the enormous passive social and ecological costs.Private enterprises make profits, but the agricultural communities have to bear the (passive) costs.The local economies are seriously disturbed, by e.g. the dutch disease effect, a macro-economic phenomenon which occurs when foreign currencies gain by the extraction of natural resources. In many cases the contribution of mining to a micro-economic situation, then, in a global perspective, is rather negative than positive.Pollution of the environment means a serious threat to the ecosystem and the health of the local communities, with grave consequences for the farmers, who depend on agriculture.On a global level, it is unjust that natural resources which actually belong to the South, produce enormous profits for western enterprises and shareholders in the North and merely a very small percentage remains as 'royalties' for the local communities. The well-known story about the colonization of the South just goes on, but on a much larger scale today than centuries ago.

18Who suffers from mining:The environment in the communities around the mines due to pollution.Miners who suffer health issues and dangerous conditions.

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Miners going to work20Who benefits from mining:Local CommunityJobsWorkers bond over timeHome Countrys EconomyIncreased government revenue due to miningAttracts businessesMining CompanyHuge profitsAble to exploit minesStabilization Clauses

Conditions that promote problem:The pure fact that this country produces oil, gas, and diamonds pretty much says that they have say in how they handle their trade. Unfortunately because they have such wealthy resources many groups use this advantage to trade with other countries for weapons and money. On the downside of that, they use far more resources to fund war then they are gaining from it. Because so many conditions have been put on diamonds such as the Kimberley Process and the certification of diamonds, many workers are working harder to find more blood diamonds to sell and make money. The blood diamond exportation went from %15 of diamonds exported being blood diamonds to only .02%. Unfortunately, those people being held captive by refugee groups are still working hard to find diamonds illegally and risking their safety and lives to satisfy their leaders.A way that African government are following to prevent diamond smuggling is for every diamond sold outside of the country there needs to be proof of foundation and proof of purchase.

Possible Solutions:Mincom Intelligent Mining SolutionMincom EllipseMincom MobilityMincom Critical Inventory OptimizationMincom LinkOneMincom Axis B2BIntro: The mining industry is technically difficult and risky. Mining organizations need reliable technology solutions they can count on to help them do their job. That's why Mincom has developed specialized solutions that cover the entire spectrum of the mining processes from exploration to logistics, from sales to asset maintenance.Mincom Intelligent Mining Solution The Mincom Intelligent Mining Solution (IMS) provides a comprehensive range of technical mining solutions, covering the entire spectrum of mining processes from exploration to outbound logistics and sales.Flexibility to manage exploration, drilling, and sampling data with extensive geologic modeling and mine design functionality Laboratory information management system (LIMS) for mining and metal processing Assay management tools for tracking and storing analytical data and protocols for all samples in the mining value chain Production accounting for mining, mineral processing, smelting, and refining operations Visibility across the entire value chain of mining logistics and sales processes, from mine to marketMincom Ellipse Mincom Ellipse is a fully integrated EAM and ERP solution built on our 30 years of experience working for a global, asset intensivecustomer base. It provides complete visibility and management of enterprise-wide assets to organizations in themining, defense, public infrastructure, energy, andoil and gas industries.Improved asset performance Reduced operating costs Improved maintenance productivity and parts management Improved safety and mitigated risk Built-in support for mining best practices Enhanced compliance with regulatory standardsMincom Mobility Mincom Mobility is a suite of end-to-end, fully-integrated mobile applications that automate field force operations using mobile devices such as laptops, tablets, PDAs, and more. With Mincom's mobile workforce managementsolutions, field personnel can always perform the right job, with the right resources, wherever they are.Better maintenance productivity and reduced maintenance costs Improved asset utilization Enhanced worker health and safety compliance Improved service quality with smarter schedulingMincom Critical Inventory Optimization Mincom Critical Inventory Optimization (MCIO) is anintelligent, predictive software solution that identifies the optimal holdings of every stock item based on usage patterns and criticality. MCIO automatically analyzes and adjusts stock levels and reordering requirements on an ongoing basis.Improved availability and reduced stock-outs of critical items Reduced working capital tied up in inventoryImproved vendor performance Accurate catalog descriptions and classifications Managed workflow for the cataloguing process with a managed workflow Seamless integration with any EAM or ERP systemMincom LinkOne Mincom LinkOne is a graphical content delivery solution that provides correct and timely part information to a large and geographically dispersed network of dealers and operators. It's a powerful and easy-to-use solution for manufacturing plants as well as asset maintenance organizations. Improved order accuracy andreduced unused inventory Reduced asset downtime Easy access to parts and service information Lower average repair timeMincom Axis B2B Mincom Axis is a hosted solution providing business-to-business integration and web applications to optimize business processes between trading partners. Mincom Axis is a complete, enterprise-level solution that facilitates the automated exchange of any information, reliably and securely, via a wide range of Internet protocols and in a variety of message formats.B2B hosted solution directly integrates with trading partnersSimple and powerful functionalities process purchase orders, invoice, work orders and other information

23As an individual:Everyone is affected because we all use materials derived from minerals that are mined.

The San Antonio community:Quarries14 in San AntonioInvestment in economyTruckersConstruction

The Texas region:Living in Texas my whole life, Ive rarely traveled the entire state. Only nearby cities like Corpus Christi and Austin. Of course I cant forget the Tanger Outlets in San Marcus. These outlets have a variety of diamond stores, and well I cant lie and say I havent taken a peek at a few diamonds or two. Viewing commercial after commercial, prices seem to rise in the diamond industry and I cant imagine how high the prices must be up north in New York and surrounding areas. Knowing that the diamonds we buy from Zales, Kay Jewelers, Jared go through a process to get to these stores makes me wonder how much each diamond is worth without all the expenses of importing, certifying, shaping and creating unique jewelry. Because not many Texans seem to realize that searching for diamonds is life risking, they dont seem to care as to how they get diamonds, just that they get them.

The nation as a whole:Mining produces three types of mineral commodities (metals, industrial minerals, and fuels) that all countries find essential for maintaining and improving their standards of living. Mining produces three types of mineral commodities (metals, industrial minerals, and fuels) that all countries find essential for maintaining and improving their standards of living. Mining provides critical needs in times of war or national emergency. The United States is both a major consumer and a major producer of mineral commodities, and the U.S. economy could not function without minerals and the products made from them. In states and regions where mining is concentrated, this industry plays an important role in the local economy.

29The global community:Compared to Texans, the global community seems to want to help out by enforcing the Kimberley Process, yet they also want to buy diamonds the cheapest possible to make as much as a profit possible. Corporations must keep in mind that the diamonds they are selling to their consumers can be backed by certifications, raising prices in purchasing diamonds for both the big corporations and consumers themselves.

Coal miners songhttp://youtu.be/Zv2uA5QEbNwb

References:http://www.coal-miners-in-kentucky.com/ http://youtu.be/Zv2uA5QEbNwb http://youtu.be/hyK5MErw3r4 http://www1.american.edu/ted/ice/congo.htmhttp://www1.american.edu/projects/mandala/TED/ice/ANGOLA.HTMhttp://www.globalwitness.org/campaigns/conflict/conflict-diamonds/kimberley-processhttp://web.ebscohost.com.libweb.lib.utsa.edu/ehost/detail?vid=3&hid=108&sid=e1671093-0cd6-4229-9914-8c9f7f4c0b01%40sessionmgr111&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=a9h&AN=21417164http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0730/p07s02-woaf.htmlhttp://catapa.be/en http://www.mincom.com/en/solutions/industry/mining.aspx http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10318&page=70 33References for pictures:http://www.phongpo.com/2010/07/07/western-kentucky-mine-roof-plan-already-in-fatal-accident/underground-coal-mining/ http://www.google.com/imgres?q=coal+mining&um=1&hl=en&tbm=isch&tbnid=v07VVcR_YeDOhM:&imgrefurl=http://www.frozentoothpaste.com/2007/09/13/fossil-fuels-are-dangerous/&docid=V0JiVA-8pi6dhM&w=300&h=453&ei=zOGBTqaEKtC2tgecyfDtAQ&zoom=1&biw=1280&bih=843&iact=rc&dur=405&page=2&tbnh=145&tbnw=102&start=21&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:21&tx=36&ty=70 http://www.old-picture.com/american-history-1900-1930s/miners-Coal.htm http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/immigrant-children-1.htm http://englishrussia.com/2006/09/20/a-miners-village/ http://www.undergroundminers.com/ http://www.benhamky.org/Museum/ http://ohiodnr.com/mineral/history/tabid/17883/Default.aspx Game: Chocolate Chip MiningMaterials:Each group gets 1 chocolate chip cookie, a toothpick, a paper clip, and a sheet of graph paper. Place the cookie on the graph paper and trace around the cookie. Figure out who is the youngest person in your group- this person will be the head of the mining company and everyone else will be the workers.Activity:Your group is a major mining company that has decided to mine in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Your company is mining in the village of Musheko, which is near the Kahuzi-Biega National Park. The villagers are excited for the mine, as they want the jobs and development it will bring to their village. Your companys goal is to meet the expectations of the villagers, and still make a profit so that youll have the opportunity to mine again. So get all the diamonds (chocolate chips) out of the cookie that you can, but be careful not to get any crumbs outside of the line you drew-that means devastating pollution to the village of Musheko.

Rules:The head of the company cannot touch the mine, only direct the workers in what to do.No one can touch the cookie with your hands, you can only use the tools you buy.Each group starts out with $200,000 after buying tools to mine withEach chocolate chip that you dig out of the cookie is worth $400,000.You have 4 minutes to mine your cookie.Each square of graph paper that has crumbs in it at the end of 4 minutes costs you $250,000 to clean up the pollution you caused.How much did you make?Start with $200,000Add $400,000 for each chocolate chip that you mined from the cookieAdd that up.Then subtract $250,000 for each square that crumbs were in, as to pay for pollution clean upThe head of the company can now take whatever is left and pay your workers however you see fitThe leftovers is what the company made

Questions to think about?Did you end up polluting the surrounding areas?Were you thinking more about finding chocolate chips, or keeping the surrounding areas clean?Is it possible to both make a profit and treat your workers the right way? How did your mine benefit or harm the village of Musheko?