mineral resource department directorate of geology...

MINERAL RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

DIRECTORATE OF GEOLOGY AND MINING

CHHATTISGARH

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT

BIJAPUR

INTRODUCTION

Bijapur district is one of the Twenty Seven districts of Chhattisgarh State and

Bijapur town is the administrative headquarters of this district. It was earlier part

of Dantewada District. The Bijapur district occupies the southernmost part of

Chhattisgarh state. The district is bound on north by Narayanpur district, on

northeast by Bastar district, on east by Dantewada district, on southeast by Sukma

district of Chhattisgarh state, on south by Telangana state and on west by

Maharashtra state. The total area of the district is approximately 6562.48 km2.

The four block divisions are Bijapur, Bairamgarh, Bhopalpatnam and

Usoor. Most part of the district consists of hills. The loftiest peak of the district is

Bailadila or the "Bullock's Hump". It is situated to the south of the Indrawati

River and tilts towards north-south. The district is rich in forest.

Nearest airport is at Raipur and railway station is at Dantewada. By road, Bijapur

is linked with Dantewada, Raipur and Vishakhapatnam. It's headquarter is

situated at Bijapur which is approximately 90 KMs south from the District

Dantewada. River Indrawati the main geographical feature of the district, flows

across the southern limit of it with a tortuous course.

District survey report has been prepared as per the guidelines mentioned in

appendix-10 of the notification No. S.O. 141 (E) New Delhi, 15 January, 2016 of

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. This report has prepared

by the Regional head, DGM Jagdalpur as per instructions issued by the Director,

Geology & Mining (C.G.), Raipur by its letter no.

5103-05/geology-1/f.no.11/2015-16, dated 22/04/2016.

District Environment Impact Assessment Authority and District Environment

Assessment Committee will utilize this report in favour of the environment

concerned activities and act accordingly.

Also this report will act as reference for the lease holders of minerals and those

willing to apply for lease.

OVERVIEV OF MINING ACTIVITY IN THE DISTRICT

Minerals of economic importance are found in Bijapur district mainly corundum.

Building materials like aggregate, sand, murrom, ordinary stone, brick clay are

also found in enough quantity.

One mine of corundum has been allotted to Chhattisgarh Mineral Development

Corporation Limited.

Beside these 03 Stone quarries at Bhairamgad, Bhopalpatnam and Bijapur area

have been leases out.

01 sand quarries have been leased in Mangalnar area.

Approximately 2.90 crore rupees royalty is earned from all minerals in the

district in 2015-16.

DETAILS OF ROYALTY OR REVENUE RECEIVED IN LAST THREE YEAR

(MAJOR MINERALS)

S. NO. MINERAL ROYALTY OR REVENUE RECEIVED

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Nil Nil Nil Nil

Total Nil Nil Nil

DETAILS OF ROYALTY OR REVENUE RECEIVED IN LAST THREE YEAR

(MINOR MINERALS)

S. NO. MINERAL ROYALTY OR REVENUE RECEIVED

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Ordinary Stone, Clay for

making Bricks, Sand and

Murum

12,28,873.00 33,34,339.00 2,90,52,143.00

Total 12,28,873.00 33,34,339.00 2,90,52,143.00

DETAILS OF PRODUCTION & ROYALTY OF SAND IN LAST THREE YEAR

(ORDANARY SAND)

S. NO. FINANCIAL YEAR PRODUCTION OF SAND

(in m3)

ROYALTY RECEIVED

(in Rs)

1 2013-14 Nil Nil

2 2014-15 Nil Nil

3 2015-16 Nil Nil

Total Nil Nil

PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy, they do stuff. The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but, besides this, they also

transport load, erode load and erode the channel through which they flow.

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent. In the case of a river, the

agent is water. The water can erode the river’s channel and the river’s load. A

river’s load is bits of eroded material, generally rocks, which the river transports

until it deposits its load.

A river’s channel is eroded laterally and vertically making the channel wider and

deeper. The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is dictated by the stage in the

river’s course, discussed in more detail here but essentially, in the upper stage of

the river’s course (close to the source of the river) there is little horizontal erosion

and lots of vertical erosion. In the middle and lower stages vertical erosion is

reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place. There are several different ways

that a river erodes its bed and banks. The first is hydraulic action, where the force

of the water removes rock particles from the bed and banks. This type of erosion

is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the water has a high velocity. The next

type of erosion is corrasion. This is where the river’s load acts almost like

sandpaper, removing pieces of rock as the load rubs against the bed & banks. This

sort of erosion is strongest when the river is transporting large chunks of rock or

after heavy rainfall when the river’s flow is turbulent.

Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of rocks.

Water, being ever so slightly acidic, will react with certain rocks and dissolve

them. Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk or

limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise, it doesn’t have

much of an effect. Cavitations is an interesting method of erosion. Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the river’s

banks. These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that

weakens the rocks. The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be

weakened to the point at which it falls apart. The final type of erosion is attrition.

Attrition is a way of eroding the river’s load, not the bed and banks. Attrition is

where pieces of rock in the river’s load knock together, breaking chunks of rock

off of one another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load.

Transportation, when a river erodes the eroded material becomes the river’s load

and the river will then transport this load through its course until it deposits the

load. There are a few different ways that a river will transport load depending on

how much energy the river has and how big the load is. The largest of particles

such as boulders are transported by traction. These particles are rolled along the

bed of the river, eroding the bed and the particles in the process, because the river

doesn’t have enough energy to move these large particles in any other way.

Slightly smaller particles, such as pebbles and gravel, are transported by saltation.

This is where the load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has

enough energy to lift the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to

travel by suspension. Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in

suspension; they are suspended in the water. Most of a river’s load is transported

by suspension.

Solution is a special method of transportation. This is where particles are

dissolved into the water so only rocks that are soluble, such as limestone or chalk,

can be transported in solution. Capacity & Competence Rivers can only carry so

much load depending on their energy. The maximum volume of load that a river

can carry at a specific point in its course is called the river’s capacity. The biggest

sized particle that a river could carry at a specific point is called the river’s

competence.

Deposition to transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses

energy it is forced to deposit its load. There are several reasons why a river could

lose energy. If the river’s discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy

because it isn’t flowing as quickly anymore. This could happen because of a lack

of precipitation or an increase in evaporation. Increased human use (abstraction)

of a river could also reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load. If the gradient

of the river’s course flattens out, the river will deposit its load because it will be

travelling a lot slower. When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load

because the gradient is generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot

of energy. As rivers get nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide,

gentle sided valleys. The channel increases in size to hold the extra water which

the river has to receive from its tributaries. As the river gets bigger it can carry

larger amounts of material. This material will be small in size, as larger rocks will

have broken up on their way from the mountains. Much of the material will be

carried in suspension and will erode the river banks by abrasion. When rivers

flow over flatter land, they develop large bends called meanders. As a river goes

around a bend most of the water is pushed towards the outside causing increased

erosion. The river is now eroding sideways into its banks rather than downwards

into its bed, a process called lateral erosion. On the inside of the bend, in contrast,

there is much less water. The river will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing. It

cannot carry as much material and so sand and shingle will be deposited. This is

called a point bar or slip off slope. Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and

deposition on the inside, the shape of a meander will change over a period of

time. Notice how erosion narrows the neck of the land within the meander. In

time, and usually during a flood, the river will cut right through the neck. The

river will then take the new, shorter route. The fastest current, called the thalweg,

will now tend to be in the centre of the river, and so deposition is likely to occur

in gentler water next to the banks.

Eventually deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake. The

oxbow lake will slowly dry up, only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood.

Streams lose velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases, when the

volume of water decreases, when there is an increase in cross section, when they

encounter obstructions, or when they enter still water. They deposit alluvial fans,

alluvial cones, piedmont alluvial plains, channel fill, bars, flood plains and deltas.

GENERAL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

S. NO. PARTICULARS STATISTICS

1 GENERAL INFORMATION

Geographical Area 6562.48 km2

Geographical Position latitudes 18˚45’00”N

longitudes 80˚41’00”E

Administration Division/ No. of Tehsil 04

No. of Panchayat/ Villages 169/699

Population (as per Census 2011) 255230

Population Density (as per Census 2011) 39/ km2

2 GEOGRAPHOLOGY

Major Strategraphic/ Rock Granite, Sandstone etc.

Major Drainage Indaravati, Minganchal,

Chintabagu and Mari River

Temperature (in 0C) Minimum 12

Maximum 46

3 LAND USE (km2)

Forest area 2965.189

4 Major Soil Type

5 No. of GROUND WATER MONITORING STATION OF CGWB (10.05.2016)

No. of Dugwells Attached

Water level Attached

No. of major bridges 01

6 HYDROGEOLOGY

Major water bearing formation Granite

Pre-Monsoon depth of water level Attached

Post-Monsoon depth of water level Attached

7 MINING SCENARIO

Total No. of Mining Leases (Major Minerals) Nil

Total area of Mining Leases (Major Minerals) Nil

Total Royalty or Revenue Received from Major

Minerals in 2015-16

Nil

Total No. of Quarry Leases (Minor Minerals) 01

Total area of Quarry Leases (Minor Minerals) 3.70 Hact.

Total Royalty or Revenue Received from Minor

Minerals in 2015-16

2,90,52,143.00

Total No. of Notified Sand Leases 06

Total area of Sand Leases 35.921 Hact.

Total production of Sand in 2015-16 Nil

No. of Quarry Lease to be extended as per Amended

CGMMR 2015

01

LAD USE PATTERN IN THE DISTRICT

FOREST LAND

S.

NO.

NAME OF

FOREST

PROTECTED

FOREST

(km2)

RESERVE

FOREST

(km2)

UNDEMARCATED

FOREST

(km2)

TOTAL

(km2)

1 Bijapur 1224.135 1130.379 610.675 2965.189

AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION LAND

1 Total Agriculture land 68752.00 Hact.

2 Name of the crops mostly cultivated Paddy

3 Source of Irrigation Canal, Tank, Tube well,

Dugout well and other

4 Method of Irrigation Flood Irrigation method

5 Total Irrigation Land (in percent) 3051 Hact. (5.00%)

PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE DISTRICT

Bijapur district is one of the Twenty Seven districts of Chhattisgarh State. It was

earlier part of Dantewada District. Major part of the district falls in the Survey of

India Degree Sheet No.65 B and is bounded between latitudes 18˚45’00”N and

longitudes 80˚41’00”E. The total area of the district is approximately 6562.48

km2. The Bijapur district occupies the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh state.

The district is bound on north by Narayanpur district, on northeast by Bastar

district, on east by Dantewada district, on southeast by Sukma district of

Chhattisgarh state, on south by Telangana state and on west by Maharashtra state.

The four block divisions are Bijapur, Bairamgarh, Bhopalpatnam and

Usoor. Most part of the district consists of hills. The loftiest peak of the district is

Bailadila or the "Bullock's Hump". It is situated to the south of the Indrawati

River and tilts towards north-south. The district is rich in forest.

Physiographically, major part of the district exhibits pediment/pediplain

landforms. Other landforms seen in the district are structural plateau of upper and

lower level in the western part, structural plain in the south eastern part, structural

hills and valleys in the northen and eastern part, denudational plateau in the

eastern part and denudational hills and vallys in the centeral and western part.

Most of the district area falls in Indravati, Minganchal, Chintabagu and Mari

catchment. Indravati, Minganchal, Chintabagu rivers and their tributaries

constitute the surface drainage network of the district.

RAINFALL OF DISTRICT BIJAPUR (MONTH WISE)

YEAR 2013-14 (mm)

MONTH BIJAPUR BHAIRAMGAD BHOPALPATNAM USOOR

April-2013 125.30 90.00 168.00 136.20

May-2013 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

June-2013 628.20 434.30 414.80 473.70

July-2013 1080.10 922.20 848.00 818.30

August-2013 957.10 567.50 490.60 610.50

September-2013 157.00 222.00 199.40 76.50

October-2013 298.50 199.20 165.20 109.70

November-2013 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

December-2013 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

January-2014 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

February-2014 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

March-2014 45.60 77.30 70.20 41.70

YEAR 2014-15 (mm)


April-2014 19.60 0.00 0.00 0.00

May-2014 62.70 27.00 0.00 0.00

June-2014 133.80 148.60 38.40 39.20

July-2014 456.70 417.00 405.80 349.30

August-2014 486.60 355.00 350.70 229.40

September-2014 473.80 456.50 450.00 447.90

October-2014 94.80 147.80 59.20 59.10

November-2014 12.00 1.00 8.90 9.20

December-2014 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

January-2015 41.10 4.20 32.90 16.00

February-2015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

March-2015 60.90 35.40 10.10 38.20

YEAR 2015-16 (mm)


April-2015 145.80 40.20 0.00 0.00

May-2015 0.00 0.00 15.80 0.00

June-2015 727.90 800.60 469.80 197.10

July-2015 279.10 297.50 160.30 37.30

August-2015 470.50 474.30 354.30 281.40

September-2015 408.50 217.10 166.20 369.50

October-2015 18.40 5.20 6.10 3.20

November-2015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

December-2015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

January-2016 10.20 0.00 9.00 0.00

February-2016 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

March-2016 10.20 8.40 57.80 23.40

WATER LEVEL OF PRE MONSSON & POST MONSOON

GEOLOGY

Physiographically, major part of the district exhibits pediment/pediplain

landforms. Other landforms seen in the district are structural plateau of upper and

lower level in the western part, structural plain in the south eastern part, structural

hills and valleys in the northen and eastern part, denudational plateau in the

eastern part and denudational hills and vallys in the centeral and western part.

Most of the district area falls in Godavari, Indravati and Sabari catchment.

Indravati, Godavari, Sabari rivers and their tributaries constitute the surface

drainage network of the district. The general gradient is towards south, southeast

and southwest. The maximum elevation in the area is -----1265 m above mean sea

level as recorded in the Bailadila ranges in the northern part while the minimum

elevation of ---99 m. above mean sea level is noted in the south western part of

the district.

Rock formations belonging to Archaean to Neo Proterozoic, Cainozoic and

Quaternary are exposed in the district. The olderst rocks in the area are

represented by Eastern Ghat Supergroup and Bengpal group of Archaean age.

Estern Ghat Supergroup is exposed from Mattimark, ,arwada to Pamed in the

western part of district and comprises leptynite (garnetiferous granite gneiss),

Charnockite, pyroxene granulite, khondalite and ulramafic granulite. Rock

belonging to Bengapal group are exposed in the major part of the district and

comprises various types of gneisses and schists, amphibolites, meta-basics, meta-

ultramafics, migmatites and different varieties of quartzites e.g. pyroxene

quartzite, cherty quartzite, ferruginous quartzite, sericitic quartzite,banded

magnetite and grunerite-magnetite-quartzite.

Bailadila Group of Archaean to palaeo Proterozoic age are exposed from south of

Kunjangwara to Kidindul in the north eastern part of the district and comprises

hornblende schist, meta-basic, meta ultrabasic, talc- tremolite schist, banded

magnetite quartzite, quartzite, meta-conglomerate, quartz-sericite schist,

ferruginous shale, phyllite and meta-tuff. This group owes its importance due to

the associated iron ore deposits which are being mined since long.

Dongarghar Granite of palaeo Proterozoic age is exposed in

Madepur,Bairamghar, south of Kunjangwara and east of gangalur areas in the

northern part of the district and include a variety of granite i.e. biotite granite,

hornblende-biotite granite, amphibole granite, leucogranite etc.

Abujmar Group of rock of Palaeo to Meso proterozoic age are exposed from

Thukanar, Murumwara to kunjangwara, Gawad in the northern part of the district.

It is further divided into Gundal and maspur formations. Maspur Formation is a

meta-volcanic sequence where as Gundal Formation is a sedimentaey sequence

comprising conglomerate, sandstone and shale. Tulsi Dongar Group considered as

equivalent to the Abujmar Group is exposed to the north east and south east of

Chidpal in the eastern extent of the district. It is a volcanosedimentary sequence

and comprises meta-basalt/gabbro, sandstone and quartzite.

The Bengpal and Abujmar group of rocks and Dongarghar Granite are profusely

intruded by basic dykes/sills and quartz/pegmatite/aplite reefs/veins.

The Albaka formation, which is directly classified under Pakhal supergroup and

the Lakhanavaram formation and Pattipalli formation of Mulug Group of Pakhal

Supergroup of Meso Proterozoic age are exposed from Timed to west of

Lankapalli and Utlapalli to Kottapalle in the south western part of district. The

Albaka formation is mainly composed of sandstone whereas Mulug formation is

mainly a shale unit with minor quartzite. Pattipalle formation is mainly a quartzite

unit.

Sabari Group of rocks of Meso Proterozoic age are exposed around Rokel,

Talner, Sukma, Guttaguda and bot side of Sabri/Kolab River in the south eastern

part of the district and comprises sub-arkose, orthoquartzite, siltstone,

conglomerate, limestone and shale.

Doli and Usar formation of Sullavai Group of Neo Proterozoic age exposed from

Lankapalli to Nambi in the south western part of the district. Doli formation

comprises intraformational breccias, conglomerate, pebbly sandstone and

sandstone. Usar formation is mainly a sandstone.

Laterite of Caonozoic age occurs mainly on Bailadila ranges as a fairly thick

blanket. Alluvium of Quaternary age occur fro Kodta to Kukanar in the mid-

eastern part of the district.

The district is richly endowed with mineral wealth. The major economic mineral

deposits/occurrences reported in the district include gold,coper,iron ore,tin

(cassiterite), radioactive mineral, chromite, asbestos, bauxite, clay, corundum,

garnet, graphite, kyanite, magnesite, mica, sillimanite, and limestone. Primary

gold mineralization has been reported from Puspal. Copper is reported from

Modernar. Large deposits of haematitic iron ore occur associated with Bailadila

Group and are reported from 3.5 km south east of Kondapal, southwest of

bailaidila, 2.5 km west of Bacheli, --- 1265m, 4 km north east of Purngel and 4

km south west of kidindul. Cassiterite, the ore of tin occurs in pegmatite and also

as colluvial deposit and is reported from Churwada, Govindpal, Mundval,

Pushpal and Bodavada. Radioactive minerals are reported from Yenchawasa,

Raiguda and Pushpal. Chromite in talc-tremolite schist is reported from

Kondasanvali. Pockets and lenses of tremolite asbestos are reported from

Kondasanvali and Gollapalli. Bauxite occurs associated with laterite and is

reported from Taralimeta. Fairly large deposits of while/buff/variegated clay

suitable for low grade pottery occur at Rokel and Sindigar. Corundum occurrence

is reported from Bhopalpatnam and Kuchnoor. Granet crystals varying in size

from 1 to 10 cm are reported from 12 km westnorth west of Konta. Specks of

flaky graphite are reported from Borakonda-Sanuali, 3 km south west of

Kamaram, Palachelam and Bate Tongu. Kyanite occurs in schists and gneisses of

Bengpal Group and is repoeted from Mura-Ka-Gutta and Nilamraia-Gutta thin

veinlets of magnesite associated with talc-tremolite schist and tremolite schist are

reported from nedra. Minor occurrences of lepidolite (mica) are reported from

Mundaval and Kawargaon. Massive sillimanite is reported from Samsatta.

Deposits of limestone associated with shale formation of Sabri Group are reported

from Gudra, Ikmeras, Pujariras and Rokel.

MINERALS: Occurrences of Corundum in the district is as follows :-

1. Kuchnoor - (80o24'13" : 18

o51'0", Toposheet no. 65 B/5)

Kuchnoor is situated 2 km. NW of Bhopalpatnam. Corundum bearing area has

been invented in detailed by D.G.M. and divided into 3 blocks namely Block-I,

Block-II and Block-III. The host rock of corundum in this area is biotite granite

gneisses.

The crystal of corundum found in Block-I are ruby red in colour with some

translucent to faintly transparent crystals. Corundum grains obtained from Block-II

are opaque, mostly of honey brown, earthy brown, yellowish or purplish colour.

Crystal range is size from a few mm. to over 3 cm. Corundum recovered from

Dobegutta hill (Block-III) is dark brown with a bit of bluish tinge and has

developed micaceous partings along the basal pinacoid of the crystal. They are

therefore, more platy as compared to the elongated crystals from two Blocks.

Corundum of Block-II & III are mostly of industrial variety.

The corundum occurrence in the area is restricted to only lateral extension.

Mineralization does not persist in depth. Estimated reserve of Ruby corundum in

Block-I, including industrial and semi-precious varieties is 98.642 kg. Estimated

reserve of industrial variety corundum in Block-II and Block-III are 24.0334

tonnes. Additional 5.69 tonnes reserves of corundum is also proved by directorate

in Kuchnoor area in 1997-99.

Earlier, The State Mining Corporation Ltd was engaged in the exploitation of

corundum in this area.

2. Ulloor - (80o 22' 15" : 18

o 54' 00", Toposheet No. 65 B/5)

Primary and placer both type of corundum reported in the village Ulloor. Placer

corundum is encountered in Pedakonta nala. Primary corundum found at the depth

of 3.85 m. in biotite granite gneiss. The corundum is pinkish violet in colour, barrel

shaped with perfect basal pinacoid and hexagonal prism. On the pitting work

0.0225 tonnes reserves are estimated in the area. It falls partly in forest and

revenue area and partly in private land.

3. Dampaya area - (80o 29'15":18

o 50'15", Toposheet No. 65 B/5)

In this area, pieces of corundum were recovered from nala section. Corundum is

pinkish yellow, translucent, hexagonal barrel shaped. Country rock of the area is

granite gneiss. It comes under forest area.

4. Dhangol -

The area is situated 10 km. from Madded. Area is bounded between longitude

80o30'0" to 80

o50'0" and latitude 18

o40'15" to 18

o45'0" in the Toposheet No. 65

B/9. The corundum recovered is insitu i.e. from biotite granite gneisses. The

corundum is pinkish violet in colour and characterised by basal pinacoid prism and

striations. Corundum is translucent and can be placed in semiprecious stone

category.

5. Chikudapalli - (80o 24' 4" : 18


The area is situated 5 km. due NE of Bhopalpatnam. The blue corundum (Sapphire

variety) was recovered from pits upper soil zone. The corundum is greyish blue to

blue in colour. It is translucent, columnar shape, having basal pinacoid, hexagonal

prism and characterised by oblique striations.

6. Yapla - (80o 27' 45" : 18


The corundum is recovered from Gorla nala section near village Yapla. The

corundum is yellowish and pink in colour. The country rock of the area is granite

gneisss.

GEOLOGICAL AND MINERAL MAP OF DISTRICT

DRAINAGE SYSTEM WITH DESCRIPTION OF MAIN RIVER

mineral resource department directorate of geology...

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