mineralogy, components, structures, sedimentary environments · 37 sedimentary environments...
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Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks
G421P13, summer semester, 2/1 hours, 3-4th year
2. Carbonates I. –mineralogy, components, structures, sedimentary
environments
Karel MartínekInstitute of Geology and Palaeontology
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mineralogycalcite (low Mg, high Mg), aragonite, dolomite
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componentsooids, pisoids, peloids, aggregates, intraclasts, bioclasts, algae, stromatolites, carbonate mud, Folk`s classification (1962)
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study of ultrastructures – to better identify particular bioclasts
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biomineralization
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structuresteepee, hardgrounds, birdseyes, palaeocarst, structural classification(Dunham 1962)
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sedimentary environmentsmicrofacies concept (Wilson 1975, Flügel 1972, 1982, 2004)
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continental - lacustrine, pedogenesis, calcretes
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marine - carbonate platforms: rimmed shelf (bioherms, carb. reefs), ramps
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intertidal - supratidal
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lagoonal carbonates
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intertidal – subtidalsand barscarb. shelf
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pelagic - CCD
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cyclicity
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24.5E) Eccentricity Cycle:
413 Kyr 123 Kyr 95 Kyr
O) Obliquity Cycle: 56 Kyr 41 Ky r
P) Precession Cycle: 23 Kyr 19 Ky r
MILANKOVITCH ORBITAL CYCLE S
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P
"400 Kyr "
"100 Kyr "
"40 Kyr "
"21 Kyr "
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E) Eccentricity Cycle:404 kyr124 kyr95 kyr
O) Obliquity Cycle:54 kyr41 kyr29 kyr
23 kyr19 kyr
P) Axial Precession Cycle:
Milankovitch Orbital Cyclicity
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interplay of Milankovitch cycles driven glacioeustacy and basin subsidence
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Reading:M.E.Tucker: Sedimentary petrology. 3rd ed. Blackwell, 2001(2003).M.E.Tucker&V.P.Wright: Carbonate Sedimentology. Blackwell, 1994.P.A.Scholle et al. (eds): Carbonate depositional environments. AAPG Memoir 33, 1983.Bathurst R.G.C. (1979): Carbonate sediments and their diagenesis. Developments in sedimentology 12, Elsevier, Amsterodam.