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Minerals and their Significance to a Human Body

MineralElements

Sources Significance Effects of deficiency.

Macro Elements

Calcium(Ca)# Milk, cereals,Cheese, GreenVegetables.

Required for formation of teeth andBones , blood clotting, function ofnerves and muscles

Weak theeth andbones ; retarded bodygrowth.

Phosphorus(P) Weak theeth andbones ; retarded bodygrowth andphysiology.

Sulphur(S) Many protiens offood.

Component of many amino acids. Distributed proteinmetabolism.

Pottassium(K) Meat, milk,cereals,fruits andvegetables.

Required for acid-base balance, waterregulation nad function of nerevs..

Low blood pressure,weak muscles; riskof paralysis..

Chlorine(Cl) Table salt Required for acid base balance;component of gastric juice.

Loss of appetite;muscles cramps

Magnesium(Mg) Cereals, greenvegetables.

Cofactor of many enzymes ofglycolysis anda number of anothermetabolic reactions dependent uponATP

Irregularties ofmetabolism principallyaffecting nervousfunctions.

Iron(Fe) Meat, eggs , cereals,green vegetables.

Component of haemoglobin andcytochromes.

Anaemia, weaknessand weak immunity.

Iodine(I) Milk, cheese, seafood, iodized salt

important component of thyroxinehormone

Goitre, Cretinism

Micro Elements

Fluorine(F) Drinking water, tea,sea food

Maintence of bones and teeth. Weak theeth, largeramount causesmotting of teeth.

Zinc(Zn) Cereals, Milk, eggs,meat, sea food

Cofactor of digestive and many otherenzymes

Retarded growth,anaemia, rough skin,weak immunity andfertility

Copper(Cu) Meat, dry fruits ,POds , Greenvegetables,sea food

Cofactor of cytochrome oxidaseenzyme.Necessary for iron metabolismand development of blood vessels andconnective tissues

Anaemia,weak bloodvessels and connectivetissues

Manganese(MN) Dry fruits,cereals,tea fruitsand greenvegetables

Cofactor of some enzymes of ureasynthesis and transfer of phosphategroup

Irregular growth ofbones, cartilages andconnective tissues

Cobalt(Co) MIlk, cheese, meat Important component ofvitamin B12 Anaemia

Selenium(SE) Meat, cereals, seafood

Cofactor of many enzymes; assistsvitamin E

Muscular pain;weakness of cardiacmuscles

Chromium(CR) Yeast, sea food,meat, some

Important for catabolic metabolism Irregularities ofcatabolic meatbolism

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vegetables and ATP production

Molybdenum(MO) Cereals, pods, somevegetables

Cofactor of some enzymes Irregular excreation ofnitrogenous wasteproducts

Vitamin Chemical Name Properties Deficiency disease

A Retinol General health giving vitamin, can bestored liver

Night blindness

B1 Thiamine For Growth, carbohydrate metabolism,functioning of heart

Beri-Beri

B2 Riboflavin For Keeping skin and mouth healthy Cheilosis

B5 Niacin For healthy skin, sound mental health Pellagra

B6 Pyridoxine Processing of proteins and for nervoussystem

Convulsions in child

B12 Cynacobalamin Required for formation and maturationof RBCs

Pernicious anaemia

C Ascorbic Acid For keeping teeth , gums and jointshealthy .Gets destroyed on heating

Scurvy

D Calciferol For normal bones and teeth, can bestored in liver

Rickets

E Tocopherol For normal reproduction , removesscars and wrincles

Sterility

K Phylloquinone For normal clotting of blood Haemophilia