minerals. learning target i can use a table of physical properties to classify minerals
TRANSCRIPT
MineralsMinerals
Learning TargetLearning Target
• I can use a table of physical properties to classify minerals.
MineralsMinerals
• A mineral is non-living (inorganic)
• A mineral is naturally occurring, not man made
• A mineral is solid
• A mineral has crystal structure
A good example of a mineral is table salt.
Properties to Identify MineralsProperties to Identify Minerals
• Color– the same mineral can have many different colors; least reliable way to identify a mineral
• Luster– what the surface looks like in the light-greasy, oily, waxy, metallic
• Streak-the color of a mineral in powdered form; rub mineral on a piece of unglazed porcelain or streak plate
• Density– how heavy it feels, specific gravity
• Cleavage and Fracture– pattern when mineral is broken; cleavage breaks into thin sheets or cubes, fracture are curved or conchoidal (shell-shaped)
• Hardness – what it can scratch & what scratches it (Mohs Hardness Scale)
• Transparency - The ability to transmit light. Depending on a number of things, rocks & minerals can also transmit light. Many rocks that are opaque when in a chunk, are translucent when cut into very thin slices.
• Special Properties– magnetism, chatoyancy (iridescent), fluorescence, odor, fizz test, burn test, conductivity
Mohs Hardness ScaleMohs Hardness Scale
Hardness Mineral
1 Talc
2 Gypsum
3 Calcite
4 Fluorite
5 Apatite
6 Orthoclase
7 Quartz
8 Topaz
9 Corundum
10 Diamond
A mineral’s resistance to being scratched is its hardness. The harder a mineral is to scratch, the higher its rating on the Mohs scale. Talc is the softest with a rating of 1. Diamond is the hardest mineral with a rating of 10. Your fingernail has the hardness of about a 2. If these reference minerals are not available, use your fingernail, a penny, a piece of glass, and a steel file.
DO NOWDO NOW
• 1. Which mineral characteristic is tested by rubbing the mineral on a porcelain tile or plate?• 2. Which mineral characteristic is
tested by scratching the mineral across other minerals or across items such as a nail, penny or glass?• 3. How do you determine a mineral’s
cleavage?
Rock CycleRock Cycle
Learning TargetsLearning Targets
• I can label a diagram that depicts the three different types of rocks.
• I can differentiate and label a diagram that depicts the major processes of the rock cycle.
Rock CycleRock Cycle
Processes on Earth’s surface that affect the types of rocks
• Weathering-water, wind, ice, and heat break down rocks into small fragments
• Erosion-water, wind, ice, or gravity move sediment over Earth’s surface
• Deposition-when sediment stops moving
• Pressure-weight of sediment squeezed by layers above it
• Heat-rock gets hot enough to melt-magma
Rock CycleRock Cycle
Rock Cycle• Continuou
s changing of rocks from one kind to another
• Takes long periods of time.
Rock CycleRock Cycle
Igneous Rocks-
formed when magma or lava hardens.
Magma-molten rock deep within the Earth
Examples of Igneous RocksExamples of Igneous Rocks
The type of Igneous Rock depends on how fast the magma cooled.
Slowly Cooled= Large crystals.Example-Granite
Rapid Cooled= Small crystalsExample-Obsidian
Rock CycleRock Cycle
Sedimentary Rocks -formed when layers of sediment harden.
Two ways to harden:• Pressure from
weight• Heat cement
minerals together.Found where rivers
meet oceans and sediments are dumped
Rock CycleRock Cycle
Sedimentary Rocks
Example-shale made from mud and rocks.
Sandstone made from sand.
Rock CycleRock Cycle
• Sedimentary Rocks
Conglomerate- made from sand, pebbles and rocks
Rock CycleRock Cycle
• Sedimentary Rocks
Limestone- made from shells of dead sea animals
Rock CycleRock Cycle
Metamorphic Rocks
• Rocks changed into new rocks due to high heat and great pressure.
• Found deep in Earth.
Rock CycleRock Cycle
• Metamorphic Rocks
Examples Quartzite- forms from
sandstone
Rock CycleRock Cycle
• Metamorphic Rocks
ExampleMarble- forms from limestone
Rock CycleRock Cycle
• Metamorphic Rocks
ExampleSlate- forms from shale
The Rock CycleThe Rock Cycle
• Use what you have learned to create a rock cycle diagram. Include: Where and how each type of rock is
found Mountain River Ocean Volcano 2 upper layers of the earth’s interior
Rock Cycle DiagramsRock Cycle Diagrams
Rock Cycle DiagramsRock Cycle Diagrams
Interactive WebsitesInteractive Websites
Assessment: Rock CycleAssessment: Rock Cycle
• When rock fragments are compacted and cemented, what type of rocks do they become?
Assessment: Rock CycleAssessment: Rock Cycle
• When metamorphic rocks are melted what do they become?
Assessment: Rock CycleAssessment: Rock Cycle
• When magma cools and hardens, what type of rocks are formed?
Assessment: Rock CycleAssessment: Rock Cycle
• When sedimentary rocks are really heated up and pressure is applied, what do they become?
Assessment: Rock CycleAssessment: Rock Cycle
• When igneous rocks are weathered and eroded, what do they become?
Assessment: Rock CycleAssessment: Rock Cycle
• The gemstone opal is a sedimentary rock that consists of microscopic balls of silica cemented together by water. Explain how an opalized clam shell may have formed.