MineralsMinerals

Minerals are pure Minerals are pure substances.substances.

Hematite

……with definite atomic structures.with definite atomic structures.

Diamond andGraphite are bothmade out of the element CARBON (C).

Minerals are…Minerals are…

Solid substancesSolid substances Crystal structureCrystal structure From natureFrom nature InInorganicorganic (NOT from living thing) (NOT from living thing)

Rocks are a mixture of Rocks are a mixture of minerals and other minerals and other substances.substances.

This cookieThis cookie

represents a rock.represents a rock.

• The nuts andThe nuts and

chocolate chips chocolate chips

would representwould represent

the minerals.the minerals.

Minerals can have more Minerals can have more than one element.than one element.

Sulfur (S)

Halite Sodium (Na) andChlorine (Cl)

When two or more elements are bonded together, it is called a COMPOUND.

Types of mineralsTypes of minerals

There are two major types of mineralsThere are two major types of minerals Silicate minerals containSilicate minerals contain a combination a combination

of of silicon and oxygensilicon and oxygen.. 90% of the Earth’s crust are silicate minerals90% of the Earth’s crust are silicate minerals An example is An example is quartzquartz..

NonsilicateNonsilicate minerals minerals do notdo not have a have a combination of silicon and oxygen.combination of silicon and oxygen. Examples include Examples include ironiron and sulfur and sulfur..

Crystalline structure is the Crystalline structure is the geometric pattern of atoms.geometric pattern of atoms.

quartz

Atomic arrangement

hexagonal

There are 8 main crystal There are 8 main crystal shapes.shapes.

1. Isometric1. Isometric2. Tetragonal2. Tetragonal3. Orthorhombic3. Orthorhombic4. Orthorhombic4. Orthorhombic5. Orthorhombic5. Orthorhombic6. Monoclinic6. Monoclinic7. Triclinic7. Triclinic8. Hexagonal8. Hexagonal

Minerals are identified by Minerals are identified by their properties, such their properties, such as…as… ColorColor LusterLuster HardnessHardness StreakStreak Cleavage Cleavage FractureFracture Density Density Other (florescence, magnetism…)Other (florescence, magnetism…)

Copper (Cu)

Colors are a clue, but Colors are a clue, but colors can be misleading.colors can be misleading.

Luster is the way it Luster is the way it reflects light.reflects light.

Hardness is the Hardness is the resistance to scratching.resistance to scratching.

Streak is the color of the Streak is the color of the powder (mark) left on a powder (mark) left on a streak plate.streak plate.

Cleavage. A mineral has Cleavage. A mineral has cleavage if it cleavage if it breaks along a flat surface. breaks along a flat surface.

Some minerals fracture - Some minerals fracture - no regular pattern of breaking.no regular pattern of breaking. (like a fractured bone)(like a fractured bone)

quartz

Density – how much matter Density – how much matter (mass) in the amount of (mass) in the amount of volume (space).volume (space).

The bones below have the same volume The bones below have the same volume but different densities.but different densities.

Fluorescence is the Fluorescence is the ability to glow in the ability to glow in the dark.dark.

There are other There are other characteristics, too.characteristics, too.

Magnetism

Radioactivity

magnetitecuprosklodowskite

What makes minerals What makes minerals gemsgems??

Gems are rare and expensive.Gems are rare and expensive.

What makes them What makes them oresores?? Minerals are “ores” when there Minerals are “ores” when there

is enough to make it worth is enough to make it worth mining.mining.

Iron Ore

Mineral UsesMineral Uses

,                                              

Anything not grown has been mined…

In your TV…In your TV…

Minerals in Your TelevisionMinerals in Your Television Chromite: plating Chromite: plating Wolframite: monitor Wolframite: monitor Copper: wiring Copper: wiring Quartz: electronics Quartz: electronics Silver Silver

Beware. Mines are Beware. Mines are dangerous places!dangerous places!