minerals, rocks, weathering, sequencing & energy
DESCRIPTION
Minerals, rocks, weathering, sequencing & energy. Std. 3. Minerals. Must have the following 5 characteristics: Naturally occurring Inorganic Solid Crystal structure Definite chemical composition. Identifying Minerals (physical properties). Color Streak Luster Density Hardness - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Minerals, rocks, weathering,
sequencing & energy
Std. 3
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Minerals• Must have the following 5
characteristics: – Naturally occurring– Inorganic – Solid– Crystal structure– Definite chemical composition
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Identifying Minerals (physical properties)
• Color• Streak• Luster• Density• Hardness• Special Properties
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Rock Cycle• Draw
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igneous• Extrusive:– Surface– Cooled rapidly– Small crystals– Glassy
• Intrusive– Inside earth– Cooled slowly– Larger crystal
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sedimentary• Clastic– Rock fragments– Conglomerate &
sandstone• Organic– Remains of plants &
animals– Coal & limestone
• Chemical– Minerals dissolved in
solution crystalize– Limestone, halite (rock
salt
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metamorphic• Foliated– Grains in parallel
bands– Gneiss, slate
• Nonfoliated– No bands– Grains random
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Weathering, erosion, deposition• Weathering– break rock down
• Erosion–move it
• Deposition– lay down sediment
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EROSION• Water• Moves the most sediment
• Glaciers• U-shaped valley, till, moraines, kettle
lakes• Wind• Sand dunes
• Gravity• Move sediment downhill
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• How fossils form– Death, soft parts decay, hard parts left
(teeth, bones)– Sediment covers organism– Sediment becomes rock, preserving parts of
organism
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Types of fossils• Mold• Cast• Petrified– Cells replaced by minerals or sediment– Bones, petrified wood
• Carbon films• Trace fossil• Original/preserved remains– Ice, tar, amber
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Fossils & the past• Where do fossils form?–Most: Organisms that once lived in or near
shallow water – Sedimentary rock
• Tell us about past environments– Shallow bay, ocean bottom, freshwater
swamp
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Relative Age• Age comparison (older vs. younger)• Law of Superposition– Oldest layers at the bottom, youngest at
the top
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Determining Relative Age• Extrusion, Intrusion, Fault,
Unconformity, Index fossil
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- The Relative Age of Rocks
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Energy transfer• Volcanoes– Heat and mechanical energy as magma
flows• Earthquakes– Energy transferred in seismic waves–Mechanical slipping of fault