ming foreign policy

HOLTHOLT

World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1

Ming Foreign PolicyMing Foreign PolicyAttitudes toward trade – wanted to be self-Attitudes toward trade – wanted to be self-

sufficient; refused to rely on foreign tradesufficient; refused to rely on foreign tradeThe northern frontier – strengthened Great WallThe northern frontier – strengthened Great Wall

of China; chose frontier defense over trade and of China; chose frontier defense over trade and sea travelsea travel

Section 1: Section 1:

The Ming and Qing DynastiesThe Ming and Qing DynastiesThe Ming and Qing DynastiesThe Ming and Qing Dynasties

HOLTHOLT



Founding the Qing DynastyFounding the Qing DynastyNurhachi unified tribes into ManchuNurhachi unified tribes into ManchuAdopted Chinese cultureAdopted Chinese cultureKept Manchu people separate and distinct Kept Manchu people separate and distinct

from Chinesefrom Chinese



HOLTHOLT



Economy, Culture, and SocietyEconomy, Culture, and SocietyEconomy – trade and manufacturing Economy – trade and manufacturing

specialization grewspecialization grewPopular culture and society – novels and plays in Popular culture and society – novels and plays in

everyday language; family was center of societyeveryday language; family was center of society



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Decline of the Qing DynastyDecline of the Qing DynastyPopulation growthPopulation growthGovernment inefficiency and increases in taxesGovernment inefficiency and increases in taxesWhite Lotus RebellionWhite Lotus Rebellion



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The PortugueseThe PortugueseTrade ties with ChinaTrade ties with ChinaJesuit missionaries helped emperors revise Jesuit missionaries helped emperors revise

calendar, gained great power with imperial courtcalendar, gained great power with imperial courtQing rulers became suspicious, fearful of Jesuits’ Qing rulers became suspicious, fearful of Jesuits’

intentionsintentions


China and EuropeansChina and EuropeansChina and EuropeansChina and Europeans

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The BritishThe British Free trade ideas – Great Britain abolished British East Free trade ideas – Great Britain abolished British East

India Company’s monopoly on trade with ChinaIndia Company’s monopoly on trade with China The opium trade – Chinese demand for cotton didn’t The opium trade – Chinese demand for cotton didn’t

match British demand for tea; British India exported match British demand for tea; British India exported opium to China, which caused trade imbalanceopium to China, which caused trade imbalance

The Opium War – Chinese tried to forcibly stop opium The Opium War – Chinese tried to forcibly stop opium trade; Hong Kong went to British ruletrade; Hong Kong went to British rule

More concessions – unequal treaties with France and More concessions – unequal treaties with France and United States, foreign embassies in BeijingUnited States, foreign embassies in Beijing



HOLTHOLT



RebellionsRebellionsTaiping Rebellion – caused terrible destructionTaiping Rebellion – caused terrible destructionChristian and Muslim teachings motivated Christian and Muslim teachings motivated

more revoltsmore revolts



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Founding the Tokugawa ShogunateFounding the Tokugawa ShogunateOda Nobunaga – conquests and alliancesOda Nobunaga – conquests and alliancesToyotomi Hideyoshi – sword hunts kept peasants Toyotomi Hideyoshi – sword hunts kept peasants

from becoming warriorsfrom becoming warriorsTokugawa Ieyasa – crushed rivalsTokugawa Ieyasa – crushed rivalsTokugawa rule – combination of feudalism and Tokugawa rule – combination of feudalism and

central monarchycentral monarchy


The Tokugawa Shoguns in JapanThe Tokugawa Shoguns in JapanThe Tokugawa Shoguns in JapanThe Tokugawa Shoguns in Japan

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Foreign ContactForeign ContactThe Portuguese in Japan – Christian missionaries, The Portuguese in Japan – Christian missionaries,

JesuitsJesuitsClosing the country – saw Christianity and Western Closing the country – saw Christianity and Western

technology as threats to Tokugawa rule and to technology as threats to Tokugawa rule and to Japanese traditions and valuesJapanese traditions and values



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Life in Takugawa JapanLife in Takugawa JapanSocial classes – Confucian ideal; class was Social classes – Confucian ideal; class was

determined by birthdetermined by birthChange and culture – internal trade expanded, Change and culture – internal trade expanded,

artisans and merchants prospered, new forms of artisans and merchants prospered, new forms of art, literature, theaterart, literature, theater



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The End of Japan’s IsolationThe End of Japan’s IsolationMatthew PerryMatthew PerryTreaty of Kanagawa – similar treaties with Great Treaty of Kanagawa – similar treaties with Great

Britain, Netherlands, RussiaBritain, Netherlands, Russia



ming foreign policy

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