ming & qing dynasties
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Ming & Qing Dynasties. Ming Dynasty 1368-1644. Ming Dynasty 1368-1644. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Ming & Qing Dynasties
Ming Dynasty 1368-1644
Ming Dynasty 1368-1644• The end of the Yuan saw a rapid inflation,
corruption of the Tibetan clergy who controlled the Chinese clergy and interfered in political affairs, and rebellions of the exploited Chinese population against Mongol and other foreign officials.
• One of the rebellions attracted the poor monk Zhu Yuanzhang (1328-1398) who later became the head of a rebel army and successfully fought against the Mongols as well as other contenders for power. He founded the Ming dynasty and became known as Emperor Hongwu.
Ming Dynasty 1368-1644
Founded by a peasant, Zhu Yuanzhang (1328-1398)aka Emperor Hongwu
Hongwu• Led revolt against the
Yuan Dynasty• Paranoid by end of rule• Creates laws to improve
peasant lives• Didn’t encourage trade• Strict Confucian• Increases status of
military/ strengthens the military
• Centralizes government- eliminates high officials and replaces with mandarins and eunuchs
Yonglo (The Yongle Emperor): Hongwu’s son
• Moves the capital to Beijing
• Launches exploration• 7 voyages under Zheng
He, Muslim Admiral• 1st in 1405• Voyages end due to
influence of officials worried about barbarians to the north and cost
• 1433 China withdrawals into isolation
Late Ming
• Jesuits- Matteo Ricci - 1500’s
• Tries to convert Emperor Wanli
• Pope and Emperor hinder efforts
Rise of Qing• Qing- pure• Qing were Manchus,
not Han Chinese• 17th century
expansion
Rise of Qing• 1644- control
Beijing• 1644-90- South
China and Taiwan• 1690-1750-
Central Asia- largest country in the world
Qing Political Organization• Separation of Manchu and
Han• All high government
positions to the Manchus• No intermarriage is
allowed• Han had to adopt the
Manchu haircut as a sign of submission. “Queue” front and top shaved and grown long in back
• Han scholar gentry still in bureaucracy
• Civil Service Exams become more competitive
Qing Political Organization• Very
Centralized Government
• Emperor becomes known as “Son of Heaven”
• Secluded life• “Theater
State”- ritual, pomp, emphasizes glory of ruler
Two Important Qing Emperors• Kangxi (1661-1722)-
talented general, expands empire, manages economy well
• Qianlong (1736-1795)- ECONOMY!!! Cancels tax collection four times during his rule
• China is well organized with an influence in most of Asia after these two emperors
Economy Under the Qing• Based on agriculture• Intensive, high yield methods• Rice, Millet, Wheat• Enhanced by American crops
by way of the Philippines- Maize, Sweet Potatoes, Peanuts
• Made use of previously unusable land
• Leads to population growth• Supports a large labor force
and trade• Trade Chinese luxury goods for
American Silver• Silk, Porcelain, Tea• Focus on human labor for
production• Ignores technology in
preference for human labor
Social Aspects of the Qing Dynasty• Increase in
patriarchy during Qing
• Preference for male children- exam system
• Widows encouraged to commit suicide
• Foot binding becomes more popular
• Women can not divorce, but men can for adultery or disobedience
FootBinding
Foot Binding