ming & qing dynasties

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Ming & Qing Dynasties

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Ming & Qing Dynasties. Ming Dynasty 1368-1644. Ming Dynasty 1368-1644. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Ming & Qing Dynasties

Ming & Qing Dynasties

Page 2: Ming & Qing Dynasties

Ming Dynasty 1368-1644

Page 3: Ming & Qing Dynasties

Ming Dynasty 1368-1644• The end of the Yuan saw a rapid inflation,

corruption of the Tibetan clergy who controlled the Chinese clergy and interfered in political affairs, and rebellions of the exploited Chinese population against Mongol and other foreign officials.

• One of the rebellions attracted the poor monk Zhu Yuanzhang (1328-1398) who later became the head of a rebel army and successfully fought against the Mongols as well as other contenders for power. He founded the Ming dynasty and became known as Emperor Hongwu.

Page 4: Ming & Qing Dynasties

Ming Dynasty 1368-1644

Founded by a peasant, Zhu Yuanzhang (1328-1398)aka Emperor Hongwu

Page 5: Ming & Qing Dynasties

Hongwu• Led revolt against the

Yuan Dynasty• Paranoid by end of rule• Creates laws to improve

peasant lives• Didn’t encourage trade• Strict Confucian• Increases status of

military/ strengthens the military

• Centralizes government- eliminates high officials and replaces with mandarins and eunuchs

Page 6: Ming & Qing Dynasties

Yonglo (The Yongle Emperor): Hongwu’s son

• Moves the capital to Beijing

• Launches exploration• 7 voyages under Zheng

He, Muslim Admiral• 1st in 1405• Voyages end due to

influence of officials worried about barbarians to the north and cost

• 1433 China withdrawals into isolation

Page 7: Ming & Qing Dynasties
Page 8: Ming & Qing Dynasties

Late Ming

• Jesuits- Matteo Ricci - 1500’s

• Tries to convert Emperor Wanli

• Pope and Emperor hinder efforts

Page 9: Ming & Qing Dynasties

Rise of Qing• Qing- pure• Qing were Manchus,

not Han Chinese• 17th century

expansion

Page 10: Ming & Qing Dynasties

Rise of Qing• 1644- control

Beijing• 1644-90- South

China and Taiwan• 1690-1750-

Central Asia- largest country in the world

Page 11: Ming & Qing Dynasties
Page 12: Ming & Qing Dynasties

Qing Political Organization• Separation of Manchu and

Han• All high government

positions to the Manchus• No intermarriage is

allowed• Han had to adopt the

Manchu haircut as a sign of submission. “Queue” front and top shaved and grown long in back

• Han scholar gentry still in bureaucracy

• Civil Service Exams become more competitive

Page 13: Ming & Qing Dynasties

Qing Political Organization• Very

Centralized Government

• Emperor becomes known as “Son of Heaven”

• Secluded life• “Theater

State”- ritual, pomp, emphasizes glory of ruler

Page 14: Ming & Qing Dynasties

Two Important Qing Emperors• Kangxi (1661-1722)-

talented general, expands empire, manages economy well

• Qianlong (1736-1795)- ECONOMY!!! Cancels tax collection four times during his rule

• China is well organized with an influence in most of Asia after these two emperors

Page 15: Ming & Qing Dynasties

Economy Under the Qing• Based on agriculture• Intensive, high yield methods• Rice, Millet, Wheat• Enhanced by American crops

by way of the Philippines- Maize, Sweet Potatoes, Peanuts

• Made use of previously unusable land

• Leads to population growth• Supports a large labor force

and trade• Trade Chinese luxury goods for

American Silver• Silk, Porcelain, Tea• Focus on human labor for

production• Ignores technology in

preference for human labor

Page 16: Ming & Qing Dynasties

Social Aspects of the Qing Dynasty• Increase in

patriarchy during Qing

• Preference for male children- exam system

• Widows encouraged to commit suicide

• Foot binding becomes more popular

• Women can not divorce, but men can for adultery or disobedience

Page 17: Ming & Qing Dynasties

FootBinding

Page 18: Ming & Qing Dynasties

Foot Binding