ministry of education junior prinary phase: syllabus …€¦ · first language syllabus grades 1-3...

FIRST LANGUAGE SYLLABUS

GRADES 1-3

OSHIKWANYAMA

Republic of Namibia

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

JUNIOR PRINARY PHASE: SYLLABUS

FOR IMPLEMENTATION: 2015

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NIED omufindahongo welaka lotete weendodo dopedu 2014

Ministry of Education National Institute for Educational Development (NIED) Private Bag 2034 Okahandja Namibia © Copyright NIED, Ministry of Education, 2014 Section 1 (JP Syllabus: First Language - Oshikwanyama) ISBN: 978-99945-2-052-7 Printed by NIED Website: http://www.nied.edu.na Publication date: 2014

http://www.nied.edu.na/

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Table of contents 1. Etwalemo .................................................................................................................................. 4

2. Omakanghameno .................................................................................................................... 4

3. Omalalakano ............................................................................................................................ 4

4. Ehovakanifohongo (mwa kwatelwa naavo ve na ounyengwi melihongo) ...................... 4

5. Okukwatafana noilongwa ikwao noitavakani/noikambakani ............................................. 5

6. Omukalo wokuhonga nokulihonga ........................................................................................ 6

7. Omapyokoko okexulilo londodo ............................................................................................ 9

8. Oshikalimo shelihongo.......................................................................................................... 30

9. Etaloshiivo .............................................................................................................................. 74

10.1 Oishonekwa yetaloshiivo ...................................................................................................... 74

10.2 Omaludi/ /omaludi etaloshiivo.............................................................................................. 74

10.3 Omafatululo oitwa (eendodo) .............................................................................................. 75

10.4 Omifindalandu domoule detaloshiivo (tali) la twikilafana ................................................. 76

10.4.1 Etaloshiivo tali twikile ina li sheywa /longekidwa .............................................................. 76

11 Omusholondodo woitya tai hangwa momufindahongo wOshikwanyama nomafatululo

ayo ........................................................................................................................................... 78

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1. Etwalemo

Omufindahongo ou otau hokolola osho sha halikila melihongo netaloshiivo lElaka lOtete

(mOshikwanyama) meendodo 1-3 (mehongo lopedu). Elaka lOtete (Oshikwanyama)

ongoshilongwa, otali li-hongwa moshitukulwa shelihongo shomufindalandu eshi tashi

lalakanene eshiivo lelaka, ‘okulesha nokushanga’, ashike elihongo eli lelaka ola

kwatakanifwa noihongwa ikwao, momukalo wokutavakana omufindalandu.

Oilalakanenwa, omalalakano elihongo nomapyokoko oo a andjanekwa pokati koilongwa oyo

imwe yomeemhumbwe dehongo momufindalandu aushe. meenghalo da fimana, oshilongwa

eshi osha pumbwa eetundi doshilongwa di li 10 (meendodo 1-2) neetundi di li 9 (mondodo 3)

moshivike.

2. Omakanghameno

Momido nhatu dehovelo lofikola, ovahongwa nava hongwe oilongwa aishe melaka looina,

momhito ei, Oshikwanyama. Oshishonekwa ngeenge taku hongwa mOshikwanyama

meendodo dopedu, okukwashilipaleka kutya ovahongwa aveshe otava likola ounongo ou

tau dutu/tungu omukangha wa kola mokulesha nokushanga, okupopya, neudeko

mokulihonga omalityo moihongwa i lili naku lili. Aishe ei oya fimana melihongo lomonakwiiwa

yomuhongwa shaashi oilongwa yokeendodo dopombada ohai lihongwa mOshiingilisha.

Omaukwatya Elaka lOtete (Oshikwanyama) oo eewino/omaunongo e li ane: okupwilikina

nokunyamukula, okupopya nokukwatafana, okunongonona nokulesha, nokushanga.

Elongifo lounongo omutitano womutungilo welaka, eemhango nelongifo lelaka, ola

hovakanifwa momaunongo ane elaka a tumbulwa metetekelo, nelalakano lokuxumifa

komesho omahalo ovahongwa va longife mondjila elaka lOshikwanyama. Pamhito ei otaku

tuwa omufindo ovahongwa ve lihonge elaka lopamakwatafano, ngaashi okulesha neudeko,

nokushanga oishangomwa yopambelewa, naayo tava eta po voo vene.

3. Omalalakano

Omalalakano Elaka lOtete (Oshikwanyama) oo:

Ovahongwa va dule okukwatafana nawa pakupopya, pakulesha nopakushanga mOshikwanyama

Ovahongwa va dule okupopya nokuulika omadiladilondunge, eshiivo neenghalonghedi osho shi li efimano mexumokomesho lavo/lopaumwene.

Ovahongwa va xume komesho nawa melaka lOshikwanyama opo va dule oku li longifa nawa momalihongo avo nomeenghalamwenyo davo.

4. Ehovakanifohongo (mwa kwatelwa naavo ve na ounyengwi melihongo)

Ehovakanifohongo olo oufemba womuhongwa keshe nohali yambula po ekufombinga

mehongo, ile okumona omhito momilandu dihapu dehongo da adjakana nomomayakulo oo

haa yandjiwa mehongo lomeefikola daavo vehe na omaupyakadi. Ola tungilwa komilandu

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dokuyambidida nokutambula ko oulili/omayooloko haua hangika mokati kovahongwa

AVESHE nokukufa po oingabeki AISHE yelihongo.

Ehongo lopetameko otali longekida oshiwana/omudingonoko, ngaashi shi li sha teelelwa

mondjodifaneko yaNamibia yomudo wo 2030, dmokuyambulula po ehovakanifohongo.

Ovahongwa tava mono oiimbi/omashongo nosho yo eemhumbwe dimwe melihongo lavo,

navo otava ka tulwa meefikola daaveshe, neemhumbwe davo otadi ka ungaungwa nado

tashi pitile mokulongifa oikwafifohongo tai wapalele/ngaashi tashi pumbiwa. Ovahongwa ava

ve na omaunghundi manene no itava dulu okulikola/sha meefikola daaveshe, otava ka

kwafelwa she likolelela keemhumbwe davo meengudu deyambididohongo, ongudu ile

eefikola de likalekelwa fiyo efimbo olo tava dulu okuya meefikola daaveshe apa tashi dulika.

Omufindalandu, omikalohongo noikwafifohongo oya longekidilwa owina okuwapalela

ovahongwa vomoiputudilohongo ei.

Omukalo wehongo lomuhongwa ta dana onghandangala mehongo (LCE) otau wapalele

neenghono ovahongwa ovo ve na omaunyengwii mokulihonga, shaashi ohali diinine

kwaashi ovahongwa ve shi nale noku va kwafela va likole / va mone eshiivo nounongo

mupe. Omutungilo womufindalandu wehovakanifohongo owa tofa mo omapyokoko

ovahongwa ve na omaunyengwi mokulihonga, oo va pumbwa okupya/okupyokoka muo.

Omafanekondunge eyambididohongo loohandimwe oku na okulongekidwa opo a kwafele

etalongushu momukokomoko welihongo loohandimwe ovo va pumbwa eyambididohongo.

Omilandu da wedwa po dokulongekida okulonga nokulihonga meengulu dehovakanifohongo

otadi (dulu oku) hangika momutungilo womufindahongo wehongo la hovakanifwa (2012).

Omilandu edi otadi ka kwafa ovahongwa AVESHE va mone eshiivo, ounongo neenghedi

oku va kwafela va findane mounyuni wonena wa kitakana, womalunduluko,

womaunongononi, womakwatafano nomauyelele mahapu.

Ehongo leendodo dopedu otali yandje eemhito di fike pamwe kovalumenhu novakainhu

notashi etifa opo ovahongwa va dule okukufa ombinga moinyangadalwa shi fike pamwe.

Ovahongi nava shiive nokuuda ko nhumbi ve na okuyakula ovahongwa shi fike pamwe,

noikwafifohongo aishe tai longifwa nai kale tai yambidida oipambele youkakwashike-ko-

okanhu pauyuuki.

Luhapu meendodo dopehovelo oukadona ohava kala ve na owino welaka ve dule ovamati.

Ovalumenhu novakainhu ove na omikalo da yooloka dokulongifa elaka. Omayooloko aa otaa

dulu okulongifwa onga eedjo, nge ovamati noukadona tava tulwa pamwe moungudu

moileshwa yelaka. Eenghalo dopamufyuululwakalo, ngaashi oukwatya womunhu, omaliudo,

omahoololoa, nomakuyunguto ohaa kundafanwa luhapu moileswa yelaka. Eitavelo nhumbi

ovalumenhu novakainhu va yooloka pamadiladilo, otali dulu okulongifwa li yambapaleke

eenghundafana domongulu yofikola.

5. Okukwatafana noilongwa ikwao noitavakani/noikambakani

Oikambakani melihongo oya kwatela mo elihongo lomudingonokohongo, oHIV noAIDS, ehongo lomuvalu wovakwashiwana, ehongo loufemba womunhu noudemokoli, omauyelele

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nomakwatafano pautekenika, neameno lomeendjila. Aishe ei oya etwa momufindalandu, shaashi keshe shimwe shomuyo, otashi ungaunga nomaupyakadi, omashongo nomalunduluko moshiwana shaNamibia. Ovahongwa vetu aveshe ova pumbwa oku:

uda ko onghalo yomaupyakadi nomashongo aa

uda ko nhumbi omaupyakadi nomashongo aa taa kumu oshiwana

uda ko nhumbi omaupyakadi nomashongo aa taa dulu okupalamenwa moitukulwa yavo

Omaupyakadi nomashongo a didilikwa oo aa:

Efiloshisho nekwato-nawa leedjo detu dopashitwe

Oilanduli ya etwa koHIV noAIDS

Omikundu dopaukali-nawa tadi etwa kekakeko lewangadjo, komikalo dii dokuungaunga noundjuwo noyeekelwashi

Omakuyunguto opa ghalafano a etifwa kokuhe na oufikepamwe mokupangela oko haku li-dimbike oufemba noinakuwanifwa

Eduliko keemhango deameno lomeendjila la nghundipala

Omaupyakadi oo twa taalela mounyuni Oilongwa imwe otai wapalele okukwatela mo oikambakani. Momufindahongo omu omu na oihopaenenwa ihapu yomakwatafano noikambakani, ndele oshihopaenenwa ashike shimwe moshikambakani keshe sha yandjwa apa.

Elihogo

lomudingono-

kohongo

Ehongo loHIV

noAIDS

Ehongo

loma-valulo

opashiwana

Oufemba

womunhu

noudemokoli

Eshiivo

lokulongifa

omauyelele

nomakwata-fano

opautekenika

Eameno

lomeendjila

Ondodo 1

Oinamwenyo:

Shanga

ehokololo

kombinga

yokatekulwa-

namwenyo

koye

kokambwa

Ondodo 2

Okupopya

nokukwatafa-

na: Kundafan-

eni nhumbi

hatu file

oshisho ovo

tava yehama

Ondodo 3

Okushanga:

Shanga

ehokololo

kombinga

yovakwane-

dimo

Ondodo 1

Okupwilikina

nokunyamu-

kula: pwilikina

komuhongwa ta

popi momalaka

a yooloka

Ondodo 2

Longifa oindaneta

u konge

omauyelele

Ondodo 3

Okunongonona

nokulesha:

Lesha eemha-

ngo

domeendjila

dovalondi

voumbashikela

6. Omukalo wokuhonga nokulihonga

Omukalo wokuhonga nokulihonga owa kanghamena kehongo lomuhongwa oye ta dana

onghandangala ngaashi sha fatululwa pamilandu dOuministeli nomomifindalandu dehongo

lomulongwa oye ta dana onghandangala. Omukalo ou otau etifa ehongo nelihongo longushu

ngeenge omilandu edi tadi tulwa moilonga. Sha wedwa po, omukalo wehovakanifo oo

oshishonekwa mokuhonga nomokulihonga mehongo leendodo dopedu.

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Elalalakano olo okuxumifa komesho elihongo neudeko, eshiivo, owino nomikalo tadi kwafele

mexumifo komesho loshiwana. Ehongo nelihongo nali hovelele kounongo nokonghalafano

oyo omuhongwa keshe e limonena meumbo, kovakwanedimo vaye, momudingonoko,

nomekwatafano laye nomomudingonoko. Ehongo mofikola na-li kwatele mo, na-li tungile ko,

na-li wede ko nokutula koshiyelekifo osho omuhogwa e shii nale.

Ovahongwa ohave lihongo nawa nendjangumuko ngeenge tava kufa ombinga

moinyangadalwa nomokweeta po sha. Omuhongwa keshe oku li lile, e na eemhumbwe

dopaumwene, nomikalo daye dokulihonga, e na eshiivo laye naashi ta dulu okupondola.

Omuhongi na kale ta dulu okuyandja ekwafo tali wapalele eemhumbwe dovahongwa aveshe

nokuyukifa elihongo lovahongwa ngaashi tashi wapalele. Eenghatu nomikalo dokuhonga

odi na ku kala da yooloka, ashike nadi kale tadi dulu okulundululwa nokuwapalela

moileshwa.

Nonando omaunongo elaka momufindahongo ou okwa tukulwa/topolwa, ovahongi nava ude

ko kutya omaunongo a tya ngaha oku na okulongwa a hovakanifwa. Omuhongi na tokole,

she likwatelela koilalakanenwa yelihongo nokomapyokoko taa hangikwa, kutya onaini sha

wapala okuhonga nawa-nawa oshikalimo shOmudingonokohongo; onaini sha wapala oku

efa ovahongwa ve li kongele omauyelele voo vene; onaini va pumbwa okuhongwa

komuhongi; onaini va pumbwa ekwafo nefindilomo; nonaini va pumbwa omawedelepo

mokulimonena ounongo nomauyelele oo va pumbwa okulandulwa; ile onaini ovahongwa

tava tuwa omukumo va longe kuvo vene oileshwa yavo.

Okuhonga ovahongwa moungudu, momapando, koumwe nooumwe, ile mongudu aishe

motundi yElaka lOtete nashi kale sha longekidwa nawa. Elongelokumwe mokulihonga nali

tuwe omufindo ngaashi tashi dulika. Oshihopaenenwa/lelwa, otashi dulika pe/na omikalo

dokuhonga di-hapu tadi dulu okukandula/po omukundu wonhumba, ovahongwa ngeenge

tave li-hongo moungudu otava paafana yo eshiivo. Sha fimana, oinyangadalwa nai kale tai ti

sha meenghalamwenyo dovahongwa voo va dule okumona efimano layo. Eshi ovahongwa

tava xumu komesho mowino wopaumwene, panghalafano, paunongo womakwatafano,

otava pewa oshinakuwanifwa shihapu va kufe ombinga melilongekido nometaloshiivo

loilonga yavo, tashi ningwa mewiliko lomuhongi.

Ovahongwa vahapu ava ve na Oshikwanyama ong-elaka lotete ova likola nale ounongo

muhapu welaka nove na nale oupunaitya muhapu mangha inava hovela ofikola.

Kovahongwa vamwe, eshi itashi kala ngaha. Momikalo dimwe ehongomawi itali ka pumbwa

okuhongwa nelalakano lokuhonga Elaka lOtete olo okudeula okupopya oitya mondjila

nonomufenu. Ovahongwa vamwe otava kala konyala va mona nove shii eemhango delaka,

ashike vamwe otava kala nokuninga omapuko natango mokulongifa elaka. Ovahongi ova

pumbwa okutungila kwaasho ovahongwa ve shi nale naasho tava dulu okuninga, noku va

ulikila/longa nhumbi ve na okulongifa omutungilo welaka u li mondjila, nonghee ve/na

okuxumifa komesho owino wavo wokulongifa elaka lomoule no-li li pamufika.

Ehongo lOshikwanyama nali kale la kwatela mo owino, kutya elaka loo/vene oli na

omutungilo womondjila oo u na okulongifwa mokushanga nomoinima yopambelewa,

omangha elaka lokupopya oli na omalunduluko mahapu mwa kwatelwa elaka lombili/litalala

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unene ngeenge taku longifwa elaka lopamblewa, elaka ohali dulu yo okulongifwa pamikalo

dihe fi dopambelewa.

Ongulu yofikola nai kale tai ulike oupuna welaka. Ongulu keshe nai kale i na okakololo

kokuleshela ke na omambo okulesha, omahokololo omomudingonoko, outevo

moishangomwa ile (oprosa) ya etwa po melongelokumwe nomudingonoko, oishangomwa

yovahongwa vo vene, omafano a fatululwa kovahongwa noku a tulika kekuma. Oikundaneki

ya yooloka oi na okulongifwa, opo ku/etwe po eenghundafana, oinyandwa, oyeetwa-po

yomishangwa ya dja moradio yomomudingonoko, omafano ehe na oitya noinima

yopamifyuululwakalo dovakulunhu nounona.

Nonande eefikola ashike diniini di na eekombiuta tadi dulu okulongifwa kovahongwa,

ovahongi ove na okuxumifa komesho eshiivo lokulimonena omauyelele opautekenika mokati

kovahongwa veendodo dopehovelo. Eepologalama dokulundulula omishangelo otadi

monika, neefikola edi di/na eekombpiuta nadi tule eepologalama edi meekombpiuta da-do

opo ovahongi novahongwa ve di longife vo va ete po oishangomwa/oinyolwa. Eshiivo

lokukonga omauyelele opautekenika otali dulu okunghonopalekwa mokukundafana eenhele

opo ovahongwa hava mono eekombpiuta needjo domauyelele momidingonoko davo, naashi

hadi longifwa. Nava leshe yoo ouhokololo nokukundafana kombinga yomafano e na sha

nokukonga omauyelele opautekenika. Ovahongwa ovo hava dulu okumona eekompiuta ove

na okutuwa omukumo ve di longife nokutukulilafana eshiivo noavakwao.

Omikalo edi tadi shikula odi na okutulwa moilonga ngeenge taku hongwa eewino delaka

lotete (Oshikwanyama) kondadalunde.

Okupwilikina nokunyamukula

Omukalo inau sheywa wokulihonga elaka inashi teelelwa, oshi na okutuwa omufindo

ponghatu ei opo ku pendulwe ohokwe yexumifo komesho lelaka. Ovahongwa ove na

okupewa eemhito dihapu va pwilikine komahokololo, koitevo nokomaimbilo. Ove na yoo

okuetapo omahokololo, oitevo nomaimbilo vo vene. Ove/na okuxumifa komesho eshiivo lavo

lomutungilo noloupunaitya melaka lOshikwanyama nokuxumifa komesho ounongo

wokupwilikina. Ope na okukala eemhito dihapu oku ulika eudeko tashi pitile

mokunyamukula.

Okupopya nokukwatafana

Ovahongwa nava shiive nhumbi tava kwatafana nelalakano lonhumba tava longifa omikalo

dokupopya edi da tambulwa/ko mOshikwanyama. Nava/longife omutungilo welaka mondjila

noku-tuwa omukumo va kwatafane memanguluko, nelifefifo nonelineekelo mwene.

Okunongonona nokulesha

Okulesha oko ounongo wa fimana mexumifo komesho lelaka nokwa pumbiwa melihongo

longhalamwenyo. Ovahongwa nava longife efimbo la wana opo va likole ounongo womawi,

ouyamba woitya, omikalo dokulesha neudeko opo va leshe nepyokoko noneudeko. Eshiivo

lokulesha oha-li limonikila ngeenge ovahongwa tava tameke okudimbuluka omakwatafano

pokati kewi nefano londada (phonics). Ehongo lomawi nomafano eendada oshinima sha

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pumbiwa mokulesha nokuna okuhongwa pamulandu, melandulafano nomekwatafano naashi

tashi hongwa. Kakele ehongo lokulesha inali hovela mangha, fiyo ovahongwa tava kwata ko

omawi eendada delaka lOshikwanyama nonhumbi tava dulu oku a longifa pamikalo dihapu.

Ovahongwa nava tuwe omukumo va nongonone nokulesha oinima yomahokololo oshili naa

ehe fi oshili nokulongifa oindaneta naikwao yopautekenika ngee ope na. Osha fimana opo

ovahongi va ulike omikalo diwa dokulesha nohole yokulesha. Otundi yokulesha ei ya wedwa

momufindalandu oi na okulongifwa meyambule po nexumifokomesho lokulesha nosho/yo

etwomukumo lovahongwa ovo vehe hole okulesha va mone ouwa tau/di mokulesha.

Okushanga/ Okunyola

Ovahongwa ove na okushanga oinyolwa i na omalalakano nomalityo efiku keshe

mOshikwanyama va li-kole ounongo muwa wokushanga eendada, omikalo dokushanga

oishangomwa, omikalo nounongo wokusipela, okushanga paunghulungu noku va longekida

kwaashi tashi pulwa momido tadi shikula. Ove na okulihonga nhumbi ve na okuleshulula

oinyolwa yavo noku eta po oilonga yongushu. Owino wokushanga eendada ou na

okuhongwa kondadalunde tashi pitile moileshwa yowino wokushanga. Omaunongo oo oku

na okulongifwa ngaashi sha pumbiwa metavakano lomufindalandu.

Omutungilo,eemhango nelongifo lelaka

Omakanghameno elaka lOshikwanyama okwa kwatela mo elongifo lomondjila loileshifo,

elongifo lelaka, oitukulwa/topolwa yokupopya, omafimbo, okutunga omatumbulo,

oupunaitya, okutumbula oitya mondjila, elongo leendada nomawi ado, owino wokukonakona

oitya, eemhango nomikalo dokuspela. Meemhito dihapu ovahongwa ova pumbwa okuhanga

omakanghameno aa, opo va mone omaunongo a pumbwa melongifo lelaka lefiku keshe.

Ashike osha fimana neenghono opo ehongo li kale tali hafifa, tali hokwifa nosho yo ta-li

wapalele opo omakanghameno elaka lOshikwanyama ngeenge e lihongwa a kale taa

longifwa momukalo wokuhovakanifa.

7. Omapyokoko okexulilo londodo

Ovahongwa eshi tave ya mondodo 1 meendodo dopehovelo, aveshe ova teelelwa va kale

va/longekidwa panghalafano, pamaliudo, pamadiladilo nopalutu okuhovela ehongo

lopambelewa. Oivike yotete itano yondodo 1 nai lalakanene oinyangadalwa yelilongekidilo

lehongo mofikola.

Pexulilo/mokumana Oshikwanyama shododo 3 , ovahongwa ova teelelwa va kale tava dulu

okuulika omapyokoko taa landula:

Okupwilikina nokunyamukula

Ovahongwa va pwilikine nelitulemo nonondjungu, kwaashi tashi popiwa. Ovahongwa va dule

okunyamukula pamikalo da yoolokafana, va ulike eudeko netambule-ko osho tashi popiwa.

Nava ulike ohokwe yaashi tashi popiwa nefimaneko lomupopi tava longifa omalinyengo olutu

nomalihumbato taa wapalele.

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Okupopya nokukwatafana

Ovahongwa va kwatafane melaka li yela/nola yukilila tava longifa oupunaitya wa

yoolokafana, elaka nomutungilo womatumbulo u li mondjila, okutumbula oitya mondjila

nomitono da yoolokafana. Nava popye oupopiwa vaxupi va longekidwa, tava yandje

omaukwatya melandulafano she likwatelela kelalakano loshipopiwa nokovapwilikini.

Otava weda keenghundafana mokutambulafana omauyelele, okutukulilafana omadilaadilo,

okuyandja omaliudo, okupula omapulo taa wapalele nokukufa/ombinga nondjungu. Tava

ulike omaunongo okuninga omakwatafano taa wapalele, nomakanghameno opanghalafano

a tambulwa ko kwaaveshe ngaashi okulipa omalufo mokupopya nokufimaneka omaliudo

avakwao.

Okunongonona nokulesha

Ovahongwa va leshe memanguluko oinyolwa i/li-li noku/lili yomahokololo e-he fi oshili, ile

yomauyelele ve li-udife nawa, va konge omauyelele nove li-xumife komesho paumwene.

Otava tofa mo omatumbulo nomalityo a longifwa moinyolwa oku eta po elityo, ohokwe nosho

yo omaliudo avo. Otava tofa mo omalinyengo ovanyandi nokuyandja omadiladilo kombinga

yovanyandi nosho yo koiningwanima.

Otava longifa eshivo lavo leendada nomawi ado, omaunongo okuxunganeka, okuyandja

oshipala shoshiima, omaunongo okundjadjukununa oitya, nomikalo dokuleshululaa, opo ku

tukulwe oitya mondjila paunhoko. Tava lesha mondjila, neendelelo neshiivo loupunaitya shi

kwafele eudeko. Nava leshe yoo mokule nokutumbula oitya nomutono welaka u li mondjila,

okupopya memanguluko nomoule.

Otava longifa nawa omikalo doku-li-pula mwene, dokulipukulula mwene, dokumwena po

nodokuleshulula opo va kwafele eudeko. Otava hokololulula meshikulafano,

omanenedilaadilo omo mahokololo, tava mono omauyelele anafangwa (opauxupi/apu),

nomafaneko omadilaadilo opomufika wopombada tava faneke omaxulifo kombinga

yomadilaadilo e li moinyolwa.

Nava nongonone oikwafifohongo ya yooloka i wetike, ngaashi omambo, omambo omafano,

oifonghundana, omamagazine, omafano oumhungu, oualita, eeDVD, eeradio mudidimbe,

eekino, no-indaneta (apa tai monika) tave shi ningi nelalakano, noneudeko ta-li wapalele.

Okushanga/Okunyola

Ovahongwa tava shange eendada neenomola mondjila, tava longifa ounene u fike pamwe

neemhwaka, tava ulike ounyakwa, eendelelo li li nawa, omukalo muwa wokukala omutumba

nowokukwata opena yekala.

Tava shange oinyolwa yavo vene yomaludi a yooloka tai wapalele ovaleshi (ovapwilikini)

naasho tashi lalakanenwa tava longifa omadilaadilo neshiivo lavo vene, tava eta po

ovanyandi notava longifa omahokololo e na ehovelo nexulilo. Nava shange omishangwa

dopambelelwa da yooloka tadi wapelele ovapwilikini naasho tashi lalakanenwa notava

11


longifa omikalo diwa noda tambulwa ko dokushanga nokusipela ku li mondjila (okushanga

oitya mondjila).

Omutungilo, eemhango nelongifo lelaka

Ovahongwa tava longifa mondjila eendada da/kula, oitwa, oipulifo noi-ingidifo. Tava longifa

okalyandada ka holole kutya ondada imwe oya nhukwa po. Tava longifa yo oinghwanyu

okutukula oinima i li momusholondodo. Tava luku, tava tofa mo ndele tava longifa oityadina

ngaashi, oityadina oikwakuvalulwa (tai dulu okuvalulwa) noityadina itai dulu okuvalulwa,

oityadinalela, oityadinamuhanga, oityalonga, oityaponheleuliko noityalupe.

Tava longifa mondjila epaifefimbo, epita-fimbo neteelelwafimbo. Tava longifa

omashiivifotumbulo, omapulotumbulo nomalombwelotumbulo. Tava eta po

omakupilikwatumbulo tava longifa oikwatakanifitya ya yooloka, tava longifa oupunaitya wa

nyama koshilongwa womondjila nokutumbula nawa oitya. Tava longifa eshiivo lavo leendada

nomawi ado, neemhango nomikalo dokushipela.

8. Etalululo nokushikulafanifa pakutula kumwe okudja pOndodo ya/tetekela

oprima/Ondodo yotete fiyo opOndodo 3

Opo ku ulikwe eyokomesho mounongo, meshiivo nomeenghedi momukokomoko wehongo

leendodo dopedu, opa tulwa elandulafano tali shikula olo tali ulike ounongo wa yooloka tau

monika mOndodo ya tetekela oprima/Ondodo yotete fiyo omOndodo onhinhatu. Ashike,

oshikalimo shelihongo mondodo ya/tetekela yotete inashi kwatelwa mo momufindahongo ou.

Oshikalimo osho otashi hangikwa momufindahongo wondodo/ngudu ya tetekelela ondodo

yotete (oshikunino).

ONGUDU/ONDODO

YA TETEKELA

ONDODO YOTETE

ONDODO 1 ONDODO 2 ONDODO 3

OKUPWILIKINA NOKUNYAMUKULA

OKUPWILIKINA NELITULEMO NOKUNYAMUKULA NGAASHI TASHI WAPALELE

Okupwilikina

komahokololo,

omadengo nouimbilo

molwelihafifo

nokunyamukula

netumba

Okupwilikina

nelitulemo

komahokololo,

omadengo nouimbilo

vokulihafifa

nokunyamukula

netumba, okuyandja

omaliudo avo

komaukwatya

nokoiningwanima

Okupwilikina nelitulemo

komahokololo,

omadengo nouimbilo

vokulihafifa

nokunyamukula

netumba, okuyandja

omaliudo avo

komaukwatya

nokoiningwanima


komahokololo, omadengo,

ouimbilo, eengano

nominghenyewa/ noiyolifa

nokunyamukula netumba,

okuyandja omaliudo avo

komaukwatya

nokoiningwanima

Okuhokololulula

oitukulwa imwe po

Okuhokololulula

ehokololo

Okuhokololulula

ehokololo nokuyandja

Okuhokololulula ehokololo

nokuyandja

12


ONGUDU/ONDODO

YA TETEKELA

ONDODO YOTETE


yehokololo noitya yavo

vene

nokuyandja exuku

lehokololo

omanenediladilo

nomauyelele amwe po

mehokololo

omanenediladilo

nomauyelele amwe po

momahokololo

Okupwilikina

nokunyamukula

komalombwelo

opakanya

Okupwilikina

nokunyamukula

komalombwelo

opakanya,

omatumwalaka,

omashiivifo

nomauyelele

Okupwilikina

nokunyamukula

komalombwelo

opakanya,

omatumwalaka,

omashiivifo

nomauyelele

Okupwilikina

nokunyamukula

komalombwelo

ashikulafana/ opakanya,

omatumwalaka, omashiivifo

nomauyelele

Okweendulula oitya 3

fiyo 4 ya landulafana

Okupwilikina ku sha

ndele tava endulula

pakanya outumbulo

vapu va 2 ve/na oitya

4 fiyo 5 va

landulafana

Okupwilikina ku sha

nokuendulula pakanya

komatumbulo

anafangwa a 3 a

landulafana ile

kekupilikwatumbulo

limwe

Okupwilikina ku sha

nokunyamukula pakanya

komatumbulo anafangwa a

4 a landulafana ile

kekupilikwatumbulo limwe

nokokatumbulo kanafangwa

kamwe

Okunyamukula

pakufaneka,

pakuhopaenena

noilyo yolutu,

nokunyanda

Okunyamukula

pakufaneka,

pakuhopaenena noilyo

yolutu, nokunyanda

Okunyamukula pakufaneka,

pakuhopaenena noilyo

yolutu, nokunyanda

Okuulika omikalo diwa

dokupwilikina tava

paafana omalufo

okupopya

Okuulika omikalo

diwa dokupwilikina

tava paafana

omalufo okupopya

nokunyamukula

pamukalo muwa


dokupwilikina tava

paafana omalufo

okupopya, okuninga

omalinyengo olutu taa

wapalele, okupula

omapulo opo va

yelifilwe nokuyandja

omadiladilo avo vene


dokupwilikina tava paafana

omalufo okupopya,

okuninga omalinyengo olutu

taa wapalele, okuyandja

omawedelepo noku holola

omadiladilo avo vene

pakutwakumwe ile paku

hatwa kumwe

OKUPOPYA NOKUKWATAFANA

EKWATAFANO NEFENUNGUTO, ELINEEKELOMWENE NELIFEFIFO

Okukwatafana nelaka

tali fenunuka

nelineekelo mwene

kombinga yavo vene

nokombinga

yomudingonoko wavo

Okukwatafana paku

popya itava kakatele,

nonelineekelo muvo

vene kombinga yavo

vene nomidingonoko

davo

Okukwatafana paku-

popya itava kakatele,

nonelineekelo muvo

vene kombinga yavo

vene nomidingonoko

davo

Okukwatafana paku popya

itava kakatete,

nonelineekelo muvo vene

kombinga yavo vene

nomidingonoko davo

Okulongifa elaka

lefiku keshe tali

Okulongifa elaka lefiku

keshe tali fenunguta,

Okulongifa elaka lefiku

keshe tali fenunguta,

13


ONGUDU/ONDODO

YA TETEKELA

ONDODO YOTETE


fenunguta,

okulifefifa, okulongifa

omadengo elaka e li

mondjila, okutumbula

oitya mondjila,

okulongifa eshiivo

leemhango delaka

noupunaitya

okulifefifa, okulongifa,

omadengo elaka e li

mondjila, okutumbula

oitya mondjila,

okulongifa eshiivo

leemhango delaka

noupunaitya

okulifefifa, okulongifa,

omadengo elaka e li

mondjila, okutumbula oitya

mondjila, okulongifa eshiivo

leemhango delaka

noupunaitya

Okulongifa omikalo

diwa ngeenge tava

popifafana, tava pula

epitikilo, okupandula

nokuyandja ombili

Okulongifa omikalo

diwa ngeenge tava



nokuyandja ombili

noku li-tongomona

vo vene

Okulongifa omikalo

diwa ngeenge tava



nokuyandja ombili noku

li-tongomona vo vene

Okulongifa omikalo diwa

ngeenge tava popifafana,

tava pula epitikilo,

okupandula nokuyandja

ombili noku li-tongomona vo

vene

OMALALAKANO ELAKA

Okuhokolola

omahokololo

Okuhokolola

omahokololo tava

longifa outumbulo

vanafangwa

nomutungilo welaka

u/li mondjila

Okuhokolola

omahokololo a

longekidwa naao inaa

longekidwa tava longifa

outumbulo vanafangwa

nomakupilikwatumbu-lo

nelaka li li mondjila

Okuhokolola omahokololo a

longekidwa naao

inaa/longekidwa

tava/longifa outumbulo

vanafangwa

nomakupilikwatumbulo

nelaka li li mondjila

Okutumbula oitya

pamadengo nokuimba

omaimbulo

Okutumbula oitya

pamadengo

nokuimba

omaimbulo

Okutumbula oitya

pamadengo,

okuhokolola outevo ovo

hava mange elaka (ng:

“eengobe da-tate nadi

dje ko kohambo di uye

di tu dindulule”,

“omushila wombwa

ouwa wa/vavwa”), noku

imba omaimbulo

Okutumbula oitya

pamadengo, eengano,

ominghenyewa/oiyolifa,

okuhokolola outevo,

okuimba omaimbulo

nokukufa ombinga

meenghundana davavali

danafangwa

Okudimbuluka

pakupopya

oiningwanima

yopaumwene

Okudimbuluka

pakupopya

oiningwanima

yopaumwene

Okudimbuluka

pakupopya

eenghundana

kombinga

dyoiningwanima

yakwalukeshe

Okudimbuluka pakupopya

oiningwanima nokuholola

omaliudo nomadiladilo avo

14


ONGUDU/ONDODO

YA TETEKELA

ONDODO YOTETE


Okuhokolola oinima,

;oshinamwenyo ile

oshiningwanima

Okuhokolola oinima;

oshinamwenyo,

omunhu ile

oshiningwanima

Okuhokolola

oshinamwenyo, omunhu ile

oshiningwanima

Okufatulula noitya

ipu nhumbi oinima

hai longo

Okufatulula paku

hokolola nhumbi oinima

hai longo

Okufatulula omikalo

danafangwa; nhumbi oinima

hai longo, okuyandja

omapukululo pamaudi

Okulombwela vakwao

elandulafano

lanafangwa

Okulombwela vakwao

elandulafano

Okukonga ouyelele

pakupula omapulo

Okukonga ouyelele

pakupula omapulo

Okuninga omapulapulo

opakanya nelalakano

lokukonga ouyelele

Okunyamukula omapulo tava longifa omatumbulo anafangwa

Okunyamukula omapulo tava longifa omatumbulo anafangwa/mapu, nomutungilo welaka u li mondjila

Okunyamukula omapulo tava longifa omatumbulo anafangwa/mapu, nomakupilikwatumbulo, nomutungilo welaka u li mondjila

Okunyamukula omapulo tava longifa omatumbulo anafangwa/mapu, nomakupilikwatumbulo, nomutungilo welaka u li mondjila

Tava yandje omadilaadilo nomatomheno anafangwa

Tava yandje omadilaadilo nomatomheno anafangwa

OKULONGEKIDA NOKUYANDJA OMAUYELELE

Okulongekida

nokuyandja omauyelele

anafangwa/ongaho

tave shi ulike

pakuhokolola

Okulongekida

nokuyandja

eenghundana defiku

tave shi ulike

nokulongifa oityapulo

ei; olye, oshike,

onaini, openi?

Okulongekida noku

yandja oshipopiwa

shanafangwa/ shipu

tava longifa oityapulo

ei;olye, oshike, onaini,

openi, omolwashike;

tashi ulike ehovelo,

olutu nexulilo

Okulongekida oshipopiwa

shixupi tashi mwa longifwa

oityapulo ei; olye, oshike,

onaini, openi, omolwashike;

tashi ulike ehovelo, olutu

nexulilfo tava longifa

oilongifo i/wetike,omikalo da

yooloka do-ku-shila shila

15


ONGUDU/ONDODO

YA TETEKELA

ONDODO YOTETE


ovapwilikini

OKUNONGONONA NOKULESHA

ESHIIVO LOKUYOOLOLA PAKUTALA ILE PAKUPWILIKINA

Okuulika owino

wokuyoolola pakumona

nomesho nopakuuda

nomatwi.

Okuulika owino

wokuyoolola

pakumona nomesho

nopakuuda nomatwi.

Okuulika owino woku

yoolola pakumona

nomesho nopakuuda

nomatwi.

Okuulika owino woku

yoolola pakumona

nomesho nopakuuda

nomatwi.

EHONGO LOMAWI EENDADA NOKU-TUMBULA OITYA MELANDULAFANO

Okutofa mo oitya

momatumbulo

Okuvalula noku

lundulula outya vapu

momatumbulo

nokuvalula

ounhokotya moutya

vapu

Okulundulula oityadina

momatumbulo,

nokuvalula

nokulundulula

ounhokotya moutya

vapu

Okutamununa omatumbulo

pakuweda ko omauyelele,

nokuvalula nokulundulula

ounhokotya moitya oyo i/na

ounhokotya vahapu.

Okutofa mo oitya

yomadengo e li-fa

Okutofa mo

yomadengo e li-fa

noku yoolola pokati

komawi oulitumbuli

vale naava vaxupi

Okutofa mo oitya

yomadengo e li-fa

nokuyoolola pokati

komawi oulitumbuli vale

naava vaxupi

Okutofamo

nokupingekafana oitya

yomadengo e li-fa

nokuyoolola pokati komawi

oulitumbuli vale naava

vaxupi

Okudimbuluka omawi

opehovelo moitya ipu

Okudimbuluka

nokulundulula omawi

opehovelo moitya ipu

Okudimbuluka

nokulundulula omawi

opehovelo noopexulilo

moitya ipu

Okudimbuluka

nokulundulula omawi

opehovelo, opokati

noopexulilo moitya ipu

Okudimbuluka noku-

etapo omaendululo

omawi pehovelo

moitya

Okudimbuluka noku-

etapo omaendululo

omawi opehovelo

moitya

Okudimbuluka noku-etapo

omaendululo omawi

momatumbulo

Okumangela kumwe

nokutukula oitya

yokanhokotya

kamwe

(onset-rime)

Okumangela kumwe

nokutukula oitya

yokanhokotya kamwe

ke/na eenghwambali

Okumangela kumwe

nokutukula oitya

yokanhokotya kamwe ke/na

eenghwanhatu

EUNGANEKO NOMAUKWATYA OPEHOVELO OISHANGOMWA

Oku-dimbulukwa kutya

oha-ku leshwa to di

kolumosho wa finda

kolulyo nokudja

pombada wa finda

Oku-dimbulukwa

kutya oha-ku leshwa

to di kolumosho wa

finda kolulyo nokudja

pombada wa finda

Oku-dimbulukwa kutya

oha-ku leshwa to di

kolumosho wa finda

kolulyo nokudja

pombada wa finda

Oku-dimbulukwa kutya oha-

ku leshwa to di kolumosho

wa finda kolulyo nokudja

pombada wa finda pedu

16


ONGUDU/ONDODO

YA TETEKELA

ONDODO YOTETE


pedu, omafano

noishangomwa ohai eta

elityo noitya otai

tukulwa pa-ku pitifa/po

eeemhwaka pokati

pedu, omafano

noishangomwa ohai

eta elityo noitya otai

tukulwa pa-ku

pitifa/po eemhwaka

pokati

pedu

Okuulika omukalo

womondjila wokukwata

nawa omambo,

okukwata embo

la/yukilila

nokudimbuluka

oshipeko shembo

shokomesho

noshokonima ngee tava

lesha

Okuulika omukalo

womondjila

wokukwata nawa

omambo, okukwata

embo la/yukilila

nokudimbuluka

oshipeko shembo

shokomesho

noshokonima

noshipalanyole

shembo

Okuulika omukalo


nawa omambo,

okukwata embo

la/yukilila

nokudimbuluka

oshipeko shembo

shokomesho

noshokonima,

oshipalanyole shembo

nomushangi walo

Okuulika omukalo


nawa omambo, okukwata

embo la/yukilila

nokudimbuluka oshipeko

shembo shokomesho

noshokonima,

oshipalanyole shembo,

omushangi walo

nomufaneki womafano e li

membo omo

EHONGOMAWI (EHONGO LEENDADA NOMAWI ADO)

Okudimbulukwa,

okutumbula eendada

doalfabeta

/domusholondodo/ween

dada nokutumbula

omawi eendada

deenghwaimwe

Okudimbulukwa

omadina eendada

nomawi ado

nelandulafano lado

moalfabeta

/momusholondodo

weendada

Okudimbulukwa

omadina eendada

nomawi ado,

nelandulafano lado

moalfabeta

/momusholondodo

weendada

Okudimbulukwa omadina

eendada nomawi ado,

nelandulafano lado

moalfabeta

/momusholondodo

weendada

Okulesha oitya

yeendadanhatu i na

oulitumbuli vavali va-

xupi (eta)

Okulesha oitya

yeendadanhatu i na

oulitumbuli vavali va-

xupi (eta)

..... KASHIMO ..... ....

KASHIMO blends

okukwatelakumwe

ouwedwa eg. Brave

Okulesha oitya i li

pamufika

wondodo/wongudu

yavo ya/hovela

neengwanhatu

Okulesha oitya i li pamufika

wondodo/wongudu yavo

ya/hovela neengwanhatu

KASHIMO MBELA Okulesha oitya i li

pamufika

wondodo/wongudu

yavo i na okawedwa

noulitumbuli vavali

ve li-shikula (kaa)

Okulesha oitya i li

pamufika

wondodo/wongudu

yavo i na okawedwa

noulitumbuli vavali ve li

shi kula (kao)


wondodo/wongudu yavo i

na ouwedwa vavali ve na

eendada de limwenenena

nouliumbuli vavali va

yoolokafana (kao)

Okulesha oitya i li Okulesha oitya i li pamufika

17


ONGUDU/ONDODO

YA TETEKELA

ONDODO YOTETE


pamufika wondodo

yavo i na

eenghwanhatundada

wondodo yavo i na

eenghwanhatundada

Okulesha oitya ili pamufika

wondo-do yavo i na

eenghwanheendada

KASHIMO MBELA Okulesha oitya i li

pamufika wondodo

yavo i na

(diphthongs)

Okulesha oitya i li

pamufika wondodo

yavo i na (diphthongs)


wondodo yavo i na

(diphthongs)

Okudimbuluka

oupunaitya noitya ya

sha i li pamufika

wondodo/wongudu

yavo

Okudimbuluka

oupunaitya noitya ya

sha i li pamufika

wondodo/wongudu

yavo

Okudimbuluka oupunaitya

noitya ya sha i li pamufika


OMIKALO DOKUUDAKO

Okufatulula oumbo

vomafano ‘pakulesha’

nokutota po ehokololo

Okufatulula oumbo

vomafano

‘pakulesha’ nokutota

po ehokololo

Okufatulula oumbo



Okufatulula oumbo



Okufatulula ouleshwa

vapu taku longifwa

owino wokutengeneka

neshiivo lomawi

eendada ooimwe

Okufatulula oitya

noileshwa ihe

shiivike taku/longifwa

eshiivo leendada

nomawi ado

Okufatulula oitya

noileshwa ihe shiivike

taku longifwa owino

wokutengeneka,

ouyelele tau wapalele

neshiivo leendada

nomawi ado

Okufatulula oitya noileshwa

ihe shiivike taku longifwa

owino wokutengeneka,

ouyelele tau wapalele

neshiivo leendada nomawi

ado

Okulongifa omikalo

dokuleshulula nodo

kulesha wa finda

komesho opo ku

tukulwe oitya noileshwa

ihe shiivike

Okulongifa omikalo

dokuleshulula nodo kulesha

wa finda komesho opo ku

tukulwe oitya noileshwa ihe

shiivike

OMIKALO DOKULESHA NEUDEKO

Okulongifa omikalo

dokulesha neudeko va

tunge po eliyo:

okulongifa ouyelele

wopamafano,

Okulongifa omikalo

dokulesha neudeko

va tunge po elityo:

okulongifa eshiivo

nounongo wavo

Okulongifa omikalo


kaleke/po elityo:

okulongifa eshiivo

nounongo wavo vene,

Okulongifa omikalo


kaleke po elityo: okulongifa

eshiivo nounongo wavo

vene, ouyelele pamafano,

18


ONGUDU/ONDODO

YA TETEKELA

ONDODO YOTETE


wopaishangomwa/ne-

ewino davo vene

vene, ouyelele

pamafano

nowoipalanyole

ouyelele pamafano,

oishangomwa, oku-li-

pula mwene, oku li-

pukulula mwene,

okufudapo

nokuleshulula

oishangomwa, oku-li-pula

mwene, oku li pukulula

mwene, okufuda po

nokuleshulula

EUDEKO

‘Okulesha’ embo

lomafano, ndee tava

hokololulula ile

okudanauka

oshinyandwa tava ulike

eudeko

Okulesha

okahokololo kapu,

ndee tava

hokololulula

nokudanauka

oshinyandwa tava

ulike eudeko

Okulesha ehokololo

ndee tava hokololulula

nokudanauka


eudeko

Okulesha omahokololo,

oiimbo noutevo, ndee tava

hokololulula nokudanauka


eudeko

Okutula omafano

meshikulafano liwa

nokuhokololulula

ehokololo

Okutula omafano

noutumbulo vapu

meshikulafano va ete

po ehokololo

Okushikulafanifa

omauyelele, ngaashi

omafano nomatumbulo

melandulafano liwa va

ete po elityo lehokololo

Okushikulafanifa

omauyelele, ngaashi

omafano, omatumbulo ile

elandulafano lokueta po sha

(orecipe) melandulafano

liwa va ete po elityo

lehokololo

Okupopya kombinga

yomahokololo

nokunyamukula

komapulo mapu

Okunyamukula

omapulo e li pamifika

da yooloka: mapu

naao madjuu a dja

mokaleshwa

Okunyamukula

omapulo e li pamifika

da yooloka: omapulo

mapu naao madjuu e

likwatelela kokaleshwa,

nokuyandja

omadiladilo/omaliudo

avo kombinga

yoiningwanima

novanyandi mehokololo

Okunyamukula omapulo e li

pamifika da yooloka,

omapulo mapu naao

madjuu e likwatelela

kokaleshwa, nokuyandja

omadiladilo/omaliudo avo

kombinga yoiningwanima

novanyandi mehokololo

Okungonga pauxupi

okaleshwa kanafangwa

OKULESHA MELIMWENENENO ILE MOKULE NELALAKANO NONEUDEKO

Okunongela

omhumbwe nehalo

lokulesha

Okuulika omhumbwe

nehalo lokulesha

Okuulika omhumbwe

nehalo lokulesha

memanguluko

Okuulika omhumbwe

nehalo lokulesha

memanguluko

(kuyeemwene)

Okuhopaenena

‘okulesha’ omambo

omafano oo a shangwa

naao inaa shangwa

Okulesha oileshwa i

lili noku lili ihe/fi

yoshili i li pamufika

wondodo/wongudu

Okulesha oileshwa i lili

noku lili ihefi yoshili i li

pamufika wongudu

yavo

Okulesha oileshwa i lili noku

lili ihefi yoshili i li pamufika

wongudu yavo

melimweneneneno ile

19


ONGUDU/ONDODO

YA TETEKELA

ONDODO YOTETE


nelalakano lokuuda ko yavo

melimweneneneno

ile mokule

nelalakano

noneudeko

melimweneneneno ile

mokule, nekatuko tali

wapalele, elalakano

noneudeko

mokule, nekatuko tali

wapalele, elalakano

noneudeko

Okulesha oileshwa

nomauyelele e lili

naku lili , e/li

pamufika

wondodo/wongudu

yavo tava longifa

oinima i/wetike va

mone nova/kufe mo

ouyelele wonhumba

Okulesha oileshwa

nomauyelele e lili naku

lili , e/li pamufika

wondodo/wongudu

yavo tava longifa

oinima i/wetike va

mone nova/kufe mo

ouyelele wonhumba

Okulesha oileshwa

nomauyelele e lili naku lili ,

e/li pamufika


tava longifa oinima i/wetike

va mone nova/kufe mo

ouyelele wonhumba

Okulesha mokule

oinyolwa ya

longekidwa i li

pamufika

wondodo/wongudu

yavo neudeko,

okutumbula oitya

mondjila, okulesha

nelaka tali fenunguta

nawa, okuulika

omaliudo,

netongololo

lomalunduluko

mokulesha

Okulesha mokule

oinyolwa ya longekidwa

pamufika

wondodo/wongudu

yavo neudeko,

okutumbula oitya

mondjila, okulesha


nawa, okuulika

omaliudo, netongololo

lomalunduluko

mokulesha

Okulesha mokule oinyolwa

ya longekidwa pamufika


neudeko, okutumbula oitya

mondjila, okulesha nelaka

tali fenunguta nawa,

okuulika omaliudo, mokule,

nekatuko, netongololo

lomalunduluko mokulesha

Okulesha ouleshwa

inava longekidwa ve

li pamufika wondodo

yavo, mokule,

neudeko, nelaka tali

fenunguta nokuulika

omaliudo

Okulesha ouleshwa

inava longekidwa ve li

pamufika wondodo

yavo, mokule, neudeko,


nokuulika omaliudo

Okulesha ouleshwa inava

longekidwa ve li pamufika

wondodo yavo, mokule,

neudeko, nelaka tali

fenunguta nokuulika

omaliudo

OKUNYAMUKULA KOINYOLWA

Okutofa mo

ovanyandi

noiningwanima inene

mehokololo

Okutofa mo ovanyandi,

omidingonoko apa pa

ningilwa oiningwanima,

noiningwanima inene

mehokololo

Okutofa mo ovanyandi,

omidingonoko apa pa

ningilwa oiningwanima,

nomanenediladilo

mehokololo

Okutofa mo omutungilo Okutofa mo omutungilo

20


ONGUDU/ONDODO

YA TETEKELA

ONDODO YOTETE


moshinyolwa: ehovelo

nexulilo lasho

moshinyolwa-ehovelo

nexulilo lasho

Okutofa mo omatumbulo

nomipopyo tadi holola

omaliudo

OKUSHANGA

OUNGHULUNGU WOKUSHANGA NOMAKE

Okuulika ehovelo

lexumokomesho

lomalinyengo

eenhumba dinini,

elongelokumwe

lomesho nomake,

okwooko oko ku na

eenghono, omukalo


opena nokukala

omutumba pamukalo

muwa

Okuulika

omalinyengo

eenhumba dinini,

elongelokumwe

lomesho nomake,

okwooko oko ku na

eenghono, omukalo

wokukwata opena

mondjila, nokukala

omutumba pamukalo

muwa

Okuulika omukalo


opena nokukala

omutumba pamukalo

muwa

Okuulika omukalo


opena nokukala omutumba

pamukalo muwa

Okuulika ehovelo

lexumokomesho

lokushanga tava longifa

omalinyengo omake

okudja kolumosho wa

finda kolulyo, nokudja

pombada wa finda

pedu

Okuulika omaunongo

amwe nomikalo

dokushanga

/ounyakwa

wokushanga

neendelelo tava

longifa omukalo

wokushanga okudja

kolumosho wa finda

kolulyo, nokudja

pombada wa finda

pedu

Okuulika omukalo

wokushanga

neendelelo ngeenge

tava shange

Okuulika omukalo

wokushanga neendelelo

ngeenge tava shange

Okutapa nokushanga

edina laye mwene

Okushanga nawa

eendada, oitya,

omatumbulo

neenomola

neendelelo noneke

tali dulu okuleshwa

netunge po

leenomola neendada

li li mondjila tava

longifa ounene

weendada

Okushanga nawa

eendada, oitya,

omatumbulo

neenomola neendelelo

noneke tali dulu

okuleshwa netunge po

leenomola neendada li

li mondjila tava longifa

ounene weendada

wa/faafana

neemhwamwhaka

Okushanga nawa eendada,

oitya, omatumbulo

neenomola neendelelo

noneke tali dulu okuleshwa

netunge po leenomola

neendada li li mondjila tava

longifa ounene weendada

wa/faafana

neemhwamwhaka pokati

keendada di li nawa

21


ONGUDU/ONDODO

YA TETEKELA

ONDODO YOTETE


wa/faafana

neemhwamwhaka

pokati keendada di li

nawa

pokati keendada di li

nawa

OMITUNGILO DOKUSHANGA

Okuulika omhumbwe

nehalo lokushanga

Okuulika omhumbwe

nehalo lokushanga

Okuulika omhumbwe

nehalo lokushanga

Okuulik ehalo lokushanga

Okushanga

ondeshela

yomatumbulo mapu

a 2 oitya 4-5

Okushanga ondeshela

yomatumbulo mapu a 3

ile e dulife po ile

omakupilikwatumbulo a

2

Okushanga ondeshela

yomatumbulo mapu a 4 ile

e dulife po ile

omakupilikwatumbulo a 2 ile

e dulife po

Okushanga

omahokololo avo

vene omatumbulo a

5 mapu

Okushanga

omahokololo avo vene

e na omatumbulo a 5

fiyo a 6 mapu

nomakupilikwatumbulo,

e na oshipalanyole,

ehovelo nexulifilo

Okushanga omahokololo

avo vene e na omatumbulo

a 6 mapu ile e dulife po

nokulongifa

omakupilikwatumbulo, e na

oshipalanyole, ehovelo,

olutu nexulifo nokutula mo

ovanyandi nonhele apa

pa/nyandelwa

Okushanga outevo

vanafangwa

Okushanga outevo

vanafangwa

Okushanga oiimbo ipu ile

outevo vouvelishe

vanafangwa

Okushanga

omadimbuluko

oiningwanima

yopaumwene i na

ehovelo nexulifo

lanafangwa omo

tava longifa oityapulo

ei: olye, oshike,

onaini

Okushanga

omadimbuluko

oiningwanima

yopaumwene i na

ehovelo nexulifo

lanafangwa omo tava

longifa oityapulo ei:

olye, oshike, onaini,

openi

Okushanga omadimbuluko

oiningwanima yopaumwene

ile oiningwanima i na i mu

ukilila, i na ehovelo, olutu

nexulifo lanafangwa omo

tava longifa oityapulo ei:

olye, oshike, onaini, openi,

omolwashike nongahelipi

Okushanga

ounyolwa/outumbulo

tava hokolola

oiningwanima yoshili

tava longifa

omatumbulo a-4-5

anafangwa

Okushanga

ounyolwa/outumbulo

tava hokolola

oiningwanima yoshili

tava longifa

omatumbulo a-4-5

anafangwa

nomakupilikwaumbu-lo

Okushanga

ounyolwa/outumbulo tava

hokolola oiningwanima

yoshili tava longifa

omatumbulo a-5-6

anafangwa

nomakupilikwaumbulo

nokulongifa

oipalanyoletumbulo

22


ONGUDU/ONDODO

YA TETEKELA

ONDODO YOTETE


Okushanga

omafatululo

anafangwa tava ulike

nhumbi oinima hai

longo, tava longifa

omatumbulo a-3 ile

a-4

Okushanga omafatululo

anafangwa va ulike

nhumbi oinima hai

longo, tava longifa

omatumbulo a 4 ile a-5

anafangwa

nomakupilikwatumbu-lo

Okushanga omafatululo

anafangwa va ulike nhumbi

oinima hai longo, tava

longifa omatumbulo a-5

anafangwa ile e dulife po


Okushanga omilandu

ile okueta po

omalombwelotumbulo

okushiivifa nhumbi sha

tashi ningwa

Okushanga omusholondodo

womalandulafano, exwata

lomalombwelotumbulo,

ouresepa ile eenghatu

melolelo lokulombwela

nhumbi sha ta shi ningwa

Okushanga

omapulotumbulo

anafangwa va mone

omauyelele tava

longifa oityapulo ei:

olye, oshike,onaini,

omolwashike

Okushanga

omapulotumbulo

anafangwa va mone

omauyelele tava longifa

oityapulo ei: olye,

oshike,onaini,

omolwashike

Okushanga

omapulotumbulo

anafangwa taa dulu oku

longifwa momapulaapulo

opo va mone omauyelele

tava longifa oityapulo ei:

olye, oshike, onaini,

omolwashike, ongahelipi

Okushanga

omalombwelo mapu va

ulike eliudo netomenho

Okushanga omalombwelo

mapu va ulike eliudo

netomenho

Okushanga oukalata

vanafangwa

nomashivo

Okushanga oukalata

nomashivo anafangwa

Okushanga oukalata

nomashivo anafangwa

Okushanga

oukaumemukanda u na

efiku, epopifo, olutu, exulifo

nomunyoli/omushangi

OMULANDU WOKUXUMIFA KOMESHO OKUSHANGA

Okushanga nawa

neke li-yela

outukulwa voinyolwa

tava longifa omukalo

wokungushupalekael

aka, omo oitya tai

wedwa mo opo i

xwepopaleke elityo,

eenenendada noitwa

Okushanga nawa neke

liyela outukulwa

voinyolwa tava longifa

omukalo

wokulngushupaleka

elaka, omo oitya tai

wedwa po yo tai dimwa

po i xwepopaleke elityo,

tava longifa imwepo

Okushanga nawa neke

liyela outukulwa voinyolwa

tava longifa omukalo

wokungushupaleka elaka,

omo omatumbulo noitya tai

wedwa po, tai dimwa po ile

tai tulululwa melandulafano,

tava longifa ihapu

yomoileshifo neemhango

23


ONGUDU/ONDODO

YA TETEKELA

ONDODO YOTETE


tai longifwa mondjila,

nomapuko

mokushanga oitya

taa pukululwa

yomoileshifo

neemhango delaka

mondjila, nomapuko

mokushanga oitya

(okushipela) taa

pukululwa.

delaka mondjila, nomapuko

mokushanga oitya

(okushipela) taa pukululwa.

OMUTUNGILO, EEMHANGO NELONGIFO LELAKA

EENDADA DA/KULA NOILESHIFO

Okulongifa

onenendada

pehovelo loshitya

shotete/shopehovelo

letumbulo,

nokomatameko

omadina ovanhu

nomadina

outekulwanamwenyo

Okulongifa

onenendada pehovelo

loshitya

shotete/shopehovelo

letumbulo,

nokomatameko

omadina ovanhu

nomadina

outekulwanamwenyo,

omafiku oshivike,

eehani domudo

nondada yopehovelo

koshipalanyole shembo

Okulongifa onenendada

pehovelo loshitya

shotete/shopehovelo

letumbulo, nokomatameko

omadina ovanhu nomadina

outekulwanamwenyo,

omafiku oshivike, eehani

domudo nondada

yopehovelo koshipalanyole

shembo, omafiku a fimana

ile omafiku omafudo/

(omadimbuluko),

oilando,oilandopangelo,

oilongo, omaxupipiko

omadina ovanhu,

oukwashiwana, nomalaka

haa popiwa

Okulongifa oshitwa

kexulilo letumbulo

Okulongifa oshitwa

kexulilo letumbulo,

noshipulifo kexulilo

lepulotumbulo

Okulongifa oshitwa kexulilo

letumbulo, noshipulifo

kexulilo lepulotumbulo,

noshiingidifo shi ulike eliudo

tava ulike okulongifa

okalyandada kokukanifa po

eendada dimwe ng:

End’ondjila yoikungulu

Okulongifa

oshinghwanyu u/tukule

oinima pokati ya nyolwa

ya landulafana

moinyolwa/momatumbu

lo

Okulongifa oshinghwanyu u

utukule oinima pokati ya

nyolwa ya landulafana

moinyolwa/momatumbulo

OITUKULWA YOKUPOPYA

Okulongifa oityadina Okutafo mo, tumbula Okutofa mo, okutumbula

24


ONGUDU/ONDODO

YA TETEKELA

ONDODO YOTETE


yashamwa

noityadina lela

nokulongifa oityadina

yashamwa noityadina

lela

noku-longifa oityadina oyo

hai dulu okuvalulwa naayo

ihai dulu okuvalula

noityadinamuhanga

Okulongifa

oityaponhele-lela,

ame, ove, ye, sho,

fye, vo

Okulongifa

oityaponhele-lela, ame,

ove, ye, sho, fye, vo

Okulongifa oityaponhele-

lela, ame, ove, ye, sho, fye,

vo

Okulongifa

oityamwene shange,

shoye, shaye

Okulongifa oityamwene

shange, shoye, shaye

Okulongifa oityamwene

shange, shoye, shaye,

shetu, shavo

Okulongifa

oityalonga

Okutofa mo,

okutumbula, okulongifa

oityalonga

Okutofa mo, okutumbula,

okulongifa oityalonga

Okulongifa

oityaponheleuliko

yanafangwa

Okulongifa

oityaponheleuliko

Okulongifa

oityaponheleuliko

Okulongifa oityalupe

ipu

Okulongifa oityalupe

oitya oyo tai hokolola

oityadina

Okutofa mo, okutumbula

nokulongifa oityalupe, oyo

tai hokolola oityadina

Okulongifa oityahololi, oitya

oyo ai hokolola oityalonga

Okulongifa oityalonga i

shiivike nawa

(pakupopya ashike) va

hokolole osho tashi

ningwa paife eshi, ile

shi li pokuningwa ng:

Ame ohandi faneke

(paife)

Okulongifa

oityalonga i shiivike

nawa va hokolole

osho tashi ningwa

(ile itashi ka ningwa)

paife eshi ile shihe li

pokuningwa ng: Ame

ohandi lesha (paife

eshi); Ame itandi

lesha (paife)


shiivike nawa va

hokolole osho tashi

ningwa (ile itashi ka

ningwa) paife ngaha

ng: Ye ota kofa (paife);

Ye itaka kofa (paife)


shiivike nawa va hokolole

osho tashi ningwa (ile itashi

ka ningwa) paife ngaha ng:

Paulus ota/ita ningi

oshifilwalonga shokeumbo

(paife)

Okulongifa

oityalonga i shiivike

nawa va hokolole

oshiningwanima

tashi ka ningwa

komesho, ng: Ame

ohandi talele po

meekulu moshivike

tashi ya.


shiivike nawa va

hokolole

oshiningwanima tashi

ka ningwa komesho,

ng: Meme ota shuna

mongula.


shiivike nawa va hokolole

oshiningwanima tashi ka

ningwa komesho, ng: Tate

ota lesha

oshifonghundaneki

konguloshi.

25


ONGUDU/ONDODO

YA TETEKELA

ONDODO YOTETE


ETEELELWAFIMBO


shiviike nawa

(pakupopya ashike) ng:

Ame ohandi ka ya

koomeekulu mongula

Okulongifa

oityalonga i shiviike

nawa ng: Fye ohatu

ka/ itatu ka mona

tate moshivike tashi

ya


shiviike nawa ng:

Oinamwenyo otai ka/

itai ka nwa ketambi


shiviike nawa ng: Ohandi ka

kala/ iandi ka kala mondodo

4 nokamwamemekadona

ota ke ya mondodo omu

OMILANDU NOMIKALO DOKUTUNGA OMATUMBULO

Okukwatakanifa

omatumbulo taku

longifwa ‘na’

(pakupopya ashike)

Okutunga

omatumbulo mapu

taku longifwa

oikwatakanifitya ‘na’

na ‘ile’

Okutunga omatumbulo

mapu/anafangwa


taku longifwa

oikwatakanifiya ‘ngee’,

‘ndee/ndele’, ‘ashike’,

‘shaashi’

Okutunga omatumbulo

mapu


pakukwatakanifa

omatumbulo to longifa

oikwatakanifitya oyo tai

ulike efimbo/eshikulafano

shotete, sha landula ko,

ndee, mangha, tete, konima

Okulongifa

eemhango

detwokumwe

omuningi

noshityalonga ng:

Okakadona ohaka

danauka., Oukadona

ohava danauka.

Okulongifa eemhango

detwokumwe omuningi

noshityalonga ng:

Ombwa ohai nangala

polukolongo., Eembwa

ohadi nangala

polukolongo.

Okulongifa eemhango

detwokumwe omuningi

noshityalonga ng: Ondjaba

ohai linyengifa omukati

wayo., Eendjaba ohadi

linyengifa omikati dado.

Okulongifa oitya-

efelo ohandi dulu’

tashi holola okudula

na ‘otashi shiiva’/

‘oto dulu’/ ‘otashi

dulika’ to pula

epitikilo/eefelo

Okulongifa oitya-efelo

‘ohandi dulu’ ta shi

holola okudula na

‘otashi shiiva/otashi

dulika’ to pula

epitikilo/eefelo; ‘ou na

tashi holola omhumbwe

Okulongifa oitya-efelo

ohandi dulu’, ‘otashi

shiiva/otashi dulika’.

;ondi/ou na okushi ninga’ na

‘ngeeno ota ningi’

Okulongifa

oityauhapu ng:

shinini, shihapu,

shihapu unene,

shininini

Okulongifa oityauhapu

ng: shinini, shihapu,

shihapu unene,

shininini

Okulongifa oityauhapu ng:

shinini, shihapu, shihapu

unene, shininini,

shihapuhapu, imwepo,

keshe shimwe, kesheumwe,

aishe ivali

Okulongifa Okulongifa Okulongifa

26


ONGUDU/ONDODO

YA TETEKELA

ONDODO YOTETE


oityaponheleuliko;

eshi, ei, osho, oyo

oityaponheleuliko; eshi,

ei, osho, oyo

oityaponheleuliko; eshi, ei,

osho, oyo

OUNONGO WOKULIHONGA OITYA

Okudimbuluka oitya

yokanhokotya kamwe

noku tukula oitya

younhokotya ve li vavali

Okudimbuluka oitya

yokanhokotya kamwe noku

tukula oitya younhokotya ve

li vavali

Okutofa mo olifitya

mokushangwa ndee

oi/na efatululo la

yooloka nokuninga

omahoololo e/li

mondjila ngeenge tava

shange

ouhokololo/ondeshela

ng: ekende

Okutofa mo oilifitya

mokushangwa ndee oi na

efatululo la yooloka

nokuninga omahoololo e li

mondjila ngeenge tava

shange ouhokololo ile

ondeshela ng:

Okutofa mo oilifitya noku i

longifa mondjila ng: ongolo;

ongudi

Okutofa mo oitya

yanafangwa

youpashindume

noupashikadi ng:

okamati, okakadona

nsh,. t.

Okutofa mo oitya

youpashindume

noupashikadi oyo ya

pamba ovakwanedimo

ng: tate, meme nsh.t

Okutofa mo oitya

youpashindume

noupashikadi oyo ya pamba

ovanhu noinamwenyo

Okuweda ko oixuunini

‘afana’, ‘ela’omo

okushipela oshitya

shopehovelo itashi

lunduluka ng:

longafana, shangela

Okuweda/ko oixuunini

(faafanifa) ifa (kwafa) afana

(kunda) afana (popya) ifa

Okutofa mo (okutwifa

kumwe)

nokukwatakanifa

/itavelifanifa oitya ipu

yomutono umwe

noyomakondjifafano


kumwe)

nokukwatakanifa


yomutono umwe

noyomakondjifafano


kumwe) nokukwatakanifa


yomutono umwe

noyomakondjifafano

Okutumbula /shanga

eendada doitya yomikalo

27


ONGUDU/ONDODO

YA TETEKELA

ONDODO YOTETE


dokwaanya mondjila ng:

(aaye) ahowe

Okufatulula nokulongifa

oipopiwamayele ipu ng: To

nhuka omufuwa u ka lyate

eyoka.

Tunga oityadina i

shiivike nawa

pauhapu ng:

oshikombo =

oikombo, oshimaliwa

= oimaliwa

Tunga oityadina i

shiivike nawa pauhapu

ng: oshikombo =

oikombo, oshimaliwa =

oimaliwa

Tunga oityadina i shiivike

nawa pauhapu ng:

oshikombo = oikombo,

oshimaliwa = oimaliwa

Yandja oupashihapu

woityadina oyo hai

lunduluka ng:

omuhongwa

(ovahongwa); okaana

(ounona)

Yandja oupashihapu

woityadina oyo hai

lunduluka ng: omuhongwa

(ovahongwa); okaana

(ounona)

OMIKALO DOKUSHIPELA

Okutumbula omawi

eendada doitya ipu

taku longifwa eshiivo

lekwatafano pokati

kondada newi layo

Okutumbula omawi

eendada doitya ipu

taku longifwa eshiivo

lekwatafano pokati

kondada newi layo

Okutumbula omawi

eendada doitya ipu taku

longifwa eshiivo

lekwatafano pokati kondada

newi layo

Okutukula oitya taku

longifwa ounhokotya

vopehovelo, pokati

netulokumwe

leendada ng:

okulesha o-ku-le-sha

nsh.t


longifwa ounhokotya

vopehovelo, pokati

netulokumwe leendada

nounhokotya


longifwa ounhokotya

vopehovelo, pokati

netulokumwe leendada

nounhokotya

Okufindolola

meendada, okutapa

nokutunga po oitya,

noitya oyo ya/sha/hai

longifwa luhapu ng:

eta, ko, meme, na,

apa, tala, ame, ove,

tate

Okufindolola

meendada, okutapa

nokutunga po oitya i

tungepo oitya ipe, noi li

pamufika woitya

ya/sha/hai longifwa

luhapu ng: imwe po,

konima, lumwe, okwa li,

openi

Okufindolola meendada,

okutapa nokulongifa

oudano voku dimbulukifa

oku tumbula eendada

doitya ipe mondjila

pamufika woitya ya/sha/hai

longifwa luhapu ng: shoye,

ino, shavo

Okutala nawa

nokutongolola oitya

Okutala nawa

nokutongolola oitya

Okutala nawa

nokutongolola oitya nhumbi

28


ONGUDU/ONDODO

YA TETEKELA

ONDODO YOTETE


nhumbi ya shangwa

notai monika i li

ngahelipi: okutala

nawa nokutongolola

eemhatolona, oule

woitya, omitungilo

doitya nomaukwatya

moitya ng: outya

vanini ve li moitya

inene

nhumbi ya shangwa

notai monika i li

ngahelipi: okutala nawa

nokutongolola

eemhatolona, oule

woitya, omitungilo

doitya nomaukwatya

moitya ng:

eenghwambali,

noupashihapu

ya shangwa notai monika i li

ngahelipi: okutala nawa

nokutongolola

eemhatolona, oule woitya,

omitungilo doitya

nomaukwatya moitya ng:

eenghwambali,

neenghwanhatu noixuunini

Okweeta po omikalo dimwe

po dokushipela taku

hoololwa po oshitya shimwe

osho shi li mondjila

Okuyukifa kemboitya

lomafano la ningwa

komunhu mwene,

omalufo okupopya

oitya, omakalata

oitya, omashangelo

mongulu yofikola

nokupula ovahongi

novakulunhu vamwe

va kwafele

Okuyukifa kemboitya

lomafano la ningwa

komunhu mwene,

omalufo okupopya

oitya, omakalata oitya,

omashangelo mongulu

yofikola nokupula

ovahongi novakulunhu

vamwe va kwafele

Okuyukifa kemboitya

lomafano la ningwa

komunhu mwene, omalufo

okupopya oitya, omakalata

oitya, omashangelo

mongulu yofikola nokupula

ovahongi, ovakulunhu

novahongwa vakwao va

kwafele

Okulongifa omikalo

ngaashi: tala,

tumbula, pwipwika,

dimbulukwa, shanga,

ndele to konakona,

opo ve lihonge oitya

melikalekelo

Okulongifa omikalo

ngaashi: tala, tumbula,

pwipwika, dimbulukwa,

shanga, ndele to

konakona, opo ve

lihonge oitya

melikalekelo

Okulongifa omikalo

ngaashi: tala, tumbula,

pwipwika, dimbulukwa,

shanga, ndele to konakona,

opo ve lihonge oitya

melikalekelo

ELONGIFO LEEMHANGO DOKUSHIPELA

Ehengumukilomumwe/

Oulitumbuli ohava kana

po filufilu ile va faafane

ngeenge hatu/popi ng:

nawanawa-naanaa,

oshiunda-oshuunda,

ohandi-ohai

Oulitumbuli ohava kana po

filufilu ile va faafane

ngeenge hatu popi ng:

oshilishili-oshiishili,

oshiumbo-oshuumbo,

menhuove-menhoove,

kaana ove-kaanaave

Moshitya menhu-ove ‘u’ oya

ninga ‘o’ nomoshitya kaana

29


ONGUDU/ONDODO

YA TETEKELA

ONDODO YOTETE


ove ‘o’ ya ‘ove; oya ninga ‘a’

ndee tashi eta po

oulitumbuli vale ng:

menhoove, kaanaave

‘o; komesho ‘u’ kakele

konima ‘e’ ashike ngeenge

ashike tashi/tumbulwa

ngaashi momuti ng: ...

Okulifola ondada

yaxuuninwa mangha inaku

wedwa oshixuunini moitya

yokanhokotya ka xula

nokalitumbuli kaxupi ng:

nuka-nukaanuka

EPAIFEFIMBO NEPITAFIMBO LANAFANGWA /LONGAHO

Okulongifa epaifefimbo

longaho nepitafimbo

(okupopya ashike) ta

hokolola omalinyengo

ta longifa omaludi

oityalonga

Okulundulula

omatumbulo taa di

mepaifefimbo

lanafangwa taa tulwa

mepitafimbo

lanafangwa ng: Ota

nhuka.=Okwa

nhuka.; Ota

nangala.=Okwa

nangala.

Okulundulula

omatumbulo taa di

mepaifefimbo


mepitafimbo

lanafangwa ng: Ota

lotoka.=Okwa lotoka.;

Ota pula=Okwa pula

Okulundulula omatumbulo

taa di mepaifefimbo


mepitafimbo lanafangwa ng:

Ota tyava.=Okwa tyava.

Okulundulula

oityalonga tai di

mepaifefimbo

lanafangwa tai tulwa

mepitambo molupe

leanyo ng: Ota li= Ita

li.; Okwa lya. = Ina

lya.

Okulundulula

oityalonga tai di

mepaifefimbo

lanafangwa tai tulwa

mepitambo molupe

leanyo ng: Ota li= Ita li.

Okwa lya = Ina lya,

Okulundulula oityalonga tai

di mepaifefimbo lanafangwa

tai tulwa mepitambo molupe

leanyo ng: Ota li= Ita li.

Okwa lya. = lna lya.

Okulundulula

oityalonga tai di

mepaifefimbo

lanafangwa tai/tulwa

mepitafimbo

lanafangwa molupe

leanyo

Okulundulula

oityalonga tai di

mepaifefimbo

lanafangwa taitulwa

mepitafimbo

lanafangwa molupe

leanyo

Okulundulula oityalonga tai

di mepaifefimbo lanafangwa

taitulwa mepitafimbo

lanafangwa molupe leanyo

9. Oshikalimo shelihongo

Ovahongwa vondodo 1 ove na okuninga oinyangadalwa yelilongekidilofikola oule woivike itano moshikako shotete shomudo omanga ehongo la

longekidwa inali hovela. Tala kOmufindahongo wElilongekidilofikola yoo/vene: Oivike 5 wa/nyanyangidwa kuNIED 2011 .

OWINO/OSHIPALANYOLE ONDODO 1 ONDODO 2 ONDODO 3

OKUPWILIKINA NOKUNYAMUKULA

Moupunaitya u li lwopo 2000 Moupunaitya u li lwopo 3000 Moupunaitya u li lwopo 4000


nokunyamukula/ngaashi

tashi wapalele

Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka pwilikina nelitulemo nokunyamukula ta-va ulike eudeko la pumbiwa

Omapyokoko Ovahongwa va dule oku:



pwilikina nelitulemo komahokololo, oiimbo/eengovela nomaimbilo taa wapalele ve lihafife, nokunyamukula netumba, tava holola omaliudo avo pakunyamukula koiningwanima nokovanyandi mehokololo

- kundafana nokunyamukula omapulo komahokololo, oiimbo nomaimbilo,

hokololulula omahokololo e li pamufika wondodo/wongudu, mwa kwatela omanenediladilo ehokololo to longifa omafano ile omalinyengo melandulafano li li mondjila

pwilikina nelitulemo komahokololo, oiimbo/eengovela nomaimbilo taa wapalele ve lihafife, nokunyamukula netumba, tava holola omaliudo avo pakunyamukula koiningwanima novanyandi mehokololo

- kundafana nokunyamukula omapulo komahokololo, koyiimbo nokomaimbilo,

hokololulula omahokololo e li pamufika wondodo/wongudu, mwa kwatela omanenediladilo ehokololo to longifa omafano ile omalinyengo melandulafano li li nawa

pwilikina nelitulemo komahokololo, oiimbo/eengovela nomaimbilo, eengano noiyolifa/ominghenyewa taa wapalele ve lihafife, nokunyamukula netumba, tava holola omaliudo avo pakunyamukula koiningwanima nokovanyandi mehokololo

- kundafana oinyolwa, nyamukula omapulo nokuyandja ouyelele momatumbulo anafangwa nomomakupilikwatumbulo

- pwilikina keeradio neeTV/eeradio-mudidimbe (ngee otashi dulika)

hokololulula omahokololo e li pamufika wondodo/wongudu, mwa kwatela omanenediladilo ehokololo to longifa omafano ile omalinyengo melandulafano li li nawa

31



pwilikina nokunyamukula komalombwelo, omatumwalaka, omashiivifo nomauyelele opakanya

endulula eshikulafano lomatumbulo a 2 anafangwa e na/oitya i 4-5 e li mondjila ng: Ame ondi hole okapopifa kange. Ko oke/na oshikutu shitwima omafo.

pwilikina ndee tava nyamukula pakufaneka, pakumakauka, nokudanauka oinyandwa

ulika omikalo diwa doku pwilikina

- pwilikina komupopi nefimaneko, pehe na elidope- mo/epiyaaneko nokutalafana momesho eshi tava popi

- tala komaliudo avakwao nokunyamukula nomukalo muwa


endulula mondjila eshikulafano lomatumbulo a 3 anafangwa nekupilikwatumbulo limwe ng: Ame ondi na okambishi. Edina lako oFlafi. Ko ohaka li eemhuku. Ame ondi na okambishi haka ifanwa Flafi oha ka li eemhuku.

pwilikina ndee tava nyamukula pakufaneka, pakumakauka, nokudanauka oinyandwa

ulika omikalo diwa doku pwilikina - pwilikina komupopi nefimaneko,

ulika omaliudo nomalinyengo olutu taa wapalele nokutalafana momesho eshi tava popi

- tala komaliudo avakwao nokunyamukula pakuholola omaliudo avo vene momukalo muwa


endulula mondjila eshikulafano lomatumbulo a 4 anafangwa ile ekupilikwatumbulo limwe netumbulo limwe lanafangwa ng: Odula oya lokelea nge mondjila yokuya keumbo. Oikutu yange okwa li ya tuta. Okwa li ndi udite outalala. Onde li-kosha nomeva mapyu. Odula oya lokela nge mondjila yokuya keumbo noikutu yange okwali ya tuta. Okwali ndi/udite outalala.

pwilikina ndee tava nyamukula pakufaneka, pakumakuuka, nokudanauka oinyandwa

ulika omikalo diwa doku pwilikina - pwilikina komupopi nefimaneko,

ulika omaliudo nomalinyengo olutu taa wapalele nokutalafana momesho eshi tava popi

- tala komadilaadilo avakwao nokunyamukula pakutwa kumwe ile pakuhatwakumwe noku holola omaliudo avo vene

32



- kwatafana navakwao pakukundafana /paenghundafana, pakudanauka oinyandwa, pakuhopaenena, pakumakauka, pakuimba nokupopya, tava longifa omilandu tadi wapalele ng: okupaafana omalufo okupopya

- kwatafana navakwao pakukundafana /paenghundafana, pakudanauka oinyandwa, pakuhopaenena, okumakauka, pakuimba, pakuhokololulula nokupopya, tava longifa omilandu tadi wapalele ng: okupaafana omalufo okupopya, okupula omapulo omayelifilo

- ulika olukeno koufemba nokomaliudo avakwao, va twe kumwe/va ha twe kumwe nombili, tava yandje omawedelepo nomafanekodiladilo

- kwatafana navakwao pakukundafana/paenghundafa-na, pakudanauka oinyandwa, pakuhopaenena, pakumakauka, pakuimba, pakuhokololulula nokupopya, tava longifa omikalo tadi wapalele ng: okupaafana omalufo okupopya, okupula omapulo omayelifilo nokuninga omawedelepo kwaasho va uda

- ulika olukeno koufemba nokomaliudo avakwao, va twe kumwe/va ha twe kumwe nombili, tava yandje omawedelepo nomafanekodiladilo ilo okufatulula moule omadiladilo nokuyandja enyamukulo

OKUPOPYA NOKUKWATAFANA

Okupopya nelaka tali

fenunguta

nonelineekelomwene

Elalakano lelihongo Ovahongwa otava ka kwatafana nelaka tali fenunguta, nelineekelo-mwene nonelifefifo




popya itava kakatele, nelineekelomwene, tava holola omadiladilo neshiivo lavo, tava longifa oitya yomalinyengo tai wapalele ondodo yavo ng:

- okutunga eenhumba domalinyengo elaka ng. Okudja kolumosho wa finda kolulyo,

popya ita kakatele, nelineekelomwene, tava holola omadiladilo neshiivo lavo, tava longifa oitya yomalinyengo tai wapalele ondodo yavo

- longifa omikalo dokukwatafana

popya ita kakatele, nelineekelomwene, tava holola omadiladilo avo vene neshiivo tava longifa oitya yomalinyengo tai wapalele ondodo yavo

- longifa omikalo dokukwatafana

33



okudja pombada wa finda pedu - longifa omilandu dokukwatafana

nomalinyengo olutu (okupopya nomesho, okudeuka momukalo muwa wokukala omutumba nawa), opo va kwatafane nawa, okunongela omayooloko omifyuululwakalo

longifa elaka lefiku keshe nokuhakakadala, nomaliudo nomutono nokutumbula oitya mondjila

- longifa owino/eshiivo leemhango delaka noupunaitya ngeenge tava popi

- lideula elongifo loupunaitya (oitya) ipe

- kanghama ke-xulilo letumbulo

longifa omukalofimaneko ngeenge tava popifafana, tava pula epitikilo/eefelo, okupandula, okuyandja ombili nokulitongomona ye mwene

nomalinyengo olutu (okupopya nomesho, okudeuka momukalo muwa wokukala omutumba nawa), okukwatafana nawa, okunongela omayooloko omifyuululwakalo



- lideula elongifo loupunaitya (oitya) ipe nokufatulula eshi ta-i ti

- kanghama kexulilo letumbulo - yelula omutono/ondaka ngeenge to

pula epulo - mwena po ngeenge to popi oinima i

li momusholondodo momatumbulo

longifa omukalofimaneko ngeenge tava popifafana, tava pula epitikilo/eefelo, okupandula, okuyandja ombili nokulitongomona ye mwene

nomalinyengo olutu (okupopya nomesho, okudeuka momukalo muwa wokukala omutumba nawa), okukwatafana nawa, okunongela omayooloko omifyuululwakalo



- lideula elongifo loupunaitya (oitya) ipe nokufatulula ashi t- i ti

- kanghama kexulilo letumbulo - yelula omutono/ondaka ngeenge to

pula epulo - mwena po ngeenge to popi oinima i

li momusholondodo momatumbulo - lundulula omutono wondaka va ulike

okuingida ile eliudo - longifa nokutumbula oitya mondjila

longifa omukalofimaneko ngeenge tava popifafana, tava pula epitikilo/eefelo, okupandula, okuyandja ombili nokulitongomona yee mwene

Omalalakano elaka Elalakano lelihongo

34



Ovahongwa ota-va ka longifa nawa elaka li li mondjila nonomalalakano a yooloka




hokolola omahokololo tava longifa omatumbulo anafangwa nomutungilo welaka u li mondjila

- mepitafimbo lanafangwa

imba oiimbo pamadengo nokuimba omaimbilo

- danauka oudano wokulihonga elaka ng: Simon okwati (mepitafimbo longaho)

dimbuluka oiningwanima yo-paumwene

- longifa epitafimbo lanafangwa - hokolola oshiningwanima no-

shidjemo ng: Onda lya unene (sha/ningwa) onghee onda li hadi vele ofi.

hokolola omahokololo alongekidwa naao inaa longekidwa tava longifa omatumbulo mapu nomakupilikwatumbulo nomutungilo welaka u li mondjila


imba oiimbo pamadengo, outevo, outevo hava mange elaka, nokuimba omaimbilo

- danauka oudano wokulihonga elaka

dimbuluka oiningwanima yopaumwene neenghundana doiningwanima yefiku keshe

- longifa epitafimbo longaho/lanafangwa

- hokolola oyeetifi noilanduli (ediladilo kutya oshinima shimwe

hokolola omahokololo alongekidwa naao inaa longekidwa tava longifa omatumbulo mapu nomakupilikwatumbulo nomutungilo welaka u li mondjilo


imba oiimbo pamadengo, eengano, ninga oiyolifa/ominghenyewa, hokolola outevo, imba omaimbilo kufa ombinga meenghundafana da nafangwa doovavali

- danauka oudano wokulihonga elaka

- kufa ombinga meenghundafana danafangwa doovavali ng: eenghundafana pokati komulandi nomulandifi

dimbuluka oiningwanima yopaumwene neenghundana doiningwanima yefiku keshe, noku holola omaliuddo avo vene kombinga yado

- longifa epitafimbo longaho/lanafangwa

35



(oshilanduli/oshidjemo)

hokolola oshinima ile oshinamwenyo ile oshiningwanima

- ulika nokuhokolola, eenghundana defiku

- longifa epaifefimbo lanafangwa/longaho ng: Onghili ei,oshitekulwanamwenyo shange. Edina layo oTomas. Ohai li oimeno.

- hokolola omafaafano nomayooloko/omaulili ng: Oluvala lefo eli ola faafana naalo

- longifa epaifefimbo tali twikile ng: Ame ondi na oshivilo shedalo mexuliloshivike.

- longifa epitafimbo lanafangwa/longaho ng: Onda mona oshi. Yo oya li ya kula.

- longifa eteelelwafimbo, ng: Ame ohandi ka wanifa eedula heyali mongula

fatulula pakutonga pauxupi nhumbi oinima hai longo

otashi etifa po oshinima shikwao), ng: Ombwa oya pombola po olukaku lange, (oshietifi), onghee paife ohai ka landa epando lipe leenghaku (oshilanduli)

hokolola oshinima ile oshinamwenyo ile oshiningwanima/eshiivo

- ulika nokuhokolola, eenghundana defiku

- longifa epaifefimbo lanafangwa/longaho

- hokolola omafaafano nomayooloko/omaulili ng: Mumwamemekadona oku na eexwiki dile ngaashi dange ashike do odi laula.

- longifa epaifefimbo tali twikile ng: Fye ohatu talele po meekulu moshivike tashi uya

- longifa epitafimbo lanafangwa/longaho ng: Onghela ame onda ile keumbo lameeMaria

- longifa eteelelwafimbo, ng: Ame ohandi ka lotoka/tondoka momafiyafano mongula.

fatulula nokutonga pauxupi nhumbi oinima hai longo

- hokolola oyeetifi noilanduli (ediladilo kutya oshinima shimwe otashi etifa po oshinima shikwao), ng: Fye inatu mona odula ihapu unene (oshietifi), onghee itatu ka mona eteyo liwa. (oshilanduli)

hokolola oshinima ile oshinamwenyo ile oshiningwanima

- eenghundana defiku - longifa epaifefimbo

lanafangwa/longaho - hokolola omafaafano

nomayooloko/omaulili ng: Ongalangobe oya fa hanga Oholongo ashike yo oya kula i dule oholongo noi na eembinga da yooloka kwaadi dOholongo

- longifa epaifefimbo tali twikile ng: Fye ohatu talelapo meekulu moshivike tashi uya

- longifa epitafimbo lanafangwa/longaho ng: Onghela ame onda ile keumbo lameeMaria

- longifa eteelelwafimbo, ng: Fye ohatu ka ya kofaalama/kohambo mongula

fatulula pakutonga pauxupi nhumbi oinima hai longo ile okuyandja

36



- longifa epaifefimbo lanafangwa/longaho ng: Okahauto kange kokadanaukifo ohake linyenge ngeenge handi ka undula. Ko oke na oulola hava ende/ko

pula omapulo va mone ouyelele - longifa epaifefimbo

lanafangwa/longaho tava longifa oityapulo, olye, oshike, onaini, omolwashike

nyamukula omapulo tava longifa omatumbulo mapu/anafangwa noku longifa elaka li li mondjila

- tunga omapulotumbulo okunyamukulwa heeno ile ahowe, nyamukula nokuyandja omatumbulo e/li molupe leanyo

- longifa epaifefimbo lanafangwa/longaho ng: Ombashikela ohai longo ngeenge wa undula eetalapa nomaulu ohaa dingonoka.

shivifila pakupopya omukalo wonhumba mu-pu wokuninga oshinima

- longifa epaifefimbo lanafangwa/longaho ng: Ame onda hala ndi ku lombwele nhumbi to kunu ombuto/onhi to ningi oshikuki/ to danauka okaudano

pula omapulo va mone ouyelele - longifa epaifefimbo

lanafangwa/longaho tava longifa oityapulo, olye, oshike, onaini, omolwashike

nyamukula omapulo tava longifa omatumbulo mapu /anafangwa nomakupilikwatumbulo tava longifa omutungilo welaka u li mondjila

- tunga omapulotumbulo okunyamukulwa heeno ile ahowe,

omauyelele pamaudi/pakuudika - longifa epaifefimbo

lanafangwa/longaho ng: Okamwiyo keemhuku ohaka longo ngaha

shivifila pakulpopya omukalo wonhumba mupu wokuninga oshinima

- longifa epaifefimbo lanafangwa/longaho ng: Oikangwameva osho hai ningi ngaha ngeenge we i ndjeneke

konga ouyelele pakupula omapulo pakanya nelalakano lonhumba

- longifa epaifefimbo lanafangwa/longaho ng: pula ovanhu keumbo nhumbi oikulya hai tuvikilwa

nyamukula omapulo tava longifa omatumbulo mapu /anafangwa nomakupilikwatumbulo tava longifa omutungilo welaka u li mondjila

- tunga omapulotumbulo okunyamukulwa heeno ile ahowe, nyamukula nokuyandja

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ng: Ouhole ouleke? Eheno, ame ondi hole ouleke. Ahowe, ame kandi hole ouleke.

nyamukula nokuyandja omatumbulo e/li molupe leanyo ng: Owa lotokela keumbo? Eheno, onda tondokela keumbo Ahowe, inandi lotokela keumbo

yandja/tonga eliudo - longifa epaifefimbo lanafangwa to

yandje etomhelno, ng: Ame ondi hole (kaume/kahewa kange) shaashi (oha danauka naame)

omatumbulo e/li molupe leanyo

yandja/tonga eliudo - longifa epaifefimbo lanafangwa to

yandje etomhelno, ng: Ame ondi hole (omai) shaashi (omawa unene) Ame ohandi dilaadila (tu kwate nawa omeva) shaashi (eendama detu odi li pokupwiinina)

yandja omalombwelo - Inda u ka danauke pondje - Efe nge - Wapalekeni ongulu mangha, inamu

ya komaumb

Okulongekida

nokuyandja omauyelele

Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka longekida nokuyandja omauyelele




longekida nokuyandja eenghundana defiku tava ulike olye, oshike, onaini, openi ng: Fye na tate (olye) otwa ile komukunda wopoushiinda (openi) oshivike sha dja ko (onaini) notwa etelela ko oshako yomapungu eshi twa aluka (oshike).

longekida nokuyandja oshipopiwa shipu/shanafangwa tava ulike olye, oshike, onaini, openi nomolwashike, ehovelo, olutu nexulilo

- longifa oipalanyole yeli kalekelwa

yandja oipopiwa ya longekidwa pauxupi tava ulike olye, oshike, onaini, openi nomolwashike; ehovelo, olutu nexulilo; oilongifo i wetike, omikalo dihapu do ku hokwifa ovapwilikini, ng: okutala kovapwilikini nsh.t

OKULESHA NOKUNONGONONA

38



Owino woku yoolola

pakutala nopakuuda

Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka ulika eewino/owino mokuninga oinima ya yooloka

OKUNONGONONA NOKULESHA




ulika owino wokuyoolola pakutala:

- okutala nokuyoolola - okutala nokushikulafanifa - okuhoolola omafano e/lifa mu-

amwe e li li - okutala komufolomo wa faafana - okutala nokukoneka - okutala nokundjadjukununa

nokunongonona

ulika owino woku-yoolola pa-ku uda ko:

- okuuda nokuyoolola - okuuda nokushikulafanifa - okuuda nokukoneka - okuuda nokundjadjukununa

nokunongonona - okukwatakanifa okuuda

nokutala

ulika owino wokuyoolola pakutala: - okutala nokuyoolola - okutala nokushikulafanifa - okutala pafano lo mola

nokuyoolola - okutala to konenene - okutala nokukoneka - okutala nokundjadjukununa noku

nongonona

ulika owino woku-yoolola pa-ku udako:

- okuuda nokuyoolola - okuuda nokushikulafanifa - okuuda nokukoneka - okuuda nokundjadjukununa

nokunongonona - okukwatakanifa okuuda nokutala

ulika owino wokuyoolola pakutala: - okutala nokuyoolola - okutala nokushikulafanifa - okutala pafano lo mola nokuyoolola - okutala to konenene - okutala nokukoneka - okutala nokundjadjukununa noku

nongonona

ulika owino wokuyoolola pa-ku uda/ko:

- okuuda nokuyoolola - okuuda nokushikulafanifa - okuuda nokukoneka - okuuda nokuya pexulilo - okuuda nokundjadjukununa

nokunongonona - okukwatakanifa okuuda nokutala

Eshiivo lomawindada

noku a tumbula nawa

Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka ulika eshiivo lavo lomawindada noku a tumbula nawa

Omapyokoko Omapyokoko Omapyokoko

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Ovahongwa va dule oku: Ovahongwa va dule oku: Ovahongwa va dule oku:

valula oitya momaimbulo, nokunhuka po ile okupingenifa po oitya momatumbulo ng: Ame onda lotokela keumbo (pingena po ‘lotokela’ na ‘nukila’)

pandula nokuvalula ounhokotya moitya

tofa mo omadengo oitya a/faafana mongovela nomaimbilo ng: Omushamane Tavati, e na eumbo lomiti, la/dikwa po kovamati

tofa mo oitya oyo i na omawi eendada e na oulitumbuli vaxupi ng: ila, inda, eta

tofa mo oitya oyo i na omawi eendada e na oulitumbuli vale ng: Okwooko, omweenge, omwoongo, omuuva nsh.t

pingena po oityadina nokulundulula elandulafano loitya metumbulo opo shi lundulule elityo letumbulo ng: Okakadona ka handuka oka taa taa okambwa.Ombwa ya handuka oya taa taa okakadona

tofa mo nokuvalula ounhokotya moitya yanafangwa

dima po nokupingena po ounhokotya moitya va ete po elityo lipe ile elityo itali ti sha ng: tya ‘omuhongifikola’, paife shi tonga shihe na ‘omuhongi’

tofa mo oitya yomadengo a/faafana meengovela nomomaimbilo ng: ombwii tai mbwabwila yokeulu

yoolola pokati komawi ouliumbuli vaxupi naavo vale moitya yokanhokotya kamwe, ng:

tofa mo omawi eendada dopehovelo nodokexulilo moitya yokanhokotya kamwe noku pingena po omawi eendada u

tamununa omatumbulo tava weda/mo oitya/ouyelele ng: Ye oha nangala kombete. Ye alushe oha nangala kombete ya/kula keumbo lange

tofa mo nokuvalula ounhokotya moitya younhokotya vahapu

dima po nokupingena po ounhokotya moitya va ete po oitya ipe ile oitya ihe na elityo lasha

tofa mo nokupingena po omadengo oitya a/faafana mongovela nomomaimbilo ng: Omushamane Tavati, e na eumbo lomiti la/dikwa po kovamati

yoolola pokati komawi oulitumbuli vaxupi naavo vale moitya younhokotya vahapu ng: ombiibeli: ‘i’ yotete okalitumbuli kale, ‘i’ yokexulilo okalitumbuli kaxupi, oraamata: ‘a’ yotete okaliumbuli kale,’a’ onhivali noyokexulilo

40



tofa mo omawi eendada dopehovelo moitya yokanhokotya kamwe noku pingena po omawi eendada u tunge po oitya ipe ng: Tumbula oshitya ‘mana, ponhele ya ‘m’ tya ‘d’ (dana); tumbula oshitya toola, ponhele ya ‘t’ tya ‘k’ (koola), tumbula oshitya ‘vema’, ponhele ya ‘v’ tya ‘t’ (tema) nsh.t

dimbuluka nokueta po omaendululo ewi lotete moitya ng: kakoko kakakoko kokola kombiya

tunge po oitya ipe ng: Tumbula oshitya ‘mana, ponhele ya ‘m’ tya ‘t’ (tana); Tumbula oshitya ‘hala’, ponhele ya ‘a’ tya ‘o’ (halo)

dimbuluka noku eta po omaendululo ewi lotete moitya ng: Tate tuma Timo

mangela kumwe nokutukula oitya pokati/mounhokotya/mwa kwatelwa eendada mbali (eenghwambali) noku i/lesha ng: sh-anga

okalitumbuli kaxupi,

tofa mo omawi eendada dopehovelo, dopokati,nodokexulilo moitya yokanhokotya kamwe noku pingena po omawi eendada

dimbuluka noku eta po okulifola kwomawi eendada momatmbulo, ng: Fiina ta fifa naFeni ta Fulula

mangela kumwe nokutukula oitya pokati/mounhokotya/mwa kwatelwa eendada mbali (eenghwambali) noku i/lesha ng: ndjo-djomona

Omikalo dokuunganeka

oinyolwa

Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka ulika eudeko lomikalo dokuunganeka oinyolwa




landula oitya okudja kolumosho lesha omashangelo okudja lesha omashangelo okudja

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wa finda kolulyo, okudja pombada wa finda pedu, nokulandula epandja nepandja

- deula enhumba domesho - dimbuluka kutya omishangwa

odi na elityo, oda kalela po elaka ha-li popiwa noitya oya tukulwa pokati keemhwaka

- dimbulukwa edina laye mwene noutya vapu, ‘nokulesha’ inashi teelelwa momidingonoko davo ng: edidiliko ILA MO

- dimbulukwa oukwatya wetumbulo ngaashi: ondada yotete yoshitya shotete metumbulo oya kula, noshileshifo shokexulilo letumbulo

- tofa mo oshipalanyole shembo

ulika omukalo muwa wokukwata embo, ng: okukwata embo la yukilila, okudimbuluka oshipeko shokomesho noshokonima yembo, okupenuna omapandja noukeka

kolumosho wa finda kolulyo, okudja pombada wa finda pedu, nokulandula epandja nepandja

- deula enhumba domesho - dimbuluka kutya omishangwa odi

na elityo, oda kalela po elaka ha-li popiwa noitya oya tukulwa pokati keemhwaka

- tofa mo oileshifo ya fimana mokushanga

- tofa mo oshipalanyole shembo, omafano, omushangi, nomufaneki

ulika omukalo muwa wokukwata embo, ng: okukwata embo la yukilila, okudimbuluka oshipeko shokomesho noshokonima yembo, okupenuna omapandja noukeka

kolumosho wa finda kolulyo, okudja pombada wa finda pedu, nokulandula epandja nepandja

- deula enhumba domesho - dimbuluka kutya omishangwa odi

na elityo, oda kalela po elaka ha-li popiwa noitya oya tukulwa pokati keemhwaka

- tofa mo oileshifo ya/fimana mokushanga

- longifa omikalo dokulongekida oinyolwa ngaashi elandulafano loikalimo, oyuulikifo nou-palanyole vanini

- tofa mo oshipalanyole shembo, oipalanyole yoshikalimo shembo, omafano, omushangi, nomufaneki

ulika omukalo muwa wokukwata embo, ng: okukwata embo la yukilila, okudimbuluka oshipeko shembo shokomesho noshokonima, okupenuna omapandja noukeka

Ehongomawi (Ehongo

leendada nomawi ado)

Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka dimbuluka nokulongifa eshiivo leendada nomawi ado ngee tava lesha oitya oyo i shiivike


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dimbuluka omadina nomawi eendada nelandulafano leendada moalfabeta

- omawi nomadina oulitumbuli - omawi neendada douwedwa - ongela oitya pakutala kondada

yopehovelo loshitya ng: lela, longa, lunga nsh.t

lesha oitya yeendada nhatu i na oulitumbuli vaxupi ng: i-l-a, i-n-a, e-t-a, e-k-a, o-n-o

lesha mondjila oitya i shiivike nawa ya hovela neenghwambali i/li pamufika wondodo/wongudu yavo, ng: nh, sh, py, tw, y, dj

- ongela oitya pa (shilaula, shi..)

lesha mondjila oitya i shiivike nawa yopamufika wondodo yavo i na ouwedwa noulitumbuli vavali ng: sh, nd, ee, ii, ng

- ongela oitya pamawi a/faafana, okushanga kwa/faafana/okushipela kwa/faafana (kula, pula, fela, pela)

dimbuluka omadina nomawi eendada nelandulafano leendada moalfabeta

- omawi nomadina oulitumbuli - omawi neendada douwedwa - ongela oitya pakutala kondada

yopehovelo loshitya ng: tala, tula, tila

lesha oitya yeendada nhatu ina oulitumbuli vaxupi ng: e-f-a, u-l-a, e-t-a,

lesha mondjila oitya i shiivike nawa ya hovela neenghwambali ili pamufika wondodo/wongudu yavo, ng: kw, mw, py, fy,

- ongela oitya pa (koka, kola,kela)

lesha oitya i shiivike nawa ya hovela neendada nhatu (neenghwanhatu), ng: ngh, ndj, ndw, ngw, mbw

- ongela oitya pa

lesha mondjila oitya i shiivike nawa yopamufika wondodo yavo i na ouwedwa noulitumbuli vavali

dimbuluka omadina nomawi eendada nelandulafano leendaa moalfabeta

- omawi nomadina oulitumbuli - omawi neendada douwedwa

lesha mondjila oitya i shiivike nawa ya hovela neenghwambali ili pamufika wondodo/wongudu yavo, ng: kw, mw, py, fy,

- ongela oitya pa

lesha oitya i shiivike nawa ya hovela neendada nhatu (neenghwanhatu), ng: ngh, ndj, ndw, ngw, mbw

- ongela oitya pa

lesha mondjila oitya i shiivike nawa yopamufika wondodo yavo i na ouwedwa noulitumbuli vavali ng:

43



- danauka omaudano okukoneka nokudimbuluka oitya; okutofa/mo nokutwifa kumwe oitya; twifa oitya kumwe momatumbulo tava/longifa outendo, omaimbilo, omadengo (rhymes) nomakalata

lesha mondjila oitya i shiivike nawa i li pamufika wondodo yavo ina eenghwambali ng: naini, paife, (okulihonga efatululo loshitya eenghwambali inashi pumbiwa nande nande)

ng: kw, py, ty, dj - ongela oitya pamawi a/faafana,

okushanga kwa/faafana/okushipela kwa/faafana (tuka, puka, nuka)

- danauka omaudano okulesha nookulihonga oitya

lesha mondjila oitya i shiivike nawa yopamufika wondodo yavo ya hovela neendada nhatu (neenghwanhatu)

lesha mondjila oitya ishiivike nawa i na omawi oulitumbuli vavali ili pamufika wondodo yavo, ng: laula, faula, (okulihonga efatululo loshitya eenghwambali inashi pumbiwa nande nande)

kw, py, ty, dj - ongela oitya pamawi a/faafana,

okushanga kwa/faafana/okushipela kwa/faafana (oshipundi, otundi, omupindi)

- danauka omaudano okulesha nookulihonga oitya

lesha mondjila oitya i shiivike nawa yopamufika wondodo yavo ya hovela neendada nhatu (neenghwanhatu) (engongwa, ongwe,omukwiyu)

lesha mondjila oitya i shiivike nawa yopamufika wondodo yavo ya/hovela neendada nhee (neenghwanhe) (Onghwate, Nghwiyu)

- ongela oitya pmhatolona yeendada, omawi eendada dayooloka (Nanghwe, Nghwiyu,Oghwate)

lesha mondjila oitya ishiivike nawa i na omawi oulitumbuli vavali ili pamufika wondodo yavo, ng: yeulula, youla, neudo (okulihonga efatululo loshitya eenghwambali inashi pumbiwa nande nande)

44



dimbuluka oupunaitya u li pamufika wongudu yavo nokudimbuluka oitya ya sha



Omikalo dokutopola oitya Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka longifa omikalo dokutopola oitya ngee tavalesha (va mone omalityo omafano nokutumbula

oitya mondjila nokumona elito loitya ihe shiivike nale)




tota po omahokololo taa di momambo omafano, ‘lesha’ embo tava totopo ehokololo tava longifa omafano ongo oinofweli

- tala omafano va dimbuluke oinima oyo yasha neshiivo olo eli vena nale

longifa eshiivo leendada nomawi ado ngeenge tava lesha oitya

tota po omahokololo taa di momambo omafano, ‘lesha’ embo tava totopo ehokololo tava longifa omafano ongo oinofweli

longifa eudeko lavo vene, ouyelele nowino wokutengeneka va kwatakanife oitya ihe shiivike nale nomafano, ng: Ehokololo eli otali popi kombinga yonghalo yomhepo. Oshitya eshi osha fa omhepo. Ehokololo otali yukileko tuu ngeenge handi lesha oshitya eshi ‘omhepo’?

longifa eshiivo leendada nomawi ado ngeenge tava lesha oitya oyo

tota po omahokololo taa di momambo omafano, ‘lesha’ embo tava toto po ehokololo tava longifa omafano ongo oinofweli

longifa eudeko lavo vene, ouyelele nowino wokutengeneka va kwatakanife oitya ihe shiivike nale nomafano, ng: Ehokololo eli otali popi kombinga yoinamwenyo. Oshitya eshi osha fa Ondjaba. Ehokololo otali ukileko tuu ngengee handi lesha oshitya eshi ‘Ondjaba’?

longifa eshiivo leendada nomawi ado ngeenge tava lesha oitya oyo

45



oyo vehe shii nale , ng: tumbula ewi londada limwe (omawi koolimwe) eengwambali, eenghwanhatu, nomawi oulitumbuli vavali (diphthongs)

- longifa omikalo

vehe shii nale , ng: tumbula ewi londada limwe (omawi koolimwe) eengwambali, eenghwanhatu, nomawi oulitumbuli vavali (diphthongs)

- longifa omikalo -

longifa omikalo dokuleshulula nodokulesha wa finda komesho

- leshululula opo va lesha nale va konge elityo nokudimbuluka oitya

- lesha va finda komesho tava nhuka po oitya i djuu /ihe shiivike nokulesha fiyo exulilo letumbulo, ve likolelela kenenediladilo loshinyolwa va udeko oshitya; va leshulule etumbulo

vehe shii nale , ng: tumbula ewi londada limwe (omawi koolimwe) eengwambali, eenghwanhatu,eenghwane, nomawi oulitumbuli vavali (diphthongs)

- longifa omikalo

longifa omikalo dokuleshulula nodokulesha wa finda komesho

- leshululula opo va lesha nale va konge elityo nokudimbuluka oitya

- lesha va finda komesho tava nhuka po oitya i djuu /ihe shiivike nokulesha fiyo exulilo letumbulo, ve likolelela kenenediladilo loshinyolwa va udeko oshitya; va leshulule etumbulo

Omikalo dokulesha

neudeko

Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka longifa omikalo dokulesha neudeko opo va udeko oinyolwa i li pomufika wondodo yavos


Omapyokoko Ovahongwa vadule oku:


longifa omikalo dokutunga po elityo/eudeko:

- longifa eshiivo nowino wopaumwene

- longifa omauyelele ngaashi oipalanyole, eendululo nomafano opo va tengeneke oiningwanima

longifa omikalo dokukaleka po elityo/eudeko:

- longifa eshiivo nowino wopaumwene

- longifa omauyelele ngaashi oipalanyole, eendululo nomafano opo va tengeneke oiningwanima

longifa omikalo dokukaleka po elityo/eudeko:

- longifa eshiivo nowino wopaumwene - longifa omauyelele ngaashi

oipalanyole, eendululo nomafano opo va tengeneke oiningwanima nomauyelele moshinyolwa

46



nomauyelele moshinyolwa nomauyelele moshinyolwa - lipula-mwene, lipukulula-mwene,

fuda po nokuleshulula outendo, opo va kaleke po elityo/eudeko

- lipula-mwene, lipukulula-mwene, fuda po noku leshulula outendo opo va kaleke po elityo/eliudo

Eudeko Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka ulika okulesha neudeko pakunyamukula nawa koinyolwa yoshili/ihe fi yoshili tava longifa oilongifo i wetike.(Eendodo 1-3: Ovahongwa nava leshelwe vo nava leshe)




lesha okahokololo kapu/kanafangwa/kongaho (kehe fi koshili) ndele tava hokololulula va ulike eudeko

lesha okahokololo kapu/kanafangwa/kongaho (kehe fi koshili) ndele tava danauka oshinyandwa va ulike eudeko

shikulafanifa omafano nomatumbulo a shangwa nale va ete po elandulafano liwa lehokololo

nyamukula (pakanya nopakushanga) omapulo she likwatelela komahokololo (ehefi oshili) noinyolwa yomauyelele

lesha okahokololo kapu/kanafangwa/kongaho (kehe fi koshili) ndele tava hokololulula va ulike eudeko


shikulafanifa omauyelele melandulafano liwa ng: omatumbulo/omafano va ninge ehokololo

nyamukula (pakanya nopakushanga) omapulo she likwatelela komahokololo (ehe fi oshili) noinyolwa yomauyelele (oshili), ng: omapulotumbulo a

lesha okahokololo, oiimbo noutevo ndele tava hokololulula va ulike eudeko


shikulafanifa omauyelele melandulafano liwa ng: omatumbulo, omafano, omilandu, ouresepi (recepies), nsh.t va ninge ehokololo

nyamukula (pakanya nopakushanga) omapulo she likwatelela komahokololo (ehe fi oshili) noilongifo ikwao i wetike (ng: Otv/radiomudidimbe, eekino,

47



(oshili), ng: omapulotumbulo a tameka na olye, oshike, onaini

nyamukula pakanya nokushanga taku longifwa omapulo taa shongo notaa pula ovahongwa va yandje omadiladilo omoule, she likwatelela koinyolwa, ng: omapulotumbulo alongifa ongahelipi, omolwashike

tameka na olye, oshike, onaini

nyamukula pakanya nokushanga taku longifwa omapulo taa shongo notaa pula ovahongwa va yandje omadiladilo omoule, she likwatelela koinyolwa, ng: omapulotumbulo alongifa ongahelipi, omolwashike

- tofa mo oyeetifi noilanduli mehokololo (omolwashike oshinima sha ningwa)

- nyamukula koshinyolwa pakuyandja omaliudo anafangwa kombinga yoiningwanima novanyandi mehokololo ng: Ame ohandi dilaadila kutya osha li shiwa eshi okakadona ka kula ka danauka nokakadona kanini

oindaneta) ng: longifa omapulotumbulo a tameka na olye, oshike, onaini

nyamukula pakanya nokushanga taku longifwa omapulo taa shongo notaa pula ovahongwa va yandje omadiladilo omoule, she likwatelela koinyolwa, nokufaneka exulifo lehokololo ng: omapulotumbulo a longifa ongahelipi, omolwashike

- tofa mo oyeetifi noilanduli mehokololo (omolwashike oshinima sha ningwa)

- nyamukula koshinyolwa pakuyandja omaliudo anafangwa nokuninga omatokolo kombinga yoiningwanima novanyandi mehokololo ng: Ame kandi hole okamati shaashi oka ninga nai kaume kako. Ove ou na okukala omunambili kookaume koye

yandja engongo loshinyolwa lanafangwa pakanya nopakushanga

Okulesha melimweneneno nomokule

Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka lesha oinyolwa ya yooloka melimweneno noku i lesha yoo mokule nelalakano va udeko




ulika omhumbwe nehalo lokulesha

ulika omhumbwe nehalo lokulesha memanguluko nelalakano

ulika omhumbwe nehalo lokulesha memanguluko nelalakano lokumona

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- penuna momambo, kundafana omafano

- longifa ‘otundi yokulesha’ va yambule po ohokwe yokulesha

lesha oinyolwa i lili noku lili i li pamufika wongudu (mwa kwatelwa omahokolo, outevo, noinyolwa yavo vene) melimweneneno nelalakano noneudeko

- tofa mo oitya i na omadengo afaafana moutevo

lesha oinyolwa i li pamufika wongudu i lili noku lili yomauyelele naayo i wetike va mone nokukufa mo omauyelele onhumboa

- longifa omambo omafano ‘nomambo manene’ va mone ouyelele

- mona ouyelele tava longifa ografika yomafano nomafano a nafangwa

lesha mokule oinyolwa ya longekidwa i li pamufika wongudu yavo neudeko, tava tumbula oitya mondjila,

lokumona eshiivo nokulihafifa, - longifa ‘otundi yokulesha’ va

yambule po ohokwe yokulesha

lesha oinyolwa i lili noku lili i li pamufika wongudu (mwa kwaelwa omahokolo, outevo, noinyolwa yavo vene) melimweneneno, nekatuko tali wapalele, nelalakano no neudeko

- dimbuluka omaukwatya eevelishe da manguluka noutevo vapu/vanafangwa, ng: omutungilo, ounene womushangelo, eendululo, omadengo, elongifo loileshifo tai wapalele

lesha oinyolwa i li pamufika wongudu i lili noku lili yomauyelele naayo i wetike va va mone nokukufa mo omauyelele omhumba

- longifa omambo omafano ‘ve a ninga voo vene‘ va mone

eshiivo nokulihafifa, - longifa ‘otundi yokulesha’ va

yambule po ohokwe yokulesha

lesha oinyolwa i lili noku lili i li pamufika wongudu (mwa kwaelwa omahokolo, outevo, noinyolwa yavo vene) melimweneneno, nekatuko la yeleka/tali wapalele, nelalakano no neudeko

- dimbuluka omaukwatya eevelishe da manguluka noutevo vapu/vanafangwa, ng: omutungilo, ounene womushangelo, eendululo, omadengo, elongifo loileshifo tai wapalele

lesha oinyolwa i li pamufika wongudu i lili noku lili yomauyelele naayo i wetike va va mone nokukufa mo omauyelele omhumba

- konga oitya nomalityo ayo mokambo koitya tava longifa oitya

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okulesha nelaka tali fenungua, okuulika omaliudo netongololo lomalunduluko mokulesha

- kanghama kexulilo letumbulo

lesha mokule oinyolwa inai longekidwa i li pamufika wongudu yavo, neudeko,nelaka tali fenunguta nokuholola omaliudo

omauyelele ; va mone oitya momamboitya

- mona nokufatulula omauyelele okudja momafano, omadidiliko eshiivike nale, omadidiliko omeendjila nomomafano a nafangwa

lesha mokule oinyolwa ya longekidwa i li pamufika wongudu yavo neudeko, tava tumbula oitya mondjila, okulesha nelaka tali fenunguta, okuulika omaliudo netongololo lomalunduluko mokulesha

- kanghama kexulilo letumbulo - yelula ondaka ngeenge tava lesha

epulo - mwenapo ngeenge tava lesha

omusholondodo woinima ya topolwa noinghwanyu


yoku va wilika - mona nokufatulula omauyelele

okudja momafano, moualita va nafangwa, moumhungu nomoilongifwa ikwao i wetike

lesha mokule oinyolwa ya longekidwa i li pamufika wongudu yavo neudeko, tava tumbula oitya mondjila, okulesha nelaka tali fenunguta, okuulika omaliudo netongololo lomalunduluko mokulesha

- kanghama kexulilo letumbulo - yelula ondaka ngeenge tava lesha

epulo - mwena po ngeenge tava lesha

omusholondodo woinima ya topolwa noinghwanyu

- lundulula omutono wondaka va ulike oshiingidifo


Okunyamukula koinyolwa Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka nyamukula koinyolwa pakupopya nosho yo pakushanga

50






tofa mo ovanyandi noiningwanima ya fimana mehokololo

- tofa monhumbu ovanyandi va faafana/va yooloka kovanhu vomeenghalamwenyo davo vene

- kundafana nokuholola omaliudo kombinga yomadengo/oiimbo, omaimbilo nomahokololo

- kundafana eenghedi diwa de li hongwa mehokololo

- tofa mo ovanyandi, omidingonoko apa pa ningilwa oiningwanima noiningwanima ya fimana

- hokolola nhumbi ovanyandi tava nyamukula koiningwanima yaf imana/komashongo mehokololo

- fatulula nokuyandja omatomhelo kutya omolwashike wa hokwa ile ino hokwa omunyandi/ehokololo/okatevo konhumba

- kundafana eenghedi diwa de li hongwa mehokololo

tofa mo omutungilo wehokololo ng: ehovelo nexulifo

tofa mo ovanyandi, omidingonoko apa pa ningilwa oiningwanima, omanenediladilo mehokololo (elyenge loiningwanima ye li pamba oyo ya tunga po ehokololo).

- hokolola nhumbi ovanyandi tava nyamukula koiningwanima ya fimana/komashongo mehokololo

- fatulula nokuyandja omatomhelo kutya omolwashike wa hokwa ile ino hokwa omunyandi/ehokololo/okatevo konhumba

- kundafana eenghedi diwa delihongwa mehokololo

tofa mo omutungilo wehokololo ng: ehovelo nexulifo

tofa mo omatumbulo, noutendo mehokololo ile moutevo aa taa holola omaliudo ngaashi ehandu, oluhodi, ehafo ng:omahodi okwa li taa lotoka keemhanda daye

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OSHIPALANYOLE ONDODO 1 ONDODO 2 ONDODO 3

Ounghulungu wokushanga

OKUSHANGA

Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka ulika omukalo wokushanga neendelelo noneke la yela tali dulu okuleshwa




ulika okukoleka eenhumba domalinyengo manini, ekwatafano lomake nomesho, omukalo wokukwata opena yekala mondjila, nokukala omutumba nawa, ng:

- ulika eke olo li na eenghono/hava longifa luhapu eshi tava longifa oukonde, oukombe, eepena domakala, noulongifo vakwao vanini

- kwata/tenheka ombapila kondjila

- shanga eendada momufinda

ulika ounongo/ounyakwa wokushanga neendelelo okudja kolumosho va finda kolulyo, okudja pombada vafinda pedu, ng:

- endulula nokutapa eemhatolona mounhongo ve li momifinda

- tapa oiya neenomola

ulika omukalo wokukwata opena yekala mondjila, nokukala omutumba nawa, ng:

- kwatk/tenheka ombapila nawa/mondjila

- shanga eendada momufinda

ulika omukalo wokushanga neendelelo momifinda da yandjwa, ng:

- tapa omanyolo momakalata nokoshipelende

- tapa omatumbulo

ulika omukalo wokukwata opena yekala mondjila, nokukala omutumba nawa, ng:

- kwata/tenheka ombapila nawa/mondjila

- shanga eendada komufinda

ulika omukalo wokushanga neendelelo momifinda da yandjwa, ng:

- tapa omanyolo momakalata nokoshipelende

- tapa omatumbulo

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shanga eendada, oitya, omatumbulo neenomola neke la yela tali dulu okuleshwa nomufolomo womondjila, tava longifa ounene weendada wa faafana neemwaka da yeleka

- omifinda deemilimeta 8.5 (eemwaka 3 meemilimeta 25)

shanga eendada, oitya, omatumbulo neenomola neke la yela tali dulu okuleshwa nomufolomo womondjila, tava longifa ounene weendada wa faafana neemwaka da yeleka

- omifinda deemilimeta 8.5 (omifinda 3 komifinda deemilimeta 25)

shanga eendada, oitya, omaumbulo neenomola neke la yela tali dulu okuleshwa nomufolomo womondjila, tava longifa ounene weendada wa faafana neemwaka da yeleka

- omifinda deemilimeta 6.5 (omifinda 4 komifinda deemilimeta 25)

Omikalo/omaludi okushanga

Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka shanga oinyolwa i na omalalakano a yooloka tava longifa omikalo dokushanga di lili noku lili




ulika omhumbwe nehalo lokushanga, ng:

- danauka oudano vokushanga - ulika nhumbi okufaneka

nokushanga kwa yooloka - tukulilafana navakwao oinyolwa

yavo vene pakuulikila vakwao ile pakuleshelafana mokule

- ninga omalolelo nomifinda, omitungilo,/omaludi noilongifo yokushanga

- ninga omalolelo nokushanga ng: “shanga” oshipalanyole shefano/shokambo koye; danauka oshinyandwa ‘shokushanga’ nelalakano


- danauka oudano vokushanga - tukulilafana navakwao oinyolwa yavo

vene pakuulikila vakwao ile pakuleshelafana mokule

shanga ondeshela: youtumbulo va 3 va pu ile omakupilikwatumbulo a 2, ng: Ame ondi na okambishi haka ifanwa Flafi. Oke na omayoo a honga. Ko ohaka li eemhuku. Ile, Ame ondi na okambishi haka ifanwa Flafi nohaka li eemuku. Ko oke na omayoo a honga ashike ihaka


- danauka oudano vokushanga - tukulilafana navakwao oinyolwa

yavo vene pakuulikila vakwao ile pakuleshelafana mokule

shanga ondeshela: youtumbulo va 4 va pu ile ve dulife po ile omakupilikwatumbulo a 2 ile e dulife po, ng: Odula oya lokela nge mondjila yokuya keumbo. Oikutu yange okwa li ya tuta. Ame onda li ndi udite outalala. Onde li kosha nomeva apyu Ile,

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shanga ondeshela: youtumbulo va 2 ve na oitya i 4-5, ng: Ame ondi hole okapopifa kange. Ko oke na oshikutu shitwima omafo.

- longifa eshiivo leemhango delaka, oileshifo, okushipela, eeshiivo leendada nomawi ado noupunaitya va shange noukeka

shanga omahokololo avo vene omepitafimbo lanafangwa tava longifa outumbulo va 5 lwaapo

shanga outevo vapu/vanafangwa, ng: Ame ohandi li omboloto Ame ohandi li omabanana Ame ohandi li omameengo

Odula ohai eta oututo Odula ohai loko

lumata nge. - longifa eshiivo leemhango delaka,

oileshifo, okushipela, eshiivo lomawi eendada/ehongomawi noupunaitya va shange noukeka

shanga omahokololo avo vene mepitafimbo lanafangwa e na oshipalanyole, ehovelo nexulilo, tava longifa omatumbulo anafangwa/ongaho nomakupilikwatumbulo 5 fiyo 6

.shanga outevo vanafangwa ng: longifa omufefifo ng: Paulina pula Penehafo paife

- Odula oya lokela nge mondjila yokuya keumbo noikutu yange okwali ya tuta. Ame onda li ndi udite outalala, onghee onde likosha nomeva mapyu. Konima onda kala omutumba pomundilo nokulesha omambo.

- longifa eshiivo leemhango delaka, oileshifo, okushipela, omawi eendada/ehongomawi noupunaitya va shange noukeka

- shanga mOshikwanyameenena

shanga omahokololo avo vene mepitafimbo lanafangwa, ena oshipalanyole, onhele opo paningilwa oshinima (onhele/efimbo shaningwa), ovanyandi mehokololo, ehokololo li na ehovelo nexulifo, tava longifa omatumbulo anafangwa/ongaho nomakupilikwatumbulo 6 ile e dulife po

shanga omadengo ile outevo vouvelishe va manguluka ng: shanga okatevo komatumbulo a hovela neendada da dja medina/moshitya:

54



Ondi hole odula Ame onda mona ongala, yo oya li .......... ( ongonga shanga oshitya sha fyaala po u yadife omadengo/okatevo)

shanga oiningwanima yavo vene mepitafimbo longaho, tava longifa oityapulo olye, oshike, onaini, oshinyolwa shi na ehovelo nexulifo lanafangwa, ng: Ame (olye) okwa li handi danauka (shike) keumbo (openi). Osha li shi hafifa.

Shanga omatongomono oshili tava longifa outumbulo va 4 fiyo va 5 vanafangwa

- Litongomona mwene, ovashivikile, oinamwenyo noinima mepaifefimbo lanafangwa, ng:Ombwa yange ohai ifanwa Happy. Yo oina oluvala leimbi. Yo ohai li omakipa. Happy oha nangala moluumbo. Ame ondi mu hole.

shanga oiningwanima yavo vene mepitafimbo longaho, tava longifa oityapulo olye,oshike, onaini, oshinyolwa shi na ehovelo nexulifo lanafangwa, ng: Oshivike sha dja ko (onaini) odula oya loka nokulokelela. Okwali ku na efundja (oshike) momukunda wetu (openi). Fye (olye) okwa li twa tuta.

Shanga omatongomono oshili tava longifa omakupilikwatumbulo noutumbulo va 4 fiyo va 5

FOIBE Fikama paife Oto tokelwa Inda diva kenongelo Batu-batu, lotoka Etango ola sha

shanga oiningwanima yavo vene ile oiningwanima inaiva ukilila (ng: enongonono lanafangwa lembo) mepitafimbo longaho tava longifa oityapulo olye,oshike, openi, onaini, omolwashike nongahelipi, oshinyolwa shi na ehovelo nexulifo lanafangwa, ng: Omaufiku avali a pita po (onaini) tate (olye) okwa tema omundilo (oshike) tu dule okuteleka (omolwashike). Ye okwa li e u shakala pondje yeumbo/mepya (openi) noikuni neembapila (ongahelipi). Fye okwa li twa teleka oxuxwa nombelela yongobe (oshike). Ame ondli ndihole okuteleka na tate shaashi osha li shi hafifa.

Shanga omatongomono oshili tava longifa oshipalonyoletumbulo

55



Shanga omafatululo mapu okuulika nhumbi oinima hai longo tava longifa omatumbulo a 3 ile a 4 anafangwa

- Longifa epaifefimbo lanafangwa, ng: Okatuwa kange kokadanaukifo ohaka longo ngeenge nde ka undula. Ko ok ena omalola. Omalola ohaa dingonoka.

vanafangwa - litongomona mwene, ova shivikile,

oinamwenyo noinima mepaifefimbo lanafangwa, ng: Mumwamemekadona omule ye omuwa. Ye oku na ookahewa vahapu noku hole okuya pondje. Ye oha file nge oshisho mexuliloshivike. Ye okahewa kange

Shanga omafatululo mapu okuulika nhumbi oinima hai longo, tava longifa omatumbulo a 4 ile a 5 anafangwa nomakupilikwatumbulo

- nomafano ile pehe na omafano - longifa epaifefimbo lanafangwa, ng:

Ombashikela yange ohai longo ngeenge nda undulile eetalapa/oilyatelo pedu. Osho ohashi ningifa omalola a dingonoke. Ndee ame handi dulu okuya. Ame ondi na okukala nda kwatelela keembinga.

nomakupilikwatumbulo noutumbulo va 5 fiyo va 6 vanafangwa

- tongomona ovanhu, oinima, oinamwenyo neenhele mepaifefimbo lanafangwa, ng: Ofino oyo oshinamwenyo hashi kala moNamibia. Sho oshi na oluvala lilaula noleimbi (lindjibi). Moshipala shayo omu na oluvala litoka nalilaula noi na eembinga dile da yukilila. Yo ohai li omwiidi nohai kala moufita. Ofino oi li koshihako shaNamibia. Oyo oshilimbo shomukumo netumba kOvanamibia

Shanga omafatululo okuulika nhumbi oinima hai longo, tava longifa omatumbulo anafangwa ile omakupilikwatumbulo a 5 ile e dulife po

- nomafano ile pehe na omafano - longifa epaifefimbo lanafangwa,

ng: Okamwiyo keemhuku ohaka longo ngaha. Tete, oto tula ko oka/oukulya kombinga imwe yokamashulifo. Ndee to ka shilile konima fiyo ka haka. Konima yaasho ove...

56



shanga oupulo vapu/vongaho vokukonga ouyelele tava longifa oityapula, olye, oshike, onaini, omolwashike

- longifa epaifefimbo lanafangwa ng: Edina lombwa yoye olye? Omolwashike ya lukwa ngaho?Olye he i palwifa? Ohai ka nangala efimbo peni?

Shanga omilandu danafangwau tadi lombwele nhumbi oshinima shonhumba hashi ningwa, ng:

- oinyangadalwa yoshivike ile omalombwelo tava longifa epaifefimbo lanafangwa ng: nhumbi to ningi oshinima:

- eshi osho nhumbi to ningi oshihako noshihakautu (ninga omusholondodo woinima oyo ta longifa)

- ou oo omukalo wokukuna ombuto/onhi 1. Fa elambo 2. Tula onhi/ombuto melambo

ndele to fufile ko edu 3. ...

shanga oupulo vapu/vongaho vokukonga ouyelele tava longifa oityapulo, olye, oshike, onaini, omolwashike

- longifa epaifefimbo lanafangwa ng: Oho ningi shike konima ofikola ya dimbuka? Omolwashike u hole kuninga ngaho? Olye hadanauka naave?

Shanga omilandu tadi lombwele nhumbi oshinima hashi ningwa, ng:

- omalombwelo okaudano konhumba, oresepa, eenghatu odo di na okulandulwa momalolelo a sha, tava longifa epaifefimbo lanafangwa, ng: eshi osho hashi ningwa po ngee wa ndjeneke oikangwameva. (ninga omusholondodo woilongifo, shanga omilandu melandulafano leenghatu di na okulandulwa, oshidjemo netumbulo lexulifo.

- Ulika nghee oshikuki hashi ningwa: (yandja edina loshikuki, ninga omusholondodo woinima ya pumbiwa ndele to shange eenghatu hadi landulwa)

shanga oupulo vapu/vongaho vokukonga ouyelele tava longifa oityapulo, olye, oshike, onaini, openi nongahelipi

- longifa epaifefimbo lanafangwa ng: Oikulya i lipi haituvikilwa meumbo? Ohai tuvikilwa ngahelipi? Omolwashike hamu

57



shanga oukalata nomashivo anafangwa

- oukalata vomadalo, vefiku loomeme/ootate, vomapandulo nomashivo koivilo

- longifa omafimbo mondjila (epaifefimbo nepitafimbo lanafangwa ile eteelelwafimbo)

Oholi ouvalelo efimbo peni?

shanga omalombwelotumbulo to ulike omaliudo netomheno

- longifa epaifefimbo lanafangwa, ng: Ame ondi hole (Namibia) shaashi (osho oshilongo shange).


- Oukalata vomadalo, vefiku loomeme/ootate, vomapandulo nomashivo koivilo


tuvikile oikulya? Olye he i tuvikile?(olye ha tuvikile oikulya?) onaini hamu longifa oikulya ei ya tuvikilwa?

Shanga omalombwelotumbulo to ulike omaliudo netomhelo

- longifa epaifefimbo lanafangwa, ng: Ame ohandi dilaadila (ohatu ka kala tu na efimbo lihapu lokudanauka) shaashi...


- Oukalata vomadalo, vefiku loomeme/ootate, vomapandulo nomashivo koivilo


shanga omukanda wombili una efiku, epopifo, olutu, exulifo nedina lomunyoli

- nongela kovapwilikini, ng: kaume/kahewa, omuhongi, omudali, omukulunhufikola

- longifa omafimbo mondjila (epitafimbo lanafangwa,

58



epaifefimbo lanafangwa, epaifefimbo tali twikile, eteelelwafimbo)

Eenghatu doku

xwepopaleka oiyolwa

/omishangwa

Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka shanga nokulandula eenghatu doku xwepopaleka omishangwa/oinyolwa yavo




eta po oshinyolwa sha nyolekeka, sha nyolwa nawa neke li yela tali dulu okuleshwa, shi hena omapuko elaka, ng:

- kundafana omafano, omadiladilo noipalanyole yokunyola pamwe nomuhongi nosho yo ovanafikola vakwao

- duta po okanhoko komushangwa - leshulula nokuweda mo oitya va

xwepopaleke elityo loshinyolwa - dimbuluka nokuwapaleka

eenenendada da kambela po, oitwa nomapuko mokushipela/mokunyola oitya

- leshelvafana oinyolwa novanafikola vakwao

eta po ashinyolwa sha nyolekeka, sha nyolwa nawa neke li yela tali dulu okuleshwa, shi hena omapuko elaka, ng:

- kundafana omafano, omadiladilo noipalanyole yokunyola pamwe nomuhongi novanafikola vakwao,

- duta po okanhoko komushangwa - leshulula nokupingena po/ noku

weda mo oitya i xwepopaleke elityo loshinyolwa

- dimbuluka nokupukulula oileshifo imwe po, eemhango delaka nomapuko mokushipela oitya tava longifa omambo oitya nomanyolo taa hangika mongulu

- leshelafana oinyolwa novanafikola vakwao

- eta po ashinyolwa sha nyolekeka, sha nyolwa nawa neke li yela tali dulu okuleshwa, shi hena omapuko elaka, ng: longifa omilandu dokushanga kwopehovelo va ongele omauyelele koshipalanyole ng: okuetapo omadiladilo novanafikola vakwao nokulongekida omadiladilo nomauyelele mangha inava shanga,

- duta po okanhoko komushangwa, okuhoolola omutungilo woshinyolwa tau wapalele ng: oshididilikwa shomokambo kaye kefiku, omukanda, oresepa

- pingena, weda po/tululula oitya ile omatumbulo melandulafano liwa

- tululula omadiladilo ile oitwa ya fimana melandulafano u ete po elityo liyela

- dimbuluka nokupukulula oileshifo imwe po, eemhango delaka

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nomapuko mokushanga oitya - longifa omambo oitya nomanyolo

omongulu - kundafana oinyolwa yavo vene

noyavakwao va pewe voo va yandje oidjemo

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Eenenendada noileshifo

OMUTUNGILO WELAKA, EEMHANGO DELAKA NELONGIFO LELAKA

Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka longifa oileshifo neenenendada mondjila




longifa ondada yakula pehovelo loshitya shotete metumbulo, nomadina oitekulwanamwenyo noovanhu

longifa oshitwa kexulilo letumbulo

longifa ondada yakula pehovelo loshitya shotete metumbulo, omadina oitekulwanamwenyo noovanhu, omafiku oshivike neehani domudo, nomoshitya shotete moshipalanyole shembo ng: Oitekulwanamwenyo yange

DIDILIKA: omadina omafimbo omudo inaa pumbwa okunyolwa neenenendada ng: okulombo, okufu, okwenye, oitemadula

longifa oshitwa kexulilo letumbulo noshipulifo kexulilo lepulotumbulo

longifa oinghwanyu va tukule

longifa ondada yakula pehovelo loshitya shotete metumbulo, omadina oitekulwanamwenyo noovanhu, omafiku oshivike neehani domudo, oshitya shotete noitya ya fimana moshipalanyole shembo, omafiku omafudo a fimana (oKrismesa) eedoolopa, oilando, omanenedu, omaxupipiko, Oukwashiwana nomalaka, ng: ovaNamibia, oumbuwanu wAfrika, Oshiingilisha, Oshikwanyama DIDILIKA: omadina omafimbo omudo inaa pumbwa okunyolwa neenenendada ng: okulombo, okufu, okwenye, oitemadula

longifa oshitwa kexulilo letumbulo, oshipulifo kexulilo lepulotumbulo, noshiingidifo shi ulike eliudo

longifa okalyandada ka ulike

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oinima i li momusholondodo momatumbulo ng: Ame onda mona onduli, onghoshi, etotongwe nondjaba.

ekanifepo leendada dimwe, (ng: Enda ondjila yoikukungulu- End’ ondjila y’ikungulu) unene momaimbilo nomoutevo

longifa oinghwanyu va tukule oinima i li momusholondodo momatumbulo ng: Ame onda mona onduli, onghoshi, etotongwe nondjaba.

Oitukulwa yokupopya

Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka tofa mo, tava luku nokulongifa mondjila omikalo da yooloka doitukulwa yokupopya, mokulesha,

mokupopya nokushanga




longifa oityadina noityadinalela, ng:

- oityadina: oshipundi,oshitaafula - oityadinalela: MeeLinda,

Namibia, Karibib,Ovenduka (okulihonga oshitya “oshityadinalela” oshinima inashi teelelwa ponghatu ei)

longifa oityaponhelelela ame, ove, ye, sho, fye, vo, nye

- henuka eendululo pakulongifa oityaponhele tai wapalele

tofa mo, umbula nokulongifa oityadina noityadinalela, ng:

- oityadina: oshipundi,oshitaafula - oityadinalela: MeeLinda, Namibia,

Karibib,Ovenduka

longifa oityaponhelelela ame, ove,

tofa mo, umbula nokulongifa oityadina ei hai dulu okuvalulwa naayo ihai dulu okuvalulwa noityadinamuhonga ng:

- oityadina tai dulu kuvalulwa: omaumbo, eepena domakala

- oityadina ita idulu kuvalulwa: omeva, oufila, omongwa

longifa oityaponhelelela ame, ove,

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koityadina ya tunbulwa nale, ng: Tate okwa ya mofitola. Ye okwa landa mo ombelela

- likele la okulongifa oitya inai pumbiwa ng: Mumwamemekadona, Onghoshi, yo oya li ya kula unene... (okulihonga oshitya “oshityadinalela” oshinima inashi teelelwa ponghatu ei)

longifa oityamwene; shange, shoye, shaye Oyo ohema yange. Oyo oyange. Olo eumbo loye. Olo oloye. Oyo opena yaye. Oyo oyaye Osho oshikutu shaye. Osho oshaye, (okulihonga oshitya “oityamwene” inashi fimana ponghatu ei)

longifa oityalonga ngaashi oitya

ye, sho, fye, vo, nye - henuka eendululo pakulongifa

oityaponhele tai wapalele koityadina ya tunbulwa nale, ng: Emwangha okwa li tali ndwandwam,a shaashi lo ola li la fya ondjala.

- likelela okulongifa oitya inai pumbiwa ng: Mumwamemekadona namumwamememati, Omushamane okwa li mule unene...

(okulihonga oshitya “oshityadinalela” oshinima inashi teelelwa ponghatu ei)

longifa oityamwene; shange, shoye, shaye Oyo ohema yange. Oyo oyange. Olo eumbo loye. Olo oloye. Oyo opena yaye. Oyo oyaye. Osho oshikutu shaye. Osho oshaye, (okulihonga oshitya “oityamwene” inashi fimana ponghatu ei)

tofa mo, tumbula nokulongifa oityalonga ngaashi oitya yokulonga

ye, sho, fye, vo, nye - henuka eendululo pakulongifa

oityaponhele tai wapalele koityadina ya tunbulwa nale, ng: Fye otwa mona vamwameme tava ende, onghee voo otwe va pitula po notuwa yetu

- likelela okulongifa oitya inai pumbiwa ng: Ame namumwamemekadona, Onyofi yo okwali tai vema ...

(okulihonga oshitya “oshityadinalela” oshinima inashi teelelwa ponghatu ei)

longifa oityamwene; shetu, shavo, shasho Sho oshihauto shetu. Sho oshetu. Oyo ombwa yavo. Yo oya vo. Okambishi okanyaya nomakasha ako (okulihonga oshitya “oityamwene” inashi fimana ponghatu ei)

tofa mo, tumbula nokulongifa oityalonga ngaashi oitya yokulonga

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yokuninga ng: lotoka/tondoka,nuka, faneka, imba (okulihonga efatululo loshitya “oshityalonga” oshinima inashi teelelwa ponghatu ei)

longifa oityahololinhele yanafangwa ng: meni/mo/mu, koshi, kombada, konima, pokati nsh.t (okulihonga oshitya “oityaponhele” inashi fimana ponghatu ei)

longifa oityalupe yanafangwa ng: ehauto li na onhapo, ongodi ile, etanga lakula

- longifa omayelekanifo oityalupe opaushimwe, ng: shile/shile unene/shile-shile shinene/shinene unene /shineneshinene (okulihonga oshitya “oityalupe” inashi fimana ponghatu ei)

ng: yola, taafina, ndanisha, yowa, teleka, nsh.t (okulihonga efatululo loshitya “oshityalonga” oshinima inashi teelelwa ponghatu ei)

longifa oityahololinhele yanafangwa ng: meni/mo/mu, koshi, kombada, konima, pokati, komesho, pombada, nsh.t (okulihonga oshitya “oityaponhele” oshinima inashi teelewa ponghatu ei)

longifa oityalupe yanafangwa tonga oitya oyo tai tongomona oityadina ng: okahanana kanini, omukulukadi omunambili, nsh.t

- longifa omayelekanifo oityalupe opaushimwe nopaushihapu, ng: xwepo, nawa, nawa unene

- tula oityalupe meshikulafano li li mondjila ng: okandjato kanini kalaula (ka shifi: kalaula kanini okandjato)

(okulihonga oshitya “oityalupe” inashi fimana ponghatu ei)

ng: lesha, shanga, londa ombashikela, shinga otuwa, nsh.t (okulihonga efatululo loshitya “oshityalonga” oshinima inashi teelelwa ponghatu ei)

longifa oityahololinhele ng: meni/mo/mu, koshi, kombada, konima, pokati, komesho, pombada, pedu, popepi, nsh.t

(okulihonga oshitya “oityaponhele” oshinima inashi teelewa ponghatu ei)

tofa mo, tumbula nokulongifa oityalupe, tonga oitya tai tongomona oityadina ng: Ombwa yafya ondjala, Ongala ishunga, nsh.t

- longifa omayelekanifo oityalupe opaushimwe nopaushihapu, ng: xwepo, nawa, nawa unene

- tula oityalupe melandulafano li li mondjila ng: okandjato kanini kalaula (ka shifi: kalaula kanini okandjato)

- longifa oityalupe va wede elunduluko nohokwe komatumbulo ng: Okakadona kalai okalonda

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komwoonde.

longifa oityalupe ongo oitya oyo tai hokolola oshityalonga ng: Ame onda lotoka nda mana mo (okulihonga oshitya “oshityalupe” oshinima inashi teelewa ponghatu ei)

Okulongifa omaludi oityalonga mepaifefimbo nomepitafimbo lanafangwa

Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka popya nokushanga mondjila tava longifa oityalonga mepaifefimbo nomepitafimbo lanafangwa




Lundulula oityalonga tai di mepaifefimbo tai tulwa mepitafimbo ng: ‘okweenda’ Ohandi ende nda yuka kofikola efiku keshe Onda enda nda yuka kofikola onghela

Lundululila oityalonga molupe leanyo tai di mepaifefimbo tai tulwa mepitafimbo ng: ‘okweenda’ Ame ihandi ende nda yuka kofikola efiku keshe Ame inandi enda nda yuka

Lundulula oityalonga tai di mepaifefimbo tai tulwa mepitafimbo ng: ‘okuteleka’ Mumwamemekadona oha teleke ouvalelo efiku keshe Mumwamemekadona okwa teleka ouvalelo onghela

Lundululila oityalonga molupe leanyo tai di mepaifefimbo tai tulwa mepitafimbo ng: ‘okuteleka’ Mumwamemekadona iha teleke ouvalelo efiku keshe Mumwamemekadona ina teleka ouvalelo onghela

Lundulula oityalonga tai di mepaifefimbo tai tulwa mepitafimbo ng: ‘okukanghama’ Oshihauto ohashi kanghama peumbo efiku keshe Oshihauto osha kanghamene peumbo onghela

Lundululila oityalonga molupe leanyo tai di mepaifefimbo tai tulwa mepitafimbo ng: ‘okukanghama’ oshihauto ihashi kanghama peumbo efiku keshe oshihauto inashi kanghama peumbo onghela

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kofikola efiku keshe Onghela ame inandi enda nda yuka kofikola

Omaludi oityalonga mepaifefimbo nomepitafimbo

Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka popya nokushanga mondjila tava longifa omalupe oityalupe mepaifefimbo nomepitafimbo




Lundulula oityalonga tai di mepaifefimbo tai tulwa mepitafimbo ng: ‘okuyowa’ Fye ohatu yoo moshana efiku keshe Onghela otwa yowa moshana Ng: ‘okukala’ Ame onda nyemata nai nena Onghela okwa li nda nyemata nai Ng: ‘okuya’ Ye oha i konhele yomadeulo olutu molomakaya Onghela okwa ile konhele yomadeulo olutu

Lundululila oityalonga molupe leanyo tai di mepaifefimbo tai tulwa mepitafimbo ng: ‘okuyowa’

Lundulula oityalonga tai di mepaifefimbo tai tulwa mepitafimbo ng: ‘okulotoka’ Ye oha lotoka a yuka kofikola efiku keshe Onghela okwa lotoka ayuka kofikola Ng: ‘okukala’ Tate okwa hafa nena Onghel atate okwa li a hafa Ng: ‘okuninga’ Ye oha ningi oifiilwalonga yaye yokeumbo efiku keshe Onghela okwa ninga oifiilwalonga yaye yokeumbo

Lundululila oityalonga molupe leanyo tai di mepaifefimbo tai tulwa mepitafimbo ng: ‘okulotoka’ Ye iha lotoka a ye kofikola

Lundulula oityalonga tai di mepaifefimbo tai tulwa mepitafimbo ng: ‘okuhonga’ Ye oha hongo ongudu a yuka Oshivike sha djako okwa honga ongudu Ng: ‘okukala’ Vo ove lipyakidila moshikunino nena Oshivike sha dja ko ovali ve lipyakidila moshikunino Ng: ‘okukala una’ Ye oku na oikulya nena Onghela ye okwa li e na oikulya

Lundululila oityaonga molupe leanyo tai di mepaifefimbo tai tulwa mepitafimbo ng: ‘okuhonga’ Ye iha hongo ongudu ei

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Fye ihatu yoo moshana efiku keshe Onghela inatu yowa moshana

ng: ‘okukala’

Ame inandi nyemata nena Onghela ka kwa li nda nyemata

ng: ‘okuya’ Ye iha i konhele yomadeulo olutu Onghela ina ya konhele yomadeulo olutu

Onghela ina lotoka aye kofikola ng: ‘okukala’ Tate ina hafa nena Onghela tate ka kwa li a hafa

ng: ‘okuninga’ Ye iha ning oifiilwalonga yaye yokeumbo efiku keshe Onghela ina ninga oifiilwalonga yaye yokeumbo

Oshivike sha dja ko ina honga ongudu ng: ‘okukala’ Vo inave lipyakidila moshikunino nena Oshivike sha djako kavali/kakwali ve lipyakidila moshikunino ng: ‘okukala una’ Ye ke na oikulya nenae Onghela ye kakwa li e na oikulya

Epaifefimbo tali twikile Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka popya nokushanga mondjila tava longifa epaifefimbo tali twikile ( omalinyengo oo taa ningwa ile itaa ningwa paife, konima yokafimbo ile meteelelwafimbo)




longifa oityalonga i shiivike nawa va hokolole kutya oshike tashi (itashi) ningwa paife ile konima yokafimbo ng: Ame ohandi lesha (paife). Ame itandi danauka (paife)

longifa oityalonga i shiivike nawa va hokolole kutya oshike tashi (itashi) ningwa paife ile konima yokafimbo ng: Okaana otaka lili (paife).Ye ina nangala (paife)

longifa oityalonga i shiivike nawa va hokolole kutya oshike tashi (itashi) ningwa paife ile konima yokafimbo ng: Paulus ita ningi oifiilwalonga yaye yokeumbo (paife).Ye ota danauka etanga lokeemhadi (paife)

Eteelelwafimbo

Elalakano lelihongo Ovahongwa otava ka longifa eteelelwafimbo

longifa oityalonga i shiivike nawa va hokolole

longifa oityalonga i shiivike nawa ova hokolola

longifa oityalonga i shiivike nawa ova hokolole

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oshiningwanima meteelelwafimbo ng: Ame ohandi ka talela po meekulu moshivike tashi uya

oshiningwanima meteelelwafimbo ng: Tate ota ka dja po komatango nena.

oshiningwanima meteelelwafimbo ng: Ovamwamememati otava ka teleka ouvalelo konguloshi.

Eenghedi, eemhango neshiivo lokutunga omatumbulo

Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka uda ko nokulongifa eshiivo lokutunga omatumbulo, eenghedi neemhango da tambulwa ko ngeenge omunhu ta popi nongee ta shange




tunga omatumbulo anafangwa nokulongifaoikwatakanifi ‘na’ na ‘ile’, ng: Ondina ovamwameme vatatu Aili, Hamutenya naEdwig; Onda hala okuya kOmbaye ile kOshomeva.

longifa eemhango de diminafano lomuningi, ng: Ame ohandi danauka ove oto danauka fye ohatu danauka vo otava danauka ye oha danauka Okakadona ohaka danauka; oukadona ohava danauka

tunga omatumbulo anafangwa nomakupilikwatumbulo tava kwatakanifa omatumbulo tava longifa oikwatakanifi ‘ngeenge’, ‘ndele’, ‘ashike’ na ‘shaashi’, ng: Fye ohatu lideula, shaashi ohashi tu kaleke twa ndjanga.

longifa eemhango dediminafano lomuningi, ng: Ame ohandi imbi ove oto imbi fye ohatu imbi vo otava imbi ye oha imbi Ombwa ohai nangala polukolongo; Eembwa ohadi nangala polukolongo

tunga omatumbulo anafangwa nomakupilikwatumbulo tava kwatakanifa omatumbulo tava longifa oikwatakanifi oyo tai ulike efimbo/eshikulafano (shotete, shalandulako, ndee ‘ngeenge’, ‘ndee’, ‘omangha’, ‘komesho’, ‘konima’), ng: Maria na Martina ova kosha omake avo konima eshi va longifa okandjuwo.

longifa eemhango dediminafano lomuningi, ng: Ame ohandi tuka ove oto tuka fye ohatu tuka vo otava tuka ye oha tuka Ondjaba ohai linyengifa omukati wayo; Eendjaba ohadi linyengifa omikati dado

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longifa oitya yomaefelo ‘kwafele nge’ i holole okupula epitikilo Nandi kwafwe ndi ye pondje. Kwafe nge/kwafele nge opena yoye ndi shangife ko

longifa oityauhapu ‘shinini’, ‘shihapu’, ‘shihapu unene’ Ame ondi na oumbishi vanini Ame onda xupifa ko oumaliwa vanini

longifa oityauhapu ‘shinini’, ‘shihapu’, ‘shihapu unene’, unene, imwe po, keshe, kape na

- kwinya oku na oikulya ihapu unene - longifa ‘imwe po’ va ulike ‘omuvalu

wa ngabekwa’ onda hala ombapila imwe po

- longifa ‘keshe’ metumbulo li li meanyo tava ulike ‘omuvalu wa ngabekwa Hakeshe omunhu ha mono omboloto

- longifa ‘kape na/kashipo’ va ulike ediminino kape na efimbo lokudanauka/efimbo lokudanauka kali po

longifa oikoveki molupe loityaponheleuliko ‘eshi’, ‘ei’ na ‘edi’ koinima i li popepi Ame ondi hole oshihauto eshi. Ame ondi hole oihauto ei, Ame ondi hole eenghaku edi

longifa oitya yoma efelo yexuku ‘-dulu/dulika’, ‘-shiiva’ Otashi shiiva/shidulika kulokwe omutenya nena Odula otashi shiiva iloke omutenya nena

longifa oityauhapu ‘shinini’, ‘shihapu’, ‘shihapu unene’, unene, imwe po, keshe, kapena, aishe/ashishe, keshe, aishe ivali

- oudila aveshe ova dala omai - lnandi uda omilombo adishe - longifa ‘keshe shimwe’ sho shinima

shi 1; - ye okwa djala omanyala keke

keshe - keshe umwe oku na oshifo - longifa ‘ashishe’ shoinima 2 ile i

dulife po Eenduli adishe odile Onda yahameka omaulu ange aeshe

longifa oikoveki molupe loityaponheleuliko ‘eshi’, ‘ei’ na ‘edi’ koinima i li popepi Ame ondi hole oshihauto eshi. Ame ondi hole oihauto ei, Ame ondi hole eenghaku edi

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longifa oikoveki molupe loityaponheleuliko ‘eshi’, ‘ei’ na ‘edi’ koinima ile popepi Ame ondi hole oshihauto eshi. Ame ondi hole oihauto ei, Ame ondi hole eenghaku edi

- longifa ‘osho’, ‘oyo’ na ‘odo’ koinima oyo iheli popepi/ i li kokule Oshikombo osho oshange Oinamwenyo oyo oya kofa Eendjaba odo ou diwete?

- longifa ‘osho’, ‘oyo’ na ‘odo’ koinima oyo ihe li popepi/ i li kokule Oshikombo osho osha nge Oinamwenyo oyo oya nangala Eendjaba odo ou di wete?

- longifa ‘osho’, ‘oyo’ na ‘odo’ koinima oyo ihe li popepi/ i li kokule Oshikombo osho osha nge Oinamwenyo oyo oya nangala Eendjaba odo ou di wete?

Elihongo loitya Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka lesha nokushanga oitya i li pamufika wongudu yavo mondjila tava longifa eshiivo nowino wokulihonga oitya yOshikwanyama




tofa mo oityadinaundume noityadinaukadi ng: okamati/okakadona, tate/meme,

tukula oitya mounhokotya ng: twa (okanhokotya kamwe) ope/na (ounhokotya va 2)

tofa mo oityadinaundume noityadinaukadi, oitya oyo ye likwatelela koukwanedimo/koukwapata ng: tate/meme, tatekulu mumwaina wameme/meme mumwaina wamemei, tatekulu/meekulu,

tukula oitya mounhokotya ng: twa (okanhokotya kamwe) ome/va (ounhokotya va 2) ka/la/po (ounhokotya va 3)

tofa mo oilifitya (oitya oyo ye lifa mokutumbula ndee omafatululo nomalityo okwa yooloka) noku i longifa mondjila ng: Shingulu ota tunu eendao Meme ota tunu eedingu

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tofa mo noku itavelifa/nokutwifakumwe omafaafano nomakondjifafano, ng: shinini/shiniingholi (omafaafano); shakula/shinini (omakondjifafano)

tunga po oupashihapu woityadina i shiivike nawa ng: oshitaafula (oitaafula); okakadona (oukadona; oshipala (oipala), onyala (eenyala), okuulu (omaulu)

mumwamemekadona/ mumwamememati, omonamati/omonakadona nsh.

tofa mo noku itavelifa/nokutwifakumwe omafaafano nomakondjifafano, ng: shinini/shiniingholi (omafaafano); shakula/shinini (omakondjifafano)

tunga po oupashihapu woityadina i shiivike nawa ng: oshitaafula (oitaafula); okakadona (oukadona; oshipala (oipala), onyala (eenyala), okuulu (omaulu)

Meme ota tende eengongo Omuhongi ota tende omufinda membo/ koshipelende.

tofa mo oityadinaundume noityadinaukadi, oitya oyo ye likwatelela kovanhu noinamwenyo ng: ohamba/ohambanghainhu, omushamane/omukulukadi, omuhomboli/omufuko, ondume/onghadi, oshipedi/oshikadi omhedi/odidi shikondobolo/onghadixuxwai, tofa mo noku itavelifa/nokutwifakumwe omafaafano nomakondjifafano, ng: shinini/shiniingholi (omafaafano); shakula/shinini (omakondjifafano)

fatulula nokulongifa omipopyofano ng: Shivalula oshi na ondjabi, Dengwa u lungame, (eendunge) ihadi wanene mutwe umwe; mokaxwa wa dina omo mu na Ndiba; Okukelela oku dule okupanga.

tunga po oupashihapu woityadina i shiivike nawa ng: oshitaafula (oitaafula); okakadona

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(oukadona; oshipala (oipala), onyala (eenyala), okuulu (omaulu);

Omikalo dokushipela Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka hsanga oitya mondjila pamufika wongudu yavo tava longifa omikalo/eenghatu dokushanga oitya mondjila




longifa omikalo di lili noku lili dokushipela

- tumbula eendada mokule:tava longifa eshiivo lekwatafano londada newi layo va kufe oitya kumwe ndee tave i mangele vali kumwe nomawi eendada; omawi aa eli koluhaela oo ashike naa nyolwe, ng: omuhongi, ofikola

tukula oitya taku longifwa ounhokotya vopehovelo, pokati netulokumwe leendada ng: o-ku-le-sha nsh.t

findolola meendada, hopaenena nokuninga oitya (tava me nonhata nsh.t) opo va shipele/va tunge po eendada doitya ipe naayo yasha, ng: ngaashi, ko, ngeenge, na, o, sho, osha, tonga/tya, ame, ove,


- tumbula eendada mokule:tava longifa eshiivo lekwatafano londada newi layo va kufe oitya kumwe ndee tave i mangele vali kumwe nomawi eendada; omawi aa e na oshilonga/ a pumbiwa unene oo ashike naa nyolwe

tukula oitya takulongifwa ounhokotya vopehovelo, pokati netulokumwe leendada nounhokotya

findolola meendada, hopaenena nokuninga oitya (tava me nonhata nsh.t) opo va shipele/va tunge po eendada doitya i pe naayo yasha i li pamufika wondodo yavo, ng: imwe po, konima, lumwe, okwa li, openi


- tumbula eendada mokule:tava longifa eshiivo lekwatafano londada newi layo va kufe oitya kumwe ndee tave i mangele vali kumwe nomawi eendada

tukula oitya taku longifwa ounhokotya vopehovelo, pokati netulokumwe leendada nounhokotya

findolola meendada, hopaenena nokuninga oitya (tavame nonhata nsh.t) opo va shipele/vatungepo eendada doitya ipe naayo yasha ili pamufika wondodo yavo, ng: shavo, molwaashi

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imwe

dimbuluka oitya ve i monene nhumbi i li: tava longifa oule woitya, omufolomo woitya, nomaukwatya moitya , ng outya vanini moitya yakula (meneka, tila)dingilila oulitumbuli

shanga oitya momambo oitya ve a ninga voo vene

- longifa okafo koitya - dimbulukifa omakalata oitya,

noinima ya shangwa momudingonoko wongulu yofikola

- pula ekwafo kovahongi nokovakulunhu vamwe

- longifa omukalo ngaashi ‘okutala, okutumbula, okupwipwika, okudimbuluka, okushanga, nokukonakona’ ve lihonge oitya mengungumano

dimbuluka oitya ve i monene nhumbi i li: tava longifa oule woitya, omufolomo woitya, nomaukwatya moitya , ng outya vanini moitya yakula (oshefa) dingilila eenghwambali, oupashihapu, nsh.t




- pula ekwafo kovahongi nokovakulunhu vamwe longifa omukalo ngaashi ‘okutala, okutumbula, okupwipwika, okudimbuluka, okushanga, nokukonakona’ ve lihonge oitya mengungumano

dimbuluka oitya ve i monene nhumbi i li: tava longifa oule woitya, omufolomo woitya, nomaukwatya moitya , ng outya vanini moitya yakula (kokolola, ondjaba) dingilila eenghwambali, oupashihapu, nsh.t eta po omikalo dimwe dokumona eendada (dokushipela) taku hoololwa po shimwe osho shi li mondjila ng: odyuulufi, odjuulufi,odjulufi, odulifi




- pula ekwafo kovahongi nokovakulunhu vamwe longifa omukalo ngaashi ‘okutala, okutumbula, okupwipwika, okudimbuluka, okushanga, nokukonakona’ ve lihonge oitya mengungumano

Elongifo leemhango dokushipela

Elalakano lelihongo

Ovahongwa otava ka shipela oitya mondjila pamufika wongudu yavo tava longifa eemhango dokushipela


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longifa eemhango dokushipela mondjila:

- oulitumbuli ohava ka na po filufilu ile va faafane ngeenge hatu popi ng: nawanawa-naanaa, oshiunda-oshuunda, ohandi-ohai

longifa eemhango dokushipela mondjila:

- oulitumbuli ohava kana pofilufilu ile va faafane ngeenge hatu popi ng: oshili shili-oshiishili, oshiumbo-oshuumbo, menhu ove-menhoove, kaana ove-kaanaave

- moshitya ‘menh ove’ ‘u’ oya ninga ‘o’ nomoshitya ‘kaana ove’ ‘o’ ya ‘ove’ oya ninga ‘a’ ndee tashi eta po oulitumbuli vale ng: menhoove, kaanaave

10. Etaloshiivo

Opo omapyokoko mahapu ayooloka noopaendodo da yooloka a dule kudidilikwa, omikalo

da yooloka detaloshiivo la twikilafana oda pumbiwa meendodo dopedu opo ku yandjwe

efano lelixwapo kombinga yeyokomesho lomuhongwa. Etaloshiivo la twikilafana (CA) na li

kale la yela, la fatuka, tali dulu okupondolwa nolelikolelela komilandu neenghedi

domuhongwa oye ta dana onghandangala.

Omapyokoko omo mufindahongo otaa tongo eudeko neewino odo omuhongwa e na

okuulika, no ta ka konwakonwa muwo. Ashike, oshilalakanenwa osho omufindahongo u kale

tau wilikwa kelihongo, ndele hake konakono.

10.1 Oishonekwa yetaloshiivo

Elalakano letaloshiivo la twikilafana okuulika ouyelele u shi okulineekelwa nou na oshilonga

u ulke nghee ovahongwa va pondola omapyokoko. Ouyelele ou nau longifwe u yandje

oidjemo kovahongwa kombinga yeenghono nomaunghundi avo mehongo. Openi va ninga

nawa, openi va pumbwa okulundulula nota ve shi ningi ngahelipi. Ovadali nava shivifilwe

luhapu momushangwahokololo wofikola wopambelewa kombingaa yeyokomesho lovana.

Nava tuwe omukumo va kale hava yandje omapapa ngeenge ovana va pondola nawa,

nokuyambidida ehongo lovana vavo.

Etaloshiivo la twikilafana ohali kwafele yo ovahongi va xwepopeke okuhonga kwavo ndee

tava yandje elihongo liwa kovahongwa. Oshishonekwa shetaloshiivo nashi talike ko onga

etaloshiivo opo ku lihongwe, ndee ha taloshiivo laashi she li hongwa. Ovahongi nava

konakone opo va mone oukwatya wolela womuhongwa keshe nghee ta hange omapyokoko

opo ku shivike nghee elihongo lomuhongwa li na okutwikila, nghee omuhongi ena

okuyandja omayambididohongo nonghee ena okonakona omikalo daye dokuhonga.

10.2 Omaludi/ /omaludi etaloshiivo

Omikalo dEtaloshiivo ina li sheywa /ina li longekidwa: omuhongi oku na okukonakona

nawa nhumbi omuhongwa keshe a hanga omapyokoko oo a hokololwa momufindahongo

wOshikwanyama, ndele ta mono nhumbi omuhongwa ta i komesho. Unene, eshi otashi dulu

okuningwa momukalo inau sheywa tashi dilile mokukonakona eyokomesho lomuhongwa

keshe melihongo, nokulideula momikalo donhumba manga tava konakona, tava fatulula

oiningwanima, tava longifa eshiivo, tava kwatafana, tava ningi omakonakono nekufombinga

lavo moinima ya kwalukeshe.

Eshi otashi ti okunongonona elihongo lomuhongwa nelalakano lokuva konakona eshi hatu

hongo nokudidilika eshi tu wete. Ovahongi ohava nongonona ovahongwa aveshe

momukokomoko woshilongwa shOshikwanyama. Ohava didilike ou e litula mo naao ine litula

mo, olyelye ha dulu okulonga sha memanguluko naao ta nane noudjuu ngeenge ta longo

sha kuye mwene. Pakupula omapulo, ohava mono ou a uda ko oshihongwa naao ina uda

ko. Mokutalela oinyangadalwa, otava dulu okudidilika kutya olyelye ta dulu okumana

oshinyangadalwa nokulongifa ounongo neshiivo, naao ita dulu. Ekufombinga, elitulemo

nomawedelepo omuhongwa moilonga youngudu nalo oha li nongonowa. Ponghatu keshe

ye lihongo, omuhongi na kwashilipaleke kutya ovahongwa otava hange omapyokoko.

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Omikalo dEtaloshiivo la sheywa /la longekidwa: etaloshiivo eli ola kwatela mo oku eta po

eenghalo dokukonakona ngaashi oukonakono vounongo pafiyafano (ouquizzes),

oukonakono vaxupi, okakonakono kopakanya, neembapila dokulongela. Eembapila

dokulongela (worksheets) ohadi kwafa unene notadi dulu okulongifwa koshipelende ile

mombapila. Osha fimana ovahongi va unganeke nokulongekida melandulafano opo va

konakone ovahongwa ndee tava yandje oitwa yoko ten (10)..

Elongifo lomakonakono lopambelewa, pakushanga nopakanya otali dulu ashike ku

konakona omapyokoko amwe po, onghee inali pumbwa okulongifa efimbo lihapu.

Oukonakono vaxupi navaningilwe motundi yelaka lotete (Oshikwanyama) ndele tava talika

ko onga oinyangadalwa yelaka.

10.3 Omafatululo oitwa (eendodo)

Omufika womuhongwa wokupondola mekwatafano nomapyokoko oo e li momufindahongo

wOshikwanyama okwa ulikwa momadidilikondada. Ngeenge eendada ta di yandjwa, oshi li

sha fimana kutya otadi hololifa nokuyandja omufika wolela womuhongwa wokupondola

kwaye mekwatafano nomapyokoko. Meendodo edi 1-3, omadidilikondada aa okwa

kwatafana kumwe noshiyelekifo shoitwa ihamano. Ekwatafano pokati keyandjo

lomadidilikondada nomapyokoko osha ulikwa ngaashi tashi landula:

Ondodo % onhalelo

yeepelesen

da (ondodo

1-12)

Efatululo lomapyokoko

A 80% Okwa hanga omapyokoko aeshe nawa kuhe na vali.

Omuhongwa nokwa hanga omapyokoko aeshe nawa kuhe

na vali

B 70-79% Okwa hanga omapyokoko aeshe nawa unene.

Okupondola kwomuhongwa oku li pombada lela yoitwa

yopokati yapumbiwa, ye okwa funda moitukulwa ihapu

yomomapyokoko

C 60-69% Okwa hanga omapyokoko nawa. Omuhongwa okwa

deuka momapyokoko sha wana

D 50-59% Okwa hanga omapyokoko sha wana. Okupondola

kwomuhongwa otaku tu kumwe noitwa yopokati

yapumbiwa. Omuhongwa ota shi shiiva a pumbwa

eyambididohongo moitukulwa imwe po.

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Ondodo % onhalelo

yeepelesen

da (ondodo

1-12)

Efatululo lomapyokoko

U 0-39% I na hanga ondodo yasha. Omuhongwa i na dula

okuhonga omapyokoko opamufika wopedu, nonande okwa

kwafelwa lela komuhongi. Omuhongwa okwa pumbwa lela

eyambididohongo

10.4 Omifindalandu domoule detaloshiivo (tali) la twikilafana

(Omafatululo aa otaa dulu okumonika mOmufindalandu wOpashiwana wEhongo

lopedu)

Etaloshiivo oli na okukala oshitukulwa shomelongekido loshihongwa neenghedi da yela

dokukonakona nadi tulwe po. Pefimbo lotundi yoshilongwa nomangha ovahongwa tava ningi

oinyangadalwa yomongulu, omuhongi ota ningi etaloshiivo la twikilafana la sheywa naalo

inali sheywa momapyokoko aeshe a yooloka moilongwa aishe. Meendodo dopedu,

etaloshiivo ole likolelela koiyelekifo. kanghamekwa komakanghameno. Ngee oitwa

yomaadidilikondada ya yandjwa, osha fimana i ulike lela ondodo yepondolo lomuhongwa

mekwatafano nomapyokoko.

10.4.1 Etaloshiivo tali twikile ina li sheywa /longekidwa

Etaloshiivo inali sheywa otali ningwa tashi pitile menongonono loukeka nomoididilikwa

yashangwa (tala oshihopaenenwa ko 10.4.3). Eshi otashiti kutya, mangha ovahongwa ve

lipyakidila noinyangadalwa yoshihongwa, omuhongi ota didilike omapondolo nomaunyengwi

mombapila yomusholondodo wovahongwa nhumbi tava konakonwa. Osho sha didilikwa

otashi ka wilika elongekido loileshwa yokomongula, eemhumbwe deyambididohongo

nonhumbi taku tukulilwa oitwa yetaloshiivo la twikilafana la sheywa. Inashi pumbiwa ku

shangwe omafatululo /omawedelepo asha kombinga yepyokoko keshe, okangobe ashike ka

ulike kutya omuhongwa okwa likola ounongo/owino. Ashike ngeenge omuhongwa ota

nyengwa nokwa pumbwa eyambididohongo la wedwa po, oumbangi tau ulike ounyengwi

waye oya pumbiwa.

10.4.2 Etaloshiivo tali twikile la sheywa /longekidwa

Etaloshiivo la sheywa /lalongekidwa ohali ningwa konima yexulifo lenenediladilo

/oshipalanyole ile ngeenge oshikalimo shonhumba sha pumbwa ekonakono mangha

oshileshwa shi pe inashi etwa po. Ovahongi otava dulu okuyandja oukonakono vaxupi

vopakanya ile vopakushanga ile oukonakono vounongo pafiyafano (quizes) momukokomoko

woshikako. Omuhongi oha yandje oitwa ten (10) (tala 10.4.3).

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Momataloshiivo/omakonakono mahapu a ningwa, etaloshiivo/ekonakono ashike limwe la

sheywa tali didilikwa. Etaloshiivo na li ningwe pefimbo leetundi doihongwa. Eshi otashi ti

KAKU NA ovahongwa veendodo dopedu (meendodo 1-3) tava ka kala ve na “oshivike

shokakonakono” ile “elandulafano lefimbo lomakonakono” olo ovahongwa tave lihongele

okukonaakonwa.

Oitwa yetaloshiivo la sheywa ohai didilikwe meefoloma dokudidilika etaloshiivo la twikilafana.

Kexulilo loshikako, oitwa yoshihongwa keshe ohai wedwa kumwe mokakololo “koitwa aishe

kumwe. “Oupokati” owo omuvalu woitwa ya wedwa kumwe wa tukulwa nomuvalu

womataloshiivo a yandjwa, omipambulwavalu nado nadi ulikwe, ng: 3.2. Omipambulwavalu

otadi kolekwa ndee tadi ningi ondodo/oshitwa ngaashi sha ulikwa mo 10.3 ng: 2.8 = 3 nsh.t

78


11 Omusholondodo woitya tai hangwa momufindahongo wOshikwanyama

nomafatululo ayo

Didilika: Omafatululo a yandjwa apa otaa longo ashike monghalo yomufindahongo ou ndee

hameenghalo dimwe i li li

Okuyoolola pakuuda - oshe li kwatelela koilyo yokuuda ile omukalo

wokuuda/wokupwilikina; oshilonga shomatwi

nouluvi womuhongwa oyo hai va dulifa va

fatulule, va ndjadjakunune nokuudako eshi va

pwilikina

Emangelokumwe – okumangelakumwe eendada mbali ile di dulife

po ngaashi hashi ningwa pehovelo ile

komaxulilo oitya ng: ‘sh’ mu shila; ‘ty’ mu tyava

nsh.t

Omapyokoko – omaunongo haa dulu okuyelekwa, a talika ko

ongo a fimana /a pumbiwa mokuninga sha ile

moku hanga omufika wonhumba

Etaloshiivo la twikilafana - eyeleko leyokomesho lovahongwa le li

kwatelela koilonga oyo hava longele mongulu

yofikola ile oukonakono/oupulo ovo tava ninga

momukokomoko woshikako ile womudo, shi

dulife eshi tava yelekwa/konaakonwa

mekonakono limwe alike

Omikalo dokuuda ko- okuninga ovahongwa va ude ko omalityo oitya

oyo ya shangwa omu

eenghwambali– epando leendada di lile po omutumbulilo wewi

limwe ngaashi ‘sh’ mu shanga, ‘ee’ moshitya

eembe, ‘dj’ mu djala, ‘kw’ mu kwata

Oulitumbuli vavali - okupopya ewi olo tali popiwa tali

dimokalitumbuli kamwe la finda mukakwao

mokanokotyaoko tuuoko ng:...

omilungu, elakaile eehamamaohadi linyenge

eshi oulitumbuli vavali tava tungwa po

Efatululo layela– efatululo la yela pakufatulula omadiladilo

momukalo wa yela

79


Globalisation– exumifo komesho nehovakanifo mounyuni

aushe la etifwa kounghulungu nomakwatafano

a xwepopala, omafimbo amwe oha shi eta

ekano loukwatya womufyuululwakalo wopanhu

Have –a-go-pad – okambo ko ku didilika, omo ovahongwa tava

kendabala okutonga/okutumbula eendada kuvo

vene; ye omuhongi he ya a konakone oikando

ihapu nokuwapaleka apa tashi pumbiwa

Omapulo eli pamifika da yooloka ‘ongahelipi’ ile ‘omolwashike’ omapulo oo taa

pula ovahongwa va tunge po ile va faneke

omaxulifo she likwatelela koshinima shimwe va

pwilikina ile va lesha; efimbo limwe tashi yukifa

komapulo omoule (HOTS) (ounongo

wokudiladilifa moule) omapulo eendunge.

Oitya yasha – oitya oyo hai longifwa luhapu oyo hai holoka

alushe moinyolwa naayo ovahongwa ve i

pumbwa opo va dule okulesha pehe na

eongaongo ng: o, ko, imwe po, tya nsh.t

Oilifitya – oitya oyo ye lifa mokushangwa ndele

nomokutumbulwa, ashike elityo ola yooloka (itai

tongele oshinima shimwe) ng: oshikutu shange

osha tuta komeva. Onda tuta oilya mepya

Ekwatelemo laaveshe - onghatu yokukwatela mo keshe umwe

Oityalonga pauhapu - oityalonga oyo inai lundulula onghedi (ihai

lunduluka mepitafimbo nomepitafimbo loupwile)

Omutungilo welaka – eenhango delakanokutumbula

oitya/elandulafano mokulesha

Pomufika welihongo – Eshangelo olo ovahongwa ve na okushiiva

nokudula va ete po oidjemo yelihongo lavo

kexulilo lefimbo lonhumba ng: kexulilo leendodo

dopedu otava .... Omufika welihogo owa fatulula

osho ovahongi ve na okuhonga naasho

ovahongwa ve na okulihonga

Omapulo omoule – ‘ongahelipi’, ‘oshike’, na ‘openi’ omapulo a

pumbiwa kovahongwa va mone omanyamukulo

anafaangwa moinyolwa pakushanga nopakanya

Eefikola daaveshe - Eefikola odo tadi wanifa po eemhumbwe

dovahongwa ovo vehe na oupyakadi

80


melihongo. Ofikola keshe oyo ihe fi ofikola

yelikalekelwa

Onset and rime - okutula omawi eendada mokanokotya kamwe

ng:...

Phoneme - okawi li nini melaka oko taka endifa noupu

elityo ng:’m’ ya’meme’, ‘pw’ mu pwipwika

Ehongomawi- omukalo wokuhonga okulesha pakudimbuluka

omawi kutya eendada ile ehanganifo leendada

odo da kalela po eendada, ekwatafano pokati

komawi eendada nomadidiliko eendada

Eshiivo lokulesha nokutumbula yukifa keudeko lomutungilo womawi eendada

pakupopya/pakutonga oitya. Eshi osha kwatela

mo ekwateko neudeko lomawi eendada

moinyangadalwa ngaashi oiimbo, okutula

mounhokotya, okutula oitya meengudu nomewi

londada linini. Eshiivo lokulesha nokutumbula

oshe likolelela/oshe likwatelela ashike

kokupopya omawi eendada, ndee haku shanga

oalfabeta (elandulafano leendada) ile omawi

endada nosha fimana noshayaamena......

Eengwanhee – eendada nhee di lile po ewi londada limwe alike

ngaashi nghw – onghwanghwa, nanghwe,

onghwiko, onghwiyu na onghwele

Okudimbuluka – hokolola ile shanga kombinga yeshiivo

Oityalonga ihai lunduluka

(oikwakudilongwatyalonga)– oshityalonga osho hashi tungu po epitafimbo

lasho vene nepitililwafimbo lasho vene

Okuhokololulula - hokololulula ehokololol konima eshi we li

pwilikina ile we li lesha

Omukalo wokuleshulula/

wokutalulula omukalo oo ovahongwa hava longifa va

wapaleke oinyolwa yavo vene

Elilongekido lofikola/Eepologalama

delongekido lehovelo lofikola omilandu dalongekidilwa ovahongwa vondodo

yo1 moNamibia, sha dimbulukiwa kutya

ovahongwa vahapu oha ve likola sha, omanga

inava hovela oilonga oinyangadalwa yondodo

81


yo tete. Opologlama ei oya etwa po opo ku

kwafwe ovahongwa va mone omawino

nounongo wa pumbiwa melihongo la

longekidilwa ondodo oyo

okulandula oitya nomesho – nhumbi oitya ya tulwa nawa melandulafano

nokukwatakanifawa kumwe i tunge omatumbulo

oinyolwa imwe

Eenghwanhatu – eendada nhatu di lile po ewi limwe alike/otadi

tumbulwa newi londada imwe aike ngaashi ‘ndj’

ondjaba; ‘shw’ koshwa

Visualise – okutunga po efano loshinima shonhumba

momadiladilo aye

Visual perception – oshilonga shomesho nouluvi womuhongwa

osho tashi va dulifa va fatulule, va

ndjadjakunune nokuuda ko osho ve wete/tava

tale

Ounongo wokulihonga oitya – endjadjukununo/okutamununa mo elityo

nokulongifa oitya

82


The National Institute for Educational Development Private Bag 2034 Okahandja NAMIBIA Telephone: +64 62 509000 Facsimile: +64 62 509033 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.nied.edu.na © NIED 2014

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