STRATEGIES FOR MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON SMALL ISLANDS IN

INDONESIA

Ministry of Marine Affairs and FisheriesRepublic of Indonesia

Cancun, 4 December 2010

Dr. Toni RuchimatDirector of Small Islands Management

Territorial waters = 3,1 million km2ZEEI = 2,7 million km2Coastlines = 95,181kmIslands = 17,480 (formerly : 17,504)Districs/Cities on Coastal Area = More than 300out of 440more than 60 % of 234 million of Indonesianpopulation live in the coasts and small islands

ARCHIPELAGIC STATE OF INDONESIA

Present condition3

Inudation in Low Land and Back Swamp

Beach Erossion

Giant Wave and Flooding

Sea Water Intrusion to River and

Ground Water

River Level Rise

Tidaland Wave Change

Sediment Deposit Change

Global Warming

Climate change

Physical Environment

changeThe Impact of Coastal and Small Islands

Area

Sea Level Rise

Wind Rose

Change

Precipitation and Hidrology change

Atmosphere and Water Temperature

Change

Beach Morphology

Natural Ecosystem

Settlement Water Resource

Beach Infrastructures

Source : GEC

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 a. Before Sea Level Rise b. After Sea Level Rise

Coastal and small islands areas Source: Subandono (2007)

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POLICIES AND PROGRAMS ON MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION FOR SMALL ISLANDS

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• Act No. 32/ 2004 • authority and responsibility Local Goverment has to

conserve small islands and its natural resources and to prevent from the impacts of climate change (Article 18 )

• Act No. 27/ 2007, • obligation for integrating disaster risk reduction and

promoting adaptation and mitigation on managing coastal zone and small islands

• Gov’t Regulation No. 62/2010 • strengthening the role of outer small islands and

preventing from adverse impacts of climate change

• Roadmap of Marine and Fisheries Sector for Climate Change Impacts

LEGAL BASIS

NATIONAL POLICIES AND PROGRAMS

Monitoring, inventory and data collecting on climate change and SLR (vulnerability index)

Formulate of adjustment measures & disaster risk reduction through policy comprehensively within the framework of ICM

Mapping of areas vulnerable to SLR and recorded the increase in detail for the reduction strategy / action and adaptation policies.

Enhance of public awareness activities interm of potential impacts of climate change

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• 8,000 coastal villages with a population 16 million inhabitants

• Relatively weak due to lack of infrastructure, education level, remote and some are isolated from administrative and social services, so that their vulnerability is higher.

• Climate change will intensively reduce resilience capacity

ADAPTATION CAPACITY OF COASTAL AND SMALL ISLANDS COMMUNITIES

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STRUCTURES NATURAL PROTECTION EFFORTS (Mangrove, sand dune, coral reefs and forest).

ARTISANAL PROTECTION EFFORTS• breakwater, seawall, protective dike construction , stage house• Reef transplantation

NON STRUCTURES:• MAPPING OF DISASTERS AREAS• TRANSFER / RELOCATION• LAND USE, AND ZONING• ESTABLISHMENT OF SHORELINE AND RIVER• PUBLIC INFORMATION & COUNSELING• LAW ENFORCEMENT, TRAINING AND SIMULATION

OF DISASTER MITIGATION,• INTEGRATED COASTAL AND OCEAN

MANAGEMENT• POVERTY REDUCTION

REDUCING RISKS FROM THE IMPACT OF DISASTERS (SLR / WAVE, ETC)

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION EFFORTS

MID - TERM• Develop of planning hierarchial of coastal

and small islands which consist of disaster issues including climate change

• Climate Change Action Plan• Planning hierarchial of mainstreamed into

development planning system• Choosing of the technology adaptation,

effective and efficient (accommodation, protection)

• Choosing mitigation technology• Improved of institutional capacity• Sosilization and public awareness• Acceleration of District Regulationsthe that

have include of disaster-prone and disaster risk maps

• Acceleration of decision about Strategic Plan, which already contained mitigation strategies

SHORT TERM• Research to determine the role

of the Ocean etc• Strengthening of Database • Disaster-prone map compilation• Research index of vulnerability

of coastal areas and small islands

• Index of coastal vulnerability to climate change

• Preparation of risk maps of climate change

• Develop of norms, standards, guidelines and criteria on climate change mitigation and adaptation

LONG TERM • Build Climate Resilience Village (CRV)

for coastal areas• Build Climate Resilience Village (CRV)

for small islands• Adjustment level and strengthening the

building structure and main facilities in the coastal and small islands region

• Management and protection of outermost small islands as a starting point the state border

• Disaster management due to the impact hazard extreme weather events and climate variability in integrated coastal

• Adjustment of fishing management• Adjustment of aquaculture cultivation of

sea water, brackish water and freshwater

• Functioning of infrastructure and coastal and small islands ecosystems as mitigation and adaptation measure.

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

PLANNING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION

SLR Scenario: Baddi Islands, South Sulawesi

3D Model of Baddi Island, South Sulawesi

Present condition

After 50 years

After 400 years

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Mangrove

Plantation and Rehabilitation

EFFORTS OF MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION

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artificial reef and tranplantation

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Housing (Bedono village in central java)

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Seawall Structure

REVETMENT

REVETMENT

FINANCING

National Budget Provincial and Districts

Budget Re-allocation of govt.

subsidies to better management

Collaborative funding with NGO”s

Regional and International Collaborative (CTI, MFF, etc)

Corporate Social Responsibities (CSR) with Private sectors

Thank you...Gracias ...

Further Contact:

Directorate General of Marine, Coastal and Small Islands, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries

Mina Bahari III Building 10th FloorJl. Merdeka Timur No. 16, Jakarta Pusat - Indonesia

Phone/Fax : (+62 21) 3522058www.ppk-kp3k.dkp.go.id