minnesota: the legal requirements of boating minnesota: the legal requirements of boating your...

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Minnesota: The Legal Requirements of Boating

Your Boat’s Registration and Validation DecalsRequirements for boat registration vary from state to state. In Minnesota, you ◆must have a Department of Natural Resources (DNR) License Certificate (registration card) and validation decals to operate a boat legally on Minnesota’s public waters. Exceptions to the registration requirements include:

Boats currently registered in another state or a foreign country and not kept •in Minnesota for more than 90 consecutive days Boats documented with the U.S. Coast Guard •Duck boats during the duck hunting season, rice boats during the harvest •season, and seaplanes Non-motorized boats 9 feet in length or less •

The registration card and validation decals are obtained by submitting the ◆proper application form and fee in person at any deputy registrar of motor vehicles (where you license your car) or at the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) License Center located at 500 Lafayette Road in St. Paul. For renewals, you may register online at www.wildlifelicense.com/mn/.The registration card must be signed, on board, and available for inspection by an ◆enforcement officer whenever the boat is operated. You are not required to carry the registration card on board when operating a non-motorized canoe, kayak, rowing shell, paddle boat, sailboat, or sailboard, but must produce it within a reasonable time if an enforcement officer asks to see it.The registration number and validation decals must be displayed as follows. ◆

Number must be painted, decaled, or otherwise affixed to each side of the •bow on the forward half of the boat, placed to be clearly visible. Number must read from left to right on both sides of the boat. •Number must be in bold, • BLOCK letters, at least 3-inches high. Number’s color must contrast with its background. •Letters must be separated from the numbers by a 3 to 4 inch space or a •hyphen. For example: MN 3717 ZW or MN-3717-ZW. No other number, letter, design, or insignia may appear within 24 inches of •the registration number or the validation decals. Validation decals must be affixed on both sides of the bow, placed to the •stern or rear of the registration number within four inches of the number. Only decals that are current may be visible, so remove expired decals before applying new ones.

Non-motorized canoes, kayaks, rowing shells, paddle boats, sailboards, and ◆sailboats must display the validation decal on each side of the forward half of the boat, but are not required to display the registration number. On non-mo-torized sailboards and sailboats, you may place the decals on the stern if it is impossible, because of the boat’s design, to place them on the bow.

Other Facts about Registering and Titling Your VesselWhen you register your boat, you need to know its length, manufacturer, type of ◆hull material, type of propulsion, model, year, and serial or hull identification number (HIN). Also you must have a sales receipt that shows that you have paid the sales tax. Boat registrations cover a period of three calendar years and expire on ◆December 31 of the last year that the registration is valid. The expiration date appears on both the registration card and on the validation decals. Normally, you will receive a notice by mail to renew your registration for another three- year period.

License Certificate (Registration Card)The registration card must be carried on board whenever the vessel is operated.

PWCs are also required

to display the registration number and validation decals.

MN 3818 ZW ■

Validation Decal

■ MN 3717 ZW

Spaces or hyphens should appear here.

Minnesota

07Minnesota Department of Natural Resources

Watercraft Registration Decal

Registration #: MN 1027JSExpires: Dec 31, 2007

Year 2002 Make ALUMACRAFT Length 17'00"

01/1

2/20

04 0

9:03

Age

nt 0

9921

7Tx

n #

010

5266

63

TID

40

0021

2

Copyright © 2007 by Boat Ed. All rights reserved. Boat Ed is not responsible or liable for any claims, liabilities, damages, or other adverse effects or consequences to any person or property caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly from the application or use of the information contained in this publication. Boat Ed, 2906 Ladybird Lane, Dallas, TX, 75220

2 ■ State Law

When you obtain your new registration card and validation decals, discard ◆your old registration card and replace the expired decals on your boat. If you buy a boat that is currently registered in Minnesota, obtain the current ◆registration card from the previous owner. Within 15 days of the transfer, you must send or take the registration card, application for transfer, and transfer fee to the DNR License Center or deputy registrar. If you abandon or destroy your boat, or register it in another state, you must ◆notify the DNR License Center within 15 days. If you lose or destroy your registration card, you may apply for a duplicate at ◆your local deputy registrar or the DNR License Center. Duplicate registration fees vary based on the type of boat. Larger recreational vessels, owned by U.S. citizens, may (at the option of ◆the owner) be documented with the U.S. Coast Guard. Call the USCG at 1-800-799-8362 for more information. Visit the U.S. Coast Guard National Vessel Documentation Center website at http://www.uscg.mil/hq/g-m/vdoc/genpub.htm to read more about obtaining the U.S. Coast Guard’s Certificate of Documentation.

Boat TitlingAs a safeguard for boat owners, Minnesota law requires the titling of many ◆boats over 16 feet in length. A title provides proof of ownership, which becomes very important when buying or selling a boat. A title also aids in the recovery of stolen boats.If you need to title your boat, or aren’t sure if it needs to be titled, contact any ◆deputy registrar of motor vehicles or the DNR License Center for more infor-mation.

Hull Identification NumberThe Hull Identification Number (HIN) is a unique, 12-digit number assigned ◆by the manufacturer to boats built after 1972.Hull Identification Numbers: ◆

Distinguish one boat from another—the same as serial numbers distinguish •one car from another. Are engraved into the fiberglass or on a metal plate permanently attached, •usually to the transom.

You should write down your HIN and put it in a place separate from your ◆boat in case warranty problems arise or your boat is stolen.

Who May Operate a Motorboat (Other Than a Personal Watercraft)These restrictions apply to motorboat operators less than 12 years old: ◆

For engines 25 horsepower or less, those under 12 years old may operate •with no restrictions. For engines more than 25 horsepower through 75 horsepower, those under •12 years old must have someone at least 21 years of age on board who is within reach of the controls. For engines over 75 horsepower, no one younger than 12 may operate, even •with an adult on board.

Other restrictions apply to motorboat operators 12 to 17 years old. Motorboat ◆operators from 12 to 17 years of age may operate engines of 25 horsepower or less with no restrictions. For engines over 25 horsepower, operators 12 to 17 years of age must have either:

A watercraft operator’s permit, • or … Someone at least 21 years old on board who is within reach of the controls. •

Questions?Call the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Boat and

Water Safety Section, at 651-259-5400 or the DNR Information Center at 651-296-6157 or 1-888-646-6367, or email [email protected].

The U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary and U.S. Power Squadrons will

perform a Vessel Safety Check

(VSC) of your vessel and equipment

free of charge. This inspection covers federal and

state requirements. If your vessel meets all VSC requirements, you will receive a VSC decal. If your vessel fails to meet all requirements, no report is made to any law enforcement agency.

ABC 67689 B6 06

Manufacturer’s Hull Serial Date of Model Identification Number Manufacture Year Code (MIC)


3State Law ■

Operators visiting Minnesota, who already possess a valid watercraft operator’s ◆certificate or permit issued by their home state, don’t need to obtain another one from Minnesota.

Who May Operate a PWCYou must be 13 years of age or older to operate a personal watercraft on ◆Minnesota’s public waters.PWC operators 13 years of age must have either: ◆

Someone at least 21 years old on board,• or … A watercraft operator’s permit and be under continuous observation by •someone at least 21 years old.

PWC operators 14 to 17 years of age must have either: ◆Someone at least 21 years old on board, • or … A watercraft operator’s permit. •

Unlawful OperationIn Minnesota, it is unlawful to operate your boat in disregard of the rights and

safety of others. Examples of unlawful operation include:Operating a boat in a careless or reckless manner ◆Operating a boat without the safety equipment required by law ◆Exceeding the carrying capacity or horsepower rating of the boat ◆Allowing occupants to ride or sit on ◆ gunwales, bow, transom, sides, stern, or decking over the bow sides when a boat is underway, unless adequate guards or railings are provided Operating a boat or allowing others to operate your boat while under the ◆influence of alcohol and/or a controlled substance Operating a boat so that its wash or wake endangers, bothers or interferes with ◆any person or property Operating a boat within an area set aside as a swimming area ◆Operating a boat above a ◆ slow-no wake speed in areas marked as no wake zones

As a boat owner, you are liable if you allow others to operate your vessel in a reckless manner or in violation of age restrictions.

Remember …

gunwale The upper edge of boat’s side (generally pronounced “gunnel”)

Watercraft Operator’s PermitOperator’s permit education materials can be obtained from the DNR, sheriff ’s offices, and some schools and marine dealers or by taking the Boat Minnesota online course and passing the test at the end.

slow-no wake speed The slowest possible speed necessary to maintain steerage, but in no case greater than five miles per hour

VOID


4 ■ State Law

Alcohol and DrugsMinnesota law prohibits anyone from boating while intoxicated (BWI) ... that is,

operating a motorboat while under the influence of alcohol, a controlled substance, or other illegal chemical. Alcohol and drugs cause impaired balance, blurred vision, poor coordination, impaired judgment, and slower reaction time. Alcohol contributes to about one-third of all fatal boating accidents nationwide. Read more about the risks of consuming alcohol in Chapter 5.

Minnesota law states that a person is considered to be boating while intoxi- ◆cated (BWI) if he or she:

Has a blood or breath alcohol concentration of 0.08 or greater • or …Is under the influence of alcohol • or … Is under the influence of a controlled substance or any other illegal chemical. •

Operators who are impaired may be required to take tests given by an ◆enforcement officer to determine their sobriety. Persons who refuse testing will be subject to a separate criminal charge for refusal, plus loss of their boating privileges for one year beginning immediately upon refusal.First time violators are subject to a fine up to $1,000 plus surcharges and/or ◆jail time and/or loss of boating privileges for 90 days during the boating season upon conviction and notification by the DNR.If any of the following aggravating factors are involved, the offense automati- ◆cally becomes a gross misdemeanor and penalties can increase to the felony level.

An alcohol concentration of .20 or more •A prior DWI conviction or refusal(s) of any kind in the past 10 years •A passenger younger than 16 years on board •

It is illegal for the owner of a motorboat to knowingly allow the boat to be ◆operated by someone under the influence of alcohol, a controlled substance, or any other illegal chemical.

Obstructing NavigationBoat operators should always be considerate of other boaters, even when stopping

to anchor or moor. Keep in mind that it is unlawful to operate a watercraft in a manner that obstructs or tends to obstruct navigation or attach a watercraft to any buoy or marker other than a mooring buoy.

Homeland Security RestrictionsRecreational boaters have a role in keeping our waterways safe and secure.

Observe and avoid all security zones, including restricted areas near dams, ◆power plants, etc. Do not stop or anchor beneath bridges or in the channel. Avoid all commercial ships (foreign or domestic) and commercial port areas on ◆Lake Superior and the Mississippi River. Do not approach within 100 yards and slow to minimum speed within 500 ◆yards of any U.S. Naval vessel. If you need to pass within 100 yards of a U.S. Naval vessel for safe passage, you must contact the U.S. Naval vessel or the Coast Guard escort vessel on VHF-FM channel 16. Keep a sharp eye out for anything that looks out of the ordinary. Report all ◆suspicious activities to the local authorities or the U.S. Coast Guard.

moor To keep a vessel in place by setting anchor or tying the vessel to a fixed object or buoy

Don’t Drink and Boat!Because you can drink faster than your system can burn the alcohol off, there is an increasing level of alcohol in your blood. This level is referred to as Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC).

The best thing you can do for your safety and the safety of your passengers and other boaters is simple …

Avoid all security zones and restricted areas. Keep a sharp eye out for anything that looks peculiar or out of the ordinary.


5State Law ■

Personal Flotation Devices (Life Jackets)All watercraft must be equipped with U.S. Coast Guard–approved life jackets,

called personal flotation devices (PFDs). The quantity and type depend on the length of your watercraft and the number of people on board and/or being towed. Each PFD must be in good condition, be the proper size for the intended wearer, and very importantly, be readily accessible! Readily accessible means you must be able to put the PFD on in a reasonable amount of time in an emergency (boat sinking, on fire, etc.). PFDs should not be stowed in plastic bags or in locked or closed compartments, and they should not have other gear stowed on top of them.

Boat operators should ask everyone on their boat to wear a PFD whenever on the water. PFDs can save lives, but only if they are worn!

PFD RequirementsAll watercraft must have at least one •Type I, II, III, or V personal flotation device that is USCG–approved and of the proper size for each person on board or being towed. Sizing for PFDs is based on body weight and/or chest size.

All PFDs must be in good and •serviceable condition and must be readily accessible.

Children under 10 years of age must •wear a USCG–approved PFD when on board a boat that is underway unless they are:

In an enclosed cabin or below deck -or …

On an anchored boat that is being -used as a platform for swimming or diving or …

On board a charter (passenger) craft -with a licensed captain.

In addition to the above require-•ments, one Type IV USCG–approved throwable PFD must be on board boats 16 feet or longer (except canoes and kayaks) and immediately available in event of emergency.

A U.S. Coast Guard–approved Type •V device may be substituted for any other approved device if it meets the same requirements and is noted on the Type V device (e.g., “Equivalent to an approved Type III device”).

Anyone riding a PWC must • wear a PFD. Persons being towed behind a watercraft should also wear a PFD. Inflatable PFDs are not approved for these activities.

PFD DescriptionsTYPE I: Offshore Life JacketsThese vests are geared for rough or remote waters where rescue may take awhile. They provide the most buoyancy, are excellent for flotation, and will turn most unconscious persons face up in the water.

TYPE II: Near-Shore VestsThese vests are good for calm waters when quick assistance or rescue is likely. Type II vests will turn some unconscious wearers face up in the water, but the turning is not as pronounced as with a Type I.

TYPE III: Flotation AidsThese vests or full-sleeved jackets are good for calm waters when quick assistance or rescue is likely. They are not for rough waters since they will not turn most unconscious persons face up. Type III PFDs are used for water sports, such as water-skiing. Some Type III PFDs are designed to inflate when you enter the water.

TYPE IV: Throwable Devices/Not WearableThese cushions and ring buoys are designed to be thrown to someone in trouble. Since a Type IV PFD is not designed to be worn, it is neither for rough waters nor for persons who are unable to hold onto it.

TYPE V: Special-Use DevicesThese vests, deck suits, hybrid PFDs, and others are designed for specific activities such as windsurfing, kayaking, or water-skiing. Some Type V PFDs are designed to inflate when you enter the water. To be acceptable, Type V PFDs must be used in accordance with their label.

Types of Personal Flotation DevicesRead and follow the label restrictions on all PFDs.

TYPE I

TYPE II

TYPE III

TYPE IIIInflatable

TYPE V

TYPE IV Ring Buoy

TYPE IV Cushion

Everyone should wear a life jacket, especially anyone who is boating:

At night or alone •In dangerous water conditions, far from •shore, or in areas with local hazards Where there is high boat traffic •In cold water •While hunting, fishing, skiing or tubing •


6 ■ State Law

PWC operators need to take special steps in case of fire. Because their fire extinguisher may not be easily accessible, they

should simply swim away fast and use another operator’s extinguisher. They should not open the engine compartment to put out the fire.

Fire ExtinguishersExtinguishers are classified by a letter and number symbol. The number ◆indicates the relative size of the extinguisher and the letter indicates the type of fire it will extinguish.

Type A• fires are of combustible solids like wood.Type B• fires are of flammable liquids like gasoline or oil.Type C• fires are electrical fires.

All motorboats should carry an approved fire extinguisher. Both state and ◆federal laws require fire extinguishers on motorboats carrying or using fuel or other inflammable fluid in any enclosure of the boat.Approved types of fire extinguishers are identified by the following marking ◆on the label—“Marine Type USCG Approved”—followed by the type and size symbols and the approval number.

Use this chart to determine the type and quantity of fire extinguishers required for your vessel.Length of Vessel Without Fixed System With Fixed System*Less than 26 feet one B-I None

26 feet to less than 40 feet two B-I or one B-II one B-I40 feet to less than 65 feet three B-I or one B-II and one B-I two B-I or one B-II

* refers to a permanently installed fire extinguisher system

Extinguishers should be placed in an accessible area ... not near the engine or ◆in a compartment, but where they can be reached immediately. Be sure you know how to operate them.Fire extinguishers must be maintained in usable condition. Inspect extin- ◆guishers regularly to ensure the following.

Seals and tamper indicators are not broken or missing. •Pressure gauges or indicators read in the operable range. •There is no physical damage, corrosion, leakage, or clogged nozzles. •

Note: When shopping for an extinguisher, it is important to look for the words “U.S. Coast Guard–Approved” right on the carton.

Check the charge level of your fire extinguishers regularly. Replace them immediately if they are not fully charged.

Fire Extinguisher Charge Indicators

green buttonTo check this style of extin-guisher, depress the green button. If it is fully charged, the green button should pop back out immediately.

On this style of fire extinguisher, the needle indicator should be in the “full” range.

Keep bilges clean and free of trash in order to reduce the risk of fire.

Remember ...


7State Law ■

Backfire Flame ArrestorsBecause boat engines may backfire, all gasoline engines (except outboards) must

have an approved backfire flame arrestor on each carburetor. They are designed to prevent the ignition of gasoline vapors in case the engine backfires.

Backfire flame arrestors must be: ◆In good and serviceable condition•U.S. Coast Guard–approved•

Periodically clean the flame arrestor and check for any damage to the metal ◆fins.

Ventilation SystemsThe importance of ventilation is crucial. The purpose of ventilation systems is

to avoid explosions by removing flammable gases. Properly installed ventilation systems greatly reduce the chance of a life-threatening explosion.

All gasoline-powered boats, constructed in a way that would entrap fumes, ◆must have at least two ventilation ducts fitted with cowls to remove the fumes. At least one exhaust duct must extend from the open atmosphere to the lower bilge. At least one intake duct must extend from a point at least midway to the bilge or below the level of the carburetor air intake. If your boat is equipped with a power ventilation system, turn it on for at least ◆four minutes after fueling and before starting your engine. If your boat is not equipped with a power ventilation system (for example, ◆a personal watercraft), open the engine compartment and sniff for gasoline fumes before starting the engine.

Mufflers and NoiseExcessive noise can prevent a boat operator from hearing signals and voices and

can disturb others. All boat engines must have a muffler, underwater exhaust, or other device that ◆adequately suppresses the sound of the motor. It is unlawful to sell, equip, or operate a motorboat (except under permit from the county sheriff or U.S. Coast Guard) so as to exceed the noise levels below:

84 decibels on the A scale at a distance of 50 feet for engines or motorized •boats built before January 1, 1982 82 decibels on the A scale at a distance of 50 feet for engines or motorized •boats built on or after January 1, 1982

Equivalent readings may also be taken from other distances. ◆It is illegal to equip a motor with any type of cut-out. ◆

Boats built after July 31, 1980, which contain power exhaust blowers in gasoline engine compartments, must have the above warning sticker placed near the instrument panel.

WARNING:Gasoline vapors can explode. Before

starting engine, operate blower for four minutes and check (using your nose)

engine compartment for gasoline vapors.

backfire Explosion of prematurely ignited fuel or of unburned exhaust gases in an internal combustion engine

Powerboats are built to ventilate the engine when underway. As the boat moves along, an air intake scoops up fresh air and forces it down the air duct into the engine compartment. The exhaust sucks out the explosive fumes from the lowest part of the engine and fuel compartments.

cowl Hooded opening designed to scoop in air


8 ■ State Law

Navigation LightsVessel operators must make sure that their vessels are equipped with the proper ◆navigation lights and use the lights during these conditions:

When away from the dock between sunset and sunrise •During periods of restricted visibility such as fog or heavy rain •

The different types of navigation lights are described in “Navigation Lights” in ◆Chapter 3. No other lights that may be mistaken for required navigation lights may be exhibited. Note: Blue or red flashing lights are restricted to use by law enforcement vessels only.The required navigation lights differ depending on the type and size of ◆your vessel. The common lighting configurations for recreational vessels are discussed below. For other configurations and requirements for larger vessels, see the U.S. Coast Guard’s Navigation Rules.

Power-Driven Vessels Less Than 65.6 Feet Long When UnderwayIf less than 65.6 feet (20 meters) long, these vessels must exhibit the lights as

shown in illustration 1. Remember, power-driven vessels include sailboats operating under engine power. The required lights are:

Red and green sidelights visible from a distance of at least two miles away—or ◆if less than 39.4 feet (12 meters) long, at least one mile away—on a dark, clear night. An all-round white light (if less than 39.4 feet long) or both a masthead light ◆and a sternlight. These lights must be visible from a distance of at least two miles away on a dark, clear night. The all-round white light (or the masthead light) must be at least 3.3 feet (one meter) higher than the sidelights.

Unpowered Vessels When Underway Unpowered vessels are sailing vessels or vessels that are paddled, poled, or rowed.

If less than 65.6 feet long, these vessels must exhibit the lights as shown in ◆illustration 2. The required lights are:

Red and green sidelights visible from a distance of at least two miles away ... •or if less than 39.4 feet long, at least one mile away ... on a dark, clear night. A sternlight visible from a distance of at least two miles away. •

If less than 23.0 feet (7 meters) long, these vessels should: ◆If practical, exhibit the same lights as required for unpowered vessels less •than 65.6 feet in length. If not practical, have on hand at least one lantern or flashlight shining a •white light as shown in illustration 3.

All Vessels When Not Underway All vessels are required to display an all-round white light visible for two miles

whenever they are anchored away from dock or moored in an area other than a designated mooring area between sunset and sunrise.

2. Unpowered Vessels Less Than 65.6 Feet

An alternative to the sidelights and sternlight is a combination red, green, and white light, which must be exhibited near the top of the mast.

3. Unpowered Vessels Less Than 23 Feet

To prevent a collision, vessel operators should never leave shore without a flashlight. Even if you plan to return before dark, unforeseen develop-ments might delay your return past nightfall.

1. Power-Driven Vessels Less Than 65.6 Feet

The red and green lighting must conform to the illustration above. Red should be on the left side of the bow and green on the right side of the bow.

Less than 39.4 feet long only


9State Law ■

Visual Distress SignalsVisual Distress Signals (VDSs) allow boat operators to signal for help in the event

of an emergency. VDSs are classified as day signals (visible in bright sunlight), night signals (visible at night), or both day and night signals. VDSs are either pyrotechnic (smoke and flames) or non-pyrotechnic (non-combustible).

Boats on some waters with joint state and federal jurisdiction need to be ◆equipped with U.S. Coast Guard–approved visual distress signals (VDSs). The only body of water in Minnesota where VDSs are required is Lake Superior. All boats, regardless of length or type, are required to carry night signals when ◆operating between sunset and sunrise. Most boats must carry day signals also; exceptions to the requirement for day signals are:

Recreational boats that are less than 16 feet in length •Non-motorized open sailboats that are less than 26 feet in length •Manually propelled boats •

VDSs must be U.S. Coast Guard–approved, in serviceable condition, and ◆readily accessible.

If pyrotechnic VDSs are used, a minimum of three must be carried in the ◆boat. Also, pyrotechnic VDSs must be dated and may not be carried past their expiration date.The following combinations of signals are examples of VDSs that could be ◆carried on board to satisfy U.S. Coast Guard requirements:

Three handheld red flares (day and night) •One handheld red flare and two red meteors (day and night) •One handheld orange smoke signal (day), two floating orange smoke signals •(day), and one electric light (night only)

It is prohibited to display visual distress signals while on the water unless assis- ◆tance is required to prevent immediate or potential danger to persons on board a boat.

Electric LightNight Signal

Orange FlagDay Signal

Non-Pyrotechnic Visual Distress Signals

Orange SmokeDay Signal

Red MeteorDay and Night Signal

Red FlareDay and Night Signal

Pyrotechnic Visual Distress Signals

U.S. Coast Guard–Approved Visual Distress Signals

Pyrotechnic DevicesPyrotechnics are excellent distress signals. •However, there is potential for injury and property damage if not handled properly. These devices produce a very hot flame, and the residue can cause burns and ignite flammable materials. Pistol-launched and handheld parachute flares •and meteors have many characteristics of a firearm and must be handled with caution. In some states, they are considered a firearm and are prohibited from use. Pyrotechnic devices should be stored in a cool, •dry, and prominently marked location. They must be unexpired. •

Non-Pyrotechnic DevicesThe distress flag is a day signal only. It must •be at least 3 x 3 feet with a black square and ball on an orange background. The electric distress light is accepted for night •use only and must automatically flash the international SOS distress signal.

Arm SignalAlthough this signal does not meet VDS equipment requirements, wave your arms to summon help if you do not have other distress signals on board.

federally controlled waters Waters on which vessels must observe federal requirements, including VDS requirements; these waters include:

Coastal waters •The Great Lakes •Territorial seas •Bodies of water connected directly to one of the •above, up to a point where the body of water is less than two miles wide

A few examples of


10 ■ State Law

Sound-Producing DevicesIn periods of reduced visibility or whenever a boat operator needs to signal his

or her intentions or position, a sound-producing device is essential. The navigation rules for meeting head-on, crossing and overtaking situations described in Chapter 3 are examples of when sound signals are required.

On Minnesota waters ◆ , the requirements for sound producing devices are:Motorboats 16 feet to less than 26 feet• must carry a hand, mouth, or power-operated whistle or horn capable of producing a continuous sound for two seconds and audible for at least one-half mile. Motorboats 26 feet to less than 40 feet• must carry a hand or power-operated whistle or horn capable of producing a continuous sound for two seconds and audible for at least one mile. Motorboats 40 feet or longer• must carry a power-operated whistle or horn capable of producing a continuous sound for two seconds and audible for at least one mile.

On ◆ federally controlled waters, the requirements are:Boats less than 65.6 feet• (20 meters) in length, which includes PWCs, are required to carry on board a mouth, hand, or power operated whistle or horn or some other means to make an efficient sound signal. Boats that are 65.6 feet • (20 meters) or more in length are required to carry on board a whistle or horn, and a bell.

The only boat that may carry a siren is a government patrol vessel. ◆

Other EquipmentDiver-Down Flags: ◆ Scuba divers must display a diver-down warning flag when diving. No more than four divers may dive under one flag, and divers must remain within 50 feet of their flag. Vessels not involved with the diving operation must remain 150 feet away from the flag. The diver-down flags are:

A rectangular red flag, at least 15 x 12 inches, with a white diagonal stripe if •on Minnesota waters.A blue and white International Code Flag A (or Alfa flag) is to be displayed •on the boat if diving on federally controlled or international waters. This flag indicates that a boat is involved in a diving activity.

Trailers: ◆ Minnesota law requires the following for trailers: Trailers may not exceed 45 feet in length. No trailer load may exceed 8 ½ •feet in width or 13 ½ feet in height. Brakes are required on trailers with a load capacity of 3,000 pounds, or •more. Taillights are required on all trailers. Larger trailers also require clearance •and/or marker lamps. Signal and brake lamps are recommended. Safety chains are required. Safety chains should be crossed so the coupling •will not fall to the road if the trailer becomes unhitched.

Special Events: ◆ Persons holding regattas, races, tournaments, or other events must obtain a permit from the county sheriff first, or, if event is to be held on commercially navigable or joint-jurisdiction waterways, also from the U.S. Coast Guard.Markers and Buoys: ◆ Private waterway markers or buoys may not be placed in the water overnight without a permit from the county sheriff.Local Regulations: ◆ Certain bodies of water have local restrictions. To find out if special rules apply to a waterway on which you plan to boat, call the county sheriff or a DNR office, or check the DNR website at www.dnr.state.mn.us/boating then click on “Local Surface Use Regulations.””

Divers Flag Alfa Flag (Federal)

Scuba divers and snorkelers should not place a flag in an area already occupied by other boaters or where their diving operation will impede the normal flow of waterway traffic. Divers should also follow all of the water safety rules themselves. The blue and white Alfa flag is required to be displayed by boats involved in diving or other activities on federal waters that restrict the boat’s ability to move.

Common Sound SignalsSome common sound signals that you should be familiar with as a recreational boater are as follows.Changing Direction

One short blast • tells other boaters “I intend to pass you on my port (left) side.” Two short blasts • tell other boaters “I intend to pass you on my starboard (right) side.” Three short blasts • tell other boaters “I am backing up.”

Restricted VisibilityOne prolonged blast • at intervals of not more than two minutes is the signal used by power-driven vessels when underway. One prolonged blast plus two short •blasts at intervals of not more than two minutes is the signal used by sailing vessels.

WarningOne prolonged blast • is a warning signal (for example, used when coming around a blind bend or exiting a slip). Five (or more) short, rapid blasts • signal danger or signal that you do not understand or disagree with the other boater’s intentions.

federally controlled waters Waters on which vessels must observe federal requirements, including VDS requirements; these waters include:

Coastal waters •The Great Lakes •Territorial seas •Bodies of water connected directly to one of the •above, up to a point where the body of water is less than two miles wide

A few examples of


11State Law ■

Requirements Specific to Personal Watercraft (PWCs)In addition to adhering to all boating laws and age restrictions, PWC operators

have requirements specific to their watercraft. Personal watercraft are required to have a “rules decal” (provided at no charge ◆by the DNR) affixed to the PWC in full view of the operator. Anyone operating or riding on a PWC must wear a U.S. Coast Guard- ◆approved Type I, II, III, or V personal flotation device (PFD or life jacket). Operation of personal watercraft is permitted only between 9:30 a.m. and one ◆hour before sunset. If the PWC is equipped with a lanyard-type ignition safety switch, the lanyard ◆must be attached to the person, clothing, or PFD of the operator. You may not operate a PWC if any part of the spring-loaded throttle system ◆has been removed or tampered with so that it interferes with the return-to-idle system. PWCs may not be operated in a manner that endangers life, limb, or property. ◆PWC operators may not weave through congested waterway traffic or jump the wake of another boat within 150 feet of that boat. This includes other personal watercraft. PWCs must travel at slow-no wake speed (5 mph or less) within 150 ft. of ◆non-motorized boats, shore, docks, swim rafts, swimmers, or any moored or anchored boat. PWCs must also travel at slow-no wake speed when passing through emergent or floating vegetation. You may not operate a PWC while facing backward. ◆It is illegal to chase, harass, or disturb wildlife with your PWC. ◆

Skiing and TubingIn addition to adhering to laws as they apply to all boats, boat operators towing

a person(s) on water-skis, tube, a surfboard, a saucer, or a similar device must obey these laws also.

Every boat towing a person(s) on water-skis or a similar device must have: ◆An observer, other than the boat operator, who is continuously watching the •person being towed or … A wide angle rearview mirror. •

If towing a person on water-skis or a similar device behind a PWC, there must ◆be:

An additional person on board the PWC to act as an observer (this observer •does not have to be facing backward), or … A factory-installed or factory-specified wide-field rearview mirror. •

The skier towed must wear a PFD or there must be a PFD carried on board ◆the boat for the skier. It is strongly recommended that anyone being towed wear an impact-tested PFD designed for water-skiing. Water-skiing and similar acts are prohibited between one hour after sunset and ◆sunrise the next day. PWCs may tow or operate only between 9:30 am and one hour before sunset. Water-ski tow ropes may not be longer than 150 feet in length unless a permit ◆is obtained from the county sheriff.

As an owner of a PWC, you are legally responsible if you allow your PWC to be operated by others in violation of Minnesota law.

Remember …

Stay Up-to-Date on New Boating Laws!Be sure to stay abreast of new boating laws and requirements.

For state boating law information, contact the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources:

Call • 1-888-646-6367 orVisit • www.dnr.state.mn.us

For federal boating laws, visit the U.S. Coast Guard’s Boating safety website:

www.uscgboating.org •Information in this manual does not replace the legal requirements for boating in Minnesota, which is found in Minnesota statutes and rules and federal laws. See the Minnesota Boating Guide for more information.

Water-skiers should wear U.S. Coast Guard-approved PFDs which are impact-tested and provide good protection for the skier.

MN 3818 ZW ■

Mandatory PWC Rules Decal


12 ■ State Law

Waste, Oil, and Trash Disposal in Minnesota and Federal WatersIt is illegal to discharge waste, oil, or trash into any state or federally controlled ◆waters. This is for very good reasons:

Sewage carries disease and other pollutants that are harmful to people, •aquatic plants and animals. Trash thrown into the water can injure swimmers and wildlife alike. It can •also plug engine cooling water intakes. Pollution is unsightly and takes away from your enjoyment of the water. •

Boat operators need to be aware of the following regulations for waste, oil, ◆and trash disposal that apply to both federally controlled and state waters. The Refuse Act prohibits throwing, discharging, or depositing any refuse matter of any kind (including trash, garbage, oil, and other liquid pollutants) into the waters of the United States.

Discharge of Sewage and WasteUnder state law, toilets on board boats must be no-discharge devices (see excep-

tions below). Waste must be retained on board for proper disposal after returning to shore.

If you have a recreational boat with permanently installed toilet facilities, it ◆must have an operable marine sanitation device (MSD) on board. All perma-nently installed devices must be U.S. Coast Guard-certified.There are three types of MSDs. ◆

A Type III MSD, the simplest and most common, consists of holding tanks •or portable toilets. It requires only a small storage space and is simple to operate. Type III MSDs have the least effect on the environment since the waste is to be discharged on shore into a local sewage treatment facility. Types I and II MSDs are usually found on large boats. Waste is treated with •special chemicals to kill bacteria before the waste is discharged. Types I and II MSDs with “Y” valves that direct the waste overboard must be secured so that the valve cannot be opened. This can be done by placing a lock or non-reusable seal on the “Y” valve or by taking the handle off the “Y” valve.

Type I and II USCG–certified treatment / discharge marine sanitation devices ◆are currently legal only on the Mississippi River below Lock and Dam #2 (at Hastings) and on Lake Superior. This is a result of the federal preemption of state law. MSDs on boats less than 65 feet in length must be USCG–certified Type I or II devices.

Discharge of TrashThe Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships places limitations on the discharge of

garbage from boats. It is illegal to dump refuse, garbage, or plastics into any state or federally controlled waters. Many forms of litter can kill birds, fish, and marine mammals.

You must store trash in a container while on board and place it in a proper ◆receptacle after returning to shore. If boating on federally controlled waters and your boat is 26 feet or longer, ◆you must display a Garbage Disposal Placard in a prominent location. The Garbage Disposal Placard is a durable sign that is at least 4 x 9 inches and notifies passengers and crew about discharge restrictions.

Discharge of Oil and Other Hazardous SubstancesRegulations issued under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act require all

boats with propulsion machinery to be able to retain oil mixtures on board.You are not allowed to discharge oil or hazardous substances. The penalty for ◆illegal discharge may be a fine of up to $10,000. You are not allowed to dump oil into the bilge of the boat without means for ◆proper disposal. Fuel spills can be removed using absorbent bilge pads.

Pump-Out Station

Typical Marine Sanitation Device

Drainage to pump-out station“Y” valve must be sealed so

waste cannot be discharged into the water

Pump-Out Station SignSigns like these are posted at marine sanitation pump-out stations in Minnesota.

It is illegal for any vessel to dump plastic trash anywhere in the ocean or navigable waters of the United States. Annex V of the MARPOL TREATY is a new International Law for a cleaner, safer marine environment. Each violation of these requirements may result in civil penalty up to $25,000, a fine up to $50,000, and imprisonment up to 5 years.

U.S. lakes, rivers, bays, sounds, and 3 miles from shoreILLEGAL TO DUMP:Plastic GarbagePaper MetalRags CrockeryGlass DunnageFood

3 to 12 milesILLEGAL TO DUMP:Plastic Dunnage (lining & packing materials that float)Also, if not ground to less than one inch:Garbage MetalPaper Crockery Rags Food Glass

12 to 25 milesILLEGAL TO DUMP:Plastic Dunnage (lining & packing materials that float) Outside 25 miles

ILLEGAL TO DUMP:Plastic

Working together we can all make a difference!State and local regulations may further restrict the disposal of garbage

Garbage Disposal PlacardCopyright © 2007 by Boat Ed. All rights reserved. Boat Ed is not responsible or liable for any claims, liabilities, damages, or other adverse effects or consequences to any person or property caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly from the application or use of the information contained in this publication. Boat Ed, 2906 Ladybird Lane, Dallas, TX, 75220

13State Law ■

You must dispose of oil waste at an approved reception facility. On recreational ◆boats, a bucket or bailer is adequate for temporary storage prior to disposing of the oil waste at an approved facility. You must notify the U.S. Coast Guard immediately if your boat discharges oil ◆or hazardous substances in the water. Call toll-free 1-800-424-8802. Report the discharge’s location, color, source, substances, size, and time observed. If boating on federally controlled waters and your boat is 26 feet or longer, ◆you must display a 5 x 8-inch placard made of durable material, fixed in a conspicuous place in the machinery spaces or at the bilge pump control station, stating the following:

Waste Management PlanOcean-going vessels that are 40 feet or more in length with cooking and ◆sleeping facilities must have a written Waste Management Plan. The captain of the vessel is responsible for implementing the Waste ◆Management Plan. The Waste Management Plan, identifying the vessel’s name and home port, ◆should be posted and should include directives to all persons on board about:

Discharging sewage and hazardous substances •Discharging garbage and other food waste •Disposing of plastics, bottles, and cans •Reading applicable placards for additional information •Advising the captain in case of oily discharges or diesel spills •

Stop Harmful Exotic SpeciesMinnesota waters are threatened by a number of species of exotic plants and ◆animals, which often spread between waterways by hitching a ride on boats and trailers. When moved into new waters, these species rapidly multiply, damaging the water resource. It is illegal to transport any aquatic plants, the Ruffe, Round Goby, Zebra Mussel, Sea Lamprey, or other prohibited exotic species on public roads or to launch a boat or trailer with these species attached.You can stop the spread of nuisance species by doing the following: ◆

Remove any visible plants and animals from your boat, trailer, and boating •equipment before leaving any waterway. Drain water from the motor, live well, bilge, and transom wells at the ramp •or access before leaving any waterway. Empty your bait bucket on land. Never release live bait into a waterway. •Wash and dry your boat and boating equipment to kill harmful species that •were not visible at the waterway. Before transporting your boat to another waterway, either rinse your boat and trailer with hot tap water, spray your boat and trailer with high-pressure water at a car wash, or allow your boat and equipment to dry for at least five days.

For more information, contact the DNR Exotic Species Program, Ecological ◆Services, at 651-259-5100 or 1-888-646-6367.

What to Do in Case of Discharge:If your vessel discharges oil or hazardous substances in the water,

notify the U.S. Coast Guard by calling:1-800-424-8802 •

Also notify the PCA State Duty Officer at1-800-422-0798 • or651-649-5451 •

Oil Discharge PlacardA 5 x 8-inch sign that states the law pertaining to oil dischargeDischarge of Oil Prohibited

The Federal Water Pollution Control Act prohibits the discharge of oil or oily waste upon or into any navigable waters of the U.S. The prohibition includes any discharge which causes a film or discoloration of the surface of the water or causes a sludge or emulsion beneath the surface of the water. Violators are subject to substantial civil and/or criminal sanctions including fines and imprisonment.


14 ■ State Law

Boating Accidents and Casualties … What the Law Requires You to DoBy law, you must stop and render whatever assistance is necessary to any ◆person involved in a boating accident unless the action would endanger your own boat, crew or passengers.By law, boat operators involved in an accident must report the accident by the ◆quickest means possible to the county sheriff where the accident or incident occurred if it has resulted in:

Property damage of $2,000 or more • or … Total loss of a boat • or … Personal injury • or … Fatality. •

If a second boat or other property is involved, the operator must provide his ◆or her name and address, the boat registration number, and the owner’s name and address to the other operator or owner.

Enforcement and PenaltiesThe boat and water safety laws of Minnesota are enforced by Department

of Natural Resources conservation officers and county sheriffs. The U.S. Coast Guard and the National Park Service also have enforcement authority on federally controlled waters. Whenever an enforcement officer contacts you, you are required to stop your boat and allow the officer to come alongside. Enforcement officers have the right to stop and board boats in order to check for compliance with federal and state laws.

Persons who violate boat and water safety statutes are subject to arrest. ◆Violation of a boat and water safety statute or rule is a misdemeanor, with some exceptions for repeat violations or more serious offenses. Juvenile boating offenders are generally directed to a juvenile court but in ◆some cases may be referred to a regular court.

Minnesota DNR conservation officers and county sheriffs enforce Minnesota’s boating laws, as well as other regulations.

Federal JurisdictionIn Minnesota, federal jurisdiction applies to waters such as Lake Superior, Canadian border waters, Mississippi and St. Croix Rivers, and Cass, Gull, Leech, and Winnibigoshish Lakes.


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