minoan mycenaean phoenician
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Minoan Mycenaean Phoenician. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
MinoanMycenaeanPhoenician
SETTING THE STAGE Buddhism spread to Southeast Asia and to East Asia mainly through Buddhist traders. In the Mediterranean, the same process took place: traders in the region carried many new ideas from one society to another by the sea. They carried new ways of writing, of governing, and of worshiping their gods.
MinoansDominated trade in
Mediterranean
Lived on Crete in the Aegean Sea
Traded pottery, swords, figurines, and metals
Named after King Minos
Minoans“According to legend,
Minos was a king who owned a half-human, half-bull monster, called the Minotaur (MIHN•uh•TAWR). He kept the monster locked inside a labyrinth, a complicated maze from which no one could escape.”
MinoansKnossos: Minoan capital
Advanced, thriving city…not fortified
Painted walls depicting a graceful, athletic people who loved nature and beautiful objects
WomenHigher rank than
neighboring culturesMother Earth Goddess
Throne Room and Store Room
Throne is a solid block with the back painted with a floral motif. Frescoes contained flowers, trees, water, animals, etc. which brought the outdoors indoors. The bathroom contained a huge tub. There was hot and cold running water.
Linear A and Linear B
Minoans: Linear A was syllabic with a straight line, not deciphered
Mycenaean: Linear B was an early form of Greek and contains trade records and a system of lists including wheels, stored rations paid to textile workers, gifts to deities, and ships stationed along the coast.
MinoansIn 1470 BCE a series of earthquakes
rocked Crete. The quakes were followed by a violent volcanic eruption on the neighboring island of Thera. Imagine the shaking of the earth, the fiery volcanic blast, then a huge tidal wave, and finally a rain of white volcanic ash. The disaster of 1470 B.C. was a blow from which the Minoans never fully recovered. This time, the Minoans had trouble rebuilding their cities. Nonetheless, Minoan civilization did linger on for almost 300 years. After that, invaders from Greece may have taken advantage of their weakened condition to destroy them. Some Minoans fled to the mountains to escape the ruin of the kingdom.
MycenaeanSettled on Greek
mainland around 2000 BCE
Leading city: Mycenae (my-SEE-nee), fortified city
Led by strong rulers and warrior kings
Influenced by and adopted Minoan culture (alphabet, sea trade, pottery, politics, religion…)
First Greek speaking people
Trojan WarAdvanced through
trade AND CONQUEST10 year war:
Mycenaeans vs. the Trojans (Troy)
Homer: wrote the epics, Illiad and the Odyssey
Illiad: Trojan WarOdyssey: Odysseus’
journey home 10 years after the war ended
Grave shafts for the dead. They buried their dead with grave goods for the afterlife
MycenaeanNot long after the Trojan War, Mycenaean
civilization collapsed because of numerous attacks
Dorians move inArt of writing lost, no written records for
400 yearsThis is supposedly when Homer told his
story of Iliad and the Odyssey (maybe 750 to 700 BCE)
Oracle at Delphi
Dorians1100-700’s BCE
Entered from north with iron weapons probably acquired from the Hittites. Ruled by warrior kings
DARK AGES OF GREECE•Trade all but stopped•Poverty increased as people lost skills including writing•Refugees settled in Ionia and the adjoining islands•Responsible for creating polytheistic gods that were immortal and had human characteristics
Greek MythologyDevelop myths: stories
about their godsSought to understand
mysteries of nature and human passion
Zeus: ruler of the gods, lived on Mount Olympus with wife Hera…ladies man…
Athena their daughter, goddess of wisdom
Phoenicians1100BCE Most
powerful along the Med Sea, modern day Lebanon, Israel and Algeria (Carthage)
Wealthy city states spread out…competed with each other…trading centers
Sidon and Tyre: important city-states…known for red-purple dye
PhoeniciansExtensive trade throughout region (to
Spain and Northern AfricaGave them access to many resources:
silver, bronze, copper, glass, woodAwesome
shipbuilders and seafarers
Trade routes as far as East Asia
“Sea peoples”
PhoeniciansCarthage: greatest Phoenician colony in
Northern Africa (Algeria)