minor ailments during pregnancy

7/21/2019 minor ailments during pregnancy

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SEMINAR

Shalinijoshi

M.Sc. Nsg


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M.Sc. Nsg


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Minor

Disorder of

Pregnancyand its

Management


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WHAT IS MINOR AILMENTS OF

PREGNANCY

The anatomical physiological and biochemical

adaptations to pregnancy are profound. Thesechanges that the female body undergoes during

pregnancy begin soon after fertilization andcontinue through gestation.

These changes occur in response to physiologicalstimuli provided by the fetus and placenta. These

changes may be unpleasant as well as worryingbut they are rarely a cause for alarm as most ofthese changes are usually normal. These so-calledminor disorders or ailments of pregnancy can be

troublesome on a day to day basis


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MEANINGPregnancy is a very exciting time,

but often the minor ailmentsassociated with Pregnancy can

cause discomfort. Thediscomfort can be overcome by

making small adjustments to your

lifestyle, thereby ensuring thatyou have a healthy andcomfortable pregnancy.


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During the course of pregnancy period many changes

occur in a womans body as a result of hormonal

influences and adaptation to the gestationalprocess. Thereby, they experience a variety of

physiological and psychological symptoms such as

nausea, vomiting, backache , giddiness , heartburnand anxiety etc. These are termed as minor

ailments or discomforts of pregnancy.


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THE FOLLOWING ARE THE MINORAILMENTS OF PREGNANCY:

Backache

Constipation

Nasea an!"o#itin$

Hea%t&%n

Ank'e oe!e#a

(a%icose "eins

Hae#o%%hoi!s

Le$ c%a#ps

(a$ina' !ischa%$e

S)ncope

Inso#nia o%s'eep'essness

Pain o"e% %on!'i$a#ent

*%ina%) +%e,enc)


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BAC.ACHE!

&ackache sa'') 'asts +%o# /01eeks to te%#2

3%in$ p%e$nanc) the%e is 'a4it)5%e'a4in6 est%o$en7 o+ the spina''i$a#ents 1hich a'on$ 1ith the

1ei$ht o+ p%e$nanc) pts a st%ain

on the 8oints o+ the '#&o9sac%a'spine an! pe'"is %es'tin$ in '#&a%'o%!osis an! ante%io% ti't o+ thepe'"is conse,ent &ackache2


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"#$#%&"&$T #$D #D'()&

Maintenance o+ co%%ect post%e

A"oi!in$ 'i+tin$ hea") o&8ects

A"oi! hi$h hee's

Re$'a% ph)siothe%ap)

Fi%# #att%ess to s'eep on

Eno$h %est pa%tic'a%') in 'ate% p%e$nanc)2

S1i##in$ o+ten soothes &ackache2

Watch 1ei$ht $ain2

A"oi!in$ stan!in$ +o% 'on$ ho%s o+ ti#e2


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Constipation

Can 'ast enti%e p%e$nanc). (a%ios +acto%s cont%i&te to

constipation !%in$ p%e$nanc)61hich inc'!e9e++ect o+p%o$este%one on $t #oti'it)6ph)sica' 1ei$ht o+ the $%a"i!te%s on the %ect# an! the

se o+ i%on ta&'ets2


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MANAGEMENT

P'ent) o+ +%its6 $%een'ea+) "e$eta&'es an! +i&%e

in !iet 5Isa&$'7

P'ent) o+ 1ate% to!%ink

La4ati"es 5s%+ace

actin$7Re$'a% e4e%cises

S1i##in$


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NA*SEA AN3 (OMITING *sa'') 'ast 9;< 1eeks2

It is sa'') co##on in p%i#i$%a"i!ae an! sa'') appea%+o''o1in$ +i%st o% secon! #isse! pe%io! an! s&si!es &)the en! o+ +i%st t%i#este%2 (o#itin$ occ%s soon a+te%

$ettin$ ot o+ &e!2

=0> 1o#en ha"e &oth nasea an! "o#itin$6 /=> ha"enasea on') an! /=> na++ecte!2

The case o+ "o#itin$ is not c'ea% &t inc%ease! cho%ioni$ona!ot%opin has &een i#p'icate!2 Ps)cho'o$ica'

&ack$%on! has a'so &een i#p'icate! to p'a) a #a8o% %o'e


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MANAGEMENT AN3 A3(ICE

S#a'' +%e,ent +ee!s6 especia'')c%acke%s6 !%) toast an! ce%ea's2

A"oi! spic) an! $%eas) +oo!s

P%otein !iet Anti9e#etics a%e &ette% a"oi!e!2

P%e9nata' "ita#ins 1ith i%on a%e

a"oi!e! +o% the +i%st ;/ 1eeks2 A"oi!in$ s'ochin$ a+te% #ea's2


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HEARTB*RN 5PYROSIS)

F%o# /0 1eeks to te%#2

This co##on co#p'aint is the %es't o+ %e+'4 o+ aci!contents o+ the sto#ach2

The %e'a4ation o+ the esopha$ea' sphincte% !e to thee++ect o+ p%o$este%one an! the 1ei$ht e++ect o+ thep%e$nant te%s p%e"entin$ sto#ach e#pt)in$ a%e the

cases +o% this %e+'4 o+ aci! contents2

O"e%9eatin$6 'ate eatin$ a'coho' an! spic) +oo!scont%i&te to the p%o&'e#2

Hiats he%nia 1hich is co##on !%in$ p%e$nanc) isanothe% case o+ hea%t&%n2


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MANAGEMENT

P%oppe! p positiona+te% #ea's

S#a''e% #ea's #o%eo+ten

Antaci!s

A"oi!in$ a$$%a"atin$+acto%s


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AN.LE OE3EMA

*sually after + weeks.

#s pregnancy advances the patient maynotice swelling of their feet and

ankles. This is due to the impedimentof venous return from the lower limbs

due to the pressure effect of the

gravid uterus on the lower limb veins.

-owever eclampsia, underlying cardiacor renal impairment is to be excluded.


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MANAGEMENT

F%e,ent pe%io!s o+ %est 1ith 'i#&e'e"ation +o% at 'east ;= #intes eachti#e

A"oi!in$ 'on$ pe%io!s o+ stan!in$ o%sittin$2

3i%etics sho'! not &e se!2


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(ARICOSE (EINS 16 weeks to term.

Varicose veins in the legs and vulva may

appear for the first time or aggravate during

pregnancy. It is due to the obstruction of

the venous return by the weight of pregnant

uterus on the inferior vena cava.

It is also thought to be due to the relaxant

effect of progesterone on the vascular

smooth muscles.


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MANAGEMENT

App')in$ e'astic stockin$s o% c%epe &an!a$es+o% 'e$ "a%icosities

E'e"ation o+ 'i#& !%in$ %est2

*sa'') !isappea% !e'i"e%) No s%$ica' inte%"ention is %e,i%e!2


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HAEMMORRHOI3S

/ 1eeks to te%#2 Constipation !%in$ p%e$nanc) ten!sto a$$%a"ate the "a%icosit) o+ the"eins in the %ect#2 St%ainin$ at

stoo'6 p%o'on$e! sittin$ an! spic)+oo! a$$%a"ate the con!ition2


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MANAGEMENT

High fibre diet and Use of laxatives to keep the

bowel soft.

ocal anaesthetic !anti irritant creams can be used

"eplacement of prolapsed piles is essential


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LEG CRAMPS:

#his is due to the deficiency ofdiffusible serum calcium or

elevation of serum phosphorous.

Mana$e#ent inc'!es

Spp'e#enta%) ca'ci# the%ap) an!(it2 B; 5?0 #c$7 !ai')2

App'ication o+ 'oca' heat an!#assa$e

Hi$h !oses o+ (it2 E 500 #$7 B3o+ten p%o"es &ene+icia'2


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V$%I&$ 'I()H$"%* This is due to the increased

transudation of fluids as aresult of increased vascularityand hyperestrogenic stateduring pregnancy. The discharge

is clear and white and do nothave unpleasant smell. Management includes: #ssurance to the mother.

/ocal cleanliness.

0ule out any infection.

"etronida1ole +22mgthrice daily for 3 days,high up in the vagina at

bed time.


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SYNCOPE

The en'a%$in$ $%a"i! te%s co#p%esses the "einsin the pe'"ic &%i#6 i#pen!in$ "enos %et%n an!cases poo'in$ o+ &'oo! in the 'o1e% 'i#&s 1hichin t%n 'ea!s to !ec%ease! o4)$en spp') to the

&%ain 'ea!in$ to s)ncope2 In 'ate% p%e$nanc) the $%a"i! te%s co#p%esses

the in+e%io% "ena ca"a in the !o%sa' spineposition casin$ spine h)potension2


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+anagement

A"oi!in$ p%o'on$e! stan!in$

Gettin$ p s'o1') a+te% ')in$ o%sittin$ !o1n2

Le+t 'ate%a' ti't 1ith a 1e!$e&e'o1 the %i$ht hip a''e"iates the

p%o&'e#2


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SLEEPLESSNESS ORINSOMNIA:

+ weeks to term.

It has &een att%i&te!to the ho%#ona' chan$esthat occ% !%in$

p%e$nanc) an! can &e a#a8o% case o+ an4iet)in a p%e$nant #othe%2


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Management

Take rest in the afternoon.

Drink a glass of warm milk at bed time.

Tuck a pillow under the abdomen when

lying in a lateral position. 3ai') e4e%cise2 P'ent) o+ +%esh ai%2

A"oi! ca++eine @ #'ti"ita#in &e+o%es'eep2

Wa%# #i'k !%ink o% a 1a%# &ath he'pto a''a) an4iet) @ hence inso#nia


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*RINARY FRE*ENCY

/n!t%i#este% to te%#2

The p%ess%e o+ the $%o1in$ $%a"i! te%s!%in$ the ea%') pa%t o+ p%e$nanc)6 an! thep%ess%e o+ the +eta' hea! 1hen it en$a$es

the pe'"ic &%i# nea% +'' te%# case i%%itationo+ the &'a!!e% &ase an! p%e!ispose to %ina%)

+%e,enc)2


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OTHER MINOR

AILMENTSAN3MANAGEMENT


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ITCHING OF BO3Y

4ome mothers complain of generali1ed the itching ,whichoften starts over the abdomen.

This occur due to livers response to the hormones inpregnancy with raised bilirubin level.

(t clears after the baby is born and comfort can begained from focal applications

Mana$e#ent

#n anti5histamine is prescribed .

6ashing with mild soap and wear cotton underwear

CHLOASMA GRA(I3*M


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CHLOASMA GRA(I3*M

7"ask of pregnancy8 a butterfly pigmentation on the cheeks

9 nose. (t usually disappear few months after labor.

LINEA ALBICANS @ STRAIEGRA(I3*M

Pigmentation in the lower abdomen, flanks, inner thigh,

buttocks 9 breasts increases as pregnancy advances.

(t starts pink 7straie rubra8 then becomes pale to becomewhite 7straie albicans8 after delivery, white persists.

(n Primigravida, the straie rubra present only.

(n multigravida, both striae rubra 9 striae albicans present.


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CARPAL T*NNEL SYN3ROME

"others complain of numbness 9 pins 9 needles intheir fingers 9 hands. This usually happen in themorning, but it can occur at any time of the day.

(t is caused by fluid retention, which creates

edema 9 pressure on the median nerve.


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Nursing advice

Wea%in$ a spent at ni$ht6 1ithhan!s %estin$ on t1o o% th%ee pi''o1sso#eti#es he'ps2

Rest%iction o+ sa't intake2 F'e4in$ the +in$e%s 1hi'e the a%# is

he'! a&o"e the hea! can &e%eco##en!e!2

Ca%pa' tnne' s)n!%o#e sa'')%eso'"es spontaneos') +o''o1in$!e'i"e%)2


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BREAST SORENESS Increase in si,e and possibly some

tenderness very early during

pregnancy and this can last for the

entire pregnancy.

$lso some women will have a clear to

milky discharge from their nipples and

may need to use shields or nursing

pads to protect their clothing. $dvise to wear larger and more

supportive bras.


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BRATON HIC.S CONTRACTION

#lso known as :false labour: is an uncomfortable,irregular uterine contractions that occur periodicall

towards the end of labour.

This is a sign that uterus is preparing itself for

labour, generally these contractions begin at the topof uterus and gradually spread downwards before

relaxing .(n some women they are painless, however,others can find them uncomfortable and even a little

painful.


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-raxton Hicks contractions usually beginaround the /th week of pregnancy but for a

first pregnancy may begin earlier. %enerally0this false labour will fade with a warm bath.

If mother finds it uncomfortable try practicing

the breathing exercises or any other copingtechni2ues which have learned for use in

labour.


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I+ the cont%actions pe%sist an! #othe% is not

nea% to +'' te%# then te'' #othe% a&ot the

cont%action an! !i++e%ence &et1een +a'se an!

t%e pain an! cont%action2 I+ the cont%actions

&eco#e %e$'a%6 e"e%) +i"e #intes an! 'ast

si4t) secon!s each a!"ise #othe% to ca''hea'thca%e p%o"i!e%2

EPISTAIS


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EPISTAIS

Nose&'ee!s a%e ,ite co##on in p%e$nanc) &ecase o+

ho%#ona' chan$es2 The nose &'ee!s a%e sa'') sho%t &tcan &e ,ite hea")2

To he'p the &'ee!in$ stop6 p%ess the si!es o+ nose

to$ethe% &et1een th#& an! +o%e+in$e%6 8st &e'o1 the&on) pa%t o+ nose6 +o% ;0 #intes2 Repeat +o% a +%the%;0#intes i+ this !oes not 1o%k2 As 'on$ as #othe%!oesnDt 'ose a 'ot o+ &'oo!6 the%e is nothin$ to 1o%%)

a&ot2

I+ )o ha"e #o%e than t1o &a!

nose&'ee!s 5o% 'ots o+ 'itt'e ones76

cons't the 3octo%2


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Se"e%e an! +%e,ent nose&'ee!s #a)cont%i&te to anae#ia6 o% #a) &e a si$n o+

n!e%')in$ i''ness2 Mothe% #a) a'so +in! that he% nose $ets #o%e&'ocke! p than sa'2 The p%e$nanc)

ho%#ones #a) case the 'inin$ o+ nose an!

sinses to s1e''6 so #othe% +ee's contina'')&'ocke! p an! st++)2


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N*RSING MANAGEMENTAN3 A3(ICE

To he'p 1ith this an! to a"oi! nose&'ee!s:

B'o1 nose $ent') an! t%) to a"oi! e4p'osi"e sneees2

T%) a stea# inha'ation6 pe%haps 1ith a +e1 !%ops o+tea t%ee oi' in the 1ate%2

I+ nose is &'ocke!6 #othe% 1i'' p%o&a&') +in!s that she

&%eathe s th%o$h he% #oth6 especia'') 1hi'e shes'eeps2 This 1i'' $i"e a "e%) !%) #oth6 so keep a

$'ass o+ 1ate% han!) +o% 1hen 1ake an! se (ase'ineto keep 'ips #oist2 she #a) sta%t to sno%e2 S'eepin$

on si!e ')in$ #a) %e'ie"e this2


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I+ thin$s $et "e%) &a!6 ask!octo% a&ot sa+e !econ$estant

#e!ications2

Passin$ 1ate% +%e,ent') Nee!in$ to pass 1ate% o+ten is

an ea%') si$n o+ p%e$nanc)2So#eti#es6 it contines %i$htth%o$hot the p%e$nanc)2 In'ate% p%e$nanc)6 it is the %es'to+ the &a&)Ds hea! p%essin$2


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NASAL STIFFNESS

4ome mothers5to5be who develop ;stuffy< or ;snuffy< nosesfind them difficult to get rid of. The problem may last

until after the baby is born and may not be connected with

a cold at all

A!"ice

3onDt take co'! c%es +o% it2

Cons't )o% 3octo% i+ it is "e%) i%%itatin$ o% $ets1o%se2


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ECESSI(E SALI(ATION

This occ%s +%o# th 1eek o+ $estation an! it is tho$htthat the ho%#ones o+ p%e$nanc) a%e the case +o% it2 It

#a) acco#pan) hea%t&%n2

PICA This is the te%# se! 1hen the #othe% c%a"es ce%tain

+oo!s o% nnat%a' s&stances sch as coa'2

The case is nkno1n &t ho%#ones an! chan$es in#eta&o'is# a%e tho$ht to cont%i&te to this2

I+ the s&stances c%a"e! a%e ha%#+' to the n&o%n&a&) the #othe% #st &e he'pe! to seek #e!ica' a!"ice2


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SE*ELAEE*P*LIS @ TEN3ER G*MS

(ncreased vascularity and hypertrophy of the

interdental papillae. (t is improved usually afterpregnancy termination.

4e=uelae is an (ncreased tendency for bleeding.

0etention of food debries predisposes to sepsis 9dental caries.

N%sin$ a!"ice

3roper dental hygiene.

)ryosurgery for severe cases.


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minor ailments during pregnancy

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