minor bodies of the solar system notes.notebook...minor bodies of the solar system notes.notebook...

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Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook October 13, 2016 Pluto – discovered in 1930; made of ½ ice and ½ rock ‐9 th planet until 2006; now classified as a dwarf planet doesn’t have properties of gas planets either ‐while at perihelion Pluto is closer to the sun than Neptune ‐rotational axis is tipped so far over that the N pole actually points S of its orbital plane theory has it that it could have possibly been a moon of Neptune or is related to a comet Pluto Pluto's Orbit

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Page 1: Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook...Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook October 13, 2016 More About Comets Kuiper belt and Oort cloud are two clusters of

Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook October 13, 2016

Pluto – discovered in 1930; made of ½ ice and ½ rock 

    ‐9th planet until 2006; now classified as a dwarf planet    

‐doesn’t have properties of gas planets either

‐while at perihelion Pluto is closer to the sun than Neptune

‐rotational axis is tipped so far over that the N pole actually points S of its  orbital plane

‐theory has it that it could have possibly been a moon of Neptune or is related to a comet  

Pluto

Pluto's Orbit

Page 2: Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook...Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook October 13, 2016 More About Comets Kuiper belt and Oort cloud are two clusters of

Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook October 13, 2016

Into the Asteroid Field

Meteors and Asteroids• Asteroids

‐leftovers from the formation of the solar system

‐range in size from 2km to about 1000km 

‐interplanetary material falls toward earth and enters the atmosphere is a meteoroid 

‐when it burns up in the atmosphere producing a streak of light called a meteor 

‐when it hits the ground it is called a meteorite

Page 3: Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook...Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook October 13, 2016 More About Comets Kuiper belt and Oort cloud are two clusters of

Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook October 13, 2016

Comets

­small, icy bodies w/ highly eccentric orbits around the sun

­made of ice and rock ­consists of a coma ,the nucleus, and the tail

 ­tail always points away from the sun b/c of particles 

and ions coming from the sun and pressure of radiation from the sun 

Comets

 

Comet Hartley 2, taken by NASA on November 4, 2010, by Deep Impact spacecraft

Comet Tempel 1, taken by Deep Impact on July 4th, 2005

Comet West, 1975

Page 4: Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook...Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook October 13, 2016 More About Comets Kuiper belt and Oort cloud are two clusters of

Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook October 13, 2016

More AboutComets

 ­Kuiper belt and Oort cloud are two clusters of comets

­Kuiper belt is close to Pluto­Oort cloud is more than 100,000AU from the sun­Collisions among large objects sometimes send 

comets toward the inner solar system.

­comets that repeatedly orbit into the inner solar system are known as periodic comets.  Example Halley’s Comet ­when earth intersects a cometary orbit earth    

experiences a meteor shower where particles from the comet burn up in the atmosphere

Question ­­ How do the planets move around the sun?

Page 5: Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook...Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook October 13, 2016 More About Comets Kuiper belt and Oort cloud are two clusters of

Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook October 13, 2016

• 16th century Kepler proved that the planets orbited in ellipses counterclockwise and not complete circles— Kepler’s 3 Laws of Planetary Motion

• Kepler’s 1st Law of Ellipses:  states that planets travel in     elliptical orbits around the sun at one focus.  This means the planet is not always the same distance from the sun.  The point in a planet’s orbit where it is farthest from the sun is the aphelion, while the point nearest the sun is its perihelion.

> When the object is near the sun, it moves relatively rapidly.  When the object is far from the sun, it moves relatively slowly.

> However, the area covered during the elliptical orbit around the sun is same, given equal amounts of time. 

Kepler’s 2nd Law of Equal Areas:  states that each planet moves around the sun in an orbit where at any point there is an equal area btw. the planet and sun.   This law is true b/c the planet’s orbit is elliptical.  The equal area law means that the speed at which planets travel around the sun is not constant.

Page 6: Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook...Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook October 13, 2016 More About Comets Kuiper belt and Oort cloud are two clusters of

Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook October 13, 2016

• Kepler’s 3rd Law of Periods:  states that the period (the time it takes a planet to orbit the sun) squared is = to the cube of its average distance from the sun.

 P2 = a3  

  • The asteroid belt is located between Mars and Jupiter.• Meteoroid – chunk of metal/stone that orbits the sun.  

(millions enter our atmosphere daily)• Meteor – streak of light that is produced by a burning 

meteoroid.• Meteorite – a meteor that strikes the Earth’s surface.

Asteroid Belt

Page 7: Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook...Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook October 13, 2016 More About Comets Kuiper belt and Oort cloud are two clusters of

Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook October 13, 2016

 • 1.  What keeps our solar system together?• 2.  What force keeps planets in motion?• 3.  What are the four inner planets?• 4.  What are the five outer planets?• 5.  Which is the sister planet to the earth?

Review

Page 8: Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook...Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook October 13, 2016 More About Comets Kuiper belt and Oort cloud are two clusters of

Minor Bodies of the Solar System Notes.notebook October 13, 2016