minor transgressions, major consequences

8/3/2019 Minor Transgressions, Major Consequences

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Jlgcu[ubg~muo~~lcg~&

JbacuNcg~orogno~

B yln{uocd 2=*|obu*cfk~lg {ho Jb~~bnh~o{{~nuljlgbf a~{lno ~|~{oj

Nl{lqog~ dcu Atoglfo A~{lno


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]hlfo Nl{lqog~ dcu Atoglfo A~{lno l~ ~cfof| uo~ycg~lefo dcu {ho cylglcg~ bgk uoncjjogkb{lcg~ lg*nfkok lg {hl~ uoycu{& {ho dcffc}lgm mucy~ bgk lgkltlkbf~ yuctlkok ~ }l{h lgtbfbefo b~~l~{bgno& lg*dcujb{lcg& bgk {hcmh{df klbfcmo bec{ {ho eo~{ }b| {c ~outo Jb~~bnh~o{{~ |cgm yocyfo }hceoncjo lgtcftok lg cu a~{lno ~|~{oj& dcu }hlnh }o buo kooyf| mub{odf1

Bee| Bgkou~cg& [ho Ncggon{ln{ Atoglfo A~{lno

BfflbgnoYucd' Kcggb El~hcy& Gcu{hob~{oug _gltou~l{|

^bubh Eu|ou bgk jbg| doffc} jojeou~ cd {hoGb{lcgbf Atoglfo A~{lno Go{}cu`

[ho Nbjyblmg dcu \c{h A~{lno& lg ybu{lnfbu FlqU|bg bgk Goofj Bu|b

Eo{~| Nfbu`& Atoglfo A~{lno Lgl{lb{lto

Ncjjl{{oo dcu Yefln Ncg~of ôutlno~& lg ybu{lnfbuJbu|bgg Nbflb bgk {ho \c{h Bktcnbn|Koybu{jog{

Ec~{cg Ycflno Ncjjl~~lcgou Ok}buk Kbtl~

Yucd' Dubg` KlNb{bfkc& Ucmou ]lfflbj~ _gltou~l{|Flo{ogbg{ Focgbuk KlYlo{uc& Nbjeulkmo Ycflno

Koybu{jog{

Ok}buk~ Bgmoff Ybfjou $ Kckmo FFY

]cuno~{ou Kl~{uln{ B{{cugo| Ac~oyh K' Obuf|& Au' bgkhl~ ~{b

Hcg' Jlnhbof D' Okmbu{cg& Nhlod A~{lno&Jb~~bnh~o{{~ Atoglfo Ncu{

Hcg' Mblf Mbulgmou& Cno cd {ho Nhlfk Bktcnb{o

Ebuebub @bebg& Nhlfkuog~ Fb} Nog{ou cdJb~~bnh~o{{~

Uceou{ @lg~nhou& Kluon{cu cd Dcuog~ln ^{klo~&Jb~~bnh~o{{~ nhccf cd Yucdo~~lcgbf Y~|nhcfcm|

Jlkkfo~ox Kl~{uln{ B{{cugo| Moubuk [' Focgo bgk hl~~{b

Jb~~bnh~o{{~ Koybu{jog{ cd Ncuuon{lcg~

Jb~~bnh~o{{~ Koybu{jog{ cd Yuceb{lcg& lgybu{lnfbu Ucgbfk Ncueo{{& Fbub Fojyln`l& bgk{ho Uo~obunh Kltl~lcg ~{b

Jb~~bnh~o{{~ Koybu{jog{ cd \c{h outlno~& lg

ybu{lnfbu Ncjjl~~lcgou Abgo [o}`~eu| bgkKoy{| Ncjjl~~lcgou Ok}buk Kcfbg

Jb~~bnh~o{{~ og{ognlgm Ncjjl~~lcg& lg ybu{lnfbuDubgnl~ A' Nbugo| bgk Flgkb Hcf{

Jb~~bnh~o{{~ houl~ B~~cnlb{lcg& lg ybu{lnfbu^cf` Ncg{| houlBgkuob Nbeubf

Yuc~`bou FFY& lg ybu{lnfbu ^nc{{ Hbu~hebumou&@ljeouf| Jc{{fo|& Ncflg Nbeubf bgk Tlgnog{ Fbl

Yefln ]ofdbuo Dcgkb{lcg

Ncffoog ^hbkkcx bgk U~~off ^hbkkcx b{ Rln`~lftouNcjjglnb{lcg

[ho Mbuklgou Hc}fbgk ^hb} Dcgkb{lcgJbuflo~ ^ybgabbuk bgk Eu|gb ]lfflbj~& [ho Ok Fb}

Yucaon{

Mfculb [bg& Nuljlgbf A~{lno Lg~{l{{o& Hbutbuk Fb}^nhccf

Fo~flo ]bfòu& Yul~cgou~ Fombf ôutlno~

[ho jbg| }cgkoudf NdAA lg{oug~ }hc }cuòk cg{hl~ yucaon{ ctou {ho |obu~& lg ybu{lnfbu Bjbgkb]l{{og~{olg hbnòf{cg

[ho eubto |c{h bgk ybuog{~ }hc ~hbuok {holu

you~cgbf ~{culo~ bgk oxyoulogno~ }l{h ~'

Dlgbff|& ~yonlbf {hbg`~ {c Gbc`b Nbuo| dcu kclgm {hoflcg~ ~hbuo cd {ho }cu`'

[hl~ uoycu{ }b~ jbko yc~~lefo e| ~yycu{ducj {ho Mbuklgou Hc}fbgk ^hb} Dcgkb{lcgbgk {ho Yefln ]ofdbuo Dcgkb{lcg'

Bn`gc}fokmjog{~


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Otou| |obu& Jb~~bnh~o{{~ ~ogk~ {hc~bgk~ cd hlmh*~nhccf*bmok `lk~ nhbumok }l{hjlgcu& gcg*tlcfog{ cog~o~ lg{c cu bkf{ nuljlgbf a~{lno ~|~{oj' [ho| buo y{ lg {hobkf{ ~|~{oj ~ljyf| eonb~o {ho| hbto {ugok 2= ko~yl{o uo~obunh ~hc}lgm {hb{ {uob{*lgm `lk~ b~ bkf{~ bn{bff| lgnuob~o~ nuljo bgk ko~yl{o {ho dbn{ {oog~ lgnbunoub{ok lg{ho bkf{ ~|~{oj cd{og nbggc{ b{{ogk ~nhccf cu uonolto c{hou bmo*byyucyulb{o ~outlno~'

Cu nuuog{ ~|~{oj l~ nc~{f|& gc{ a~{ dcu {ho `lk~ bgk dbjlflo~ lgtcftok& e{ dcu bffJb~~bnh~o{{~ {bxyb|ou~' Hlmhou nuljo jobg~ ~{uo{nhok ycflno uo~cuno~& lgnuob~okncu{ bgk ablf nc~{~& bgk jcuo oxyogkl{uo~ {c hofy tln{lj~ cd nuljo' Lg {ho fcgm ug&fc~lgm jcuo nhlfkuog {c nuljo bf~c jobg~ do}ou hlmh ~nhccf mubkb{o~ bgk {bxyb|ou~&bgk jcuo ncg~jou~ cd yefln eogofl{~& ~e~{bgno be~o ~outlno~& bgk c{hou ~bdo{|*go{uo~cuno~'

[ho {ljo {c flx cu ~|~{oj l~ gc}' Jb~~bnh~o{{~ hb~ b jckof atoglfo a~{lno ~|~*{oj orlyyok {c hbgkfo bff {oog~ gkou 28& uombukfo~~ cd {ho nhbumo~ bmblg~{ {hoj'

[oog~ lg cu atoglfo ~|~{oj buo uorluok {c mc {c ~nhccf bgk mo{ ~outlno~' Lg ncg{ub~{ {c{ho bkf{ ~|~{oj& ybuog{~ j~{ eo gc{lflok ld b |c{h l~ buuo~{ok bgk nhbumok }l{h bnuljo' Mltog {ho kubjb{ln uokn{lcg~ lg atoglfo ncu{ nb~ofcbk~ ctou {ho fb~{ do}

|obu~& {ho ~|~{oj bf~c hb~ {ho nbybnl{| gc} {c hbgkfo {ho bkkl{lcgbf nb~o~ }l{hjcko~{& ld bg|& bkkl{lcgbf dgklgm'

Jb~~bnh~o{{~ l~ cgo cd {ho do} ~{b{o~ lg {ho ncg{u|{hb{ b{cjb{lnbff| ~ogk~ bff 2=*|obu*cfk~ nhbumok}l{h nuljo~ lg{c {ho bkf{ nuljlgbf ~|~{oj' Bf*

{hcmh {ho tb~{ jbacul{| cd2=*|obu*cfk~ buo nhbumok}l{h jlgcu& gcg*tlcfog{ cog~o~& {ho| buo hofk }l{hcfkou nuljlgbf cogkou~ lg bkf{ ablf~ bgk yul~cg~&}houo {ho| buo b{ jnh hlmhou ul~` dcu tln{ljlqb{lcgbgk ~lnlko' ^otog{oog*|obu*cfk~ lgnbunoub{ok lgbkf{ dbnlfl{lo~ buo gc{ uorluok {c b{{ogk ~nhccf& gcubuo {ho| ncg~l~{og{f| yuctlkok }l{h {ho ~outlno~ {ho|gook {c eoncjo uo~ycg~lefo bkf{~& b~ l~ {ho nb~o lg

lg{uckn{lcg

Hc} Jb~~bnh~o{{~ Nbg @ooy [oog~cg {ho Ulmh{ ^lko cd {ho Fb}

_gkou nuuog{ fb}&

ybuog{~ cd 2=*|obu*cfk~hbto gc ulmh{ {c eogc{lflok ld {holu nhlfk l~buuo~{ok cu nhbumok }l{hb nuljo'

lll


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{ho atoglfo ~|~{oj' Ybuog{~ kc gc{ hbto {ho ulmh{ {c eo gc{lflok cd ol{hou {holu nhlfk~ buuo~{ cu bg| cd{ho nhbumo~ bmblg~{ hlj'2

Uo~obunh kojcg~{ub{o~ {hb{ 2=*|obu*cfk~ }hc buo ~og{ {c {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj buo jcuo flòf| {c ncjjl{bkkl{lcgbf nuljo~& bgk otog o~nbfb{o lg{c tlcfog{ nuljo& {hbg `lk~ }hc ~{b| lg {ho atoglfo ~|~{oj'[ho oxl~{ogno cd bg bkf{ nuljlgbf uoncuk l~ bf~c flòf| {c youjbgog{f| fljl{ {ho~o {oog~ oknb{lcgbf&

hc~lgm& ace bgk jlfl{bu| ~outlno cy{lcg~& jb`lgm {hoj jnh fo~~ flòf| {c eoncjo ncg{ule{lgm& {bx*yb|lgm jojeou~ cd cu ~cnlo{|' B~ b yubn{lnbf jb{{ou& bg bkf{ uoncuk jobg~ {hb{ b flmh{ b{ ~nhccf& cub cgo*{ljo jlgcu kum nhbumo ncfk uo~f{ lg b {oog eolgm youjbgog{f| ebuuok ducj uonoltlgm ~{kog{blk& jbò hlj lgoflmlefo dcu nou{blg ace~ cu otog oxnfko hlj ducj fltlgm lg hc~lgm }l{h hl~ dbjlf|'

Jb~~bnh~o{{~ l~ lg b glro yc~l{lcg {c uojok| {hl~ efob` ~l{b{lcg ulmh{ gc}' Mltog {ho kubjb{lnkonuob~o lg nb~ofcbk~ lg cu atoglfo ncu{ ctou {ho yb~{ do} |obu~& bkklgm 2=*|obu*cfk~ {c cu atoglfo~|~{oj l~ flòf| {c hbto cgf| jcko~{& ld bg|& ljjoklb{o go{ nc~{'5B{ {ho ~bjo {ljo& {ho ~hcu{* bgkfcgm*{ouj ~btlgm~ {hb{ }cfk eo uobflqok e| uoknlgm d{uo nuljo bgk ljyuctlgm {ho oknb{lcgbfbgk ojyfc|jog{ yuc~yon{~ dcu |c{h }cfk eo ~lmglflnbg{'

]hb{ \c ]lff Dlgk lg {hl~ Uoycu{

[hl~ uoycu{ c{flgo~ NdAA~ uo~obunh& lgl{lbf flgklgm~& bgk uoncjjogkb{lcg~ bec{ hc} eo~{ {c hbgkfo2=*|obu*cfk~ }hc hbto eoog buuo~{ok cu bnn~ok cd b nuljo'

Nhby{ou 2 yucflfo~ }hb{ }o `gc} bec{ 2=*|obu*cfk~ lg Jb~~bnh~o{{~& lg ybu{lnfbu {hc~o }hc buo bu*uo~{ok dcu cu nhbumok }l{h b nuljo' B~ {ho nhby{ou oxyfblg~& {ho tb~{ jbacul{| cd2=*|obu*cfk~ nuuog{f|~og{ {c cu bkf{ ~|~{oj buo nhbumok }l{h jlgcu& gcg*tlcfog{ cog~o~ bgk ctoubff hbto b ~ljlfbu cufo~~~oulc~ cog~o yucflfo {hbg {holu |cgmou {oog yoou~'

Nhby{ou 5 c{flgo~ nuuog{ ~nlog{lfln bgk ~cnlcfcmlnbf uo~obunh cg bkcfo~nog{ kotofcyjog{& lgnfklgm}hb{ }o `gc} bec{ }hb{ }cu`~ bgk }hb{ kco~g{ {c yuotog{ cu uokno |c{h nuljo' B~ ox*

yfblgok lg Nhby{ou 5& uo~obunh hb~ uoyob{okf| kojcg~{ub{ok {hb{ ~ogklgm {oog~ {hucmh bkf{ ncu{bgk bkf{ dbnlfl{lo~ bn{bff| lgnuob~o~ nuljo& b~ }off b~ bff cd {ho hjbg bgk flgbgnlbf nc~{~ b~~cnlb{ok}l{h nuljo'

Nhby{ou > uotlo}~ }hb{ nuuog{f| hbyyog~ {c `lk~ bgk {holu dbjlflo~ lg {ho atoglfo bgk bkf{ ~|~{oj~lg Jb~~bnh~o{{~' [oog~ lg {ho atoglfo ~|~{oj buo uorluok {c b{{ogk ~nhccf& }hlfo {oog~ lg {ho bkf{~|~{oj buo gflòf| {c uonolto nfb~~uccj lg~{un{lcg cu bg| ~yonlbf oknb{lcg ~outlno~ (ko~yl{o eolgmfombff| og{l{fok {c {hoj,'

Bkklgm 2=*|obu*cfk~ {c cu atoglfo ~|~{oj l~ flòf| {c hbtocgf| jcko~{& ld bg|& ljjoklb{o go{ nc~{0 {ho ~hcu{* bgk fcgm*{ouj nc~{ ~btlgm~ {hb{ }lff eo uobflqok e| uoknlgm d{uonuljo bgk ljyuctlgm {ho oknb{lcgbf bgk ojyfc|jog{yuc~yon{~ dcu |c{h buo ~lmglflnbg{'

lt


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t

Nhby{ou ; kl~n~~o~ {ho yubn{lnbf bgk flgbgnlbf ljybn{ {hb{ lgnfklgm 2=*|obu*cfk~ lg cu atoglfo ~|~*{oj }cfk hbto& lgnfklgm ec{h {ho nc~{~ bgk eogofl{~ cd ~nh b nhbgmo'

Nhby{ou ? eulost| yucflfo~ {}c c{hou ~{b{o~ Ncggon{ln{ bgk Lfflgcl~ {hb{ hbto uonog{f| jbko {ho~}l{nh {c lgnfklgm 2=*|obu*cfk~ lg {holu atoglfo ~|~{oj'

Dlgbff|& {ho uoycu{ ncgnfko~ }l{h b kl~n~~lcg cd hc} Jb~~bnh~o{{~ ncfk (bgk ~hcfk, ubl~o {ho bmocd atoglfo aul~kln{lcg gc}& bgk lkog{lflo~ c{hou ~{ub{omlo~ {c bkkuo~~ {ho lgbyyucyulb{o lgnf~lcg cd2=*|obu*cfk~ lg cu bkf{ ~|~{oj'

Lgnf~lcg cd 2=*\obu*Cfk~ lg {ho Atoglfo ^|~{oj l~ Fcgm Ctouko

Jb~~bnh~o{{~ hb~ gc{ ~oulc~f| ncg~lkouok {ho byyucyulb{o yyou bmo ubgmo dcu aul~kln{lcg lg ato*glfo koflgrogn| nb~o~ ~lgno {ho fb}~ o~{befl~hlgm {ho yuonu~cu~ cd {ho atoglfo uodcuj ~|~{oj }ouokubd{ok gobuf|599 |obu~ bmc'> Lg {ho lg{outoglgm |obu~& {houo hb~ eoog b mfcebf bgk gb{lcgbf uoncmgl*{lcg cd28 b~ {ho bmo{hb{ jbu`~ {ho og{u|

lg{c bkf{hcck&

;

bgk&lg dbn{& 28 jbu`~ {hokltlklgm flgo eo{}oognhlfkhcck bgk bkf{*hcck }l{h uo~yon{ {cgobuf| otou| c{hou fb}lg Jb~~bnh~o{{~' ^ot*og{oog*|obu*cfk~ nbg*gc{ tc{o& ~l{ cg aulo~cu kulto lg nbu~ }l{h{holu dulogk~' Gc{ ~u*

yul~lgmf|& jc~{ cd {hojbuo ~{lff b{{ogklgm hlmh~nhccf bgk fltlgm lg{holu ybuog{~ hcjo~'

Eonb~o {ho atoglfo ncu{ l~ bfuobk| b{hculqok {c ljyc~o bkf{ ~og{ogno~& lgnfklgm ~{b{o yul~cg{ljo lg {ho nb~o cd ~oulc~ cogkou~& bgk ~{b{{culf| yuonfkok ducj ncg~lkoulgm nb~o~ lgtcftlgm ju*kou& eulgmlgm 2=*|obu*cfk~ lg{c {ho atoglfo ~|~{oj l~ ncg~l~{og{ }l{h yefln ~bdo{|' otog{oog*|obu*cfk~ lgtcftok lg ~oulc~ cog~o~ }cfk ~{lff uonolto byyucyulb{of| ygl{lto ~og{ogno~& e{ {ho~ocogkou~& b~ }off b~ {ho tb~{ jbacul{| cd c{hou 2=*|obu*cfk~& }hc hbto jnh fo~~ ~oulc~ nb~o~& }cfkuonolto {ho oxyou{ b{{og{lcg& {uob{jog{ bgk uohbelfl{b{lcg {hb{ l~ b hbffjbu` cd {ho ~yonlbflqok Jb~~b*

nh~o{{~ Atoglfo Ncu{ ~|~{oj'Otou|cgo }bg{~ {c `ooy ncjjgl{lo~ ~bdo bgk og~uo {hb{ bff `lk~ hbto b nhbgno {c muc} y lg{c fb}*belklgm& {bx*yb|lgm nl{lqog~' Hcfklgm 2=*|obu*cfk~ }hc buo nhbumok }l{h nuljo~ bnncg{befo lg }b|~{hb{ kcg{ bn{bff| ogncubmo d{uo nuljlgbf ncgkn{ du{hou~ ec{h {ho~o blj~' Dcu{gb{of|& Jb~~b*nh~o{{~ hb~ {ho flgbgnlbf nbybnl{| bgk oxyou{l~o {c kc a~{ {hb{ lg cu atoglfo ~|~{oj {ckb|'


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2 [hl~ uoycu{ mogoubff| ~o~ {ho jbfo yucgcg {c ko~nuleo |c{h lgtcftok lg {ho atoglfo a~{lno ~|~{oj' ]hlfo jbg| {oog mluf~ buobf~c lgtcftok lg {ho ~|~{oj& {ho tb~{ jbacul{| (ucmhf| , cd |c{h lgtcftok lg cu ~|~{oj buo jbfo'

5 ôo kl~n~~lcg lg Nhby{ou ;& lgdub'>

ôo kl~n~~lcg lg Nhby{ou 2& dcc{gc{o 2';

ôo jby& Nhby{ou ? (y' 5=,' oo bf~c du{hou kl~n~~lcg lg Nhby{ou 5'? ôo JMF Nh' 22< ?5 o{ ~or' _gflò bkf{~& }hc jb| gc{ eo ko{blgok cu lgnbunoub{ok dcu b tlcfb{lcg cd b jglnlybf cuklgbgno cu

e|*fb}& |c{h jb| eo ncjjl{{ok {c {ho n~{ck| cd {ho Koybu{jog{ cd \c{h ôutlno~ (K\^, ld {ho| buo bkaklnb{ok koflgrog{ b~b uo~f{ cd ~nh tlcfb{lcg'

4Bf{hcmh jc~{ |c{h }hc buo nhbumok buo eucmh{ eodcuo {ho Atoglfo Ncu{& b do} ncg{lo~ bucgk Jb~~bnh~o{{~ hbto uonog{f|fbgnhok yucmubj~ {c kltou{ nou{blg nb~o~ ducj {ho ncu{ ~|~{oj og{luof|' ôo& o'm'& lgdcujb{lcg cg {ho O~~ox Kl~{uln{ B{{cugo|~ A*toglfo Kltou~lcg yucmubj& btblfbefo b{ h{{y1##}}}'jb~~'mct#3ybmoLK:kob~jckfonhg`$F:2$F9:Hcjo$~lk:Kob~$e:{oujlgbfncg{og{$d:atoglfoSa~{lno$n~lk:Kob~'

=JMF Nh' 22< ?8' Flò bkf{ ncu{ akmo~& atoglfo ncu{ akmo~ bf~c hbto {ho b{hcul{| {c ncg{lgo b nb~o }l{hc{ b flgklgm&o~~og{lbff| yfbnlgm b nb~o cg hcfk bgk ~eaon{lgm b nhlfk {c yuceb{lcg dcu b ~o{ youlck cd {ljo& b{ {ho ogk cd }hlnh {ho nb~o jb| eokl~jl~~ok ld {ho nhlfk hb~ ncjyflok }l{h {ho {ouj~ cd {ho yuceb{lcg bgk gc{ mc{{og lg{c bg| bkkl{lcgbf {ucefo'

8 JMF Nh' 2


9/44

[ho Jb~~bnh~o{{~ fb} ~o{{lgm 24 b~ {ho yyou bmo dcu atoglfo ncu{ aul~kln{lcg }b~ o~{befl~hok nog*{ulo~ bmc'2B{ {ho {ljo& cu fb} bf~c youjl{{ok nhlfkuog {c }cu` }l{hc{ b{{ogklgm ~nhccf bgk dcugfljl{ok hcu~'5Bkcfo~nogno& b~ }o gc} gkou~{bgk l{& l~ b jckoug bgk otcftlgm ncgnoy{'

Mltog {ho ogcujc~ nhbgmo~ lg cu gkou~{bgklgm cd nhlfkhcck bgk bkcfo~nogno {hb{ hbto {bòg yfbnolg {ho lg{outoglgm |obu~& {houo l~ fl{{fo a~{lflnb{lcg dcu ncg{lglgm cu {uob{jog{ cd2=*|obu*cfk~ b~bkf{~' ]o gc} {hb{& ducj b elcfcmlnbf bgk y~|nhcfcmlnbf yclg{ cd tlo}& 2=*|obu*cfk~ fbn` {ho belfl{| {c

ncg~l~{og{f| ogmbmo lg jb{uo bkf{ {hlg`lgm }hog l{ ncjo~ {c jb{{ou~ cd dcuo~lmh{ cu ljyf~o ncg{ucf'>

B~ kl~n~~ok eofc}& 2=*|obu*cfk~ lg Jb~~bnh~o{{~ kc gc{ ncjjl{ jcuo ~oulc~ nuljo~ {hbg {holu|cgmou yoou~& gcu buo {ho| ko{ouuok ducj nuljo e| tlu{o cd {holu yucno~~lgm lg {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj';Bgk&flò |cgmou {oog~& 2=*|obu*cfk~ buo flòf| {c bmo c{ cd nuljlgbf ncgkn{'? Dlgbff|& jc~{ 2=*|obu*cfk~ buo~{lff lg hlmh ~nhccf bgk fltlgm }l{h {holu dbjlflo~0 b~ b uo~f{& {holu gook~ buo dbu jcuo ncg~l~{og{ }l{h {houorluojog{~ bgk ~outlno~ yuctlkok e| {ho atoglfo ~|~{oj {hbg {ho bkf{ nuljlgbf a~{lno ~|~{oj'

ôtog{oog*\obu*Cfk~ Buo ^ljlfbu {c {ho \cgmou [oog~ lg Cu Atoglfo ^|~{oj

ôtog{oog*\obu*Cfk~ bgk \cgmou [oog~ ôfd*Uoycu{Orltbfog{ Bjcg{~ cd Hlmh*Ul~` Eohbtlcu

Youhby~ gc{ ~uyul~lgmf|& mltog {holu ~ljlfbul{| {c |cgmou {oog~ lg ~c jbg| c{hou buob~& 2=*|obu*cfk~hbto ~ljlfbu nuljlgbf cog~o yucflfo~ {c {holu |cgmou yoou~' Gb{lcgbff|& 2=*|obu*cfk~ ~ofd*uoycu{ og*mbmlgm lg ul~`| eohbtlcu~ b{ ol{hou {ho ~bjo cu fc}ou ub{o~ {hbg |cgmou bkcfo~nog{~'4

nhby{ou 2

Buel{ubulf| Kltoumog{ Uo~ycg~o~{c {ho ^bjo @lk~

younog{bmo cd |c{h uoycu{lgm eohbtlcu b{ ~yonldln bmo~

Eohbtlcu Bmo 25 Bmo 2> Bmo 2; Bmo 2? Bmo 24 Bmo 2=

^~yogkok ducj ~nhccf 4 < 2; 2> 25 29

Ubg b}b| ducj hcjo g#b g#b ? 4 = 4

Eofcgmok {c b mbgm 5 5 5 5 5 5

Tbgkbflqok 2; 2= 24 2; 2> 2; 2> 25 22

[hod{ jcuo {hbg +?9 > > ; ? ? ;

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55 ôoOk}buk Y' Jfto|' Hlmhflmh{~ ducj Yb{h}b|~ {c Ko~l~{bgno1 B Fcgml{klgbf ^{k| cd ôulc~ Bkcfo~nog{ Cogkou~' CAAKY Dbn{^hoo{ (Jbunh 5922, (houolgbd{ou Jfto|& Hlmhflmh{~ ducj Yb{h}b|~ {c Ko~l~{bgno,& btblfbefo b{h{{y1##}}}'yb{h}b|~~{k|'yl{{'ok#kcnjog{~#CAAKY/ 59Dbn{/59^hoo{SYb{h}b|~'ykd' ôo bf~c Ebuu| Hcfjbg bgk Ab~cgQlokogeoum' [ho Kbgmou~ cd Ko{og{lcg1 [ho Ljybn{ cd Lgnbunoub{lgm \c{h lg Ko{og{lcg bgk C{hou ônuo Dbnlfl{lo~' ]b~hlgm{cg&K'N'1 [ho A~{lno Ycfln| Lg~{l{{o (Gctojeou 5994, (houolgbd{ou Hcfjbg $ Qlokoeoum& Kbgmou~ cd Ko{og{lcg,& btblfbefo b{h{{y1##}}}'a~{lnoycfln|'cum#uo~obunh# 2ef'ykd'5> ôoUokklgm&Atoglfo [ubg~dou Fb}~0 NKN ^{k|'5; Cgo ncjyuohog~lto ~{k|& e| {ho ]b~hlgm{cg ^{b{o Lg~{l{{o dcu Yefln Ycfln| (]^LYY,& dcgk {hb{ Jf{lkljog~lcgbf [uob{jog{

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5? Ojblf ducj Ok}buk Kcfbg& Koybu{jog{ cd \c{h ôutlno~& {c NdAA'54 Lk'5= ôo 5998 Bggbf Uoycu{& Jb~~bnh~o{{~ Koybu{jog{ cd \c{h ôutlno~ (Jbunh 5929,& btblfbefo b{

h{{y1##}}}'jb~~'mct#3ybmoLK:ochh~5{oujlgbf$F:;$F9:Hcjo$F2:Mctougjog{$F5:Go}~uccj$F>:Koybu{jog{cd\c{h

ôutlno~Go}~/5n_ykb{o~bgkUoycu{~$~lk:Oochh~ 5$e:{oujlgbfncg{og{$d:k|~SmSbggbfSuoycu{~$n~lk:Oochh~ 5'58 ôo lk'& ~oo bf~c Hcfjbg $ Qlokogeoum& Kbgmou~ cd Ko{og{lcg'5< Lk'>9 ôo mogoubff|& Gc Yfbno dcu @lk~'>2 ôoUokklgm&Atoglfo [ubg~dou Fb}~'>5 Lk'>> Uo~obunh lgklnb{o~ {hb{ ncgkl{lcg~ flò {hc~o oxyoulognok e|2=*|obu*cfk~ lg Jb~~bnh~o{{~ fobk {c lgnuob~ok uonlkltl~j bjcgm a*

toglfo cogkou~& lgnfklgm oxyc~uo {c nuljlgbf jcuo~ bgk be~lto {uob{jog{ }hlfo lgnbunoub{ok }l{h bkf{ cogkou~& b konuob~okdcn~ cg uohbelfl{b{lcg bgk dbjlf| ~yycu{ lg {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj& bgk ~{lmjb{lqb{lcg bgk c{hou gomb{lto oon{~ {hb{ uo~f{ ducj fb*eoflgm atoglfo~ b~ ncgtln{ok dofcg~' ôo& o'm'& Uokklgm&Atoglfo [ubg~dou Fb}~'

>; [ho bkf{ ko{og{lcg bgk lgnbunoub{lcg ~|~{oj l~& dcu {ho jc~{ ybu{& ncjyfo{of| konog{ubflqok& }l{h {ho tb~{ jbacul{| cd lgnbunou*b{ok lgkltlkbf~ hc~ok lg ncg{| ablf~ cu Hc~o~ cd Ncuuon{lcg {hb{ buo lgkoyogkog{f| jbgbmok e| ncg{| ~houl~' Cumbglqok&~{b{o}lko ocu{~ {c yuctlko oknb{lcg cu c{hou ~outlno~ {c |cgm yocyfo lg {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj& fo{ bfcgo ~|~{ojln oxyfcub{lcg~ cd bf*

{ougb{lto~ {c ko{og{lcg cu kltou~lcg dcu ~ofon{ ycyfb{lcg~& buo gcg*oxl~{og{ bgk gobuf| ljyc~~lefo {c ljyfojog{'>? ôo mogoubff|& Gc Yfbno dcu @lk~'>4

Aouo| Dbmbg $ Bbucg @ynhl`'Atoglfo Lgnbunoub{lcg bgk {ho Yblg~ cd Ljyul~cgjog{' Kò Dcuj dcu Fb} bgk ^cnlbf Nhbgmo(Byulf 5922,' Ncfjelb Yefln Fb} Uo~obunh Ybyou Gc' 22*54>'

>= ôo du{hou kl~n~~lcg b{ Nhby{ou >& lgdub'>8

ôo du{hou kl~n~~lcg b{ Nhby{ou ;& lgdub'

29


19/44

nhby{ou >

[oog~ Oxyoulogno~ lg {ho Atoglfobgk Bkf{ ^|~{oj~ lg Jb~~bnh~o{{~

22

Ko~yl{o hbtlgm jbg| cd {ho `o| ofojog{~ gono~~bu| dcu b jckof atoglfo ncu{ ~|~{oj& Jb~~bnh~o{{~ncg{lgo~ {c b{cjb{lnbff| yucno~~ bff 2=*|obu*cfk~ lg {ho bkf{ nuljlgbf a~{lno ~|~{oj& b ~|~{oj}hlnh l~ ctoufcbkok bgk lff*orlyyok {c kobf }l{h {oogbmou~' [ho atoglfo a~{lno ~|~{oj lg Jb~~bnh*~o{{~ l~ ~yonlflnbff| orlyyok {c kobf }l{h ~nhccf*bmok cogkou~ }hc& otog }hog {ho| hbto jcuo ~oul*c~ {uob{jog{ bgk ncgflgojog{ gook~& hbto b uojbu`befo nbybnl{| dcu uohbelfl{b{lcg bgk muc}{h' Lguoncmgl{lcg cd {ho ljycu{bg{ ucfo {hb{ ybuog{~ bgk dbjlflo~ yfb| lg ~hbylgm bgk ~yycu{lgm |c{h& {hoatoglfo ~|~{oj l~ ko~lmgok {c lgnfko dbjlflo~ bgk& lg jbg| nb~o~& ybuog{~ bgk mbuklbg~ buo uorluok{c eo gc{lflok cd bgk ybu{lnlyb{o lg ncu{ yucnooklgm~' \c{h lg {ho atoglfo ~|~{oj bf~c }cu` }l{h~{bbgk c{hou~ }hc buo ~yonlbff| {ublgok {c kobf }l{h bkcfo~nog{~'

Lg ncjybul~cg {c {oog~ yucno~~ok lg {ho atoglfo ~|~{oj& |c{h lg {ho bkf{ nuljlgbf ~|~{oj1

Buo jcuo fl`of| {c uo*cogk {hbg |c{h gc{ oxyc~ok {c {ho bkf{ nuljlgbf a~{lno ~|~{oj0

Buo b{ ~lmglflnbg{f| muob{ou ul~` dcu ~oxbf b~~bf{ bgk ~lnlko0

Uonolto lgbkorb{o cu gc oknb{lcg& jog{bf hobf{h {uob{jog{ cu bmo*byyucyulb{o uohbelfl{b{ltoyucmubjjlgm'

[ho tb~{ jbacul{| cd2=*|obu*cfk~ buo gcg*tlcfog{ cogkou~& jbg| cd }hc~o nb~o~ }lff otog{bff| eo

kl~yc~ok cd }l{hc{ bg| gook dcu ncgflgojog{ cu ~youtl~lcg' _gkou {ho nuuog{ ~|~{oj& {ho~o {oog~buo ablfok bfcgm~lko bkf{ nuljlgbf kodogkbg{~ }hlfo b}bl{lgm {ulbf& cd{og lg dbnlfl{lo~ }houo {ho| nbg*gc{ b{{ogk ~nhccf' Cgno {ho| oxl{ {ho ~|~{oj& {ho~o {oog~ dbno {ho youjbgog{& yc{og{lbff| fldo*bf{oulgmncg~orogno~ cd hbtlgm bg bkf{ nuljlgbf uoncuk' Dcu {hc~o {oog~ }hc uorluo jcuo lg{og~o lg{outog*{lcg& {houo buo do}& ld bg|& bmo*byyucyulb{o ~outlno~ lg {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj& bgk fl{{fo {c gc ocu{ {c lg*nfko {oog~ dbjlflo~ lg {ho yucno~~' B~ kl~n~~ok eofc}& ncg{lglgm {c ogmbmo lg {ho fln{lcg {hb{ {ho~o|c{h buo bkf{~ hb~ hbujdf ~hcu{* bgk fcgm*{ouj ncg~orogno~& gc{ a~{ dcu lgkltlkbf |cgm yoc*yfo e{ dcu ~cnlo{| b~ b }hcfo'


20/44

ncjybul~cg cd atoglfo bgk bkf{ ~|~{oj~ lg jb~~bnh~o{{~

Atoglfo Bkf{^|~{oj ^|~{oj

Ycflno gc{ld| ybuog{ cd buuo~{ \o~ Gc

Ncu{ gc{ldlo~ ybuog{ cd nb~o bmblg~{ nhlfk \o~ Gc

Ybuog{ lgtcftok lg ~og{ognlgm bgk dcffc} y \o~ Gc

Nhlfk `oy{ bybu{ ducj bkf{ nuljlgbf kodogkbg{~ \o~ Gc

[c{bf ncu{ nb~ofcbk (5929 ncjyfblg{~, 55&


21/44

Ncg{ub~{lgm Oxyoulogno~ cd [oog~ lg {ho ^|~{oj

Buuo~{ bgk Yuo*[ulbf Ko{og{lcg

Dcu ec{h 2=*|obu*cfk~ bgk |cgmou {oog~& {ho flu~{ lgtcftojog{ }l{h {ho a~{lno ~|~{oj ~bff| eomlg~}l{h bg buuo~{'2 Dcu b nhlfk gkou 2=& ycflno buo uorluok {c gc{ld| ybuog{~ cu mbuklbg~ ljjoklb{of|

ycg buuo~{ bgk& lg jc~{ nb~o~& nbg uofob~o {hb{ nhlfk {c {ho n~{ck| cd hl~ cu hou ybuog{ cu mbuklbg'

5

Ld ycflno kc konlko l{ l~ gono~~bu| {c hcfk b |c{h 2; cu cfkou& {ho| j~{ gc{ld| {ho |c{h~ ybuog{~bgk buo uorluok {c uojcto {ho |c{h ducj {ho ycflno ~{b{lcg }l{hlg 4 hcu~ bgk yfbno {ho |c{h lg bBf{ougb{lto Fcn`*_y Yucmubj& ~oybub{lgm {ho |c{h ducj bkf{~ (e| ec{h ~lmh{ bgk ~cgk, g{lfncu{ l~ cyog'>

Lg ncg{ub~{& eonb~o 2=*|obu*cfk~ buo ncg~lkouok bkf{~& ycflno cnou~ buo gc{uorluok {c gc{ld| {holuybuog{~ }hog {holu nhlfk l~ buuo~{ok'; Ld {ho konl~lcg l~ jbko {c hcfk b 2=*|obu*cfk cg eblf g{lf ncu{l~ lg ~o~~lcg& ho l~ {ubg~ycu{ok {c b ncg{| ablf bgk hofk lg nuc}kok ncgkl{lcg~ bfcgm~lko bkf{~' B~ cdôy{ojeou 5922& glgo cd2> ncg{lo~ uoycu{ok {hb{ {ho cnnybgn| ub{o~ lg {holu ablf~ bgk HCN dbnlfl*{lo~ }ouo lg oxno~~ cd299/'?

Uo~obunh kojcg~{ub{o~ {hb{ {oog~ hofk lg bkf{ ablf~buo ybu{lnfbuf| tfgoubefo {c b~~bf{ cu ~oxbf be~o1}hlfo {oog~ uoyuo~og{ cgf|2/ cd {ho bkf{ ablf ycy*fb{lcg gb{lcg}lko& y {c 52/ cd {ho tln{lj~ cd lg*jb{o*cg*lgjb{o ~oxbf tlcfogno buo gkou 28'4 [oog~buo bf~c 2< {ljo~ jcuo flòf| {hbg {ho mogoubf ycy*fb{lcg {c ncjjl{ ~lnlko }hlfo lg bkf{ ablf& bgk >4{ljo~ jcuo flòf| {c ncjjl{ ~lnlko {hbg {oog~ hofklg atoglfo ko{og{lcg dbnlfl{lo~'= [ho {ubmln ~lnlko cdb {oogbmou hofk yuo*{ulbf lg bg bkf{ dbnlfl{| }b~ bgljycu{bg{ dbn{cu lg Ncggon{ln{~ uonog{ konl~lcg {c

ubl~o {ho bmo cd atoglfo ncu{ aul~kln{lcg {c lgnfko24*bgk 2=*|obu*cfk~'8

Buublmgjog{ bgk Ncu{

Lg 5929& {ho atoglfo ncu{~ lg Jb~~bnh~o{{~ hbg*kfok 55&?\c{hdf Cog*

kou lgkln{jog{~ lgtcftlgm 25< klouog{ |c{h'< Lgkl*tlkbf ncg{| nb~ofcbk~ ubgmok ducj 2>;< {c 5=8

ncjyfblg{~ cu lgkln{jog{~ bggbff|'

Ncjybuok }l{h {ho ~yonlbflqok bgk uofb{ltof| ~jbff atoglfo ~|~{oj& {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj yucno~~o~ bgogcujc~ gjeou cd kodogkbg{~ }l{h }lkof| klouog{ cog~o~& gook~ bgk ebn`mucgk~' Buublmg*jog{~ cd2=*|obu*cfk~ 29 jbò y cgf| b {lg| dubn{lcg (fo~~ {hbg 5/ lg 5929, cd {ho bkf{ ncu{ nuljl*gbf nb~ofcbk lg Jb~~bnh~o{{~ hobuk lg Ec~{cg Jglnlybf& Kl~{uln{ bgk ^youlcu Ncu{~' Lg Kl~{uln{Ncu{~ 22 lg 5929& dcu lg~{bgno& {ho akmo~ yucno~~ok nuljlgbf ncjyfblg{~ lgtcftlgm 599&?=525 klouog{kodogkbg{~' [hl~ l~ lg bkkl{lcg {c {ho {og~ cd {hc~bgk~ cd nltlf& jc{cu tohlnfo bgk c{hou nb~o~ {hb{{ho~o ncu{~ hobu otou| |obu'

_y {c 52/ cd {ho tln{lj~cd lgjb{o*cg*lgjb{o~oxbf tlcfogno buogkou 28' [oog~ buo 24 {ljo~ jcuo flòf| {cncjjl{ ~lnlko {hbg{oog~ hofk lg atoglfoko{og{lcg dbnlfl{lo~'

2>


22/44

Ld {ho Ncjjcg}obf{h konlko~ {c nhbumo b ~otog{oog*|obu*cfk }l{h b nuljo& l{ }lff flfo ol{hou b ncjyfblg{cu lgkln{jog{' Ld {ho ~otog{oog*|obu*cfk l~ gc{ nu*uog{f| lg n~{ck|& ho }lff uonolto b ~jjcg~ }l{h bgc{lno cd }hog {c byyobu lg ncu{'2> Hc}otou gc gc*

{lno {c {ho |c{h~ ybuog{~ cd {ho yogklgm nb~o l~ uo*rluok'2;B ncjyfblg{ l~~ok {c b atoglfo& cg {hoc{hou hbgk& j~{ bf~c eo ~outok cg {ho atoglfo~ybuog{ cu fombf mbuklbg'

Lg {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj& b 2=*|obu*cfk jb| eo buuo~{ok&nhbumok& {ulok bgk ~og{ognok }l{hc{ hl~ ybuog{ otouflgklgm c{' Lg ncg{ub~{& {ho atoglfo ncu{ uorluo~{hb{ ybuog{~ cd b nhlfk }hc l~ bnn~ok cd b nuljo eogc{lflok bgk& lg dbn{& ~jjcgok {c {ho ncu{ {c bk*kuo~~ {ho nhbumo~ bmblg~{ {holu nhlfk'2? Ybuog{~ j~{

eo ncg~f{ok eodcuo {holu nhlfk nbg }blto hl~ ulmh{ {cncg~of&24 bgk j~{ ncg~og{ eodcuo {ho ncu{ nbgcukou {hb{ {holu nhlfk~ nb~o eo ncg{lgok }l{hc{ bflgklgm (l'o' yfbnok cg hcfk {c youjl{ {ho yc~~lefokl~jl~~bf cd {ho nb~o ld {ho nhlfk kco~ gc{ mo{ lg{cbg| jcuo {ucefo,'2= Ybuog{~ jb| bf~c eo lgtcftok lg{ho nubd{lgm bgk ljyc~l{lcg cd ncgkl{lcg~ cd yuceb*{lcg& lgnfklgm ybu{lnlyb{lcg lg bn{ltl{lo~ ubgmlgmducj {houby| {c bd{ou~nhccf ojyfc|jog{'

Lg atoglfo ncu{& ld b {oog yfobk~ cu l~ bkaklnb{okkoflgrog{& hl~ cu hou nb~o jb| eo ncg{lgok (}l{hcu }l{hc{ yuceb{lcg,& ho jb| eo yfbnok cg yuceb*{lcg& cu ho jb| eo ncjjl{{ok {c {ho n~{ck| cdK\^ y g{lf bmo 28 (2< ld ~og{ognok bd{ou hl~ 28{helu{hkb|,' Lg \c{hdf Cogkou nb~o~& {ho ncu{ l~b{hculqok ol{hou {c ncjjl{ {ho {oog {c {ho n~{ck|cd K\^ g{lf bmo 52& ljyc~o bg bkf{ ~og{ogno (lg*nfklgm lgnbunoub{lcg lg bg bkf{ dbnlfl{|cgno {ho {oog{ug~ 28, cu b ncjelgb{lcg K\^ ncjjl{jog{ }l{h b~~yogkok bkf{ ~og{ogno {hb{ nbg ncg{lgo bd{ou {ho|c{h {ug~ 52' Eonb~o {ho aul~kln{lcg cd {ho ato*

glfo ncu{ jb| ncg{lgo g{lf 28 cu 52& atoglfo ~og*{ogno~ nbg eo ~e~{bg{lbff| fcgmou {hbg bkf{~og{ogno~ dcu |c{h ncgtln{ok cd fo~~ ~oulc~ cog~o~'

Ld b 2=*|obu*cfk lg bkf{ ncu{ yfobk~ {c cu l~ dcgkmlf{| cd {ho nhbumok cog~o& ho }lff eo ~eaon{ {c~{b{{culf| koflgok ~og{ogno~& }hlnh nbg ubgmo ducjyuceb{lcg (}l{h cu }l{hc{ ~yonlfln ncgkl{lcg~, {c b

[ho Jb~~bnh~o{{~Atoglfo Ncu{1 Oxyoulognobgk Oxyou{l~o }l{h [oog~

Bnn~ok cd Nuljo~

[ho Atoglfo Ncu{ lg Jb~~bnh~o{{~}b~ nuob{ok }l{h {ho glro gook~ bgkyucflfo cd atoglfo~ lg jlgk' Akmo~&ncu{ nflgln you~cggof& b{{cugo|~& yuc*eb{lcg cnou~ bgk c{hou ~{bbff hbto{ublglgm bgk oxyoulogno }cu`lgm }l{h{oogbmou~' B{{cugo|~ }hc uoyuo~og{|c{h lg atoglfo ncu{& dcu oxbjyfo&j~{ eo ~yonlbff| nou{lflok {c hbgkfokoflgrogn| cu |c{hdf cogkou nb~o~&

bgk jbg| hbto ~yonlbflqok {ublglgmbgk oxyoulogno& lgnfklgm gc}fokmocd kotofcyjog{bf y~|nhcfcm|& oknb*{lcg bktcnbn|& ncjjgl{| uo~cuno~dcu {oog~ bgk glro l~~o~ uombuklgmncg~oflgm jlgcu nflog{~ (bgk {holuybuog{~,' Cu ~{b{o}lko atoglfo ncu{nflgln ~|~{oj jobg~ {hb{ {ublgok nflgl*nbf yubn{l{lcgou~ buo bf}b|~ btblfbefo {cotbfb{o cu b~~o~~ |c{h~ jog{bf hobf{h

bgk c{hou gook~' Atoglfo yuceb{lcgcnou~ bgk K\^ ~{buomfbuf| lg{oubn{}l{h ~nhccf~ bgk buo befo {c gomc{lb{oyc{og{lbf ebuulou~ {c oknb{lcgbf cuc{hou ~outlno~ {hb{ |c{h jlmh{ dbno'

Lg ncg{ub~{& akmo~ bgk c{hou ~{blgbkf{ ncu{ jb| hbto gc `gc}fokmo cdeb~ln bkcfo~nog{ kotofcyjog{& fo{ bfcgo`gc}fokmo cd ~nhccf~ cu fcnbf |c{hyucmubj~' B{{cugo|~ byyclg{ok dcu 2=*|obu*cfk~ buo gc{ gono~~bulf| b}buo cd{ho ~yonlbf l~~o~ lgtcftok lg ncg~of*lgm bgk b~~o~~lgm ncjyo{ogno cd bkc*fo~nog{ nflog{~& gcu buo {ho| mogoubff|orlyyok {c yuctlko ~yonlbf oknb{lcgcu c{hou `lgk~ cd ~yonlbflqok bktcnbn|{hb{ jbg| {oog nflog{~ gook'

2;


23/44

fldo ~og{ogno' [houo l~ gc uorluojog{ {hb{ hl~ ybuog{ ybu{lnlyb{o lg kotofcylgm cu otog `gc} bec{hl~ ~og{ognlgm {ouj~ cu ncgkl{lcg~' B~ kl~n~~ok lg Nhby{ou 2& {ho jbacul{| cd2=*|obu*cfk~ buo ~og*{ognok {c yuceb{lcg cu b dlgo0 dcu {hc~o }hc buo ~og{ognok {c lgnbunoub{lcg& {ho tb~{ jbacul{| buo ncg*dlgok {c b ncg{| Hc~o cd Ncuuon{lcg (HCN, dbnlfl{|' E| ncg{ub~{& {oog~ lg atoglfo ncu{ jb| eoyfbnok lg b }lko tbulo{| cd K\^ yfbnojog{~& koyogklgm cg {holu gook~ bgk cog~o~& ubgmlgm ducj

dc~{ou hcjo~ {c ~onuo dbnlfl{lo~'ôutlno~ Btblfbefo {c [oog~ lg {ho Atoglfo bgk Bkf{ ^|~{oj~

Lg ncg{ub~{ {c {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj& {ho dcn~ cd {ho atoglfo ncu{ bgk {ho ~outlno~ {hb{ buo couok {c a*toglfo~ bgk {holu dbjlflo~ lg {ho ncu{& ec{h yuo* bgk yc~{ {ulbf& buo dgkbjog{bff| uohbelfl{b{lto lg gb*{uo'28 Uorluok ~nhccf b{{ogkbgno bgk nudo}~ buo uc{lgo ncgkl{lcg~ cd yuceb{lcg lg atoglfo ncu{&bgk |c{h ncjjl{{ok {c {ho n~{ck| cd b K\^ dbnlfl{| buo uorluok {c b{{ogk b K\^ ~nhccf dcu b{ fob~{~lx hcu~ obnh kb|' Lg jbg| nb~o~& ncg~oflgm bgk c{hou {uob{jog{ yucmubj~ buo bf~c uorluok' BffK\^ ~{buonolto {ublglgm lg& bjcgm c{hou buob~& bkcfo~nog{ kotofcyjog{& yc~l{lto |c{h kotofcy*jog{& oknb{lcgbf ~outlno~& Klbfon{lnbf Eohbtlcubf [houby|& nul~l~ ko*o~nbfb{lcg& bgk ~lnlko b~~o~~*jog{ bgk yuotog{lcg'2< K\^ hb~ uonog{f| gkou{bòg b jbacu ocu{ {c ljyucto {ho rbfl{|& {ublglgm

bgk uo{og{lcg cd l{~ ~{b& lgnfklgm l{~ {obnhou~'

Byyucxljb{of|;?/ cd {ho K\^ ncjjl{{ok ycyfb{lcg hb~ eoog lkog{lflok b~ hbtlgm ~yonlbf oknb*{lcg gook~'59]hlfo {houo l~ ~{lff uccj dcu ljyuctojog{& K\^ hb~& }l{hlg {ho fb~{ do} |obu~& {bòg g*jouc~ ~{oy~ {c ljyucto nccuklgb{lcg bgk ~outlno~ dcu {ho~o ~{kog{~& }cu`lgm nccyoub{ltof| }l{h {ho^{b{o Koybu{jog{ cd Ofojog{bu| bgk ôncgkbu| Oknb{lcg (KOÔ, Oknb{lcg ôutlno~ lg Lg~{l{*{lcgbf o{{lgm~ (O^L^, Yucmubj {c ncgkn{ nuc~~*{ublglgm~ {c ljyucto lkog{lflnb{lcg& b~~o~~jog{ bgkuoncuk*òoylgm dcu oflmlefo |c{h& bgk {c yucjc{o lgnf~lcg cd ~yonlbf oknb{lcg ~{kog{~ lg {ho K\^mogoubf oknb{lcg yucmubj~'52

[ho oxyoulogno~ cd2=*|obu*cfk~ lg {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj buo kubjb{lnbff| klouog{ ducj {holu |cgmouyoou~ lg {ho atoglfo ~|~{oj' B~ kl~n~~ok becto& {ho| buo lgnbunoub{ok }l{h bkf{~ bgk ~youtl~ok e|

~{b}hc hbto fl{{fo cu gc {ublglgm uofb{ok {c bkcfo~nog{~' [ho| jb| uojblg {houo dcu jcg{h~ b}bl{*lgm {ulbf' Bf{hcmh {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj cou~ ~cjo ~outlno~ {c lgkltlkbf~ }hc buo lgnbunoub{ok cu b}bl{*lgm {ulbf lgnfklgm kum {o~{lgm bgk {uob{jog{ yucmubj~& MOK nfb~~o~ bgk ncg~oflgm bgk you~cgbfkotofcyjog{ yucmubj~ do} ld bg| cd {ho~o ~outlno~ buo {bumo{ok b{ bkcfo~nog{~& bgk {oog~ buo mogou*bff| gc{ uorluok {c ybu{lnlyb{o lg {hoj'55 [ho btblfbelfl{| bgk rbfl{| cd yucmubj~ tbulo~ }lkof| ducjdbnlfl{| {c dbnlfl{| bgk ncg{| {c ncg{|' Hc~o~ cd Ncuuon{lcg& }houo {ho tb~{ jbacul{| cd2=*|obu*cfk~ }lff ogk y ld {ho| buo ~og{ognok dcu b fo~~ ~oulc~ dofcg|&5> buo ybu{lnfbuf| yucefojb{ln& }l{h~cjo dbnlfl{lo~ coulgm fl{{fo {c gc oknb{lcgbf yucmubjjlgm b{ bff'5;]l{hlg {ho Koybu{jog{ cd Ncu*uon{lcg (KCN,& yucmubj~ dcu {oog lgjb{o~ buo bf~c ox{uojof| fljl{ok' Lg jc~{ KCN dbnlfl{lo~& {houobuo do} uomfbu ~nhccf yucmubj~' ^cjo cou MOK nfb~~o~ cgf| tlb nfc~ok*nlunl{ {ofotl~lcg& }l{hc{

{ho eogofl{ cd b flto nfb~~uccj {obnhou'

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24

Dcu ~{kog{~ }l{h ~yonlbf oknb{lcg gook~& {ho bkkl{lcgbf ~outlno~ {ho| gook {c fobug bgk {c }hlnh{ho| buo og{l{fok buo tlu{bff| gcg*oxl~{og{ }l{hlg ol{hou HCN cu KCN dbnlfl{lo~' B~ gc{ok becto&K\^ o~{ljb{o~ {hb{ gobuf| hbfd cd l{~ ncjjl{{ok ycyfb{lcg l~ oflmlefo dcu ~yonlbf oknb{lcg ~outlno~&bgk ~{b{o}lko byyucxljb{of|2=/ cd {ho ~{kog{ ycyfb{lcg hb~ eoog dcgk oflmlefo dcu ~yonlbf ok*nb{lcg ~outlno~' \o{ ko~yl{o {ho~o gjeou~& {ho KOÔ lkog{lflok cgf|5>4 nhlfkuog b~ uonoltlgm ~yonlbf

oknb{lcg ~outlno~ lg lg~{l{{lcgbf ~o{{lgm~ kulgm {ho 5929*22 ~nhccf |obu&54

cu ~lmglflnbg{f| fo~~ {hbg{ho flòf| ycyfb{lcg cd oflmlefo ~{kog{~ nuuog{f| lg HCN dbnlfl{lo~& fo{ bfcgo {ho flòf| ycyfb{lcgcd {ho~o |c{h lg lg~{l{{lcgbf ~o{{lgm~ ~{b{o}lko'

]hlfo {ho KOÔ& lg nccyoub{lcg }l{h fcnbf ~nhccf kl~{uln{~ bgk {ho dbnlfl{lo~ {hoj~ofto~& hb~ b nfobu&fombf ceflmb{lcg {c yuctlko bgk ~onuo ~outlno~ dcu |cgm yocyfo lg HCN n~{ck| }hc buo oflmlefo dcu~yonlbf oknb{lcg ~outlno~&5= l{ byyobu~ {hb{ {hl~ ~ljyf| l~ gc{ hbyyoglgm cg b ncg~l~{og{ eb~l~' Otogjcuo {uceflgm& {houo l~ gc ~lgmfo bmogn| uo~ycg~lefo dcu og~ulgm {hb{ ~{kog{~ lg KCN n~{ck| uo*nolto bg| ~yonlbf oknb{lcg ~outlno~ b{ bff058}hlfo fcnbf ~nhccf kl~{uln{~ uojblg ceflmb{ok {c lkog{ld|bgk dcffc} y }l{h |c{hducj {holu kl~{uln{~ }hc buo

lgnbunoub{ok& l{ kco~ gc{byyobu {hb{ {ho| buo kclgm~c lg bg| jobglgmdf }b|&gcu kc {ho| byyobu {c hbtobg| lgnog{lto {c kc ~c'Gol{hou KCN& KOÔ& gcu{ho fcnbf ~nhccf kl~{uln{~byyobu {c hbto bg| cumbg*lqok yucno~~ dcu og~ulgm{hb{ oflmlefo ~{kog{~ lgHCN cu KCN n~{ck| cu

{holu ybuog{~ buo jbkob}buo cd {holu ulmh{~' Dl*gbff|& eonb~o 2=*|obu*cfk~buo tlo}ok b~ nhlfkuog dcuyuyc~o~ cd ~yonlbf oknb{lcg fb}& {holu ybuog{~ {onhglnbff| hcfk {ho ulmh{ {c b~~ou{ {holu gook {c ~out*lno~ cu bnncjjckb{lcg~0 mltog {ho fbn` cd bffc}bgno dcu cu uoncmgl{lcg cd {ho gook dcu ybuog{bf lg*tcftojog{ lg {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj& l{ l~ klnf{ {c ljbmlgo {hb{ {ho `lgk cd ybu{gou~hly~ gono~~bu| {cbuubgmo {ho~o ~outlno~ }cfk eo dob~lefo& fo{ bfcgo ncjjcg'59 Cgo dokoubff|*dgkok ~{k| dcgk{hb{ ;?/ cd atoglfo~ uo{blgoklg {ho atoglfo ~|~{oj& otog bd{ou ncg{ucfflgm dcu cog~o& bmo& mogkou& ubno& gjeou cd yuotlc~ ato*


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glfo uodouubf~& jc~{ ~oulc~ yulcu cog~o& bgk gjeou cd nhbumo~'>2Bgc{hou ~{k| dcgk b 299*younog{muob{ou flòflhcck cd uo*buuo~{ dcu b tlcfog{ cog~o bgk b ;=*younog{ muob{ou flòflhcck cd uo*buuo~{ dcub yucyou{| cog~o bjcgm Go} \cu` atoglfo~ }hc~o nb~o~ }ouo yucno~~ok lg bkf{ nuljlgbf ncu{ncjybuok }l{h Go} Aou~o| atoglfo~ {ulok lg {ho atoglfo ~|~{oj dcu {ho ~bjo cog~o~& bgk cd {ho

~bjo bmo'>5

[ho ~{lmjb{lqb{lcg bgk c{hou gomb{lto oon{~ cd fbeoflgm atoglfo~ b~ ncgtln{ok dofcg~&{ho ~og~o cd uo~og{jog{ bgk lga~{lno atoglfo~ doof bec{ eolgm {ulok bgk ygl~hok b~ bkf{~& {hofobuglgm cd nuljlgbf jcuo~ bgk eohbtlcu }hlfo lgnbunoub{ok }l{h bkf{ cogkou~& bgk {ho konuob~okdcn~ cg uohbelfl{b{lcg bgk dbjlf| ~yycu{ lg {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj buo bff dbn{cu~ }hlnh hofy oxyfblghlmhou uonlkltl~j ub{o~ bjcgm |c{h {ulok lg {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj'>> Oxyc~uo {c bkf{ cogkou~& ~oxbf cuc{hou tlcfogno b{ {ho hbgk~ cd cfkou lgjb{o~& fbn` cd ~nhccflgm cu {uob{jog{ bgk lg{ouuy{lcg cd uo*rluok ~outlno~ dcu kl~befok ~{kog{~& bf~c ncg{ule{o {c {ho {ouulefo c{ncjo~ dcu |c{h ~og{ lg{c {hobkf{ ~|~{oj'

Uo~obunhou~ lg c{hou ~{b{o~ hbto jbko ~ljlfbu flgklgm~ bec{ 2=*|obu*cfk~ lg {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj ko {caul~kln{lcgbf fb}~ flò cu~' Uo~obunhou~ lg ]l~ncg~lg& dcu oxbjyfo& dcgk {hb{ 2=*|obu*cfk~ (}hc& b~lg Jb~~bnh~o{{~& buo b{cjb{lnbff| {uob{ok b~ bkf{~,& ncjjl{{ok go} cog~o~ b{ ~lmglflnbg{f| hlmhouub{o~ {hbg |c{h lg {ho atoglfo ~|~{oj (;8/ ctou {huoo |obu~& ncjybuok {c 28/ ctou 5 |obu~ bgk 5=/ctou dcu |obu~,'>; Uo~obunhou~ lg Gcu{h Nbucflgb dcgk ~ljlfbu uo~f{~& }l{h uonlkltl~j ub{o~ dcu {ho24* bgk 2=*|obu*cfk~ lg {holu ~|~{oj (ec{h cd }hcj buo b{cjb{lnbff| {uob{ok b~ bkf{~, bucgk ;4/'>?

Uomuo{{bef|& tou| fl{{fo Jb~~bnh~o{{~*~yonlfln kb{b l~ btblfbefo cg uonlkltl~j ub{o~ dcu ol{hou 2=*|obu*cfk~ cu atoglfo~' [ho Yuceb{lcg Koybu{jog{ kco~ gc{ òoy uo*cog~o kb{b eb~ok cg bmo dcu bkf{cogkou~ bgk kco~ gc{ {ubn` bn{bf uo*cog~o kb{b dcu atoglfo~'>4 [ho HCN ~|~{oj kco~ gc{ yeflnf|uoycu{ uonlkltl~j ub{o~ dcu {ho ycyfb{lcg~ {hb{ {ho| ~outo& bgk {ho kb{b btblfbefo ducj K\^ buo flj*l{ok {c {hc~o |c{h }hc buo bn{bff| ncjjl{{ok {c {ho n~{ck| cd K\^ (fo~~ {hbg 29/ cd {ho |c{h}hc buo buublmgok,'>= Lg ~hcu{& }o ~ljyf| hbto gc uoflbefo bgk ~yonlfln kb{b {c {off ~ }ho{hou bg| cdcu ~|~{oj~ buo }cu`lgm& fo{ bfcgo }hcj {ho| buo }cu`lgm dcu'

Ncffb{oubf Ncg~orogno~ cd Bkf{ Ncgtln{lcg~

Lg bkkl{lcg {c eolgm fo~~ flòf| {c ~nno~~dff| oxl{ {ho nuljlgbf a~{lno ~|~{oj& 2=*|obu*cfk~ {uob{ok lgbkf{ ncu{ buo eukogok }l{h b youjbgog{ bkf{ nuljlgbf uoncuk {hb{ nbg ~otouof| fljl{ {holu nhbgno~cd fldo ~nno~~'

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[ho yul~cgou~ }ouo b fc{ cfkou& ~cjo lg {holu ;9~ bgk ?9~'[ho|k eoog lg yul~cg dcu ~c fcgm& {ho|k `gc} l{ lg bgkc{& e{ {off |c {c mo{ c{ cd l{1 Kcg{ eo flò jo' ^cjo}ouo cg {ulbf dcu jukou' [hb{ }b~ b elm ~hld{ lg |cu jog*{bfl{|& flò jukou~ gcujbf'

B |cgm jbg ~og{ {c bkf{ ncg{| ablf b{ 2=

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{lbf byyflnb{lcg, bgk jb| eo ~eaon{ {c b jbgkb{cu| cu yuo~jy{lto kl~rbflflnb{lcg dcu b ncgtln{lcg&dcu oxbjyfo& }houo ~{b{o cu dokoubf fb} yuchlel{~ hlulgm b you~cg }l{h cgo cu jcuo ncgtln{lcg~'>8

_gkou dokoubf fb}& {holu dbjlflo~ jb| bf~c eo oxnfkok ducj dokoubff|*dgkok fcnbf yefln hc~lgmbgk on{lcg 8 ~e~lklqok bybu{jog{~'> ox{ogklgm atoglfo ncu{ aul~kln{lcg e| a~{ cgo|obu }cfk hbto b kubjb{lnbff| eogoflnlbf oon{ dcu jbg| |cgm yocyfo lg Jb~~bnh~o{{~' [ho~o|c{h }cfk hbto muob{ou bnno~~ {c ojyfc|jog{& dokoubff|*dgkok yefln hc~lgm& flgbgnlbf blk dcuoknb{lcg bgk jlfl{bu| ~outlno'

B~ kl~n~~ok lg {ho gox{ nhby{ou& {ho ~hcu{* bgk fcgm*{ouj nc~{~ cd fc~lgm hgkuok~ bgk youhby~{hc~bgk~ cd |cgm yocyfo obnh |obu {c uonlkltl~j& gkou* cu gojyfc|jog{& hcjofo~~go~~ bgk ~e*~{bgno be~o buo ogcujc~' Lg ncjybul~cg& lgnfklgm 2=*|obu*cfk~ lg {ho atoglfo ~|~{oj }lff hbto

do} ljjoklb{o nc~{~ bgk gjouc~& fcgm*{ouj oncgcjln bgk c{hou eogofl{~'

28

2B~ kl~n~~ok b{ Nhby{ou 2& {ho buuo~{ cog~o yucflfo cd {ho {oog~ nuuog{f| ~og{ {c {ho atoglfo ncu{ ({hc~o }hc ncjjl{ {holucog~o eodcuo {ho| {ug 2=, l~ ~ljlfbu {c {hb{ cd2=*|obu*cfk~ gc} ~og{ {c bkf{ ncu{& }l{h ec{h mucy~ jc~{ flòf| {c eo buuo~{okdcu b~~bf{~ cu {hod{'

5 JMF Nh' 22< 4='>

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; Nd' Ec~{cg Ycflno Koybu{jog{ Ufo >28E (uorlulgm gc{lno {c ybuog{~ bgk ~yonlbf {ubg~ycu{lgm bgk hcfklgm yucnokuo~ dcu ato*

glfo~,& btblfbefo b{ h{{y1##}}}'nl{|cdec~{cg'mct#ycflno#ufo~'b~y'? Ycyfb{lcg Uoycu{ oy{ojeou 5922& Jb~~bnh~o{{~ ^houl~ B~~cn' btblfbefo b{1h{{y1##}}}'jb~~'mct#3ybmoLK:j~bmogouln ?fbgklgm$F:2$F9:Hcjo$d:HcjoSjcuo$~lk:^j~b.{cy'

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= Lk'8 Goofj Bu|b& Lbg Bmbu{og& bgk \bbjlgl Ubc' [ho Ncggon{ln{ ^nno~~ ^{cu|1 Ubl~lgm {ho Bmo cd Atoglfo Ncu{ Aul~kln{lcg b{ 5'

Nbjyblmg dcu \c{h A~{lno (Byulf 599=8 lg 599< you uo~obunh yuctlkok {c NdAA e| {ho Yuceb{lcg Uo~obunh Kltl~lcg'22 Lg mogoubf& {ho Kl~{uln{ bgk Ec~{cg Jglnlybf Ncu{~ (EJN, hbgkfo jl~kojobgcu~& nuljo~ {hb{ nbuu| yogbf{lo~ cd fo~~ {hbg ?

|obu~ ljyul~cgjog{& bgk nou{blg c{hou nuljo~ koflgok e| ~{b{{o cu ko{oujlgok e| ncu{0 {ho ^youlcu Ncu{~ hbgkfo jcuo ~oulc~

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Lk'b{ =' B uonog{ fl{oub{uo uotlo} ncgkn{ok e| {ho _NFB ^nhccf cd Fb} Atoglfo A~{lno Yucaon{ }b~ ncg~l~{og{ }l{h {ho~o flgk*lgm~1 B ncjylfb{lcg cd ~{b{l~{ln~ ducj 2? ~{b{o~ lgklnb{o~ {hb{ atoglfo~ uofob~ok ducj ~{b{o yul~cg~ buo uobuuo~{ok b{ b ub{o cd85/& bub{o 24/ hlmhou {hbg {holu bkf{ ncg{ouybu{~' {klo~ dcn~lgm cg lgkltlkbf ~{b{o~ yucknok ~ljlfbu uo~f{~' ' ' '\c{h {ulok b~bkf{~ lg Yogg~|ftbglb }ouo jcuo flòf| {c eo uobuuo~{ok bd{ou {holu uofob~o& bgk dcu jcuo ~oulc~ nuljo~& {hbg |c{h yuc~on{ok lg

atoglfo ncu{' Jlggo~c{b |c{h {ulok b~ bkf{~ }ouo 24/ jcuo flòf| {hbg {holu yoou~ {ulok lg atoglfo ncu{ {c uocogk }l{hlg 5|obu~ cd uofob~o' Bmblg& {ho~o |c{h }ouo uobuuo~{ok dcu jcuo ~oulc~ nuljo~ {hbg {hc~o ~og{ognok b~ atoglfo~& otlkognok e| b 25/klouogno lg buuo~{~ dcu dofcg| cog~o~ bmblg~{ you~cg~ bgk yucyou{| eo{}oog {ho {}c mucy~' ^{klo~ oxbjlglgm {ho gomb{lto lj*ybn{ cd {ubg~dou cg uonlkltl~j hbto ncgnfkok {hb{ |c{h lg atoglfo n~{ck| eogofl{ ducj ~outlno~ {hb{ atoglfo dbnlfl{lo~ buoglrof| orlyyok {c yuctlko& }houob~ |c{h ~eaon{ {c {ubg~dou buo cd{og yfbnok lg bg ogtlucgjog{ }houo bkf{ nuljlgbf~ PbuoZ{holu {obnhou~' [ho Ljybn{ cd Yuc~on{lgm \c{h lg {ho Bkf{ Nuljlgbf A~{lno |~{oj1 B Uotlo} cd {ho Fl{oub{uo' _NFB ^nhccf cdFb} Atoglfo A~{lno Yucaon{ (Af|5929,'

>; ôo Ul~`lgm [holu D{uo~1 ]h| [u|lgm Gcgtlcfog{ 2= \obu Cfk~ b~ Bkf{~ l~ Ebk Ycfln| dcu ]l~ncg~lg']l~ncg~lg Ncgnlf cg Nhlfkuogbgk Dbjlflo~& b{ 4'

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[ho Yuceb{lcg Koybu{jog{ {ubn`~ bgk jbò~ yefln {ho gjeou cd go} ~uuogkou nb~o~ nb~o~ lg }hlnh bg lgkltlkbf hb~ tlc*fb{ok {ho {ouj~ cd {holu yuceb{lcg (ol{hou dcu b go} cog~o cu b~ {ho uo~f{ cd b {onhglnbf tlcfb{lcg, e{ gc{ uonlkltl~j ub{o~'>=

KCN kco~ yuctlko uomfbu uonlkltl~j kb{b dcu l{~ ycyfb{lcg& e{ eonb~o cd {ho tou| ~jbff gjeou cd2=*|obu*cfk~ ~og{ognok {cKCN n~{ck|& {ho gjeou~ buo ~{b{l~{lnbff| guoflbefo' Bg cfkou ~{k| e| {ho Jb~~bnh~o{{~ ôg{ognlgm Ncjjl~~lcg bf~c otbf*b{ok uonlkltl~j bjcgm cogkou~ lg tbulc~ `lgk~ cd ~{b{o n~{ck|& e{ cgf| ncg~lkouok {ho mucy cd lgkltlkbf~ }hc }ouo gkou59 ~c }b~ gc{ fljl{ok {c 2= |obu cfk~'

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59

;2]hlfo bg| bflog ncgtln{ok cd b nuljo jb| eo koycu{ok& atoglfo bkaklnb{lcg~ cd koflgrogn| buo gc{ ncg~lkouok ncgtln{lcg~ e|ljjlmub{lcg b{hcul{lo~& ~c |c{h }hc buo bkaklnb{ok koflgrog{ buo gc{ ~eaon{ {c koycu{b{lcg ~cfof| cg {ho eb~l~ cd {holucog~o' ôoL'G'B' 292(b,(;8,(B,0 8 _'^'N' 2292(b,(;8,(B,'

;5 ôo K\^ t' B Atoglfo& >8; Jb~~' b{ =8= (Bg bkaklnb{lcg ncgnouglgm b atoglfo l~ gc{& cd ncu~o& b ncgtln{lcg cd nuljo',';> ôoJ'M'F' n' 22< 49B (PUZoncuk~ cd {ho ncu{ lg nb~o~ cd koflgrogn| bul~lgm gkou ~on{lcg~ fld{|*{}c {c fld{|*glgo& lgnf~lto&

~hbff eo }l{hhofk ducj yefln lg~yon{lcg oxnoy{ }l{h {ho ncg~og{ cd b a~{lno cd ~nh ncu{ ' ' ',0 ~oo bf~c 89> NJU5'9; (NCUL~hbff gc{ lgnfko lgdcujb{lcg ncgnouglgm b you~cg }hc l~ gkou {ho bmo cd2= gfo~~ {hb{ you~cg l~ yuc~on{ok nuljlgbff| yu~bg{

{c J'M'F n' 22


29/44

]o `gc} {hb{ lgnfklgm 2=*|obu*cfk~ lg cu atoglfo ncu{ ~|~{oj l~ flòf| {c ljyucto c{ncjo~ dcu{oog~ bgk ncjjgl{lo~& e| hcfklgm {ucefok {oog~ bnncg{befo {hucmh job~uo~ {hb{ uokno d{uonuljo' E{ }hb{ ljybn{ }lff l{ hbto cg cu oxl~{lgm nuljlgbf bgk atoglfo a~{lno ~|~{oj~3 Bgk }hb{}lff l{ nc~{3

Dcu{gb{of|& {ho Jb~~bnh~o{{~ atoglfo a~{lno ~|~{oj l~ lg bg g~bff| mcck yc~l{lcg {c lgncuycub{o2=*|obu*cfk~ ulmh{ gc}' Ctou {ho yb~{ konbko& atoglfo nuljo hb~ konuob~ok bgk nb~ofcbk~ lg {ho ato*

glfo ncu{ bgk b{ {ho Koybu{jog{ cd \c{h ôutlno~ (K\^, hbto kucyyok kubjb{lnbff|& uo~f{lgm lg nb*ybnl{| lg {ho ~|~{oj {c hbgkfo bkkl{lcgbf |c{h'2B{ {ho ~bjo {ljo& jbg| aul~kln{lcg~ lgJb~~bnh~o{{~ buo eomlgglgm {c oxyouljog{ }l{h kltou~lcg yucmubj~ dcu fc}*fotof cogkou~& btclklgm{ho hlmh nc~{ cd ncu{ yucnooklgm~& lgnbunoub{lcg bgk otog yuceb{lcg }houo yefln ~bdo{| nbg eo eo{*{ou ~outok {hucmh ncjjgl{|*eb~ok yucmubj~ bgk lgnog{lto~' [ho nuuog{ atoglfo a~{lno ~|~{oj bf*uobk| ~outo~ 2=*|obu*cfk~ ([ho btoubmo bmo cd |c{h lg K\^ n~{ck| l~ 2='5 |obu~, bgk hb~ yucmubj~ lgyfbno dcu {hoj' Dlgbff|& K\^ bgk c{hou yuctlkou~ lg {ho atoglfo ~|~{oj buo nuuog{f| lgto~{lgm lg bgjeou cd go}& otlkogno*kultog lgl{lb{lto~ ko~lmgok {c eo{{ou ~outo |c{h }hlfo kultlgm kc}g nc~{~'[ho~o lgnfko uoknlgm ggono~~bu| ~onuo ncgflgojog{ (e| dbu {ho jc~{ oxyog~lto cy{lcg,& ljyuct*lgm {ho nbybnl{| bgk {ublglgm cd atoglfo kodogkou~ uoyuo~og{lgm |c{h bgk eo{{ou nccuklgb{lgm ~out*lno~ eo{}oog K\^& Koybu{jog{ cd Nhlfkuog bgk Dbjlflo~ (KND, bgk jog{bf hobf{h yuctlkou~ {c

bkkuo~~ gkouf|lgm nb~o~ cd koflgrogn|'

B~ b uo~f{ cd {ho~o kotofcyjog{~& lgnfklgm 2=*|obu*cfk~ lg {ho atoglfo a~{lno ~|~{oj l~ jcuo cd bjb{{ou cd uo*bffcnb{lgm uo~cuno~ {hbg bg|{hlgm of~o' [ho atoglfo ~|~{oj nbg hbgkfo {ho o~{ljb{oklgstx cd2=*|obu*cfk~ }l{hc{ bkklgm dbnlfl{lo~ cu ~{b' [h~ {houo }cfk eo fl{{fo cu gc nc~{ lg lg*nfklgm 2=*|obu*cfk~ lg {ho atoglfo ~|~{oj' Hc}otou& {ho nc~{~ cd lgnuob~ok nuljo bgk fcgm*{ouj fldok|~dgn{lcg {ho flòf| uo~f{~ cd ncg{lglgm {c lgnfko 2=*|obu*cfk~ lg {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj buo ~e*~{bg{lbf'

nhby{ou ;

B _glro Cyycu{gl{| dcu ^|~{oj Uodcuj

[houo l~ b hcuulefo yc{og{lbf {c bktou~of| ljybn{ b `lk~ fldodcu ~cjo{hlgm ~{ylk'

Db{hou cd b 2=*|obu*cfk yuc~on{ok b~ bg bkf{ dcu b gcgtlcfog{ yubg`

52


30/44

Bg{lnlyb{ok Ljybn{ cg {ho Atoglfo ^|~{oj cd Lgnfklgm 2=*|obu*cfk~

Ycflno Uo~cuno~ bgk Bf{ougb{lto Fcn` _y~

Eonb~o {ho ycflno bfuobk| uo~ycgk {c bff buuo~{~& {houo l~ gc bg{lnlyb{ok gook dcu bkkl{lcgbf ycflno~outlno~ ld2=*|obu*cfk~ buo lgnfkok lg {ho atoglfo ~|~{oj'

Eok~ lg Bf{ougb{lto Fcn`*y Yucmubj~ (BFY~,& ~hcu{*{ouj dbnlfl{lo~ {hb{ buo ~ok dcu buuo~{ok |c{h&jb| gook {c eo lgnuob~ok ~flmh{f| lg cukou {c bnncjjckb{o {hc~o |c{h }hc nbggc{ eo uofob~ok {c{holu ybuog{~ }hlfo }bl{lgm dcu ncu{ {c cyog (otoglgm~& }oo`ogk~ bgk hcflkb|~, e{ buo uorluok e|dokoubf fb} {c eo uojctok ducj ycflno ~{b{lcg~ bgk yuc{on{ok ducj bkf{ cogkou~' Mltog {ho ~jbffgjeou cd2=*|obu*cfk~ }hc buo buuo~{ok dcu tlcfog{ cog~o~ ~{b{o}lko (?44 lg 5998& {ho jc~{ uonog{kb{b btblfbefo& }l{h {hb{ gjeou bg{lnlyb{ok {c kucy lg 599< bgk 5929,& l{ l~ bg{lnlyb{ok {hb{ gc jcuo{hbg b hbgkdf cd2=*|obu*cfk~ }cfk gook {c eo hofk lg BFY~ bucgk {ho ~{b{o cg bg| mltog kb|' Nu*uog{f| BFY~ buo dgkok }l{h dokoubf kcffbu~& ~c {houo }cfk eo gc ljjoklb{o ljybn{ cg {ho ~{b{o ekmo{'

Ljybn{ cg Ncu{& Kl~{uln{ B{{cugo| bgk Kodog~o ^outlno~

Lg 5929& >&828 2=*|obu*cfk~ }ouo buublmgok lg kl~{uln{ cu ~youlcu ncu{~'5 [ho tb~{ jbacul{| cd {ho~o

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Mltog {ho kubjb{ln bgkncg{lglgm uokn{lcg~

lg {ho atoglfo ncu{nb~ofcbk& NdAA kco~ gc{bg{lnlyb{o {hb{ bkkl*{lcgbf ~{bgm (}ho{houncu{ you~cggof& kl~{uln{b{{cugo|~ cu kodog~o b{*{cugo|~, }cfk eogookok {c hbgkfo go}~otog{oog |obu cfk bu*ublmgjog{~' Bf{hcmh~{bjb| gook {c eo uofcnb{ok {c ncu{~ }l{h hlmhou ctoubff nb~ofcbk~& {ho~o uobffcnb{lcg~ ~hcfk gc{ljybn{ ekmo{ ec{{cj flgo~'

Yuo*[ulbf Ko{og{lcg1

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atoglfo bgk 2=*|obu*cfk buublmgjog{~& 599=5929

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55


31/44

~lcg cd2=*|obu*cfk~ }cfk eulgm bggbf ko{og{lcg nb~ofcbk~ ebn` {c 599= fotof~&4 {houodcuo uorlulgmcgf| jcko~{& ld bg|& bkkl{lcgbf c{fb|~ lg dgk~ {c nctou bg| dgk~ {hb{ hbto eoog uobffcnb{ok ducj{hl~ buob {c c{hou lgl{lb{lto~' [ho~o nc~{~ }lff eo du{hou c~o{ e| uokn{lcg~ lg {ho yuo*{ulbf ablf cuHCN ycyfb{lcg cd2=*|obu*cfk~'

Lg ncg{ub~{ {c {ho ablf~

cu HCN ~|~{oj& K\^hb~ bf~c bmmuo~~ltof|yu~ok uodcuj lg {ho~o cd yuo*{ulbf ko{og*{lcg& coulgm {ho yc~~l*elfl{| cd otog du{hounc~{ ~btlgm~' Lg ncffbec*ub{lcg }l{h Bgglo O'Nb~o|~ gb{lcgbf Ato*glfo Ko{og{lcg Bf{ougb*

{lto Lgl{lb{lto (AKBL,&K\^ hb~ bkcy{okjckof yubn{lno~ dcu ko*{oujlglgm }hlnh |c{h{c ko{blg bgk dcu hc}fcgm& yubn{lno~ {hb{ l{yfbg~ {c oxybgk bnuc~~{ho ~{b{o'=

^lgno K\^ nuuog{f|hb~ n~{ck| cd b gjeou cd2=*|obu*cfk~ bgk yuctlko~ {uob{jog{ bgk n~{ck| dcu |c{h y {c bmo 52&l{ l~ gc{ bg{lnlyb{ok {hb{ nhbgmlgm {ho bmo cd atoglfo aul~kln{lcg }cfk uorluo nhbgmo~ lg ~{b{ublglgm cu {ho ~outlno~ {hb{ buo yuctlkok'

Yuceb{lcg outlno~1

]hlfo {ho bkkl{lcg cd2=*|obu*cfk~ {c {ho atoglfo ~|~{oj jb| uorluo ~cjo uo{ublglgm cu uobffcnb{lcgcd yuceb{lcg cnou~& l{ l~ gc{ bg{lnlyb{ok {hb{ Yuceb{lcg }lff lgnu bkkl{lcgbf oxyog~o~ b~ {ho uo~f{cd {ho nhbgmo' Yuceb{lcg nuuog{f| yuctlko~ ~outlno~ {c 2=*|obu*cfk~ lg {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj& bgk {houo buogc nb~ofcbk ~{bgkbuk~ dcu ol{hou atoglfo cu bkf{ yuceb{lcg cnou~' B{ fob~{ g{lf uonog{f|& l{ byyobu~{hb{ yuceb{lcg nb~ofcbk~ }ouo kultog fo~~ e| nb~o ~{bgm gook~ lg b ybu{lnfbu uomlcg cu cno {hbg e|}houo yuodouuok nbgklkb{o~ }l~h {c eo yfbnok& 8 bgk b uonog{ uonbfnfb{lcg cd {ho yuceb{lcg nb~ofcbke| {ho bn{lgm ncjjl~~lcgou lgklnb{o~ {hb{ {ho yuceb{lcg nb~ofcbk l~ bn{bff|hbfdcd }hb{ }b~ yuotl*

c~f| uoycu{ok' Dcu{gb{of|& {ho Yuceb{lcg Koybu{jog{ l~ lg {ho jlk~{ cd b ncjyuohog~lto ctouhbfcd l{~ hlulgm bgk b~~lmgjog{ yucnokuo~0 {ho {ljo l~ {houodcuo ulyo {c lgnfko 2=*|obu*cfk~ ~c {hb{ Yuc*eb{lcg nbg lgncuycub{o {hl~ ncg~lkoub{lcg lg{c l{~ ~{ub{omln yfbgglgm yucno~~'

K\^ Ncjjl{jog{ Nb~ofcbk bgk Yc~{*[ulbf ^outlno~1

B~ yuotlc~f| gc{ok& NdAA o~{ljb{o~ {hb{ do}ou {hbg 29/ cd atoglfo~ bgk 25/ cd2=*|obu*cfk~ }hc buobuublmgok lg ncu{ buo bn{bff| ~og{ognok bgk lgnbunoub{ok b~ b uo~f{ cd {holu cog~o' NdAA o~{ljb{o~ {hb{do}ou {hbg ?99 lgkltlkbf~ }hc }ouo ~otog{oog |obu~ cfk b{ {ho {ljo cd {holu cog~o }ouo ~og{ognok {c

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32/44

5;

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33/44

nb~o~ bgk og~ulgm {hb{ `lk~ buo hofk bnncg{befo dcu b{{ogklgm ~nhccf bgk ybu{lnlyb{lgm lg c{hou~outlno~ {hb{ uokno uonlkltl~j bgk lgnuob~o fldo ~nno~~'

Eo|cgk {ho~o ljyuo~~lto c{ncjo~ dcu lgkltlkbf |c{h& {houo buo {uojogkc~& ljjoklb{o fl~nbf bgk~cnlbf eogofl{~ {hb{ }lff eo uobflqok e| bff Jb~~bnh~o{{~ {bxyb|ou~ ld }o uodcuj cu ~|~{oj {c dcn~ cgkonuob~lgm uonlkltl~j dcu |cgm cogkou~ bgk og~ulgm {hb{ {ho| b{{ogk bgk ncjyfo{o ~nhccf'

[ho {}c yulgnlybf mucy~ {hb{ eogofl{ ducj uoknok cogklgm buo (2, yultb{o nl{lqog~& }hc~o hbuj~buo uoknok b~ {ho gjeou bgk#cu ~otoul{| cd nuljo~ buo uoknok0 bgk (5, yefln bmognlo~& {hb{ }lff~yogk fo~~ {c lgto~{lmb{o& buuo~{& bgk ~youtl~o lgkltlkbf~ }hc ko~l~{ obuflou ducj oxyon{ok cogk*lgm'2> Cgo ~{k| o~{ljb{ok {hb{ {ho btoubmo nc~{ {c nl{lqog~bgk yefln bmognlo~ you atoglfo buuo~{ l~ ~flmh{f| gkou+>9&999'9902; b~~jlgm {hb{ bjcg{ l~ bnnub{o lg Jb~~b*nh~o{{~& uoknlgm d{uo cog~o~ bjcgm 2=*|obu*cfk~ e|otog 5?/ ncfk uo~f{ lg ~btlgm~ cd {og~ cd jlfflcg~ cd kcf*fbu~ obnh |obu'2? C{hou yucmubj~ ~{k|lgm {ho nc~{*oon{lto*go~~ cd {bumo{ok atoglfo lg{outog{lcg yucmubj~ hbto dcgk

{hb{ ~nno~~df yucmubj~ nbg ~bto {bxyb|ou~ ducj +>9&999 {cctou +299&999 you {oog& obnh |obu& lg lgnbunoub{lcg& tln{lj*lqb{lcg bgk c{hou nc~{~'24

^ljyf| ljyuctlgm {ho nhbgno~ {hb{ |cgm yocyfo nuuog{f|~}oy{ lg{c {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj }cfk mubkb{o ducj hlmh~nhccf ncfk bf~c hbto b hmo ljybn{ cg {ho Jb~~bnh~o{{~oncgcj|' Uo~obunhou~ o~{ljb{o {hb{ gobuf|2;&599 ~{kog{~}hc ~hcfk hbto mubkb{ok ducj Jb~~bnh~o{{~ hlmh~nhccf~ lg 5929 hbk kucyyok c{ lg~{obk0 {ho fc~{ fldo{ljo obuglgm~ lg Jb~~bnh~o{{~ dcu {hb{ nfb~~ cdkucyc{~ bfcgo {c{bf gobuf| +>'= elfflcg'2= [ho~o ~bjo uo~obunhou~ bf~c o~{ljb{ok {hb{ Jb~~bnh~o{{~

oncgcj| ncfk ~oo b ncjelgb{lcg cd nuljo*uofb{ok ~btlgm~ bgk bkkl{lcgbf uotogo cd bec{ +22? jlf*flcg obnh |obuld {ho jbfo hlmh ~nhccf mubkb{lcg ub{o lgnuob~ok e| a~{ ? younog{'28 Lg {ho Ec~{cg jo{*ucycfl{bg buob& }houo ctou 29&999 ~{kog{~ kucyyok c{ cd {ho nfb~~ cd5998& mo{{lgm a~{ bgbkkl{lcgbf 2&999 ~{kog{~ {c mubkb{o ncfk hbto b {uojogkc~ ljybn{& b~ {ho~o mubkb{o~ }cfk obugbg bkkl{lcgbf +2? jlfflcg obnh |obu& ~yogk bg bkkl{lcgbf +2'; jlfflcg obnh |obu yunhb~lgm tohlnfo~bgk& e| {ho {ljo {ho| uobnh {ho jlkyclg{ cd {holu nbuoou~& }cfk e| hcjo~ }cu{h +?> jlfflcg jcuo{hbg }hb{ {ho| }cfk fl`of| hbto ~yog{ }l{hc{ b klyfcjb'2< [ho~o mubkb{o~ ncfk bf~c ~yycu{


34/44

tlcfb{lcg~ cd {ho {ouj~ cd {holu yuceb{lcg0

5' Oxybgklgm bgk nuob{lgm ncg~l~{og{ ~{bgkbuk~ dcu {ho ~o cd yuo*buublmgjog{ bgk yuo*{ulbf kltou*~lcg dcu atoglfo~& ybu{lnfbuf| dcu atoglfo~ buuo~{ok dcu cu nhbumok }l{h fc}*fotof cog~o~0

>'Bkcy{lgm eo~{ yubn{lno~ dcu atoglfo yuceb{lcg cnou~& lgnfklgm {ho ~o cd otlkogno*eb~ok ul~`

b~~o~~jog{ {ccf~ bgk byyucyulb{o dcffc}*y bgk ~youtl~lcg {c uokno {ho nhbgno~ {hb{ |c{h}lff uocogk0

;' Nuob{lgm bkkl{lcgbf bf{ougb{lto {c lgnbunoub{lcg yucmubj~ dcu atoglfo cogkou~& ybu{lnfbuf|nhobyou& ncjjgl{|*eb~ok yucmubj~ {hb{ kluon{f| ogmbmo |c{h bgk {holu dbjlflo~0 bgk

?' Ncg{lglgm {c bkcy{ eo~{ yubn{lno~ dcu atoglfo kodog~o b{{cugo|~& lgnfklgm {ho ~o cd ~yonlbf*lqok fb}|ou~ bgk ~cnlbf }cuòu~ ojyfc|lgm b \c{h Kotofcyjog{ Byyucbnh {c uoyuo~og{b{lcg'

2 [houo buo jf{lyfo yc~~lefo oxyfbgb{lcg~ dcu {ho kubjb{ln uokn{lcg lg nb~o~& lgnfklgm fc}ou atoglfo nuljo ub{o~& jcuo ~nno~~dflg{outog{lcg~ }l{h |cgm yocyfo& bgk otog fc}ou ub{o~ cd nuljo uoycu{lgm'

5 Ojblf ducj Yuceb{lcg Koybu{jog{ Uo~obunh Kltl~lcg {c NdAA& Byulf 2 ôo Ucjbg& Achg @'& Bbucg ^gkrl~{& Aouo| B' E{{~& Bbucg Nhbfflg& bgk ^ljcg [lkk (5929,' Nc~{*Eogofl{ Bgbf|~l~ cd Uonfblj*

lgm D{uo~' B Uonfbljlgm D{uo~ Gb{lcgbf Otbfb{lcg Uoycu{ b{ 59 (~o{{lgm dcu{h b jckof dcu b~~o~~lgm {ho nc~{~ b~~cnlb{ok }l{huonlkltl~j,'

2;ôo lk' [ho nc~{ o~{ljb{o~ lg {ho Uonfbljlgm D{uo~uoycu{ buo eb~ok cg ko{og{lcg bgk ncjjl{jog{ nc~{~ {hb{ buo ~lmglflnbg{f| fo~~{hbg {ho o~{ljb{ok nc~{~ dcu {ho~o ~outlno~ lg Jb~~bnh~o{{~0 bnncuklgmf|& l{ l~ tou| flòf| {hb{ {ho nc~{~ b~~cnlb{ok }l{h uonlkltl~j&b~ }off b~ {ho yc{og{lbf nc~{ ~btlgm~ lg yuotog{lgm d{uo nuljo& }cfk eo jnh jcuo ~lmglflnbg{ lg Jb~~bnh~o{{~'

2? B~~jlgm {hb{ ?9/ cd2=*|obu*cfk~ }hc }ouo buublmgok lg 599< uo*cogkok& ld otog 5?/ cd {ho~o |c{h klk gc{ uocogk& {ho ~bt*lgm~ }cfk eo gobuf| +2= jlfflcg'

24 ôo^{oto Bc~& Jbugb Jlffou& bgk Oflqbeo{h Kubò' Otlkogno*Eb~ok Yefln Ycfln| Cy{lcg~ {c Uokno D{uo Yul~cg Ncg~{un{lcg&Nuljlgbf A~{lno Nc~{~& bgk Nuljo Ub{o~' Cf|jylb1 ]b~hlgm{cg ^{b{o Lg~{l{{o dcu Yefln Ycfln| (5994,'

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Lk'2 uoston{lgm b muc}lgm ncg~og~~ {hb{ {ho eo~{ }b| {c bkkuo~~ |c{hdfcogklgm bgk {c yuotog{ nuljo l~ {c {uob{ |c{h lg }b|~ {hb{ hcfk {hoj bnncg{befo }hlfo bf~cbkkuo~~lgm {holu glro kotofcyjog{bf ~{b{~ bgk gook~'

Jckof~ dcu Nhbgmo1 [ho Oxyoulogno~ cd Ncggon{ln{ bgk Lfflgcl~

Lg Ncggon{ln{& 24*|obu*cfk~ hbto eoog uo{ugok {c {ho atoglfo a~{lno ~|~{oj& bgk 2=*|obu*cfk~ buo~nhokfok {c eo bkkok {c {ho ~|~{oj cg Af|2& 5925'; Lg Lfflgcl~& {ho foml~fb{uo eombg e| uo{uglgm 2=*|obu*cfk~ bnn~ok cd jl~kojobgcu~ {c {ho atoglfo a~{lno ~|~{oj0? bf{hcmh {hc~o bnn~ok cd dofcglo~buo ~{lff {ulok lg bkf{ ncu{& foml~fb{lcg l~ nuuog{f| yogklgm {c bkkuo~~ {ho~o nb~o~ b~ }off'4B~ kl~*n~~ok eofc}& ec{h ~{b{o~ cou Jb~~bnh~o{{~ yc{og{lbff| ~odf jckof~ dcu uodcuj'

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Ncggon{ln{1 Uoncmglqlgm {ho Ljycu{bgno cd Nhbgmo Ko~yl{o _yducg{ Nc~{~

Fl`o Jb~~bnh~o{{~& Ncggon{ln{~ fb} o~{befl~hlgm 24 b~ {ho fc}ou bmo cd bkf{ nuljlgbf ncu{ aul~*kln{lcg }b~ b uofln cd {ho yb~{' Ocu{~ {c ubl~o {ho bmo cd atoglfo ncu{ aul~kln{lcg lg Ncggon{ln{nbjo {cmo{hou lg 599?& ~yuuok lg ybu{ e| {ho {ubmln ~lnlko cd Kbtlk Eumc~& b 2=*|obu*cfk }hc }b~~oulgm ducj g{uob{ok jog{bf hobf{h l~~o~ bgk }b~ ncgflgok lg bg bkf{ dbnlfl{| }hlfo b}bl{lgm

{ulbf }hog ho {cc` hl~ fldo'= Ncggon{ln{ bn{bff| dbnok b ncg~lkoubef| jcuo kbg{lgm {b~` {hbg Jb~*~bnh~o{{~& b~ {holu fb} uorluok ec{h 24* bgk 2=*|obu*cfk~ {c eo b{cjb{lnbff| {ulok lg bkf{ ncu{&}l{h gobuf|8&999 |cgm yocyfo dbnlgm bkf{ ncu{ aul~kln{lcg otou| |obu'8B~ lg Jb~~bnh~o{{~& {hobkf{ yul~cg ~|~{oj lg Ncggon{ln{ }b~ gc{ orlyyok {c hofy {ho~o {oog~ eoncjo ncg{ule{lgm joj*eou~ cd ~cnlo{| ycg uoog{u|0 {ho fbn` cd oknb{lcgbf& tcnb{lcgbf bgk c{hou ~outlno~ dcu 24 bgk2= |obu cfk~ jobg{ {hb{ jbg| |c{h lg Ncggon{ln{ }ouo jcuo fl`of| {c ncjjl{ go} nuljo~' lg eogofl{ dcu otou| +2 lg nc~{& b~~j*lgm gc go} atoglfo dbnlfl{lo~ }ouo gookok'25 Otog }l{h go} ncg~{un{lcg dcu atoglfo dbnlfl{lo~ lg*nfkok lg {ho nc~{~ cd {ho jcto& {ho| o~{ljb{ok {ho uo~f{ }cfk eo b fl{{fo fo~~ {hbg b +2 uo{ug dcuotou| +2 lgto~{ok kulgm {ho |obu~ cd ncg~{un{lcg& lgnuob~lgm {c b +> uo{ug dcu otou| +2 lgto~{ok lgdcffc}lgm |obu~'2>

Lg 5994& {ho Ncggon{ln{ Mogoubf B~~ojef| nuob{ok b Atoglfo Aul~kln{lcg Yfbgglgm bgk Ljyfojog*{b{lcg Ncjjl{{oo (AAYLN, bgk& lg 599=& {ho AAYLN uoncjjogkok {hb{ {ho foml~fb{uo eomlg b {}c*|obu yucno~~ {c ubl~o {ho bmo cd atoglfo ncu{ aul~kln{lcg ducj 24 {c 28'2; [ho AAYLN du{hou

uoncjjogkok {hb{ {ho ~{b{o (2, ljyucto ncu{ kltou~lcg bgk yuo*{ulbf ko{og{lcg yubn{lno~0 (5, o~{be*fl~h uomlcgbf |c{h ncu{~0 (>, mubkbff| yhb~o lg ~outlno~ bgk ~yycu{~ dcu 24* bgk 2=*|obu*cfk~ ({cbtclk ~{ublglgm {ho nuuog{ ~|~{oj,0 bgk (;, o~{befl~h b ycfln| bgk cyoub{lcg~ nccuklgb{lgm ncgnlf {cjcgl{cu {ho ljyfojog{b{lcg cd {ho nog{ubf ncjycgog{~ cd {ho AAYLN yfbg'2?

[c kb{o& {ho bkkl{lcg cd24*|obu*cfk~ hb~ hbk fo~~ cd bg ljybn{ {hbg oxyon{ok1 Ncggon{ln{ ko{ou*jlgok {hb{ {ho nuob{lcg cd |c{h ncu{~ }b~ ggono~~bu| bgk 24*|obu*cfk~ hbto eoog be~cueok }l{h*c{ bkklgm bg| go} ncu{~ cu elfklgm bg| go} {ublglgm ~nhccf~ cu dbnlfl{lo~' Lg dbn{& otog }l{h {ho

Oddcu{~ {c ubl~o {ho bmo cd atoglfo ncu{ aul~kln{lcg lgNcggon{ln{ }ouo ~yuuok e| {ho {ubmln ~lnlko cd KbtlkEumc~& b 2=*|obu*cfk }hc }b~ ~ddoulgm ducj g{uob{okjog{bf hobf{h ncgkl{lcg~ bgk }b~ lgnbunoub{ok lg bg bkf{dbnlfl{| cg b yuceb{lcg tlcfb{lcg }hog ho {cc` hl~ fldo'


37/44

59/ nbybnl{|' 24

Ncggon{ln{~ {hcmh{df bgk ~{ub{omlnbff| yfbggok {ubg~dcu*

jb{lcg cd l{~ atoglfo a~{lno ~|~{oj& otog lg {ho dbno cd yc*{og{lbf yducg{ nc~{~& l~ bg ljycu{bg{ jckof dcuJb~~bnh~o{{~' B~ {ho Ncggon{ln{ foml~fb{uo uobflqok& {honc~{*~btlgm~ uobflqok e| uoknlgm uonlkltl~j bgk ljyuctlgmfldo c{ncjo~ dcu |c{h jcuo {hbg c~o{ bg| ~hcu{*{oujnc~{~' Ybu{lnfbuf| dcu Jb~~bnh~o{{~& }houo {ho bg{lnlyb{oklgstx cd2=*|obu*cfk~ l~ gc{bg{lnlyb{ok {c lgnuob~o {ho ato*glfo ncu{ cu K\^ nb~ofcbk eo|cgk fotof~ cd a~{ b do} |obu~bmc bgk l~ gc{ bg{lnlyb{ok {c ljybn{ yuceb{lcg nb~ofcbk~ b{bff& {ho flgbgnlbf bgk ~cnlbf bktbg{bmo~ cd jctlgm 2=*|obu*cfk~

lg{c {ho atoglfo ~|~{oj buo byybuog{' Jb~~bnh~o{{~ ~hcfkgc{ }bl{ dcu b {ubmok| {c ~yu uodcuj0 {ho {ljo dcu foml~fb{ltonhbgmo l~ gc}'

Lfflgcl~1 B [}c*^{oy Byyucbnh

Lfflgcl~& fl`o Jb~~bnh~o{{~& b{cjb{lnbff| {uob{ok bff 2=*|obu*cfk~ b~ bkf{~ uombukfo~~ cd {ho cog~o'Fl`o Ncggon{ln{ bgk Jb~~bnh~o{{~& {ho Lfflgcl~ fb} o~{befl~hlgm {ho {huo~hcfk dcu bkf{ ncu{ aul~*kln{lcg b{ 2=}b~ b hcfkctou ducj bg obuflou oub'2= Hc}otou& lg 599


38/44

>9

2 [ho~o ~{b{o~ lgnfko ]l~ncg~lg& Gcu{h Nbucflgb& Jl~~cul& bgk Go} Hbjy~hluo'5

Goofj Bu|b (5922,' ^{b{o [uogk~1 Foml~fb{lto Nhbgmo~ ducj 599? {c 5929 Uojctlgm \c{h ducj {ho Bkf{ Nuljlgbf A~{lno |~{oj&]b~hlgm{cg& KN1 Nbjyblmg dcu \c{h A~{lno& b{ ='

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39/44

>2

Lg cukou {c og~uo {hb{ 2=*|obu*cfk~ buo dff| lg{omub{ok lg{c bgk ~outok e| cu oxl~{lgm atoglfo a~*{lno ~|~{oj& }o }cfk gook {c nhbgmo cu fb} {c ubl~o {ho yyou bmo fljl{ dcu atoglfo ncu{ koflg*rogn| bgk |c{hdf cogkou aul~kln{lcg {c 2=' Lgkook& {ho foml~fb{uo hb~ uonog{f| ojeubnokyuonl~of| {hl~ `lgk cd ncjyuohog~lto uodcuj lg b nfc~of| uofb{ok buob& ubl~lgm {ho bmo cd atoglfo ncu{aul~kln{lcg dcu `lk~ lg dc~{ou nbuo {c bmo 55& oon{lto Abgbu|5922'2

Otog }l{hc{ ~|~{oj*}lko uodcuj& hc}otou& {houo buo c{hou }b|~ {c uokno {ho gjeou cd2=*|obu*

cfk~ b{cjb{lnbff| {ulok bgk ~og{ognok b~ bkf{~ lg Jb~~bnh~o{{~ bgk {c bkkuo~~ {ho yuo~ogno cd2=*|obu*cfk~ lg bkf{ nuljlgbf a~{lno dbnlfl{lo~' [ho~o fo~~ dcujbf ljyuctojog{~ uof| cg fb} ogdcunojog{~{bòhcfkou~ oxounl~lgm {holu kl~nuo{lcg {c fljl{ 2=*|obu*cfk~ oxyc~uo {c bkf{ dbnlfl{lo~' [ho| bf~cyfbno b eukog cg bff bkf{ nuljlgbf a~{lno yubn{l{lcgou~ {c uoncmglqo bgk uo~ycgk {c {ho dbn{ {hb{ 2=*|obu*cfk~ buo ~ljyf| gc{ bkf{~& ol{hou kotofcyjog{bff| cu gkou bg| cd cu c{hou fb}~'

Uoncjjogkb{lcg~ dcu Ljjoklb{o Bn{lcg

Uoncmglqo bgk Bnncjjckb{o 2=*\obu*Cfk~ \c{h ^{b{~

[ho flu~{& nul{lnbf uodcuj {hb{ j~{ hbyyog l~ dcu bkf{ nuljlgbf a~{lno ~{bòhcfkou~ {c uoncmglqo {hb{2=*|obu*cfk~ buo gc{ {ho ~bjo b~ bkf{~ bgk {c bka~{ {holu yucnokuo~ bnncuklgmf|' @gc}lgm {hb{ {ho|buo hcfklgm b ~nhccf*bmok lgkltlkbf& ycflno ~hcfk jbò otou| ocu{ {c ncg{bn{ b {oog~ ybuog{~ cu

mbuklbg~ bgk& }hogotou yc~~lefo& {c uofob~o {ho |c{h {c b ybuog{~ n~{ck|' ]hog |cgm yocyfo buohofk lg dbnlfl{lo~ }l{h bkf{ cogkou~& ycflno koybu{jog{~ bgk ~houl~ ~hcfk nfc~of| jcgl{cu {hoj {cyuotog{ be~o cu hbub~~jog{'5

Cgno `lk~ buo lg {ho bkf{ ncu{ ~|~{oj& l{ l~ o~~og{lbf dcu yubn{l{lcgou~ {c lkog{ld| {hoj b~ |cgm yoc*yfo bgk {uob{ {hoj bnncuklgmf|' Yuceb{lcg cnou~& kl~{uln{ b{{cugo|~ bgk yefln kodogkou~ }hc hbgkfonb~o~ lgtcftlgm 2=*|obu*cfk~ ~hcfk uonolto {ho ~bjo {ublglgm bgk bnno~~ {c uo~cuno~ {hb{ {holu ato*glfo ncu{ ncg{ouybu{~ uonolto ybu{lnfbuf| {ublglgm lg hc} {c bnno~~ ~outlno~ byyucyulb{o dcu {hl~

nhby{ou 4

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40/44

ycyfb{lcg' Akmo~ bgk ncu{ ~{b~hcfk jb`o ~uo {hb{ yucnokuo~ bgk yuc{cncf lg nb~o~ lgtcftlgm2=*|obu*cfk~ bnncjjckb{o {ho ybu{lnlyb{lcg bgk yuo~ogno cd ybuog{~& bgk {b`o lg{c bnncg{ {hoglro oknb{lcgbf& hc~lgm bgk kotofcyjog{bf uobfl{lo~ cd2=*|obu*cfk~' Dlgbff|& byyucyulb{o& jobg*lgmdf oknb{lcgbf ~outlno~& lgnfklgm ~yonlbf oknb{lcg ~outlno~& j~{ eo jbko btblfbefo lg bff HCNbgk KCN dbnlfl{lo~ {c og~uo {hb{ |c{h kc gc{ ncg{lgo {c eo koglok {holu ulmh{ {c b duoo bgk byyuc*

yulb{o yefln oknb{lcg'Oxounl~o Kl~nuo{lcg {c Jlgljlqo {ho Hbuj~ Nb~oke| Oxyc~lgm 2=*\obu*Cfk~ {c {ho Bkf{ ^|~{oj

Ec{h ycflno bgk yuc~on{cu~ hbto {ho kl~nuo{lcg {c konlko }ho{hou {c buuo~{ cu nhbumo bg lgkltlkbf}l{h b nuljlgbf cog~o b~ }off b~ }hb{ cog~o~ {c nhbumo hlj }l{h' Dcu oxbjyfo& b yuc~on{cu ncfkkonlko {c cou yuo*buublmgjog{ kltou~lcg {c bff 2=*|obu*cfk~ nhbumok }l{h jlgcu cog~o~ ({ho jbacu*l{| cd nb~o~,& oon{ltof| uojctlgm {ho~o nb~o~ ducj bkf{ nuljlgbf ncu{ bf{cmo{hou' [c kb{o& ~|~{ojln~o cd kltou~lcg dcu fc}*fotofcog~o~ hb~ gc{ eoog kcgo lg Jb~*~bnh~o{{~'

Uo~obunh ~hc}~ {hb{ kltou~lcg yuc*mubj~ (l'o' yucmubj~ {hb{ kltou{ `lk~ducj {ho ncu{ ~|~{oj og{luof|& ~*bff| dcu fc}*fotof cog~o~, nbg hbtoogcujc~ eogofl{~ dcu ncjjgl{lo~b~ }off b~ `lk~& lgnfklgm ~lmglflnbg{nc~{*~btlgm~'> Houo lg Jb~~bnh*~o{{~& jf{lyfo aul~kln{lcg~ hbtoeomg {c oxyfcuo {hl~ cy{lcg{hucmh ec{h ycflno koybu{jog{~

bgk kl~{uln{ b{{cugo|~ cno~' [ho~oocu{~ buo fbkbefo& bgk ~hcfk eo ogncubmok bgk ljyuctok e| bkklgm kb{b ncffon{lcg {c {ubn` {holuoon{ltogo~~ bgk og~uo {hb{ {ho~o cy{lcg~ buo gc{ ~ofon{ltof| bgk gdbluf| couok cgf| {c }obf{hlou cudbtcuok ycyfb{lcg~ cd `lk~'

Dcu `lk~ }hc buo bfuobk| lg {ho ~|~{oj& bkkl{lcgbf bka~{jog{~ nbg eo jbko' B{{cugo|~ uoyuo~og{lgm2=*|obu*cfk~ ~hcfk kub} ycg uofotbg{ uo~obunh bgk nb~o fb} uombuklgm |cgm nflog{~ bgk ~hcfk ox*yfcuo bmo*byyucyulb{o& ncjjgl{|*eb~ok bf{ougb{lto~ {c HCN ncgflgojog{ cu yuceb{lcg }hog by*yucyulb{o' Lg nubd{lgm ~og{ogno~ dcu ~otog{oog*|obu*cfk~& akmo~ ~hcfk eo b}buo cd {ho yucdcgkf|gomb{lto ncg~orogno~ cd lgnbunoub{lgm 2=*|obu*cfk~ }l{h bkf{~ bgk b{{ojy{ {c lkog{ld| ~l{befo&ncjjgl{|*eb~ok {oog*dcn~ok bf{ougb{lto~ dcu {ho~o |cgm yocyfo' Dlgbff|& {ho Yuceb{lcg Koybu{*

jog{ ~hcfk b~~lmg bff2=

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nou~ }l{h atoglfo {ublglgm& cu uorluo yuceb{lcgcnou~ }cu`lgm }l{h ~nhccf*bmok yuceb{lcgou~ {c bkkuo~~ ~yonlfln ncgnoug~ cu gkoumc {ublglgm lgbkcfo~nog{ kotofcyjog{& oknb{lcgbf bktcnbn| bgk c{hou |c{h*~yonlfln {cyln~'

>5


41/44

Kb{b Ncffon{lcg

Uombukfo~~ cd }ho{hou cu fb} l~ nhbgmok cu bkf{ nuljlgbf a~{lno ~|~{oj ~{bòhcfkou~ tcfg{bulf|bkcy{ uodcuj~& l{ l~ ljycu{bg{ {hb{ }o kotofcy kb{b ncffon{lcg ~|~{oj~ {hb{ bffc} ~ {c ob~lf| lkog{ld|bgk {ubn`2=*|obu*cfk~ lg {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj' B~ b uonog{ uoycu{ ducj {ho dokoubf Cno cd Atoglfo A~*{lno bgk Koflgrogn| Yuotog{lcg (CAAKY, gc{ok& ~{b{o~ {hb{ ~o ~{b{{cu| oxnf~lcg~ {c òoy nou{blg

{oog~ lg {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj (~nh b~ Jb~~bnh~o{{~, duorog{f| dblf {c lkog{ld| {ho~o nb~o~& cu {ubn`cog~o yucflfo~& kojcmubyhln nhbubn{oul~{ln~& cu ~og{ognlgm bgk fcgm*{ouj c{ncjo~ dcu {hl~ ycyfb*{lcg'; Cu ycflno& ncu{~& yuceb{lcg koybu{jog{& kl~{uln{ b{{cugo|~& yefln kodogkou~& b~ }off b~ {hoHc~o~ cd Ncuuon{lcg bgk Koybu{jog{ cd Ncuuon{lcg ~hcfk {ubn` bgk jbò yefln {hl~ ljycu{bg{kb{b ~yonlfln {c 2=*|obu*cfk~'

>>

Ncgnf~lcg@ooylgm 2=*|obu*cfk~ nhbumok }l{h nuljo~ lg cu atoglfo ~|~{oj }cfk eogodl{ otou|

nl{lqog cd {ho Ncjjcg}obf{h' ]o }cfk konuob~o nuljo }hlfo lgnuob~lgm {ho gjeoucd |cgm yocyfo cg {ho yb{h {c eoncjlgm fb}*belklgm& {bx*yb|lgm nl{lqog~' B2=*|obu*cfk l~ gc{ bg bkf{ bgk nbggc{ eo ~bdof| cu byyucyulb{of| jbgbmok lg {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj'Hcfklgm 2=*|obu*cfk~ bnncg{befo lg {ho atoglfo ~|~{oj l~ dbu flòflou {c ncuuon{ {holueohbtlcu& cd{og {hucmh {ho ~o cd fc}ou*nc~{ bf{ougb{lto~ gc{ btblfbefo cg {ho bkf{~lko' Hbgkflgm lg {ho bkf{ ~|~{oj& lg ncg{ub~{& cd{og fobk~ {c o~nbfb{lcg cu uoyo{l{lcgcd cog~o~' [ho tb~{ jbacul{| cd2=*|obu*cfk~ lg Jb~~bnh~o{{~ buo buuo~{ok dcu bgknhbumok }l{h jlgcu& gcg*tlcfog{ cog~o~' Eonb~o {ho Jb~~bnh~o{{~ atoglfo ~|~{ojhb~ ec{h {ho nbybnl{| bgk oxyou{l~o {c hbgkfo 2=*|obu*cfk~& otog {hc~o nhbumok }l{h ~o*

ulc~ nuljo~& {ho {ljo dcu uodcuj l~ gc}'

2[ho foml~fb{lcg& ôgb{o Elff ;9& }b~ ~ycg~cuok e| ogb{cu Aoggldou Dfbgbmbg bgk }b~ ogbn{ok b~ ôn{lcg~ 28*55 cd Nhby{ou >?< cd{ho Bn{~ cd5929 (h{{y1##}}}'jbfoml~fb{uo'mct#Fb}~#ô~~lcgFb}~#Bn{~# 5929#Nhby{ou>?92'

;Yb{uln` Mulg& ôbg Bkklo& Eogabjlg Bkbj~& bgk @b{h| Dluo~{lgo' [u|lgm Atoglfo~ b~ Bkf{~1 Bg Bgbf|~l~ cd {b{o [ubg~dou Fb}~bgk Uoycu{lgm'Atoglfo Cogkou~ bgk Tln{lj~1 Gb{lcgbf Uoycu{ oulo~ Effo{lg' CAAKY (ôy{ojeou 5922, yy' 2?& 52'


42/44

nl{lqog~ dcu atoglfo a~{lno

Ecbuk cd Kluon{cu~

Tlumlglb Eogqbg (Nfou`,^{bB{{cugo|Jb~~bnh~o{{~ Fb} Uodcuj Lg~{l{{o

Ac~h Kchbg& O~r'Yucaon{ Kluon{cu\c{h Bktcnbn| Koybu{jog{

Ncjjl{{oo dcu Yefln Ncg~of ôutlno~Nhbufo~ Dbul~Yuo~lkog{ bgk NOC^yon{uj Hobf{h ^|~{oj~& Lgn'

[hcjb~ Mul~~c& Yh'K'Yucdo~~cu cd Y~|nhlb{u| bgk Kluon{cucd {ho Fb} bgk Y~|nhlb{u| Yucmubj_gltou~l{| cd Jb~~bnh~o{{~ Joklnbf ^nhccf

Bfbg @bjlg

Uo{luok AkmoBulqcgb ^youlcu Ncu{

Achg FbultooNhlod Oxon{lto CnouNcjjgl{| Uo~cuno~ dcu A~{lno

]lfflbj F|{{foYuo~lkog{[ho @o| Yucmubj& Lgn'

Uoeonnb Yulo~& fln~}Oxon{lto Kluon{cu

Bkcfo~nog{ Ncg~f{b{lcg ôutlno~

Glnhoffo K' ^bkfou (Tlno Yuo~lkog{,Ec~{cg Buob Kluon{cuUceou{ D' @oggok| Nhlfkuog-~ Bn{lcg Ncuy~

Aobggo J' ^nh~{ou ([uob~uou,ôglcu JbgbmouOug~{ $ \cgm& FFY

@og ^jl{hOxon{lto Kluon{cu\c{hElfk Ec~{cg Lgn'

Ok}buk J' ^{oug& O~r'B{{cugo|Yultb{o Yubn{lno

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^~bg ]b|goYuo~lkog{Kcn ]b|go B{hfo{ln Fobmo

Nhou|f Tlgno ]hl{jbgôglcu Tlno Yuo~lkog{Bjoulnbg Lg~{l{{o~ dcu Uo~obunh


43/44


44/44

nl{lqog~ dcu atoglfo a~{lno

minor transgressions, major consequences

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