MINOS/NOA

Deborah HarrisFermilab

NuFact’04Osaka University

July 28, 2004

MINOS/NOvA 2

Outline of Talk

• MINOS– Beamline Progress– Detector Progress– Not covered: Cosmic ray analyses at Far Detector– Accelerator Physics Expectations

• NOA– Overview– Beamline Progress—see above– Detector Progress—see P.Strolin (mostly) – Physics Reach now and in the future

MINOS/NOvA 3

Acknowlegements

• The majority of the slides I will show come from the excellent talks given by – Sacha Kopp, Fermilab User’s Meeting, 6/2004– Mark Messier, Neutrino 2004, 6/2004– Mark Thomson, Neutrino 2004, 6/2004

• Since probably no one here was at all of these talks, I hope at least a few slides will be new for everyone in the audience

MINOS/NOvA 4

Det. 1 735 km Det. 2

•Near detector predicts energy spectrum at far detector (in absence of oscillations)

•Multiply near spectrum by scaling factor to predict far.•

Must believe that beam at two detectors is (1) the same, or (2) difference calculable.

Near Detector: 980 tons

Far Detector: 5400 tons

Two Detector ExperimentIdea dates back to CERN, FNAL mid-1980’s

MINOS/NOvA 5

The NuMI Beam“Neutrinos at the Main

Injector”

•NuMI has 400kW primary proton beam 120 GeV 8.67 sec spill 1.9 sec rep rate 5 Booster batches (2.51013 prot/spill)

p beam

Pion beam

MINOS/NOvA 6

Extracted Proton Beam LineCarrier TunnelAngling down

Pre-TargetFoil Profile Monitor

MINOS/NOvA 7

Progress on Target and Horns• Horns assembled and pulsed• Horn 1 & power supply installed

underground • >>5.4+1kton of shielding installed• “Crosshairs” for alignment checks

in situ

Bea

m’s

eye

vie

w o

f h

orn

in c

hase

MINOS/NOvA 8

Progress on Decay Pipe and Absorber

• 675m long decay pipe pumped down to 1.4Torr on first try!

• Water-cooled Aluminum core installed

• Hadron Monitor Support Installed

• Almost all of 2.2kTons there

MINOS/NOvA 9

p

Bypass Tunnel

Monitors to Study Beam

BeamBeamTestsTests

Expected profiles in Alcove 1Alcove 2Alcove 3

New levels of radiation hardnessRequired for muon monitors!

MINOS/NOvA 10

MINOS Near Detector Installation

1. Down the shaft

2. Across the hall

3. InstalledLess

tha

n 30

out

of

282

plan

es t

o go

!

MINOS/NOvA 11

MINOS Far Detector magnetized Fe-scintillator calorimeter

segmented scint for X, Y tracking

485 planes, 8m diam, 5400 tons

MINOS/NOvA 12

MINOS Schedule• Far Detector completed in 2003• NuMI Tunnel

– Excavation complete in 2002– Outfitting (electrical, air, water, etc) complete in fall 2003

and March 2004 (two phases)

• Primary beamline and target hall installation– Begun in fall 2003– Finish in November 2004

• Near detector installation to finish early fall ‘04

• READY FOR BEAM November, 2004

MINOS/NOvA 13

Oscillated/unoscillated ratio of number of CC events in far detector vs Eobserved

90% and 99% CL allowed oscillation parameter space for the Super-K best fit point.

For m2 = 0.0020 eV2, sin2 2 = 1.0

Measurement of Disappearance in MINOS

Figures from MINOS 5yr plan submitted to Fermilab PAC 2003

MINOS/NOvA 14

MINOS Measurement of m2

Current way of quoting m2 range: Full width at sin2223=1, at 90%CL K2K now has 90%CL range of 1.7< m2 <3.3 x10-3eV2, or a fractional error of 0.66 with a m2 of 2.73x10-3eV2 (NuFact04)

When MINOS has 7x1020 POT, this Should result in a factor Of 4 increase in precision

Can we please start quoting 1 error barslike precision experiments?(plot on left is in “current way”)

Or, Time for a Change of Terminology

90%

CL

MINOS/NOvA 15

Region where sin2 2 can beresolved as <1.0 at 90% CL.

Resolve Non-Maximal Mixing?m

2 (eV

2 )

sin2(2)

SK allowed

(90%C.L.)

MINOS/NOvA 16

Beam e backgrounds

For m2 = 0.0025 eV2, sin2 213= 0.067

Osc. Max forthis m2

Search for e AppearanceO

bser

ved

e C

C

25x1020 POT

With e oscillations

90% CL Exclusion Limits

(5 years, 3kt)

m2 (

eV2 )

sin2(2)Protons on Target (1020)0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32

0.150

0.125

0.100

0.075

0.050

0.025

0

JHF (2009+5yrs)

MINOS (m2 = 0.0025 eV2)

sin2 (

213

) D

isco

vera

ble

at 3

CHOOZ (m2 = 0.0025 eV2)

Or 3 Discovery!!

MINOS/NOvA 17

Next Steps in Oscillation Physics

• Once MINOS provides stringent test of oscillation framework

• Once MINOS improves precision on m2 by factor of 4 or more…

• Want to focus on →e transitions

– Seeing it in the first place– Getting the most physics out of what you see

MINOS/NOvA 18

Goals and Beams

• MINOS: pin down m2

• NOA look for e / transitions at m2atm

– First hint of 13 being non-zero?

– CP violation in absence of matter effects

– Matter effects in absence of msol2

13

2

sin

sin

)()(

)()(

E

Lm

PP

PPsol

ee

ee

Ree

ee

E

E

PP

PP

2)()(

)()(

GeVE

nG

mE

R

eF

atmR

11

22

2

MINOS/NOvA 19

NOA Collaboration

160 Authors, 34 Institutions, Gary Feldman and John Cooper Co-spokespersons

USUKGreeceBrazilCanada

MINOS/NOvA 20

How will NOA Improve on MINOS?

• Increase Detector Mass by 5 or more• Increase Flux/POT at Oscillation Max by ~2 by

going off axis• Reduce the backgrounds to e appearance

– Lower e at the peak by going off axis– Lower NC contamination by going off axis

• Build detector optimized for e appearance– Segmented X0/3 instead of 1.5X0!

• Low Z instead of High Z – more kton/X0

– Events are big—need fewer channels per transverse dimension

• Go to Higher L, Lower E, more matter effects– 810km, 2GeV peak, instead of 735km, 3.5GeV peak

Goal: factor of 10 past MINOS reach on sin2 213

MINOS/NOvA 21

How the Off Axis Strategy Works

MINOS/NOvA 22

What Can we expect at NOA?

MINOS/NOvA 23

Detector Strategy• Baseline Design

– Particle Board (20cm) w/ Liq. Scintillator (3cm thick) in Extrusions, 750 planes– Segmentation X0/3– 6.9kton active/50.7kton total (14%) – Active Veto Shield Planned

• Totally active Design– Liquid Scintillator (4.9cm thick) in Extrusions, 1845 planes– Segmentation X0/7– 21kton active/25kton total (85%)

• Both Designs– Looped Wavelength Shifting Fiber to Avalance PhotoDiode

Readout (see P. Strolin’s talk)

Scintillatormodules1.3m

20cm

MINOS/NOvA 24

Event Displays from Baseline Detector Design

e CC signal:>3 hits/track>1.5 hits/planeCos(beam)>.8Likelihood Analysis on “event shape”

MINOS/NOvA 25

Totally Active Scintillator Detector Events (2GeV)

One unit is 4.9 cm (horizontal), 4.0 cm (vertical)

+ A -> p + 3± + 0 +

e+A→p + - e-

+ A -> p +-Signal Efficiency32%(18% baseline)

Signal/Background7.7(4.6 baseline)

Signal/sqrt(bg.)26(24.5 basline)

Because of largerEfficiency and betterBackground rejection,Can make ½ the mass

MINOS/NOvA 26

Where should NOA put the detector?

Largest asymmetry for normal vs inverted Mass hierarchy at larger angles

Site that maximizes matter effects is Not optimal for 13 but Mass Hierarchy Determination is unique to NOA

Duty cycle is tiny (10sec/1.8sec)So detector can be at surface of Earth

MINOS/NOvA 27

NOA Near Detector

MINOS/NOvA 28

Measurement Suite NOA will use

MINOS/NOvA 29

NOA Physics Results

Disappearance e Disappearance

– Seeing evidence for sin2213≠0– Mass Hierarchy– CP Violation– What about adding another detector?

• Make more of same detector in same place?• Add another detector farther off axis?

Lesson we’ve seen before: 2 different E or L (or both) are better than twice as much at same E and L!

MINOS/NOvA 30

Disappearance in NOA

MINOS/NOvA 31

NOA’s Reach in sin2213: Depends on ,mass hierarchy!

MINOS/NOvA 32

NOA’s reach in sin2213

• Smaller angle off axis has slightly better reach in sin2213

• How it compares to T2K depends on sign(m2)!

12mrad Off axis

15mradOff axis

MINOS/NOvA 33

Determination of the Mass Hierarchy

• Different ways of getting there:– Compare NOA and

T2K– Compare 15mrad

NOA to 42mrad NOA (matter effects tiny at that energy--0.7GeV )

– Add More protons and stir…

– Add more detector mass and stir…

MINOS/NOvA 34

Search for CP Violation• No matter what, T2K and NOA need proton driver

upgrades to get to CP violation (need the ’s)• Second Oscillation Max strategy: CP violation 3x bigger!

( energy at 42mrad 1/3 of energy at 15mrad)

NOA+T2K + 2 p driver upgrades

NOA+2nd Osc. Max NOA + 1 p driver upgrade

NOA+T2HyperK + 2 p driver upgrades

MINOS/NOvA 35

Technically Driven Schedule

• Need Stage I approval, don’t have it yet…• With Final approval in 2005, Construction starting 2006, data taking

starting with half the detector in 2008• Will pass up reach of MINOS quickly…or make precision

measurement of a signal they (or OPERA or ICARUS) see first!

MINOS/NOvA 36

ConclusionsNuMI Beamline is a long time coming, but is almost here:

ready to commission end of 2004!• MINOS is right around the corner

– Near Detector commissioning as we speak!– Physics running in 2005– Improve m2 measurement over what we have now by factor of

4 or better!• NOA

– 10x sensitivity of MINOS to →e

– Even more precise disappearance measurements– Optimize for physics reach (matter effects!)– Precision P(→e) measurements the goal

• Both experiments benefit greatly from measurements at– MIPP (hadron production on NuMI target)– MINERA (neutrino cross sections & interactions)