mis - unit 3
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 3
Day 1Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
Day 5
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Decision Making and Information Support
Information is the combination of heterogeneous
resources such as databases, text, and semi-structured
information bases.
The decision maker also has to plan and schedule
actions beyond the current point-in-time.
To make the results obtained from an informationsystem clear and useful for the decision maker
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Decision Support System (DSS)- Concepts
Decision Support System
It helps in making a decision and also in its performance
evaluation.
This system can be used to validate the decision byanalysis.
Types of decision
Programmable computerized, build around rules
Non- Programmable The rules are not fixed
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Decision Support System (DSS)- Concepts
Types of DSS
Stratus inquiry system
Operational and middle level management
Data analysis system Comparative analysis (ex inventory system)
Information analysis system
Data is analysed and information reports are generated
Accounting system Not for D-M, its keep track of major aspects of business.
Model based system
Its a one time and infrequent and provide guideline for mgmt.
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Decision Support System (DSS)- Concepts
DSS Models
Behavioral models
It is useful for understanding behavior amongst the business.
Ex: trend analysis, forecasting, and statistical analysis
Management science models
These model are developed on the principles of business mgmt.
A/C, and econometrics.
Ex: budgetary sys, cost a/c sys
Operations Research [or] models
Mathematical models, it represents real life problem situation.
Ex: methods of calculus, matrix algebra, probability
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Enterprise Information System
Integrate and coordinate their business processes
Offers
High quality of service,
Dealing with large volumes of data,
Capable of supporting some large organization
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Knowledge Management System
Knowledge :
Knowledge is the ability of a person to understand the
situation and act effectively.
Knowledge management :
Process define, capture, manipulate, store & develop
Effective use of knowledge depends on how a user
decides to perform the work.
Information Modeling of
knowledgeKnowledge
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Knowledge Management System
Knowledge Management System :
KMS deals with defining, acquisition, construction,
storage, delivery and application of knowledge.
KMS Architecture : KMS
Identification of
Knowledge
Definition ofcategorization
Surveying and
Locating
Build knowledge
structure
Knowledge
Generation
Process foracquisition
Manipulation and
modeling
Creation ofKDB
Knowledge
Delivery
Access Control
Application
methods
Storage and
Security
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Knowledge Management System
Identification ofKnowledge
Knowledge need to identify further process.
Category ofKnowledge
Workplace Acting effectively
Business Functioning effectively
Intellectual capital components Performing effectively
Knowledge generation
After identification, acquisition of knowledge Integrate knowledge for apply right place and right structure.
Build knowledge data base.
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Knowledge Management System
Knowledge Delivery
Made available to user for viewing, manipulating and
application
Tool forKM
Database mgmt tools
Seeking knowledge through SQL queries
Search engine tool
Locating specific info. Through algorithm
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Expert Systems
Behaves similarly to a human expert in a particular field.
Computerized expert system
Diagnose problems, predict future event and solve energy
problems. Agriculture
Improve yield.
Also used for
Design new product & system
Develop innovative insurance products.
Increase the quality of health care.
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Expert Systems
When to use Expert Systems
It is difficult, expensive and time consuming to develop.
Reduce risk
Irreplaceable human experts.
Solve difficult problems
More consistent
Faster than human experts.
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Expert Systems
Components of Expert Systems
Explanation
Facility
Inference
engine
Knowledge
base
Knowledge
base
acquisition
facility
User
Interface
Experts User
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Expert Systems
Knowledge base
Stores all relevant information, data, rules, case, and
relationships that the export system uses.
Tools and techniques :
Assembling human experts
Using fuzzy logic
Using rules
Using cases
Database
raw facts
Information and DS
information
Knowledge base
patterns and
relationships
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Expert Systems
The Inference Engine
Seek information and relationship from the knowledge
base.
Ex : sales demand
The explanation facility
An important part of an expert system.
Allows user or decision maker to understand how the
expert system arrived at certain conclusions or results.
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Expert Systems
The Knowledge Acquisition facility
A difficult task
Creating and updating the knowledge base.
Export
Knowledge
base
Knowledge
acquisition
facility
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Expert Systems
User Interface
It is for designing, creating, updating and using expert
systems.
Make the expert system for user and decision makers todevelop and use.
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Expert Systems
Export system development
Determining requirements
Identifying experts
Constructing expert system
components
Implementing results
Maintaining and reviewing system
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Expert Systems
Participant in developing and using expert system
The domain expert
Domain The area of knowledge addressed by the expert system.
The individual or group who has the expertise or knowledge one is
trying to capture in the expert system.
The knowledge engineer and knowledge users
Knowledge engineer training or experience in the design,
development, implementation and maintenance of an ES.
Knowledge users who uses and benefits from the ES.
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Enterprise Resource Planning
Deals with the planning and use of resource in the
business.
Resources are finance, materials, manufacturing
capacity and human resource.
ERP provide methodology of assessing the resourceneeds.
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Enterprise Systems
Enterprise systems, also known as enterprise resource
planning (ERP) systems,
Deals with the planning and use of resource in the
business.
Resources are finance, materials, manufacturing
capacity and human resource.
ERP provide methodology of assessing the resource
needs.
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ERP stands for: Enterprise Resource Planning systems
This is what it does: attempts to integrate all data and
processes of an organization into a unified system.
A typical ERP system will use multiple components of
computer software and hardware to achieve the
integration. A key ingredient of most ERP systems is the use of a
unified database to store data for the various system
modules.
What is ERP ?
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Definition of an ERP system
ERP or Enterprise Resource Planning systems aresoftware systems for businesses management
encompassing modules supporting functional areas
such as sales and marketing, finance, production,
distribution accounting, human resource management,
maintenance, inventory management, projectmanagement, transportation and e-business etc.
Enterprise Resource Planning ERP
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Features of an ERP system
Architecture of ERP system facilitates transparent
integration of modules providing flow of information
between all function within enterprise in real time.
Many different software are replaced by one integrated
system.
Reliable information access through common DBMS
Eliminates data and operational redundancies (no
duplication of work or data entries etc.)
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Enterprise Application Architecture
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Enterprise Application Architecture
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Traditional Silo View of Information
Systems
Within the business:
There are functions, each having its uses ofinformation systems
Outside the organizations boundaries:
There are customers and vendors
Functions tend to work in isolation
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Traditional View of Systems
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Enterprise Systems
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Benefits ofEnterprise Systems
Help to unify the firms structure and
organization: One organization
Management: Firm wide knowledge-basedmanagement processes
Technology: Unified platform
Business: More efficient operations & customer-
driven business processes
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Challenges ofEnterprise Systems
Difficult to build: Require fundamental changes in
the way the business operates
Technology: Require complex pieces of software
and large investments of time, money, and expertise
Centralized organizational coordination anddecision making: Not the best way for the firms to
operate
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Business and Technical Benefits
Automation of business transactions
Flexibility in changing the system catering to newerbusiness processes.
Coordination across business functions Coordination across geographical distances resulting in
better Managerial control
Consistent information and interface thus easier to
understand and work in
Single system
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