mis341_fall2012_ch001.ver.lecture.ppt

5/23/2018 MIS341_Fall2012_Ch001.Ver.Lecture.ppt

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CHAPTER 1

SYSTEMS, ROLES ANDDEVELOPMENT

METHODOLOGIES


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Week # 1

THEORY: Assuming the Role of the Systems Analyst

1 - Need for Systems Analysis & Design

1 - Role of the Systems Analysts

Qualities of the Systems Analysts 2 - The System Development Life Cycle

Phases/Steps of SDLC

LAB: Case StudySDLC

Study the phases and steps of traditional system development

life cycle.


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Objective

After going through today lesson, youshould be able to:

Understand a system What is Systems Analysis & Design? Understand different types of systems. Understand the role and responsibility of

system analyst Understand the phases of system

development Life Cycle (SDLC).


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Major Topics

Need for Systems Analysis & Design Role of the Systems Analysts

Qualities of the Systems Analysts The System Development Life Cycle

Phases/Steps of SDLC


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Systems

(1)A group of interdependent items

that interact regularly to perform a

task.

(2)An established or organizedprocedure; a method.

(3)A computer systemrefers to the

hardwareand softwarecomponents

that run a computer or computers.

(4)An information systemis a

system that collects, process andstores data.

Cited from:

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/system.html
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/computer_system.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/hardware.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/software.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/software.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/hardware.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/computer_system.html


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System analysis and Design

The Examination and Study of aproblem and the creation of its solution


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Systems?


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Information A Key Resource

What is Information?

Fuels business and can be the critical factor in

determining the success or failure of a business

Why is it needed?

To Strategically position the organization

competitively.

Managing computer-generatedinformation differs from handlingmanually produced data


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Strategic

Level

OperationalLevel

Knowledge

Level

HigherLevel

A systems analyst may beinvolved with any or all ofthese systems at eachorganization level

Types of Systems


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Systems Analysts Recommend, Design, and Maintain ManyTypes of Systems for Users

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

Office Automation Systems (OAS)

Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)

Management Information Systems (MIS)

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Expert Systems (ES)

Executive Support Systems (ESS) Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS)

Computer-Supported Collaborative Work Systems

(CSCWS)


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Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

Computerized system that performs and records the daily routine

transactions necessary to conduct the business; these systems

serve the operational level of the organization

TYPE: Operational-level

INPUTS: transactions, events

PROCESSING: updating

OUTPUTS: detailed reports

USERS: operations personnel, supervisors

EXAMPLE: payroll, accounts payable


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Typical Applications of TPS

Sales/ Manufacturing! Finance/ Human Other types(e.g.,university)

marketing systems production systems accounting systems resources systems UniversityMajor functions

of SystemSales management Scheduling Budgeting Personnel record AdmissionsMarket research Purchasing General ledger Benefits Grade recordsPromotion Shipping/receiving Billing Compensation Course records

Pricing Engineering Cost accounting Labor relations AlumniNew products Operations Training

Sales/ Manufacturing! Finance/ Human Other typesSales order Materials resource General ledger Payroll Registration system

Majorapplication

information system planning systems Accountsreceivable/payable

Employee records Student transcriptsystem

systems Market researchsystem

Purchase order Budgeting Benefit systems Curriculum classPricing system control systems Funds management

systemsCareer path

systemsAlumni benefactor

systemEngineering systemsQuality control

systems


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Office Automation Systems (OAS)

Computer system, such as word processing, electronic mail

system, and scheduling system, that is designed to increase

the productivity of data workers in the office.

TYPE: Knowledge-level INPUTS: documents, schedules

PROCESSING: document management, scheduling,

communication

OUTPUTS: documents; schedules

USERS: clerical workers

EXAMPLE: document imaging system


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Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)

Information system that aids knowledge workers in

the creation and integration of new knowledge in the

organization.

TYPE: Knowledge-level

INPUTS: design specifications

PROCESSING: modelling

OUTPUTS: designs, graphics USERS: technical staff; professionals

EXAMPLE: Engineering workstations


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Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Information system at the management level of an organization

that combines data and sophisticated analytical models or data

analysis tools to support decision making.

TYPE: Management-level

INPUTS: low volume data

PROCESSING: simulations, analysis

OUTPUTS: decision analysis

USERS: professionals, staff managers DECISION-MAKING: semi-structured

EXAMPLE: sales region analysis


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Management Information Systems (MIS)

Information system at the management level of an organization

that serves the functions of planning, controlling, and decision

making by providing routine summary and exception reports.

TYPE: Management-level

INPUTS: high volume data

PROCESSING: simple models

OUTPUTS: summary reports USERS: middle managers

EXAMPLE: annual budgeting


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Executive Support Systems (ESS)

Information system at the strategic level of an organization

that address decision making through advanced graphics and

communications.

TYPE: Strategic level

INPUTS: aggregate data; internal and external

PROCESSING: interactive

OUTPUTS: projections USERS: senior managers

EXAMPLE: 5 year operating plan


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Major Types of Information Systems

Strategic Level Systems

5-yearsales trendforecasting

5-yearoperating

plan

5-yearbudget

forecasting

Profitplanning

Manpowerplanning

Manage ment-Lev el Syste msSalesmanagement

Sales regionanalysis

InventoryControl

ProductionScheduling

Annualbudgeting

Costanalysis

CapitalInvestme nt analysis

Pricing/profitability

analysis

Relocationanalysis

Contract cos t

analysis

Knowledge-Lev el Systems

Engineeringworkstations

Wordprocessing

Graphicsworkstations

DocumentImaging

Managerialworkstations

ElectronicCalendars

Operational Leve l Syste ms

Order Tracking

Order processing

Machine control

Plant sche duling

Material movementcontrol

Securitiestrading

Cashmanagement

Payroll

Accounts payable

Accounts receivable

Compensation

Training & deve lopment

Employee record keeping

TYPES OF SYSTEMS

ESS

MIS

DSS

KWS

OA S

TPS

Sales andmarketing

M anufacturing Finance Accounting HumanResources


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Integrating New Technologies into TraditionalSystems

Ecommerce and Web Systems

Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Wireless Systems

Open Source Software

Need for Systems Analysis and Design


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Figure 1.2 Systems analysts need to be aware thatintegrating technologies affects all types of systems


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Being System Analyst

The analyst

must be able towork with

people of all

descriptions and

be experienced

in working withcomputers


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Need for Systems Analysis and Design

Installing a system without proper planning leads to great user

dissatisfaction and frequently causes the system to fall into

disuse

Lends structure to the analysis and design of information

systems

A series of processes systematically undertaken to improve a

business through the use of computerized information systems


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Roles of the Systems Analyst

Three primary roles:

Consultant

Supporting Expert

Agent of change


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Qualities of the Systems Analyst

Problem solver

Communicator

Strong personal and professional ethics

Self-disciplined and self-motivated


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End of Part 2


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Systems DevelopmentLife Cycle (SDLC)

The systems development

life cycle is a phased

approach to solving business

problems

Developed through the use of

a specific cycle of analyst

and user activities

Each phase has unique user

activities


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Waterfall


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Figure 1.3 The seven phases of the systemsdevelopment life cycle


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Identifying Problems, Opportunities, andObjectives

Activity:

Interviewing user management

Summarizing the knowledge obtained

Estimating the scope of the project

Documenting the results

Output:

Feasibility report containing problem definition and

objective summaries from which management canmake a decision on whether to proceed with the

proposed project


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Determining Human Information Requirements

Activity:

Interviewing

Sampling and investing hard data

Questionnaires

Observe the decision makers behavior and environment

Prototyping

Learn the who, what, where, when, how, and why of the current

system Output: The analyst get understanding of

How users accomplish their work when interacting with acomputer.

How to make the new system more useful and usable.

Know the business functions and have complete information on

the people, goals, data and procedure involved


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Analyzing System Needs

Activity:

Create Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)

Complete the data dictionary

Analyze the structured decisions made

Prepare and present the system proposal Output:

Recommendation on what, if anything,should be done


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Designing the Recommended System

Activity:

Design procedures for data entry

Design the human-computer interface

Design files and/or database

Design system controls

Design backup procedures Output

Model of the actual system


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Developing and Documenting Software

Activity:

System analyst works with programmers to develop any

original software

Works with users to develop effective documentation

Programmers design, code, and remove syntactical errors

from computer programs

Document software with help files, procedure manuals, and

Web sites with Frequently Asked Questions

Output:

Computer programs

System documentation


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Testing and Maintaining the System

Activity:

Test the information system

System maintenance

Maintenance documentation Output:

Problems, if any

Updated programs

Documentation


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Implementing and Evaluating the System

Activity:

Train users

Analyst plans smooth conversion from oldsystem to new system

Review and evaluate system Output:

Trained personnel Installed system


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Figure 1.5 Resource consumption over thesystem life


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Summary

Information is a key resource

Systems analysts deal with many types of information

systems

Integration of traditional systems with new technologies

Roles, needs and qualities of the systems analyst

The systems Development Life Cycle

Alternatives to structured analysis and design and to theSDLC

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