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divya bharathidivya bharathi Divya .SDivya .S

Kiruthika.MsKiruthika.Ms Madhumitha .PMadhumitha .P

Nivethitha.SNivethitha.S Pavithra.SPavithra.S

ContentContent

• IntroductionIntroduction• Branches of AIBranches of AI• Types of AITypes of AI• Al VS HIAl VS HI• Applications of AIApplications of AI• Pros & cons of AIPros & cons of AI• Conclusion Conclusion

Introduction

Turing held that a computer was capable in principle of doing anything that the brain can do, and his paper “Machinery and Intelligence” set forth a theory that remains a cornerstone of the science of artificial intelligence.

Alan turing (1912 -1954)

formulated

Turing test

Introduction Introduction cont…..cont…..

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is usually defined as the science of making computers do things that require intelligence when done by humans.

INTELLIGENT AGENTS

Actions

AgentSensors

Actuators

?

Environm

ent

Percepts

Intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success.

What is neural What is neural networking?networking?

Artif icial neural networks are composed of interconnecting artif icial neurons(programming constructs that mimic the properties of biological neurons.

Programming languages for Programming languages for a.I.a.I.

C, C++ and J ava ar e used t o cr eat e int elligent sof t war e.

Two languages ar e specif ically designed f or AI : LISPLISP:

-a programming language that manipulates lists. PROLOGPROLOG - (PROGRAMMI NG I N

LOGI C)-a language that can build a database of facts and a knowledge base of rules.

Major Branch Of “AI”

AINATURAL LANGUAGE

EXPERT SYSTEM

VISION SYSTEM

PATTERN RECOGNITION

ROBOTICS

Expert system Expert system

An expert system is a comput er pr ogr am t hat simulat es t he j udgment and behavior of a human or an or ganizat ion t hat has expert knowledge and exper ience in a par t icular f ield syst em:

Robotics Robotics

I t is t he br anch of t echnology t hat deals wit h t he design, const r uct ion, oper at ion, and applicat ion of r obot s. Robot ics ar e engineer ing at t empt s t o duplicat e t he physical at t r ibut es of humans.

AI use robotics by main AI use robotics by main four operations:four operations:

Signal processing. Measurement Analysis. Pattern Recognition. Image Understanding.. AI r esear ch cont inues in t he ar ea of

machine int elligence ,t hat include exper t syst ems using r obot ics.

VISION SYSTEMVISION SYSTEM

• A system which incor por at es t he hardware  and sof tware necessar y t o emulat e f unct ions of an eye.

• A vision syst em is not necessar ily limit ed t o t he visible spect r um, and may also include int er pr et at ion of t hr ee-dimensional sur f aces.

• Used in many ar eas of  r obot ics

PATTERN RECOGNITION

•A pattern is an object, process or event

•A class (or cat egor y) is a set of pat t er ns t hat shar e common at t r ibut e (f eat ur es) usually f r om t he same inf or mat ion sour ce•Dur ing recognition (or classif ication) classes ar e assigned t o t he obj ect s.•A classif ier is a machine t hat per f or ms such t ask.

NATURAL LANGUAGENATURAL LANGUAGE

• Nat ur al language pr ocessing (NLP) is t he abilit y of a comput er pr ogr am t o understand human speech as it is spoken. NLP is a component of ar t if icial int elligence (AI ). • Cur r ent appr oaches t o NLP ar e

based on machine learning , a t ype of ar t if icial int elligence t hat examines and uses pat t er ns in dat a t o impr ove a pr ogr am' s own under st anding

How Does AI Works??

Artificial intelligence works with the help of

• Artificial Neurons (Artificial Neural Network)

And

• Scientific theorems(If-Then Statements, Logics)

EVALUATION OF A.I.

• AI can be evaluated on specific problems such as small problems in– chemistry, – hand-writing recognition and – game-playing.

• Such tests have been termed as Subject Matter Expert Turing Tests.

OUTCOMES OF AN AI TEST

• Optimal: not possible to perform better.• Strong Super-Human: performs better than all

humans.

• Super-Human: performs better than most humans.

• Sub-Human: performs worse than most humans.

TYPES OF AI

Types of

AI

WEEK AI:STRONG

AI

STRONG A.I.

Principle is that the machines could be made To think .

If that is the case, those machines will have the ability to reason, think and do all functions that a human is capable of doing. But this technology will never be developed or at least it

will take a very long time.

Due to the recent developments in nanotechnology, Nanobots, can help us fight diseases and also make us more intelligent, are being designed.

The development of an Artificial Neural Network, which can function as a proper human being, is being looked at as a future application of Strong AI.

WEEK AI :

The principle behind Weak AI is simply the fact that machines can be made to act as if they are intelligent.

For example, when a human player plays chess against a computer.

HUMAN INTELLIGENCE VS. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Human Intelligence

Human Intelligence:

• I nt uit ion, Common sense, J udgment , Cr eat ivit y, Belief s et c.

• The abilit y t o demonst r at e t heir int elligence by communicat ing ef f ect ively.

• Plausible Reasoning and Cr it ical t hinking.

Artif icial Intelligence:

• Abilit y t o simulat e human behavior and cognit ive pr ocesses.

• Capt ur e and pr eser ve human exper t ise.

• Raise legal and et hical concer ns.

Artificial IntelligenceVSVS

PROS

• Humans ar e f allible.• They have limit ed

knowledge bases.• I nf or mat ion

pr ocessing of ser ial nat ur e pr oceed ver y slowly in t he br ain as compar ed t o comput er s.

• Humans ar e unable t o r et ain lar ge amount s of dat a in memor y.

Cons

• No “common sense”.• Cannot r eadily deal

wit h “mixed” knowledge.

• May have high development cost s.

• Fast Response. The abilit y t o compr ehend lar ge amount s of dat a quickly.

APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

FINANCE

• Banks use artificial intelligence systems to organize operations, invest in stocks, and manage properties.

In August 2001, robots beat humans in a simulated financial trading competition.

• Financial institutions have long used artificial neural network systems to detect charges or claims outside of the norm, flagging these for human investigation.

HOSPITALS AND MEDICINE

• A medical clinic can use artificial intelligence systems to organize bed schedules, make a staff rotation, and provide medical information and other important tasks.

• Artificial neural networks are used as clinical decision support systems for medical diagnosis.

• Computer-aided interpretation of medical images.

HEAVY INDUSTRY

• Robots have become common in many industries. They are often given jobs that are considered dangerous to humans.

• Robots have proven effective in jobs that are very repetitive which may lead to mistakes or accidents due to a lapse in concentration and other jobs which humans may find degrading.

ONLINE AND TELEPHONE CUSTOMER SERVICE

• Artificial intelligence is implemented in Automated Online Assistants that can be seen as avatars on web pages.

-help enterprises to reduce their operation and training cost.

A major underlying technology to such systems is Natural Language Processing.

• Used in answering machines of call centres, such as speech recognition software to allow computers to handle first level of customer support, text mining and natural language processing to allow better customer handling.

AVIATION

• The AOD uses artificial intelligence for surrogate operators for combat and training simulators, mission management aids, support systems for tactical decision making, and post processing of the simulator data into symbolic summaries.

• In 2003, NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, and many other companies, created software that could enable a damaged aircraft to continue flight until a safe landing zone can be reached.

• The software compensates for all the damaged components by relying on the undamaged components.

• The neural network used in the software proved to be effective and marked a triumph for artificial intelligence.

Over the years AI is getting exponentially more sophisticatedNow AI’s are able to react with an “intelligence” that simulates the computer as a human AI’s are able to respond to voice commands

AI IN VIDEO GAMES

Ai also depolyed inAi also depolyed in

•  Homeland Security, speech and text recognition, Data Mining, and e-mail spam filtering.

•  Applications are also being developed for gesture recognition (understanding of sign language by machines), individual voice recognition, global voice recognition (from a variety of people in a noisy room), facial expression recognition for interpretation of emotion and non verbal cues.

•  Other applications are robot navigation, obstacle avoidance, and object recognition.

FUTURE OF AIFUTURE OF AI

The f ut ur e is r eally unknownResear cher s seem t o disagr ee on a lot of t he same issuesWit h t he r at e at which t echnology is impr oving it is logical t o believe AI will cont inue t o get mor e and mor e sophist icat ed

ADVANTAGE OF AI

The main advantages of AI is high speed, great efficiency, accuracy, make task very easy & use in robotics

There are many advantages in different field areas like medical communication science, military application & also in the defense system.

 Limited Ability Slow Real Time Response Can’t Handle Emergency   Situations Difficult code High Cost

DRAWBACKS OF A.I

CONCLUSION

• Artificial Intelligence is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs.

• Thus AI is the branch of the science which generally involves borrowing characteristic from human intelligence and apply them as algorithms in a computer.

11/16/14

PERSPECTIVE

For Humans Intelligence is no more than TAKING a right

decision at right time

And

For Machines Artificial Intelligence is no more than

CHOOSING a right decision at right time

Artificial intelligence is the Second intelligence ever to exist.

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