misconduct a wicked problem cope 2016
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Navigatingthewatersaround“wickedproblems”:Perspectivesonmisconductfrom
COPE
![Page 2: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CharonPiersonClinicianandacademicfor40years
Nursepractitioneringeriatricsfor30years
PhDinmedicalsociology
Journaleditorfor20+years
MemberofCOPEsince2009
ElectedtoCOPECouncil2012
ElectedsecretaryofCOPETrusteeBoard2015
Investigated2casesofmisconductthatresultedinretractions
RequestedamisconductinvestigationagainstanauthorviaUniversityandORI
IndependentcontractortoAANPtoeditourjournalpublishedbyWiley
Noothercompetingintereststodeclare
![Page 3: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
COPEaims
AboutCOPEBeganinLondonin1997assmall,informalgroupofjournaleditorstodiscussissuesrelatedtopublicationethicsRegisteredCharityandCorporationunderUKlaw
Todaywehavemorethan10,000membersfrom103countriesfromAlgeriatoZimbabweMembershipisinternationalinscopeandfullyinclusiveinsubjectmatter
![Page 4: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
COPECouncilstrategydayretreatJune16,2016
18Councilmembers3staff
![Page 5: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
COPEaims
COPEAims
ProvidepracticalresourcestoeducateandsupportourmembersProvideleadershipinthinkingonpublicationethicsProvideaneutral,professionalvoice
![Page 7: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
“Researchisiterativeandnecessitatesaclean“pool”ofknowledge.“Whatdidwelearnyesterday?HowdoesCOPEthinkabouttheseproblems?
![Page 9: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Whatdoesawickedproblemlooklike?
KnownasWickedProblem(HorstRittle)
IllstructuredProblem(IanMitroff)
SocialMess(RobertHorn)
Toseethismapinfulldetailgoto<www.macrovu.com/GMUnknownterritory.html>
![Page 10: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
HorstRittle’s original10characteristics
1.Thereisnodefiniteformulationofawickedproblem.2.Wickedproblemshavenostoppingrules.3.Solutionstowickedproblemsarenottrue-or-false,butbetterorworse.4.Thereisnoimmediateandnoultimatetestofasolutiontoawickedproblem.5.Everysolutiontoawickedproblemisa"one-shotoperation";becausethereisnoopportunitytolearnbytrial-and-error,everyattemptcountssignificantly.
6.Wickedproblemsdonothaveanenumerable(oranexhaustivelydescribable)setofpotentialsolutions,noristhereawell-describedsetofpermissibleoperationsthatmaybeincorporatedintotheplan.7.Everywickedproblemisessentiallyunique.8.Everywickedproblemcanbeconsideredtobeasymptomofanother[wicked]problem.9.Thecausesofawickedproblemcanbeexplainedinnumerousways.Thechoiceofexplanationdeterminesthenatureoftheproblem'sresolution.10.[Withwickedproblems,]theplannerhasnorighttobewrong.
Rittel &Webber,1973,Dilemmasinageneraltheoryofplanning,PolicySciencesMagazine.
![Page 11: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Whatisa“wickedproblem”?ComplexDifficulttodefineNoeasysolutionCandidatesolutionscreateevenmoreproblemsMultiplestakeholdersinvolvedMultiplecompetinginterestsNoclearindicationasolutionhasbeenreachedaftermuchdiscussion
![Page 12: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Howcomplexistheproblem?
• Newmodelsofpublishingandaccessinginformation• Increasingnumberofjournalsinwhichtopublish• Increasingstrainonpeerreviewerstoreviewthescience• Increasinglycomplexanalytictechniquesbeingused• Incentivizedtopublishmorearticleswithoutregardtoquality• Academicsincentivizedtopublishinhighimpactjournals• Institutionalreputationtiedtopublishingvolumeandmetrics• Institutionalsilos
![Page 13: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Howistheproblemdefined?
• Non-reproducibilityofscience• Pushtodo“safe”research• Pushtopublishquicklybeforeeverythingisproperlyvetted• Unintentionalerrorsnotcaughtinpeerreview• Intentionalerrorsdifficulttocatch• Scientificintegrityisatstake• Averagepersondoesnottrustscience• Researchersdonottrustjournalarticlesandwanttoseedata
• Journaleditorsdonothaveresourcestoconductinvestigations
![Page 14: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Whatsolutionshavebeentriedandfailed?
• Namingandshaming• Criminalprosecution• Sanctionsonfuturegrantapplications• ComplaintstoCOPEtoadjudicatethescienceratherthantheprocess• Institutionalinvestigationsinsomecases• WebsitesforcommentarylikePubMedCommons andPubPeer• Bloggersnotedforcriticalcommentary• Whistleblowers
![Page 15: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Whatnewproblemshavebeencreated?
• Requiringsubmissionofdatawithamanuscript• Journalshavetochangeprocesses• Datahavetobesecuredandmanaged
• Reputationalriskforinnocentparties• Juniorscientiststakingthe“fall”forproblems• Sophisticatedtechnologiestofakeallkindsofthings
• Peerreview• Figures,data• Work-aroundstothwartplagiarismdetectionsoftware
• Programsthatgenerategibberishpapers• Companiessupplyingnewarticlescompletewithdataformoney
![Page 16: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Whoarethemultiplestakeholders?
• Funders• Publishers• Journaleditors• Academicinstitutions• ResearchIntegrityOffices• Legalsystem• Lawyersspecializeinrepresentingwhistleblowersorthosebeinginvestigated
• Politicalsystems• Thepublicwhouseandrelyonscience
![Page 17: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Whatarethemultiplecompetinginterests?
• Authorsbeingpaidtopublishinhigh-impactjournals• Publicationinreputablejournalsisthe“coinoftherealm”inacademiaandresearchinstitutions• Highlycitablearticlesboostjournal/publisherreputation• Being“first”topublishbreakthroughresearch• Authorship– whoisanauthorandwhoisnamedanauthor?• Dataownership- whoownsthedata?• Computerhacking,systemmanipulation• Openaccessvspaidaccess
![Page 18: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Howwillweknowwhenwehaveasolution?
• Accommodationforalternativeoptions• Bettercommunicationamongstakeholders• Dialoguemapping,knowledgemapping
• Improvedcollaborationamongthoseequippedtohandletheproblem• Everyone“owns”theproblem• Flexibility– i.e.,changeswithchangingenvironments• Ongoingcommitment– problemisnotnecessarilysolvedbuteveryone“remainsinthemess”(Horn)
![Page 19: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
KnowledgeMap– frommapitknowit.wordpress.com
![Page 20: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
DialogueMap– fromCogNexus Institute
![Page 21: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Lookingtowardthefuture
• Generateavisualmaporrepresentationofthesolutionspace• Generateasharedunderstandingoftheproblemspace• Increasedownershipoftheproblemamongstakeholders• Attentiontoimprovingcommunicationabouttheproblem• Increaseawarenessofinfrastructuretosolveproblems• Increasedattentiontoperverseincentivesthatfueltheproblem• Moresharingofeducationaloptionstoearlycareerresearchers• Morepeopleworkingtoincreasetransparencyinconductingandpublishingresearch
![Page 22: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Whatdoweneedtoconsiderinsolutions?
• Don’tgeneratenewproblemswithsolutions• Getbuy-infromkeystakeholders• Embraceeffortsinclusiveofcurrentandfuturepossibilities• Promoteeducationofallinvolved• Collaboratewithmultiplegroups• Goalsneedtoembraceconceptofchangingtheclimateintheconductofresearchandpublication
![Page 23: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Criterion10:“Plannersareliablefortheconsequencesoftheactionstheygenerate.”H.Rittel
ViaTwitterfrom@boomerang
![Page 24: Misconduct a wicked problem COPE 2016](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020203/5881ab421a28ab1a398b7683/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
References
• ConklinJ.(2005).DialogueMapping.JohnWileyPublishing:Chichester,England• Horn,R.(2001).KnowledgeMappingforComplexSocialMesses.Apresentationtothe“FoundationsintheKnowledgeEconomy”attheDavidandLucilePackardFoundation.• Mapit– Knowithttps://mapitknowit.wordpress.com/• RitcheyT.(2013).WickedProblems:Modellingsocialmeses withmorphologicalanalysis.Acta Morphologica Generalis,2(1);1-8.• Rittel,H.,andWebber,M.(1973).“DilemmasinaGeneralTheoryofPlanning”.PolicySciences,Vol.4,pp155-169.ElsevierPublishing:Amsterdam.